ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7603-6152
Current Organisation
Universidade de São Paulo
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1590/S1807-59322007000400002
Abstract: To evaluate the feasibility of using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) program for an automated, voxel-by-voxel assessment of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects relative to age-matched controls studied with a conventional, single-detector SPECT system. We used a databank of 99mTc-HMPAO images of 19 patients with a diagnosis of probable AD and 15 elderly healthy volunteers data were acquired using an Orbiter-Siemens single-detector SPECT system. Using SPM, images were transformed spatially, smoothed (12mm), and the data were compared on a voxel-by-voxel basis with t-tests. There were significant rCBF reductions in AD patients relative to controls involving regions predicted a priori to be affected in AD, namely the left temporal and parietal neocortices, and the right posterior cingulate gyrus (p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons). The location of rCBF reductions in AD subjects in our study is consistent with the deficits detected in previous functional imaging studies of AD using higher-resolution devices. This suggests the potential usefulness of using SPM for the analysis of data acquired with single-detector SPECT systems, despite the limited sensitivity and spatial resolution of such equipment.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-06-2010
DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2010.486042
Abstract: The extent to which psychotic disorders fall into distinct diagnostic categories or can be regarded as lying on a single continuum is controversial. We compared lateral ventricle volumes between a large s le of patients with first-episode schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and a healthy control group from the same neighbourhood. Population-based MRI study with 88 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, grouped into those with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder (N=62), bipolar disorder (N=26) and 94 controls. Right and left lateral ventricular and right temporal horn volumes were larger in FEP subjects than controls. Within the FEP s le, post-hoc tests revealed larger left lateral ventricles and larger right and left temporal horns in schizophrenia subjects relative to controls, while there was no difference between patients with bipolar disorder and controls. None of the findings was attributable to effects of antipsychotics. This large-s le population-based MRI study showed that neuroanatomical abnormalities in subjects with schizophrenia relative to controls from the same neighbourhood are evident at the first episode of illness, but are not detectable in bipolar disorder patients. These data are consistent with a model of psychosis in which early brain insults of neurodevelopmental origin are more relevant to schizophrenia than to bipolar disorder.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 12-2007
Abstract: In low-and middle-income countries people with schizophrenia are reported to experience better outcomes than those in high-income countries To examine structural brain differences in people with first-episode psychosis and controls in Brazil Magnetic resonance imaging using voxel-based morphometry was performed on 122 people with first-episode psychosis and 94 controls There were significant decreases in grey matter in the left superior temporal and inferior prefrontal cortices, insula bilaterally and the right hippoc al region in first-episode psychosis ( P .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). The subgroup of people with schizophrenia ( n =62) exhibited a similar pattern of decrease in grey matter relative to controls Structural abnormalities reported in psychosis in high-income countries are also present in first-episode psychosis in Brazil
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 08-05-2023
Abstract: Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women’s worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 s les from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women’s brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROBIOLAGING.2009.11.004
Abstract: To compare the volume of the hippoc us and parahippoc al gyrus in elderly in iduals with and without depressive disorders, and to determine whether the volumes of these regions correlate with scores on memory tests. Clinical and demographic differences, as well as differences in regional gray matter volumes, were assessed in 48 elderly patients with depressive disorders and 31 control subjects. Brain (structural MRI) scans were processed using statistical parametric mapping and voxel-based morphometry. Cognitive tests were administered to subjects in both groups. There were no between-group gray matter volume differences in the hippoc us or parahippoc al gyrus. In the elderly depressed group only, the volume of the left parahippoc al gyrus correlated with scores on the delayed naming portion of the visual-verbal learning test. There were also significant direct correlations in depressed subjects between the volumes of the left hippoc us, right and left parahippoc al gyrus and immediate recall scores on verbal episodic memory tests and visual learning tests. In the control group, there were direct correlations only between overall cognitive performance (as assessed with the MMSE) and the volume of right hippoc us, and between the total score on the visual-verbal learning test and the volume of the right and left parahippoc al gyrus. These findings highlight different patterns of relationship between cognitive performance and volumes of medial temporal structures in depressed in iduals and healthy elderly subjects. The direct correlation between delayed visual-verbal memory recall scores with left parahippoc al volumes specifically in elderly depressed in iduals provides support to the view that depression in elderly populations may be a risk factor for dementia.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 15-05-2018
Abstract: Left–right asymmetry is a key feature of the human brain's structure and function. It remains unclear which cortical regions are asymmetrical on average in the population and how biological factors such as age, sex, and genetic variation affect these asymmetries. Here, we describe by far the largest-ever study of cerebral cortical asymmetry, based on data from 17,141 participants. We found a global anterior–posterior “torque” pattern in cortical thickness, together with various regional asymmetries at the population level, which have not been previously described, as well as effects of age, sex, and heritability estimates. From these data, we have created an online resource that will serve future studies of human brain anatomy in health and disease.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-13005-8
Abstract: Altered structural brain asymmetry in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been reported. However, findings have been inconsistent, likely due to limited s le sizes. Here we investigated 1,774 in iduals with ASD and 1,809 controls, from 54 independent data sets of the ENIGMA consortium. ASD was significantly associated with alterations of cortical thickness asymmetry in mostly medial frontal, orbitofrontal, cingulate and inferior temporal areas, and also with asymmetry of orbitofrontal surface area. These differences generally involved reduced asymmetry in in iduals with ASD compared to controls. Furthermore, putamen volume asymmetry was significantly increased in ASD. The largest case-control effect size was Cohen’s d = −0.13, for asymmetry of superior frontal cortical thickness. Most effects did not depend on age, sex, IQ, severity or medication use. Altered lateralized neurodevelopment may therefore be a feature of ASD, affecting widespread brain regions with erse functions. Large-scale analysis was necessary to quantify subtle alterations of brain structural asymmetry in ASD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41380-020-0754-0
Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in adult MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multicenter international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 19 s les worldwide. Healthy brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (18–75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 952 male and 1236 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model coefficients were applied to 927 male controls and 986 depressed males, and 1199 female controls and 1689 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted “brain age” and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD). On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +1.08 (SE 0.22) years (Cohen’s d = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.08–0.20) compared with controls. However, this difference did not seem to be driven by specific clinical characteristics (recurrent status, remission status, antidepressant medication use, age of onset, or symptom severity). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of age-related structural brain abnormalities in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the clinical value of these brain-PAD estimates.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-05-2017
DOI: 10.1038/MP.2017.73
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41380-022-01452-7
Abstract: Small average differences in the left-right asymmetry of cerebral cortical thickness have been reported in in iduals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to typically developing controls, affecting widespread cortical regions. The possible impacts of these regional alterations in terms of structural network effects have not previously been characterized. Inter-regional morphological covariance analysis can capture network connectivity between different cortical areas at the macroscale level. Here, we used cortical thickness data from 1455 in iduals with ASD and 1560 controls, across 43 independent datasets of the ENIGMA consortium’s ASD Working Group, to assess hemispheric asymmetries of intra-in idual structural covariance networks, using graph theory-based topological metrics. Compared with typical features of small-world architecture in controls, the ASD s le showed significantly altered average asymmetry of networks involving the fusiform, rostral middle frontal, and medial orbitofrontal cortex, involving higher randomization of the corresponding right-hemispheric networks in ASD. A network involving the superior frontal cortex showed decreased right-hemisphere randomization. Based on comparisons with meta-analyzed functional neuroimaging data, the altered connectivity asymmetry particularly affected networks that subserve executive functions, language-related and sensorimotor processes. These findings provide a network-level characterization of altered left-right brain asymmetry in ASD, based on a large combined s le. Altered asymmetrical brain development in ASD may be partly propagated among spatially distant regions through structural connectivity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/HBM.25154
Abstract: The problem of poor reproducibility of scientific findings has received much attention over recent years, in a variety of fields including psychology and neuroscience. The problem has been partly attributed to publication bias and unwanted practices such as p ‐hacking. Low statistical power in in idual studies is also understood to be an important factor. In a recent multisite collaborative study, we mapped brain anatomical left–right asymmetries for regional measures of surface area and cortical thickness, in 99 MRI datasets from around the world, for a total of over 17,000 participants. In the present study, we revisited these hemispheric effects from the perspective of reproducibility. Within each dataset, we considered that an effect had been reproduced when it matched the meta‐analytic effect from the 98 other datasets, in terms of effect direction and significance threshold. In this sense, the results within each dataset were viewed as coming from separate studies in an “ideal publishing environment,” that is, free from selective reporting and p hacking. We found an average reproducibility rate of 63.2% ( SD = 22.9%, min = 22.2%, max = 97.0%). As expected, reproducibility was higher for larger effects and in larger datasets. Reproducibility was not obviously related to the age of participants, scanner field strength, FreeSurfer software version, cortical regional measurement reliability, or regional size. These findings constitute an empirical illustration of reproducibility in the absence of publication bias or p hacking, when assessing realistic biological effects in heterogeneous neuroscience data, and given typically‐used s le sizes.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-12-2010
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291710002163
Abstract: Some neuroimaging studies have supported the hypothesis of progressive brain changes after a first episode of psychosis. We aimed to determine whether (i) first-episode psychosis patients would exhibit more pronounced brain volumetric changes than controls over time and (ii) illness course/treatment would relate to those changes. Longitudinal regional grey matter volume and ventricle:brain ratio differences between 39 patients with first-episode psychosis (including schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder) and 52 non-psychotic controls enrolled in a population-based case-control study. While there was no longitudinal difference in ventricle:brain ratios between first-episode psychosis subjects and controls, patients exhibited grey matter volume changes, indicating a reversible course in the superior temporal cortex and hippoc us compared with controls. A remitting course was related to reversal of baseline temporal grey matter deficits. Our findings do not support the hypothesis of brain changes indicating a progressive course in the initial phase of psychosis. Rather, some brain volume abnormalities may be reversible, possibly associated with a better illness course.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 26-02-2019
DOI: 10.1101/560623
Abstract: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with an increased risk of brain atrophy, aging-related diseases, and mortality. We examined potential advanced brain aging in MDD patients, and whether this process is associated with clinical characteristics in a large multi-center international dataset. We performed a mega-analysis by pooling brain measures derived from T1-weighted MRI scans from 29 s les worldwide. Normative brain aging was estimated by predicting chronological age (10-75 years) from 7 subcortical volumes, 34 cortical thickness and 34 surface area, lateral ventricles and total intracranial volume measures separately in 1,147 male and 1,386 female controls from the ENIGMA MDD working group. The learned model parameters were applied to 1,089 male controls and 1,167 depressed males, and 1,326 female controls and 2,044 depressed females to obtain independent unbiased brain-based age predictions. The difference between predicted “brain age” and chronological age was calculated to indicate brain predicted age difference (brain-PAD). On average, MDD patients showed a higher brain-PAD of +0.90 (SE 0.21) years (Cohen’s d=0.12, 95% CI 0.06-0.17) compared to controls. Relative to controls, first-episode and currently depressed patients showed higher brain-PAD (+1.2 [0.3] years), and the largest effect was observed in those with late-onset depression (+1.7 [0.7] years). In addition, higher brain-PAD was associated with higher self-reported depressive symptomatology (b=0.05, p=0.004). This highly powered collaborative effort showed subtle patterns of abnormal structural brain aging in MDD. Substantial within-group variance and overlap between groups were observed. Longitudinal studies of MDD and somatic health outcomes are needed to further assess the predictive value of these brain-PAD estimates. This work was supported, in part, by NIH grants U54 EB020403 and R01 MH116147.
Location: No location found
No related grants have been discovered for Fabio Luis Souza-Duran.