ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5230-2401
Current Organisations
University of Exeter
,
University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Sociology | Sociology not elsewhere classified | Sociology and Social Studies of Science and Technology |
Expanding Knowledge through Studies of Human Society | Expanding Knowledge in Engineering | Expanding Knowledge in Technology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-05-2017
Abstract: Emergency service workers are often exposed to trauma and have increased risk of a range of mental health (MH) conditions. Smartphone applications have the potential to provide this group with effective psychological interventions however, little is known about the acceptability and preferences regarding such initiatives. To describe the preferences and opinions of emergency service workers regarding the use of smartphone MH applications and to examine the impact of age on these preferences. Participants were recruited from four metropolitan Fire and Rescue NSW stations and responded to questionnaire items covering three key domains: current smartphone use, potential future use and preferences for design and content as well as therapeutic techniques. Overall, approximately half the s le (n = 106) claimed they would be interested in trying a tailored emergency-worker MH smartphone application. There were few differences between age groups on preferences. The majority of respondents claimed they would use an app for mental well-being daily and preferred terms such as 'well-being' and 'mental fitness' for referring to MH. Confidentiality, along with a focus on stress, sleep, exercise and resiliency were all considered key features. Behavioural therapeutic techniques were regarded most favourably, compared with other therapies. Emergency workers were interested in utilizing smartphone applications focused on MH, but expressed clear preferences regarding language used in promotion, features required and therapeutic techniques preferred.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 17-03-2023
DOI: 10.1192/BJP.2023.22
Abstract: Previous research showed that the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) was associated with a widening disparity in suicide rates between lower-class occupations and the highest-class occupations in Australia. There has been no research investigating whether this trend continued post-GFC. This study aimed to investigate suicide rates by occupational class among employed Australians aged 15 years and over, between 2007 and 2018. A population-level retrospective mortality study was conducted using data from the National Coronial Information System. Adjusted suicide rates were calculated over the period 2007 to 2018. Negative binomial regression models were used to assess the relationship between occupational class, gender and time, comparing post-GFC years (2010–2012, 2013–2015 and 2016–2018) with GFC years (2007–2009). Relative to the GFC period of 2007–2009, a significant reduction in suicide disparity between managers and other occupation groups was only observed among male labourers (rate ratios (RR) = 0.65, 95% CI 0.49–0.86) and male technicians/trades workers (RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.96) for the period 2013–2015. Skilled manual and lower-skilled occupational classes remain at elevated risk of suicide in Australia. While a decreasing ergence in suicide rates was only observed between labourer and manager occupational classes post-GFC, this trend was not maintained over the later part of the study period (2016–2018). There is a need to further understand the relationship between contextual factors associated with suicide among the employed population, especially during periods of economic downturn.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 03-07-2018
DOI: 10.2196/10517
Abstract: Mental health has become the leading cause of sickness absence in high-income countries. Managers can play an important role in establishing mentally healthy workplaces and coordinating their organization’s response to a mentally ill worker. This pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility, usability, and likely effectiveness of a newly developed online training program for managers called HeadCoach. HeadCoach aims to build managers’ confidence in supporting the mental health needs of staff and promote managerial behavior most likely to result in a more mentally healthy workplace. In total, 66 managers from two organizations were invited to participate in this pre-post pilot study of HeadCoach, which was made available to managers to complete at their own pace over a 4-week period. Data were collected at baseline and post intervention via an online research platform. The difference in mean scores for each outcome between these two time points was calculated using paired s les t tests. Of all the invited managers, 59.1% (39/66) participated in the trial, with complete pre–post data available for 56.4% (22/39) of the participants. The majority of respondents reported positive engagement with the program. During the study period, managers’ knowledge regarding their role in managing mental health issues (P=.01) and their confidence in communicating with employees regarding mental illness (P .001) significantly increased. In addition, a significant increase was observed from the baseline in managers’ self-reported actions to use strategies to prevent and decrease stress among their team members (P=.02). Although caution is needed due to the absence of a control group, preliminary results of this study suggest that HeadCoach could be a feasible, acceptable, and efficient method of training managers in best workplace practices to help support the mental health needs of their staff.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 20-09-2017
Abstract: en are less likely to seek help for mental health problems, possibly because of stigma imposed by cultural masculine norms. These tendencies may be lified within male-dominated workplaces such as the emergency services or transport industries. Mobile apps present a promising way to provide access to mental health support. However, little is known about the kinds of mental health technologies men would be willing to engage with, and no app can be effective if the intended users do not engage with it. he goal of this participatory user research study was to explore the perceptions, preferences, and ideas of workers in male-dominated workplaces to define requirements for a mental health app that would be engaging and effective at improving psychological well-being. orkers from male-dominated workplaces in rural, suburban, and urban locations took part in an exploratory qualitative study involving participatory workshops designed to elicit their perspectives and preferences for mental health support and the design of an app for mental health. Participants generated a number of artifacts (including draft screen designs and promotional material) designed to reify their perceptions, tacit knowledge, and ideas. total of 60 workers aged between 26 and 65 years, 92% (55/60) male, from male-dominated workplaces in rural (16/60, 27%), suburban (14/60, 23%), and urban (30/60, 50%) locations participated in one of the 6 workshops, resulting in 49 unique feature ideas and 81 participant-generated artifacts. Thematic analysis resulted in a set of feature, language, and style preferences, as well as characteristics considered important by participants for a mental health app. The term “mental health” was highly stigmatized and disliked by participants. Tools including a mood tracker, self-assessment, and mood-fix tool were highly valued, and app characteristics such as brevity of interactions, minimal on-screen text, and a solutions-oriented approach were considered essential by participants. Some implementation strategies based on these findings are included in the discussion. uture mental health mobile phone apps targeting workers in male-dominated workplaces need to consider language use and preferred features, as well as balance the preferences of users with the demands of evidence-based intervention. In addition to informing the development of mental health apps for workers in male-dominated industries, these findings may also provide insights for mental health technologies, for men in general, and for others in high-stigma environments.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-02-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-04-2018
DOI: 10.2196/MENTAL.8999
Abstract: Men are less likely to seek help for mental health problems, possibly because of stigma imposed by cultural masculine norms. These tendencies may be lified within male-dominated workplaces such as the emergency services or transport industries. Mobile apps present a promising way to provide access to mental health support. However, little is known about the kinds of mental health technologies men would be willing to engage with, and no app can be effective if the intended users do not engage with it. The goal of this participatory user research study was to explore the perceptions, preferences, and ideas of workers in male-dominated workplaces to define requirements for a mental health app that would be engaging and effective at improving psychological well-being. Workers from male-dominated workplaces in rural, suburban, and urban locations took part in an exploratory qualitative study involving participatory workshops designed to elicit their perspectives and preferences for mental health support and the design of an app for mental health. Participants generated a number of artifacts (including draft screen designs and promotional material) designed to reify their perceptions, tacit knowledge, and ideas. A total of 60 workers aged between 26 and 65 years, 92% (55/60) male, from male-dominated workplaces in rural (16/60, 27%), suburban (14/60, 23%), and urban (30/60, 50%) locations participated in one of the 6 workshops, resulting in 49 unique feature ideas and 81 participant-generated artifacts. Thematic analysis resulted in a set of feature, language, and style preferences, as well as characteristics considered important by participants for a mental health app. The term “mental health” was highly stigmatized and disliked by participants. Tools including a mood tracker, self-assessment, and mood-fix tool were highly valued, and app characteristics such as brevity of interactions, minimal on-screen text, and a solutions-oriented approach were considered essential by participants. Some implementation strategies based on these findings are included in the discussion. Future mental health mobile phone apps targeting workers in male-dominated workplaces need to consider language use and preferred features, as well as balance the preferences of users with the demands of evidence-based intervention. In addition to informing the development of mental health apps for workers in male-dominated industries, these findings may also provide insights for mental health technologies, for men in general, and for others in high-stigma environments.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: This review aimed to identify free, high-quality, smoking cessation mobile applications (apps) that adhere to Australian smoking cessation treatment guidelines. A systematic search of smoking cessation apps was conducted using Google. The technical quality of relevant apps was rated using the Mobile Application Rating Scale. The content of apps identified as high quality was assessed for adherence to smoking cessation treatment guidelines. 112 relevant apps were identified. The majority were of poor technical quality and only six 'high-quality' apps were identified. These apps adhered to Australian treatment guidelines in part. The efficacy of two apps had been previously evaluated. In lieu of more substantial research in this area, it is suggested that the high-quality apps identified in this review may be more likely than other available apps to encourage smoking cessation. Implications for public health: Smoking cessation apps have the potential to address many barriers that prevent smoking cessation support being provided however few high-quality smoking cessation apps are currently available in Australia, very few have been evaluated and the app market is extremely volatile. More research to evaluate smoking cessation apps, and sustained funding for evidence-based apps, is needed.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 10-12-2021
Abstract: pprenticeships are a common pathway for young people transitioning into the workforce. Apprentices often face many employment-related challenges and have high levels of psychological distress and are at risk of mental health problems. However, they tend to have low engagement in digital mental health interventions, which are often not catered to their interests and needs. his study explored healthy coping strategies used by apprentices and their preferences for an app to support their mental wellbeing. mixed methods study was conducted with 54 apprentices (92.6% male) with a mean age 22.7 years (SD=5.7). Across eight focus groups, participants were asked to describe healthy strategies they used to cope with occupational stressors. They also completed a survey on preferred ways of using an app to support mental health. our major types of coping behaviours were identified: 1) social connection for disclosure and advice, and socialising 2) pleasurable activities such as engaging in hobbies, time-out, and developing work-life separation 3) cognitive approaches including de-fusing from thoughts and cognitive reframing and 4) self-care approaches including exercise, healthy diet and getting adequate sleep. Only 10% of participants currently used a mental health app, but there was high interest in using an app to support friends (88%) and develop self-help strategies to manage or prevent mental health issues (78%). pprentices utilised a range of healthy behaviours to cope with workplace stressors and were willing to use a smartphone app to support their mental health. However, many of the preferred coping strategies identified are not those focussed on by current mental health interventions, including currently available apps, indicating the need for more targeted digital interventions for this group.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 12-04-2019
DOI: 10.2196/12370
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2018
DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2018.1437496
Abstract: Comorbid mental health and substance use problems are highly prevalent in substance use treatment settings and generally lead to poorer treatment outcomes. Pathways to Comorbidity Care (PCC) is a multimodal training program developed to encourage an integrated service approach to improve clinicians capacity to identify and manage comorbid substance use and mental health outcomes within public drug and alcohol treatment settings. In this paper we describe the concepts underlying the PCC package and the use of implementation science to assess and overcome potential barriers, including clinicians preferences, knowledge about best practice, and professional culture. The training components include didactic seminars, group workshops run by a local clinical ch ion on relevant subjects such as motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioral therapy, in idual clinical consultation, and feedback with a senior clinical psychologist. The PCC also includes an online portal containing comorbidity resources including manuals, guidelines, and booster webinars. Finally, we describe the evaluation of PCC implementation. Drug and alcohol services need to be equipped to treat the majority of comorbid mental health conditions in their clients. We anticipate that this multimodal training package, which applies the principles of implementation science, will facilitate effective and integrated care for these vulnerable clients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 05-04-2018
DOI: 10.2196/MENTAL.9480
Abstract: Given the widespread availability of mental health screening apps, providing personalized feedback may encourage people at high risk to seek help to manage their symptoms. While apps typically provide personal score feedback only, feedback types that are user-friendly and increase personal relevance may encourage further help-seeking. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of providing normative and humor-driven feedback on immediate online help-seeking, defined as clicking on a link to an external resource, and to explore demographic predictors that encourage help-seeking. An online s le of 549 adults were recruited using social media advertisements. Participants downloaded a smartphone app known as “Mindgauge” which allowed them to screen their mental wellbeing by completing standardized measures on Symptoms (Kessler 6-item Scale), Wellbeing (World Health Organization [Five] Wellbeing Index), and Resilience (Brief Resilience Scale). Participants were randomized to receive normative feedback that compared their scores to a reference group or humor-driven feedback that presented their scores in a relaxed manner. Those who scored in the moderate or poor ranges in any measure were encouraged to seek help by clicking on a link to an external online resource. A total of 318 participants scored poorly on one or more measures and were provided with an external link after being randomized to receive normative or humor-driven feedback. There was no significant difference of feedback type on clicking on the external link across all measures. A larger proportion of participants from the Wellbeing measure (170/274, 62.0%) clicked on the links than the Resilience (47/179, 26.3%) or Symptoms (26/75, 34.7%) measures (χ2=60.35, P .001). There were no significant demographic factors associated with help-seeking for the Resilience or Wellbeing measures. Participants with a previous episode of poor mental health were less likely than those without such history to click on the external link in the Symptoms measure (P=.003, odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.02-0.44), and younger adults were less likely to click on the link compared to older adults across all measures (P=.005, OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25-0.78). This pilot study found that there was no difference between normative and humor-driven feedback on promoting immediate clicks to an external resource, suggesting no impact on online help-seeking. Limitations included: lack of personal score control group, limited measures of predictors and potential confounders, and the fact that other forms of professional help-seeking were not assessed. Further investigation into other predictors and factors that impact on help-seeking is needed. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000707460 www.anzctr.org.au/ Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370187 (Archived by WebCite at y8m8sVxr)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 10-10-2018
Abstract: he transition to adulthood is a unique developmental period characterized by numerous personal and social role changes and increased opportunities for alcohol consumption. Using alcohol to cope with anxiety symptoms is commonly reported, and young people with anxiety are at a greater risk of hazardous alcohol use and progression to alcohol use disorder. Anxiety and alcohol use tend to fuel each other in an exacerbating feed-forward cycle, leading to difficult-to-treat chronic problems. The peak in onset of anxiety and alcohol disorders suggests this developmental window represents a promising opportunity for early intervention before these problems become entrenched. his study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the Inroads program, a therapist-supported, internet-delivered early intervention for young adults that targets alcohol use, anxiety symptoms, and the interconnections between these problems. randomized controlled trial will be conducted nationally among young Australians (aged 17-24 years) who experience anxiety symptoms and drink alcohol at hazardous or harmful levels. Participants will be in idually randomized on a 1:1 basis to receive the Inroads intervention or assessment plus alcohol guidelines. Participants randomized to the Inroads intervention will receive access to 5 Web-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) modules and weekly therapist support via email and/or phone. The primary outcome assessment will be 8 weeks post baseline, with follow-up assessment 6 months post baseline to determine the sustainability of the intervention effects. Primary outcomes will be the total number of standard drinks consumed in the past month (assessed by the Timeline Follow-Back procedure), severity of alcohol-related harms (assessed by the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire), and anxiety symptoms across multiple disorders (assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7). Secondary outcomes will include alcohol outcome expectancies functional impairment and quality of life and symptoms of social anxiety, anxious arousal, and depression. Results will be analyzed by intention-to-treat using multilevel mixed effects analysis for repeated measures. he study is funded from 2017 to 2020 by Australian Rotary Health. Recruitment is expected to be complete by late-2018, with the 6-month follow-ups to be completed by mid-2019. Results are expected to be published in 2020. he study will be the first to evaluate the benefits of a youth-focused early intervention that simultaneously targets anxiety and hazardous alcohol use. By explicitly addressing the interconnections between anxiety and alcohol use and enhancing CBT coping skills, the Inroads program has the potential to interrupt the trajectory toward co-occurring anxiety and alcohol use disorders. The Web-based format of the program combined with minimal therapist support means that if effective, the program could be widely disseminated to reach young people who are not currently able or willing to access face-to-face treatment. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617001609347 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372748& isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at 7Au19jmf) ERR1-10.2196/12370
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2018.06.058
Abstract: Emergency service workers (ESWs) are at increased risk of trauma-related mental disorders. However, volunteer ESWs, who comprise the majority of firefighters in Western countries, have limited access to the necessary support services for mental health problems. This study aimed to examine the impact of the level and types of trauma exposure on the development of mental disorders in a volunteer fire service. Members of an Australian volunteer fire service (N = 459) completed a cross-sectional survey. Information on the number and types of distressing critical incidents involved within the last year was collected. Validated, self-report measures were used to determine probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychological distress caseness. The risk of probable PTSD was significantly higher for those with the most frequent involvement with distressing incidents and the highest levels of cumulative trauma exposure. Being trapped in a dangerous situation or being assaulted by other people, resulted in the greatest odds of developing a mental disorder. Volunteer fire service members with the highest levels of trauma exposure and involvement with particular types of critical incidents are at elevated risk of mental health problems. The implications for the provision of psychological support measures amongst volunteer emergency services are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2015
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 31-08-2020
Abstract: ental health and alcohol use problems are among the most common causes of disease burden in young Australians, frequently co-occur (comorbidity), and lead to significant lifetime burden. However, comorbidities remain significantly underdetected and undertreated in health settings. Digital mental health tools designed to identify at-risk in iduals, encourage help-seeking, or deliver treatment for comorbidity have the potential to address this service gap. However, despite a strong body of evidence that digital mental health programs provide an effective treatment option for a range of mental health and alcohol use problems in young adults, research shows that uptake rates can be low. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbidity. n this study, we seek to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbid alcohol and mood disorders. The aim is to determine the importance of personality (ie, Big Five personality traits and intervention attitudes), affective factors (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress levels), and baseline alcohol consumption in predicting intervention trial engagement at sign-up, satisfaction with the online tool, and quality of life at the end of the iTreAD (Internet Treatment for Alcohol and Depression) trial. ustralian adults (N=411) aged between 18 and 30 years who screened positive for depression and alcohol use problems signed up for the iTreAD project between August 2014 and October 2015. During registration, participants provided information about their personality, current affective state, alcohol use, treatment expectations, and basic demographic information. Subsequent follow-up surveys were used to gauge the ongoing trial engagement. The last follow-up questionnaire, completed at 64 weeks, assessed participants’ satisfaction with web-based treatment and quality-of-life outcomes. ultiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the relative influence of predictor variables on trial engagement, treatment satisfaction, and quality-of-life outcomes. The analyses revealed that the overall predictive effects of personality and affective factors were 20% or lower. Neuroticism constituted a unique predictor of engagement with the iTreAD study in that neuroticism facilitated the return of web-based self-assessments during the study. The return of incentivized follow-up assessments predicted treatment satisfaction, and state-based depression predicted variance in quality-of-life reports at study completion. ur findings suggest that traditional predictors of engagement observed in face-to-face research may not be easily transferable to digital health interventions, particularly those aimed at comorbid mental health concerns and alcohol misuse among young adults. More research is needed to identify what determines engagement in this population to optimally design and execute digital intervention studies with multiple treatment aims. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): 12614000310662 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=365137& isReview=true. R2-10.1186/s12889-015-2365-2
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-01-2023
Abstract: Workplace sickness absence is a major public health and economic problem, and common mental disorders (CMDs) such as anxiety and depression are associated with particularly high rates of long-term sickness absence. Effective return-to-work (RTW) interventions are required. This pilot study investigates the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of a new therapist-assisted Web-based RTW intervention (Workable) for injured workers on sick leave for a psychological or physical injury. A single-group open pilot trial design was used, with assessments at pre-treatment and post-treatment. The intervention consisted of 6 weeks of online modules and 6 coaching calls from a psychologist. A total of 13 participants were recruited and 9 completed all questionnaires. Program adherence was high, with 92% of participants completing the 6-week intervention. Participants reported high levels of intervention satisfaction and ease of use. There were large and significant reductions between pre- and post-treatment on measures of depression, anxiety, stress, and workdays missed over the past four weeks, along with a significant increase in self-reported work ability. These results suggest that Workable is a feasible and acceptable intervention for injured workers, with the potential to improve mental health and RTW outcomes. A randomized controlled trial is required to determine the efficacy of the intervention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2017
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 30-07-2020
DOI: 10.5694/MJA2.50715
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.5694/MJA16.00295
Abstract: To assess changes in the prevalence rates of probable common mental disorders (CMDs) and in rates of disability support pensions (DSPs) for people with psychiatric disorders in Australia between 2001 and 2014. Secondary analysis of data from five successive Australian national health surveys of representative s les of the working age population (18-65 years of age) and national data on DSP recipients. Prevalence of probable CMDs with very high symptom level (defined by a Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K10] score of 30 or more) or with high symptom level (K10 score of 22 or more) the proportion of working age Australians receiving DSPs for psychiatric conditions. There was no change in the prevalence rate of probable CMDs with very high symptom levels between 2001 and 2014, but a slight decrease in the prevalence of probable CMDs with high symptoms levels, particularly among those under 45 years of age. Over the same period, the proportion of working age in iduals receiving DSPs for psychiatric conditions increased by 51% (for trend, P < 0.001), equivalent to one additional DSP for every 182 working age Australians. Contrary to popular belief, the prevalence of probable CMDs in Australia was stable between 2001 and 2014. However, the proportion of the working age population receiving DSPs for psychiatric conditions increased dramatically over the same period. This conundrum is a major public health problem that should be further examined.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2019.06.041
Abstract: Mental health problems are common within the working population. Depression is both highly prevalent and debilitating and is linked to increases in absenteeism and presenteeism. The use of summed depression scale scores may conceal differential impacts of depressive symptoms on absenteeism and presenteeism. We aimed to explore both the relationship between absenteeism and presenteeism and both depression severity, along with the independent contributions of different symptoms. Participants (N = 4953) were employees recruited as part of a larger study to evaluate a mental health smartphone app and were recruited via industry partner organisations and social media. Participants completed in-app assessment which included demographic information, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression tool, and items of the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. The relationship between depressive symptoms, absenteeism and presenteeism was estimated using both total summed scores and in idual symptoms of depression. Univariate linear regression confirmed a negative linear relationship between depression severity and presenteeism, which remained significant after controlling for age, gender, industry, and work position. Similarly, there was a statistically significant relationship between depression severity and the amount of mental health related sickness absence taken over the preceding 28 days. Johnson's relative weights analysis showed contributory differences amongst depression symptoms in relation to presenteeism and absenteeism. Significant relationships between depression severity and both absenteeism and presenteeism were present indicating increases in absence and decreases in performance with increasing severity. There existed differences amongst the contribution of specific symptoms of depression to both outcomes of interest. The symptoms that contribute most to absence were more behavioural in nature, whilst those contributing most to presenteeism were more cognitive. These findings have practical implications for clinicians and employers in making treatment and return-to-work decisions.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 28-03-2018
Abstract: ental health has become the leading cause of sickness absence in high-income countries. Managers can play an important role in establishing mentally healthy workplaces and coordinating their organization’s response to a mentally ill worker. his pilot study aims to evaluate the feasibility, usability, and likely effectiveness of a newly developed online training program for managers called HeadCoach. HeadCoach aims to build managers’ confidence in supporting the mental health needs of staff and promote managerial behavior most likely to result in a more mentally healthy workplace. n total, 66 managers from two organizations were invited to participate in this pre-post pilot study of HeadCoach, which was made available to managers to complete at their own pace over a 4-week period. Data were collected at baseline and post intervention via an online research platform. The difference in mean scores for each outcome between these two time points was calculated using paired s les t tests. f all the invited managers, 59.1% (39/66) participated in the trial, with complete pre–post data available for 56.4% (22/39) of the participants. The majority of respondents reported positive engagement with the program. During the study period, managers’ knowledge regarding their role in managing mental health issues (P=.01) and their confidence in communicating with employees regarding mental illness (P .001) significantly increased. In addition, a significant increase was observed from the baseline in managers’ self-reported actions to use strategies to prevent and decrease stress among their team members (P=.02). lthough caution is needed due to the absence of a control group, preliminary results of this study suggest that HeadCoach could be a feasible, acceptable, and efficient method of training managers in best workplace practices to help support the mental health needs of their staff.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 07-06-2021
DOI: 10.2196/23986
Abstract: Mental health and alcohol use problems are among the most common causes of disease burden in young Australians, frequently co-occur (comorbidity), and lead to significant lifetime burden. However, comorbidities remain significantly underdetected and undertreated in health settings. Digital mental health tools designed to identify at-risk in iduals, encourage help-seeking, or deliver treatment for comorbidity have the potential to address this service gap. However, despite a strong body of evidence that digital mental health programs provide an effective treatment option for a range of mental health and alcohol use problems in young adults, research shows that uptake rates can be low. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbidity. In this study, we seek to understand the factors that influence treatment satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes for young adults who access e–mental health interventions for comorbid alcohol and mood disorders. The aim is to determine the importance of personality (ie, Big Five personality traits and intervention attitudes), affective factors (ie, depression, anxiety, and stress levels), and baseline alcohol consumption in predicting intervention trial engagement at sign-up, satisfaction with the online tool, and quality of life at the end of the iTreAD (Internet Treatment for Alcohol and Depression) trial. Australian adults (N=411) aged between 18 and 30 years who screened positive for depression and alcohol use problems signed up for the iTreAD project between August 2014 and October 2015. During registration, participants provided information about their personality, current affective state, alcohol use, treatment expectations, and basic demographic information. Subsequent follow-up surveys were used to gauge the ongoing trial engagement. The last follow-up questionnaire, completed at 64 weeks, assessed participants’ satisfaction with web-based treatment and quality-of-life outcomes. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the relative influence of predictor variables on trial engagement, treatment satisfaction, and quality-of-life outcomes. The analyses revealed that the overall predictive effects of personality and affective factors were 20% or lower. Neuroticism constituted a unique predictor of engagement with the iTreAD study in that neuroticism facilitated the return of web-based self-assessments during the study. The return of incentivized follow-up assessments predicted treatment satisfaction, and state-based depression predicted variance in quality-of-life reports at study completion. Our findings suggest that traditional predictors of engagement observed in face-to-face research may not be easily transferable to digital health interventions, particularly those aimed at comorbid mental health concerns and alcohol misuse among young adults. More research is needed to identify what determines engagement in this population to optimally design and execute digital intervention studies with multiple treatment aims. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN): 12614000310662 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=365137& isReview=true. RR2-10.1186/s12889-015-2365-2
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1037/EDU0000582
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2017-020510
Abstract: Depression is the leading cause of life years lost due to disability. Appropriate prevention has the potential to reduce the incidence of new cases of depression, however, traditional prevention approaches face significant scalability issues. Prevention programmes delivered by via smartphone applications provide a potential solution. The workplace is an ideal setting to roll out this form of intervention, particularly among industries that are unlikely to access traditional health initiatives and whose workplace characteristics create accessibility and portability issues. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone application designed to prevent depression and improve well-being. The effectiveness of the app as a universal, selective and indicated prevention tool will also be evaluated. A multicentre randomised controlled trial, to determine the effectiveness of the intervention compared with an active mood monitoring control in reducing depressive symptoms (primary outcome) and the prevalence of depression at 3 months, with secondary outcomes assessing well-being and work performance. Employees from a range of industries will be invited to participate. Participants with likely current depression at baseline will be excluded. Following baseline assessment, participants, blinded to their allocation, will be randomised to receive one of two versions of the application: headgear (a 30-day mental health intervention) or a control application (mood monitoring for 30 days). Both versions of the app contain a risk calculator to provide a measure of future risk. Analyses will be conducted within an intention-to-treat framework using mixed modelling, with additional analyses conducted to compare the moderating effect of baseline risk level and depression symptom severity on the intervention’s effectiveness. The current trial has received ethics approval from the University of New South Wales Human Research Ethics Committee (HC17021). Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences. ACTRN12617000548336 Results.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 23-11-2017
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 04-12-2018
DOI: 10.2196/11661
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 23-03-2016
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.5178
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-05-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 24-08-2023
DOI: 10.2196/45963
Abstract: There is increasing evidence that depression can be prevented however, universal approaches have had limited success. Appropriate targeting of interventions to at-risk populations has been shown to have potential, but how to selectively determine at-risk in iduals remains unclear. Workplace stress is a risk factor for depression and a target for intervention, but few interventions exist to prevent depression among workers at risk due to heightened stress. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a smartphone-based intervention in reducing the onset of depression and improving related outcomes in workers experiencing at least moderate levels of stress. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants who were currently employed and reported no clinically significant depression and at least moderate stress. The intervention group (n=1053) were assigned Anchored, a 30-day self-directed smartphone app-based cognitive behavioral- and mindfulness-based intervention. The attention-control group (n=1031) were assigned a psychoeducation website. Assessment was performed via web-based self-report questionnaires at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month postbaseline time points. The primary outcome was new depression caseness aggregated over the follow-up period. The secondary outcomes included depressive and anxiety symptoms, stress, well-being, resilience, work performance, work-related burnout, and quality of life. Analyses were conducted within an intention-to-treat framework using mixed modeling. There was no significant between-group difference in new depression caseness (z score=0.69 P=.49) however, those in the Anchored arm had significantly greater depressive symptom reduction at 1 month (Cohen d=0.02 P=.049) and 6 months (Cohen d=0.08 P=.03). Anchored participants also showed significantly greater reduction in anxiety symptoms at 1 month (Cohen d=0.07 P=.04) and increased work performance at 1 month (Cohen d=0.07 P=.008) and 6 months (Cohen d=0.13 P=.01), compared with controls. Notably, for Anchored participants completing at least two-thirds of the intervention, there was a significantly lower rate of depression onset (1.1%, 95% CI 0.0%-3.7%) compared with controls (9.0%, 95% CI 6.8%-12.3%) at 1 month (z score=4.50 P .001). Significant small to medium effect sizes for most secondary outcomes were seen in the highly engaged Anchored users compared with controls, with effects maintained at the 6-month follow-up for depressive symptoms, well-being, stress, and quality of life. Anchored was associated with a small comparative reduction in depressive symptoms compared with controls, although selective prevention of case-level depression was not observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. When users adequately engaged with the app, significant findings pertaining to depression prevention, overall symptom reduction, and functional improvement were found, compared with controls. There is a need for a greater focus on engagement techniques in future research. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000178943 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378592
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2023
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-064758
Abstract: Mind-body exercise (MBE) interventions, such as yoga, are increasingly recognised as an adjunct treatment for trauma-related mental disorders but less is known about their efficacy as a preventative intervention. We aimed to systematically review if, and what type of, MBE interventions are effective at preventing the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or acute stress disorder (ASD) in trauma-exposed populations. Systematic review and meta-analysis. A systematic search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases was conducted to identify controlled trials of MBE interventions aimed at preventing the development of PTSD or ASD in high-risk populations. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias and ROBINS-I tools. Pooled effect sizes using Hedges’ g and 95% CIs were calculated using random effects modelling for the main meta-analysis and planned subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Six studies (N analysed=399) were included in the final meta-analysis. Overall, there was a small effect for MBE interventions in preventing the development of PTSD ( g=− 0.25, 95% CI −0.56 to 0.06) among those with previous or ongoing exposure to trauma. Although a prespecified subgroup analyses comparing the different types of MBE intervention were conducted, meaningful conclusions could not be drawn due to the small number of studies. None of the included studies assessed ASD symptoms. Limited evidence was found for MBE interventions in reducing PTSD symptomology in the short term. Findings must be interpreted with caution due to the small number of studies and possible publication bias. CRD42020180375
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-01-2023
Abstract: here is increasing evidence that depression can be prevented however, universal approaches have had limited success. Appropriate targeting of interventions to at-risk populations has been shown to have potential, but how to selectively determine at-risk in iduals remains unclear. Workplace stress is a risk factor for depression and a target for intervention, but few interventions exist to prevent depression among workers at risk due to heightened stress. his trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a smartphone-based intervention in reducing the onset of depression and improving related outcomes in workers experiencing at least moderate levels of stress. randomized controlled trial was conducted with participants who were currently employed and reported no clinically significant depression and at least moderate stress. The intervention group (n=1053) were assigned i Anchored /i , a 30-day self-directed smartphone app-based cognitive behavioral- and mindfulness-based intervention. The attention-control group (n=1031) were assigned a psychoeducation website. Assessment was performed via web-based self-report questionnaires at baseline and at 1-, 3-, and 6-month postbaseline time points. The primary outcome was new depression caseness aggregated over the follow-up period. The secondary outcomes included depressive and anxiety symptoms, stress, well-being, resilience, work performance, work-related burnout, and quality of life. Analyses were conducted within an intention-to-treat framework using mixed modeling. here was no significant between-group difference in new depression caseness ( i z /i score=0.69 i P /i =.49) however, those in the i Anchored /i arm had significantly greater depressive symptom reduction at 1 month (Cohen i d /i =0.02 i P /i =.049) and 6 months (Cohen i d /i =0.08 i P /i =.03). i Anchored /i participants also showed significantly greater reduction in anxiety symptoms at 1 month (Cohen i d /i =0.07 i P /i =.04) and increased work performance at 1 month (Cohen i d /i =0.07 i P /i =.008) and 6 months (Cohen i d /i =0.13 i P /i =.01), compared with controls. Notably, for i Anchored /i participants completing at least two-thirds of the intervention, there was a significantly lower rate of depression onset (1.1%, 95% CI 0.0%-3.7%) compared with controls (9.0%, 95% CI 6.8%-12.3%) at 1 month ( i z /i score=4.50 i P /i & .001). Significant small to medium effect sizes for most secondary outcomes were seen in the highly engaged i Anchored /i users compared with controls, with effects maintained at the 6-month follow-up for depressive symptoms, well-being, stress, and quality of life. lt i Anchored /i was associated with a small comparative reduction in depressive symptoms compared with controls, although selective prevention of case-level depression was not observed in the intention-to-treat analysis. When users adequately engaged with the app, significant findings pertaining to depression prevention, overall symptom reduction, and functional improvement were found, compared with controls. There is a need for a greater focus on engagement techniques in future research. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12620000178943 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378592
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 04-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-12-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-14858-3
Abstract: Unemployment is known to involve various psychosocial challenges that can negatively impact mental health. However, the intricacies of how in iduals experience these challenges and strive to cope within the context of varied sociocultural and in iduating factors, remain comparatively understudied. The present qualitative study used an interpretative phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of mental health and coping during unemployment. Fifteen Australian adults who had recently experienced unemployment (for ≥3 months in the last 2 years), despite being available for and able to work, participated in semi-structured interviews from August to September 2021. Maximum variation s ling ensured participants represented erse sociodemographic backgrounds. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis within NVivo12 software. Four major themes were identified: 1) disrupted identity and direction in life 2) navigating conflicting views of contribution and progress 3) knowing how to cope is not enough and 4) unemployment as a catalyst for new understandings. Unemployment disrupted participants’ sense of purpose, identity and visions for the future. It signified a perceived failure to meet societal standards of value based upon the economic functions of work, which participants struggled to reconcile with their own priorities for work that satisfied psychosocial needs. Participants were aware of effective coping strategies, although these had mixed positive and negative effects on mental health, or were difficult to mobilise during unemployment. The COVID-19 pandemic, while normalising unemployment to some degree, exacerbated future uncertainty and prevented engagement with known coping strategies (e.g., social interaction). However, unemployment could also instigate growth through re-defining markers of achievement, re-aligning goals with one’s core values, and developing greater compassion. Experiences of mental health and coping during unemployment share complex relationships both with each other and with broader personal and sociocultural contexts. Service providers may better meet the mental health needs of those experiencing unemployment by balancing the economic and psychosocial functions of work, understanding that coping is a wholistic issue that goes beyond knowledge of effective strategies, and being aware of the opportunities for self-development that unemployment can create.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-06-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00127-018-1539-5
Abstract: There is increasing concern regarding the mental health impact of first responder work, with some reports suggesting ambulance personnel may be at particularly high risk. Through this systematic review and meta-analysis we aimed to determine the prevalence of mental health conditions among ambulance personnel worldwide. A systematic search and screening process was conducted to identify studies for inclusion in the review. To be eligible, studies had to report original quantitative data on the prevalence of at least one of the following mental health outcome(s) of interest (PTSD, depression, anxiety, general psychological distress) for ambulance personnel s les. Quality of the studies was assessed using a validated methodological rating tool. Random effects modelling was used to estimate pooled prevalence, as well as subgroup analyses and meta-regressions for five variables implicated in heterogeneity. In total, 941 articles were identified across all sources, with 95 full-text articles screened to confirm eligibility. Of these, 27 studies were included in the systematic review, reporting on a total of 30,878 ambulance personnel. A total of 18 studies provided necessary quantitative information and were retained for entry in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated estimated prevalence rates of 11% for PTSD, 15% for depression, 15% for anxiety, and 27% for general psychological distress amongst ambulance personnel, with date of data collection a significant influence upon observed heterogeneity. Ambulance personnel worldwide have a prevalence of PTSD considerably higher than rates seen in the general population, although there is some evidence that rates of PTSD may have decreased over recent decades.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 25-07-2018
Abstract: he workplace represents a unique setting for mental health interventions. Due to range of job-related factors, employees in male-dominated industries are at an elevated risk. However, these at-risk groups are often overlooked. HeadGear is a smartphone app–based intervention designed to reduce depressive symptoms and increase well-being in these populations. his paper presents the development and pilot testing of the app’s usability, acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effectiveness. he development process took place from January 2016 to August 2017. Participants for prototype testing (n=21 stage 1) were recruited from industry partner organizations to assess acceptability and utility. A 5-week effectiveness and feasibility pilot study (n=84 stage 2) was then undertaken, utilizing social media recruitment. Demographic data, acceptability and utility questionnaires, depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and other mental health measures were collected. he majority of respondents felt HeadGear was easy to use (92%), easily understood (92%), were satisfied with the app (67%), and would recommend it to a friend (75% stage 1). Stage 2 found that compared with baseline, depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly lower at follow-up (t30=2.53 P=.02 and t30=2.18 P=.04, respectively), days of sick leave in past month (t28=2.38 P=.02), and higher self-reported job performance (t28=−2.09 P=.046 stage 2). Over 90% of respondents claimed it helped improve their mental fitness, and user feedback was again positive. Attrition was high across the stages. verall, HeadGear was well received, and preliminary findings indicate it may provide an innovative new platform for improving mental health outcomes. Unfortunately, attrition was a significant issue, and findings should be interpreted with caution. The next stage of evaluation will be a randomized controlled trial. If found to be efficacious, the app has the potential to reduce disease burden and improve health in this at-risk group.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2011
DOI: 10.3109/00048674.2011.614590
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to report nationally representative data on the prevalence and patterns of 12 month comorbidity of chronic physical conditions (diabetes, asthma, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, arthritis) and DSM-IV affective and anxiety disorders in Australian adults. Method: The 2007 National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB) was a nationally representative household survey of 8841 Australian adults (16–85 years) assessing symptoms of ICD-10 mental disorders and the presence of chronic physical conditions. Results: Prevalence of at least one National Health Priority Area chronic physical condition was 32.2% (95%CI = 30.9%–33.5%). Among those with chronic physical conditions 21.9% had an affective or anxiety disorder. Affective and anxiety disorders were more common among people with physical conditions than among people without chronic physical conditions (affective OR 1.5 anxiety OR 1.8). Of those with a 12 month affective or anxiety disorder, 45.6% had a chronic physical condition. Physical disorders were more common in those with an affective or anxiety disorder than among people without an affective or anxiety disorder (affective OR 1.6 anxiety OR 2.0). Disability was high in those with an anxiety disorder, an affective disorder and a physical condition and 43.4% were classified as high service users. Conclusions: Comorbidity between chronic physical conditions and affective and anxiety disorders is widespread and is associated with high levels of disability and service use.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 21-12-2020
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-07-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720002081
Abstract: There is evidence that depression can be prevented however, traditional approaches face significant scalability issues. Digital technologies provide a potential solution, although this has not been adequately tested. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a new smartphone app designed to reduce depression symptoms and subsequent incident depression amongst a large group of Australian workers. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with follow-up assessments at 5 weeks and 3 and 12 months post-baseline. Participants were employed Australians reporting no clinically significant depression. The intervention group ( N = 1128) was allocated to use HeadGear , a smartphone app which included a 30-day behavioural activation and mindfulness intervention. The attention-control group ( N = 1143) used an app which included a 30-day mood monitoring component. The primary outcome was the level of depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9) at 3-month follow-up. Analyses were conducted within an intention-to-treat framework using mixed modelling. Those assigned to the HeadGear arm had fewer depressive symptoms over the course of the trial compared to those assigned to the control ( F 3,734.7 = 2.98, p = 0.031). Prevalence of depression over the 12-month period was 8.0% and 3.5% for controls and HeadGear recipients, respectively, with odds of depression caseness amongst the intervention group of 0.43 ( p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.26–0.70). This trial demonstrates that a smartphone app can reduce depression symptoms and potentially prevent incident depression caseness and such interventions may have a role in improving working population mental health. Some caution in interpretation is needed regarding the clinical significance due to small effect size and trial attrition. Trial Registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( www.anzctr.org.au/ ) ACTRN12617000548336
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 27-02-2014
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.3192
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-03-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1556-4029.2012.02117.X
Abstract: All cases presenting to the New South Wales Department of Forensic Medicine between January 1, 2001 and September 31, 2010 in which zolpidem was detected, were retrieved. A total of 91 cases were identified. The mean age was 49.4 years, 65.9% were male, and 61.5% were suicides. Zolpidem was a factor contributing to death in 35 (37.3%) cases, of which 31 (34.1%) involved zolpidem toxicity. The median blood zolpidem concentration was 0.20 mg/L (range 0.05-3.50 mg/L), with no significant gender difference. Drug toxicity cases involving zolpidem had significantly higher median blood zolpidem concentrations than other cases (0.50 vs. 0.10 mg/L). In 83.5% of cases, psychoactive substances other than zolpidem were detected, most commonly antidepressants (46.2%), benzodiazepines (35.2%), opioids (26.4%), and alcohol (39.6%). In summary, zolpidem was a factor contributing to death in a large proportion of cases, predominately involving drug toxicity and suicide.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 18-08-2022
DOI: 10.2196/35661
Abstract: Apprenticeships are a common pathway for young people transitioning into the workforce. Apprentices often face many employment-related challenges and have high levels of psychological distress, drug and alcohol use, and suicidal ideation. Little is known about the attitudes of apprentices toward using smartphone apps to support their mental health and the content that would engage them. This study explored (1) apprentices’ interest in using an app to support their mental health and (2) the healthy coping strategies used to manage their mental well-being in the face of workplace challenges, in order to inform future app content. A mixed methods study was conducted with 54 apprentices (50/54 male, 93%) with a mean age of 22.7 (SD 5.7) years. Participants completed a survey on preferred ways of using an app to support mental health. Across 8 focus groups, participants were asked to describe healthy strategies they used to cope with occupational stressors. Only 11% (6/54) of participants currently used a well-being app, but there was high interest in using an app to support their friends (47/54 participants, 87%) and develop self-help strategies to manage or prevent mental health issues (42/54 participants, 78%). Four major types of coping behaviors were identified: (1) social connection for disclosure, advice, and socializing (2) pleasurable activities, such as engaging in hobbies, time-outs, and developing work-life separation (3) cognitive approaches, including defusing from thoughts and cognitive reframing and (4) self-care approaches, including exercise, a healthy diet, and getting adequate sleep. There is interest among apprentices to use an app with a positive well-being focus that helps them to develop self-management skills and support their friends. Apprentices utilized a range of healthy behaviors to cope with workplace stressors that can be incorporated into mental health apps to improve uptake and engagement. However, many of the preferred coping strategies identified are not those focused on by currently available apps, indicating the need for more targeted digital interventions for this group.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-10-2021
Abstract: Anxiety and depression account for considerable cost to organizations, driven by both presenteeism (reduced performance due to attending work while ill) and absenteeism. Most research has focused on the impact of depression, with less attention given to anxiety and comorbid presentations. To explore the cross-sectional relationship between depression and anxiety (in idually and comorbidly) on workplace performance and sickness absence. As part of a larger study to evaluate a mental health app, 4953 working Australians were recruited. Participants completed in-app assessment including demographic questions, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, two-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder and questions from the World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire. Cut-off scores were used to establish probable cases of depression alone, anxiety alone and comorbidity. Of the total s le, 7% met cut-off for depression only, 13% anxiety only, while 16% were comorbid. Those with comorbidity reported greater symptom severity, poorer work performance and more sickness absence compared to all other groups. Presenteeism and absenteeism were significantly worse in those with depression only and anxiety only compared to those with non-clinical symptom levels. Although those with depression alone tended to have poorer outcomes than the anxiety-only group, when s le prevalence rates were considered, the impact on presenteeism was comparable. Workplace functioning is heavily impacted by depression and anxiety both independently and where they co-occur. While comorbidity and more severe depression presentations stand out as impairing, workplace interventions should also prioritize targeting of anxiety disorders (and associated presenteeism) given their high population prevalence.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 23-11-2017
Abstract: iven the widespread availability of mental health screening apps, providing personalized feedback may encourage people at high risk to seek help to manage their symptoms. While apps typically provide personal score feedback only, feedback types that are user-friendly and increase personal relevance may encourage further help-seeking. he aim of this study was to compare the effects of providing normative and humor-driven feedback on immediate online help-seeking, defined as clicking on a link to an external resource, and to explore demographic predictors that encourage help-seeking. n online s le of 549 adults were recruited using social media advertisements. Participants downloaded a smartphone app known as “Mindgauge” which allowed them to screen their mental wellbeing by completing standardized measures on Symptoms (Kessler 6-item Scale), Wellbeing (World Health Organization [Five] Wellbeing Index), and Resilience (Brief Resilience Scale). Participants were randomized to receive normative feedback that compared their scores to a reference group or humor-driven feedback that presented their scores in a relaxed manner. Those who scored in the moderate or poor ranges in any measure were encouraged to seek help by clicking on a link to an external online resource. total of 318 participants scored poorly on one or more measures and were provided with an external link after being randomized to receive normative or humor-driven feedback. There was no significant difference of feedback type on clicking on the external link across all measures. A larger proportion of participants from the Wellbeing measure (170/274, 62.0%) clicked on the links than the Resilience (47/179, 26.3%) or Symptoms (26/75, 34.7%) measures (χ2=60.35, P .001). There were no significant demographic factors associated with help-seeking for the Resilience or Wellbeing measures. Participants with a previous episode of poor mental health were less likely than those without such history to click on the external link in the Symptoms measure (P=.003, odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% CI 0.02-0.44), and younger adults were less likely to click on the link compared to older adults across all measures (P=.005, OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.25-0.78). his pilot study found that there was no difference between normative and humor-driven feedback on promoting immediate clicks to an external resource, suggesting no impact on online help-seeking. Limitations included: lack of personal score control group, limited measures of predictors and potential confounders, and the fact that other forms of professional help-seeking were not assessed. Further investigation into other predictors and factors that impact on help-seeking is needed. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12616000707460 www.anzctr.org.au/ Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370187 (Archived by WebCite at y8m8sVxr)
Location: United States of America
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United States of America
Start Date: 05-2020
End Date: 08-2023
Amount: $411,343.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity