ORCID Profile
0000-0003-3116-6022
Current Organisations
North Carolina State University
,
International Institute for Primary Health Care Research
,
Australian National University
,
Federation University
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2003
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-04-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1996
Publisher: International Scientific Information, Inc.
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.892537
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10899-014-9449-2
Abstract: Toce-Gerstein et al. (Addiction 98:1661-1672, 2003) investigated the distribution of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) pathological gambling criteria endorsement in a U.S. community s le for those people endorsing a least one of the DSM-IV criteria (n = 399). They proposed a hierarchy of gambling disorders where endorsement of 1-2 criteria were deemed 'At-Risk', 3-4 'Problem gamblers', 5-7 'Low Pathological', and 8-10 'High Pathological' gamblers. This article examines these claims in a larger Australian treatment seeking population. Data from 4,349 clients attending specialist problem gambling services were assessed for meeting the ten DSM-IV pathological gambling criteria. Results found higher overall criteria endorsement frequencies, three components, a direct relationship between criteria endorsement and gambling severity, clustering of criteria similar to the Toce-Gerstein et al. taxonomy, high accuracy scores for numerical and criteria specific taxonomies, and also high accuracy scores for dichotomous pathological gambling diagnoses. These results suggest significant complexities in the frequencies of criteria reports and relationships between criteria.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-12-2016
Abstract: This study provides a systematic review of the empirical evidence related to the association between problem gambling and intimate partner violence (IPV). We identified 14 available studies in the systematic search (8 for victimisation only, 4 for perpetration only and 2 for both victimisation and perpetration). Although there were some equivocal findings, we found that most of the available research suggests that there is a significant relationship between problem gambling and being a victim of IPV. There was more consistent evidence that there is a significant relationship between problem gambling and perpetration of IPV. Meta-analyses revealed that over one third of problem gamblers report being victims of physical IPV (38.1%) or perpetrators of physical IPV (36.5%) and that the prevalence of problem gambling in IPV perpetrators is 11.3%. Although the exact nature of the relationships between problem gambling and IPV is yet to be determined, the findings suggest that less than full employment and clinical anger problems are implicated in the relationship between problem gambling and IPV victimization and that younger age, less than full employment, clinical anger problems, impulsivity, and alcohol and substance use are implicated in the relationship between problem gambling and IPV perpetration. The findings highlight the need for treatment services to undertake routine screening and assessment of problem gambling, IPV, alcohol and substance use problems, and mental health issues and provide interventions designed to manage this cluster of comorbid conditions. Further research is also required to investigate the relationship between problem gambling and violence that extends into the family beyond intimate partners.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-06-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X09008617
Abstract: Inactivity has been identified as a major contributor to the burden of disease among older Australians, particularly those in culturally- erse communities. This study assessed the facilitators and barriers to physical activity in older people from culturally- erse communities, and investigated the predictors of physical activity participation by recruiting 333 older people from seven different communities in the western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. A survey questionnaire that recorded physical activity and the barriers to and facilitators of activity was interviewer-administered in the participants' preferred language. The data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate inferential statistical methods. Personal barriers to physical activity, such as poor health, lacking the energy to exercise, being too tired and low motivation, were highly prevalent in all groups. Specific factors, such as ‘being self-conscious about my looks’, were more prevalent among the Vietnamese, as were concerns about the weather among Macedonians and Croatians. Across all groups, perceptions of health and safety strongly influenced physical activity behaviour, more so than the external environment. Some of the barriers can be addressed with a common approach, but others in some communities will require particular strategies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-07-2017
DOI: 10.1002/HPM.2373
Abstract: In 2005, the Central Board for Accreditation of Healthcare Institutions (CBAHI) was launched in Saudi Arabia in order to improve the quality of care. By 2010, the first hospital was accredited by CBAHI, followed by many hospitals in following years. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of CBAHI on quality of care. In this study we used a mixed methods approach involving surveys, documentary analyses and semi-structure interviews. Surveys data were collected from 669 staff. Documentary analyses included mortality, infection and length of stay. The semi-structure interview data were gathered from 12 senior managers. Data were collected from three accredited public hospitals. Although some improvements in procedure were recognised, CBAHI does not monitor the continuity of health care delivery and had no effect on quality outcomes in our analysis. This study illustrates a need to sustain improvements over time in the accreditation cycle. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1986
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-09-2022
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-09-2018
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.07.006
Abstract: The primary aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and patterns of family violence in treatment-seeking problem gamblers. Secondary aims were to identify the prevalence of problem gambling in a family violence victimisation treatment s le and to explore the relationship between problem gambling and family violence in other treatment-seeking s les. Clients from 15 Australian treatment services were systematically screened for problem gambling using the Brief Bio-Social Gambling Screen and for family violence using single victimisation and perpetration items adapted from the Hurt-Insulted-Threatened-Screamed (HITS): gambling services (n=463), family violence services (n=95), alcohol and drug services (n=47), mental health services (n=51), and financial counselling services (n=48). The prevalence of family violence in the gambling s le was 33.9% (11.0% victimisation only, 6.9% perpetration only, and 16.0% both victimisation and perpetration). Female gamblers were significantly more likely to report victimisation only (16.5% cf. 7.8%) and both victimisation and perpetration (21.2% cf. 13.0%) than male gamblers. There were no other demographic differences in family violence prevalence estimates. Gamblers most commonly endorsed their parents as both the perpetrators and victims of family violence, followed by current and former partners. The prevalence of problem gambling in the family violence s le was 2.2%. The alcohol and drug (84.0%) and mental health (61.6%) s les reported significantly higher rates of any family violence than the gambling s le, while the financial counselling s le (10.6%) reported significantly higher rates of problem gambling than the family violence s le. The findings of this study support substantial comorbidity between problem gambling and family violence, although this may be accounted for by a high comorbidity with alcohol and drug use problems and other psychiatric disorders. They highlight the need for routine screening, assessment and management of problem gambling and family violence in a range of services.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 13-09-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-04-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-1991
DOI: 10.1017/S0813483900006756
Abstract: Twenty-two subjects diagnosed as having an occupationally related injury to the connective tissues, joints or muscles of the hands, arms, neck, shoulders or upper back were included in an experimental study which investigated the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural and movement-retraining program for reducing anxiety, depression, pain and disruption of activities by pain. Group and single case analyses indicated that the intervention program was associated with reductions in pain and the extent to which pain disrupted activities of daily living for some subjects, but program effects did not maintain over time.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-08-2013
DOI: 10.1017/DMP.2013.82
Abstract: Previous research has identified gaps in pandemic response planning for primary care. Identifying the challenges that general practitioners (GPs) face during public health crises of infectious diseases will help to improve prepandemic planning. In this integrative systematic review, we identified research-based evidence to (1) challenges that GPs have when participating in pandemics or epidemics and (2) whether GPs from different countries encountered different challenges. A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses databases during October to November 2012 to identify studies relevant to experience by GPs during epidemics or pandemics. Six quantitative, 2 mixed method, and 2 qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. The challenges identified were not exclusive to specific countries and encompassed different responses to outbreaks. These challenges included difficulties with information access supply and use of personal protective equipment performing public health responsibilities obtaining support from the authorities appropriate training and the emotional effects of participating in the response to an infectious disease with unknown characteristics and lethality. GPs’ response to public health crises in different countries presents potential for improving pandemic preparedness. ( Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness . 2013 :1-12)
Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-07-2019
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2017.09.003
Abstract: The risk for developing a gambling problem is greater among offspring who have a problem gambling parent, yet little research has directly examined the mechanisms by which this transmission of problem gambling occurs. For this reason, the present study sought to examine the degree to which children's expectancies and motives relating to gambling explain, at least in part, the intergenerational transmission of problem gambling. Participants (N=524 56.5% male) were recruited from educational institutions, and retrospectively reported on parental problem gambling. Problem gambling was measured using the Problem Gambling Severity Index and a range of positive and negative expectancies and gambling motives were explored as potential mediators of the relationship between parent-and-participant problem gambling. The relationship between parent-and-participant problem gambling was significant, and remained so after controlling for sociodemographic factors and administration method. Significant mediators of this relationship included self-enhancement expectancies (feeling in control), money expectancies (financial gain), over-involvement (preoccupation with gambling) and emotional impact expectancies (guilt, shame, and loss), as well as enhancement motives (gambling to increase positive feelings) and coping motives (gambling to reduce or avoid negative emotions). All mediators remained significant when entered into the same model. The findings highlight that gambling expectancies and motives present unique pathways to the development of problem gambling in the offspring of problem gambling parents, and suggest that gambling cognitions may be potential candidates for targeted interventions for the offspring of problem gamblers.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1995
DOI: 10.1177/0272989X9501500109
Abstract: Two studies are reported that together demonstrate that a rigorous protocol of cue elicitation employing behavioral observations of actual clinical behavior can be rewarded with powerful policy capturing in social judgment theory experiments. The decision policies of 16 clinical audiologists were derived in a study of the decision to recommend hearing-aid lification. Using discriminant function analysis for each judge, the percentage correct classification rates for the hearing-aid recommendation criterion variable for all judges were high, with an average correct rate of 89.9%, despite widely ergent recommendation rates (21.4% to 87.1 %) associated with in idual decision behaviors. Key words: judgment clinical decision making representative design cue elicitation audiologist policies hearing aids. (Med Decis Making 1995 :58-64)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2005
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-04-2019
DOI: 10.3390/BIOENGINEERING6020033
Abstract: To evaluate the possibilities for biofuel and bioenergy production Acacia Holosericea, which is an invasive plant available in Brunei Darussalam, was investigated. Proximate analysis of Acacia Holosericea shows that the moisture content, volatile matters, fixed carbon, and ash contents were 9.56%, 65.12%, 21.21%, and 3.91%, respectively. Ultimate analysis shows carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as 44.03%, 5.67%, and 0.25%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results have shown that maximum weight loss occurred for this biomass at 357 °C for pyrolysis and 287 °C for combustion conditions. Low moisture content ( %), high hydrogen content, and higher heating value (about 18.13 MJ/kg) makes this species a potential biomass. The production of bio-char, bio-oil, and biogas from Acacia Holosericea was found 34.45%, 32.56%, 33.09% for 500 °C with a heating rate 5 °C/min and 25.81%, 37.61%, 36.58% with a heating rate 10 °C/min, respectively, in this research. From Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy it was shown that a strong C–H, C–O, and C=C bond exists in the bio-char of the s le.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-03-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S10899-018-9768-9
Abstract: While the evidence about the statistical co-occurrence of family violence and problem gambling is growing, the mechanism by which the two behaviours are related is less clear. This study sought to clarify the dynamics of the problem behaviours, including the role of gender in victimisation and perpetration of violence in the family. Two-hundred-and-twelve treatment seeking problem gamblers (50.5% females) were recruited for interviews about past year FV and IPV experiences. The interviews included questions about the types of FV and IPV using the HITS tool (Sherin et al. in Fam Med Kans City 30:508-512, 1998). The questions addressed multiple family members, the temporal order of violence and gambling and the perceived associations between the two behaviours. The result show that well over half (60.8% 95 CI = 54.1-67.2) of the participants reported some form of violence in the past 12 months, with no gender differences in relation to perpetration and victimisation. Bidirectional violence (43.9% 95 CI = 37.4-50.6) was significantly more common than 'perpetration only' (11.3% 95 CI = 7.7-16.3) or 'victimisation only' (5.7% 95 CI = 3.3-9.6). Violence was mostly verbal, although considerable rates of physical violence also featured in the responses. 'Participants' own gambling preceded violence in a majority of the interviews but a small group of IPV victims reported that being a victim had led to their problematic gambling. These results can be used inform prevention, better treatment matching and capacity building in family violence and problem gambling services, where a significant focus should be on situational IPV.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-02-2009
DOI: 10.1080/07347330802614634
Abstract: Previous studies suggest that support from social networks is a protective factor buffering the negative effects of stressful events, such as having a child with a chronic illness. The literature highlights the need for more systematic examination of parents' social support networks across the disease trajectory, to obtain a more complete understanding of how a family's support system affects adjustment over time. This was attempted in this study of 88 parents of children with brain tumors, recruited from hospitals in Australia, Singapore, and New Zealand. It employed a longitudinal design, tracking families for 2 years postdiagnosis to examine the relationship between social support and coping. As in previous research this study showed that different types of support are needed at different stages in the illness trajectory. The study also identified the use of various coping strategies by families, directed at the maintenance and enhancement of existing supports and the securing of new supports. The study failed to establish a statistically significant relationship between level of coping and social support, however, suggesting that parents were using primarily "internal" familial modes of coping, including preexisting patterns of coping, with external social support being an adjunct to their coping rather than being a major contributor.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2003
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2014.10.007
Abstract: This paper aims to systematically review studies on the prevalence of gambling disorder among older adults aged 60years and above and to summarize the evidence on the determinants, risk factors as well as the comorbidities associated with it. A systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed, journal articles between 1st January 1995 and 1st May 2013. Only original studies which were published in English, included participants older than 60years of age and provided prevalence figures specifically among them, and where participants were assessed to have a gambling disorder by a validated instrument in non-treatment seeking/non-clinical setting were included. 25 eligible studies were identified from the literature. The prevalence of lifetime gambling disorder ranged from 0.01% to 10.6% across studies. Prevalence of gambling disorder is higher among the younger age groups (of older adults) and among males as compared to females. Those with gambling disorder were more likely to be single or orced/separated. Findings indicate that older adults may gamble more in an effort to ameliorate negative emotional states they may have limited access to other exciting activities or they may be unable to participate in activities that they were previously able to and they might attempt to fill this gap with gambling. Gambling disorder among older adults is a significant problem. Fixed incomes and limited prospects of future earnings make them an extremely vulnerable group. There is an urgent need to understand the phenomenon of gambling disorder in older adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-07-2008
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-04-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-02-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.2010.03300.X
Abstract: This paper reviews evidence pertaining to the prevalence of common comorbid disorders, including alcohol use disorder, depression, substance use disorders, nicotine dependence, anxiety disorders and antisocial personality disorder, in population-representative s les of problem and pathological gamblers. A systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed and unpublished articles reported between 1 January 1998 and 20 September 2010. Only studies which examined the prevalence of comorbid conditions in problem and/or pathological gamblers from a general population s le using randomized s ling methods and standardized measurement tools were included. Meta-analysis techniques were then performed to synthesize the included studies and estimate the weighted mean effect size and heterogeneity across studies. Eleven eligible studies were identified from the literature. Results from across the studies indicated that problem and pathological gamblers had high rates of other comorbid disorders. The highest mean prevalence was for nicotine dependence (60.1%), followed by a substance use disorder (57.5%), any type of mood disorder (37.9%) and any type of anxiety disorder (37.4%). However, there was evidence of moderate heterogeneity across studies, suggesting that rate estimates do not necessarily converge around a single population figure, and that weighted means should be interpreted with caution. Problem and pathological gamblers experience high levels of other comorbid mental health disorders and screening for comorbid disorders upon entering treatment for gambling problems is recommended. Further research is required to explore the underlying causes of variability observed in the prevalence estimates.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-1995
DOI: 10.1097/00042752-199510000-00004
Abstract: The incidence and nature of stress fractures and the relationship of potential risk factors to stress-fracture history were investigated retrospectively in a group of 53 female competitive track-and-field athletes. Forty-five stress fractures, diagnosed by clinical findings and bone scan, radiograph, or CT scan, were reported in 22 women. Tibial fractures were the most common (33%). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and tibia/fibula or in percentage body fat and total lean mass when comparing the groups with and without a stress-fracture history. Athletes with a past stress fracture were significantly older at menarche and were more likely to have experienced a history of menstrual disturbance (p < 0.05). Analysis of dietary behavior found that athletes with stress fractures scored significantly higher on the EAT-40 test and were more likely to engage in restrictive eating patterns and dieting. Multiple logistic regression showed that athletes with a history of oligomenorrhea were six times more likely to have sustained a stress fracture in the past, while those who were careful about their weight were eight times more likely. Prevention and treatment of stress fractures in female athletes should include a thorough assessment of menstrual characteristics and dietary patterns.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1981
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1995
DOI: 10.1016/S0003-9993(95)80658-X
Abstract: For older people who have had a stroke, appropriate housing can promote independence and well being. However, suboptimal team accommodation recommendations may result in placement of an in idual where their needs are not met, and their skills are not maximized. Although clinical judgments regarding patient discharge are routinely made by rehabilitation teams, this area has received limited research attention. This study examines how rehabilitation teams determine the most appropriate housing to recommend to stroke patients after their discharge from hospitals. A Social Judgment Theory approach was used to document and analyze the accommodation recommendations and policies of 13 rehabilitation teams (clinician n = 74). Teams were asked to consider 50 hypothetical stroke patients, and determine the most appropriate discharge housing to recommend to these patients. Each stroke patient was described in terms of 8 attributes: mobility status, ability to manage their own affairs, patient's choice of housing, personal activity of daily living (ADL) skills, domestic and community ADL skills, general health status, social situation, and premorbid living arrangements. Clinicians were provided with a response scale on which to record their recommendations. The results showed considerable yet reliable differences among teams concerning recommendations made, and judgment policies adopted. Although the highly structured and hypothetical nature of this research limits the external validity of findings, the results suggest that teams may also face difficulties with housing recommendations in the more complex clinical environment. Further studies to assess actual clinical team decision making are needed. Such studies could lead to the development of a standardized research-based protocol to help teams formalize and optimize their housing recommendations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10899-014-9495-9
Abstract: Demographic characteristics associated with gambling participation and problem gambling severity were investigated in a stratified random survey in Tasmania, Australia. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted in March 2011 resulting in a representative s le of 4,303 Tasmanian residents aged 18 years or older. Overall, 64.8% of Tasmanian adults reported participating in some form of gambling in the previous 12 months. The most common forms of gambling were lotteries (46.5%), keno (24.3%), instant scratch tickets (24.3%), and electronic gaming machines (20.5%). Gambling severity rates were estimated at non-gambling (34.8%), non-problem gambling (57.4%), low risk gambling (5.3%), moderate risk (1.8%), and problem gambling (.7%). Compared to Tasmanian gamblers as a whole significantly higher annual participation rates were reported by couples with no children, those in full time paid employment, and people who did not complete secondary school. Compared to Tasmanian gamblers as a whole significantly higher gambling frequencies were reported by males, people aged 65 or older, and people who were on pensions or were unable to work. Compared to Tasmanian gamblers as a whole significantly higher gambling expenditure was reported by males. The highest average expenditure was for horse and greyhound racing ($AUD 1,556), double the next highest gambling activity electronic gaming machines ($AUD 767). Compared to Tasmanian gamblers as a whole problem gamblers were significantly younger, in paid employment, reported lower incomes, and were born in Australia. Although gambling participation rates appear to be falling, problem gambling severity rates remain stable. These changes appear to reflect a maturing gambling market and the need for population specific harm minimisation strategies.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2009.07.002
Abstract: This study sought to investigate the walking habits of older people from erse cultural backgrounds, and to identify the factors associated with their walking. Three hundred and thirty three people over the age of 60 years were recruited from seven culturally erse groups from the Western suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. A survey questionnaire recording physical activity, and various factors related to activity, was interviewer-administered in the participants' preferred language. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis, chi(2) and Mann-Whitney tests. Forty-seven percent of the participants walked at least 150 min per week, with no significant difference in prevalence between genders or cultural groups. Some cultural differences were found in relation to reasons and locations for walking, and women were more likely than men to report walking in the shopping mall, whilst men were more likely than women to report walking in the park and along walking trails. Those who attained >150 min of walking were more likely to report health and fitness as reasons for walking, to perceive their walking environment as more pleasurable, to use walking trails, and to consider their environment safe and to facilitate social interaction. This study indicates that the continued advocating of walking as a health promoting activity should be central to future c aigns to increase physical activity in this age group. The provision of locations that are accessible, safe, aesthetically pleasing, and encourage social engagement are likely to facilitate older people's participation in walking. For maximum effectiveness, however, strategies may benefit from being tailored to meet specific gender and cultural preferences.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1159/000111489
Abstract: i Background: /i The number and proportion of drivers among people entering later life continues to rise. More information on patterns of driving for older adults is required to improve service provision and traffic planning. i Objectives: /i To map the changes in driving status for a s le of drivers aged 65 years or older over the period 1994–2000, and to identify factors associated with older people continuing, modifying or relinquishing their status as drivers. i Methods: /i The 752 participants were drawn from the Melbourne Longitudinal Studies on Healthy Ageing (MELSHA) program, a longitudinal study of people aged 65 years and older living in the community. Participants were interviewed or contacted for follow-up in 1994, 1996, 1998 and 2000 on a range of topics including their health, functional independence and driving status. i Results: /i Although the number of recent drivers was smaller as participants died or were admitted to nursing homes over the 6-year data collection period, relatively few participants relinquished driving while remaining in the community. Many drivers reported modifying their driving habits over time, including decisions to restrict their driving to their local area during daylight only. Relationships were explored between driving status and the key variables of age, gender, marital status, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) independence and self-rated measures of income, health, eyesight and hearing. Multivariate analyses indicated that drivers were more likely to modify their driving habits if they were older, dependent in IADL, and rated their eyesight as poor. Similar factors predicted relinquishing driving, but in addition, women were three times more likely to relinquish driving than men (even when health and disability were taken into account) and people who rated their incomes as ‘comfortable’ were more likely to relinquish driving than those with lower incomes. i Conclusions: /i This study confirmed previous evidence that older drivers self-regulate by modifying their driving behavior as they age. However, since few drivers voluntarily relinquish driving, further research is required to identify ways of supporting older drivers to continue to drive safely.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADDBEH.2016.03.002
Abstract: The present study investigated the intergenerational transmission of problem gambling and the potential mediating role of parental psychopathology (problem drinking, drug use problems, and mental health issues). The study comprised 3953 participants (1938 males, 2015 females) recruited from a large-scale Australian community telephone survey of adults retrospectively reporting on parental problem gambling and psychopathology during their childhood. Overall, 4.0% [95%CI 3.0, 5.0] (n=157) of participants reported paternal problem gambling and 1.7% [95%CI 1.0, 2.0] (n=68) reported maternal problem gambling. Compared to their peers, participants reporting paternal problem gambling were 5.1 times more likely to be moderate risk gamblers and 10.7 times more likely to be problem gamblers. Participants reporting maternal problem gambling were 1.7 times more likely to be moderate risk gamblers and 10.6 times more likely to be problem gamblers. The results revealed that the relationships between paternal-and-participant and maternal-and-participant problem gambling were significant, but that only the relationship between paternal-and-participant problem gambling remained statistically significant after controlling for maternal problem gambling and sociodemographic factors. Paternal problem drinking and maternal drug use problems partially mediated the relationship between paternal-and-participant problem gambling, and fully mediated the relationship between maternal-and-participant problem gambling. In contrast, parental mental health issues failed to significantly mediate the transmission of gambling problems by either parent. When parental problem gambling was the mediator, there was full mediation of the effect between parental psychopathology and offspring problem gambling for fathers but not mothers. Overall, the study highlights the vulnerability of children from problem gambling households and suggests that it would be of value to target prevention and intervention efforts towards this cohort.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X07006976
Abstract: The substantial and increasing number of older Australian people from culturally erse backgrounds justifies the investigation and inclusion of their experiences in ageing research. Few empirical studies have addressed culturally erse issues in the older population, however, in part because of the particular challenges in recruiting and retaining people from different cultural backgrounds. This article reflects on a research team's experience of recruiting participants from seven cultural groups into a study that sought to explore the links between physical activity and the built environment. Three key issues for recruiting and retaining participants from culturally erse backgrounds were identified: having access to key local informants the central role of paid and trained bilingual interviewers and supporting the research partners in recruitment activities. Furthermore, it appeared that a ‘one size fits all’ approach was not appropriate and that a flexible recruitment strategy may be required to ensure successful recruitment from all cultural groups. The differences observed in this study relating to recruitment and retention rates may be more dependent on the skills and characteristics of those responsible for the recruitment and interviewing, rather than the specific cultural group itself. Older people from some cultural backgrounds may be less likely to respond to traditional recruitment methods and researchers need to be more assiduous and strategic to improve participation rates in research.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2020
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.5694/MJA11.11088
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.3109/09638289409166292
Abstract: This paper provides a review of international findings in rehabilitation outcomes for older workers. Older workers are disadvantaged in terms of their rehabilitation following injury. They sustain more serious injuries, take longer to recover and are less likely to return to work than younger workers. This results in substantial economic costs to the community as well as a reduction in financial security and quality of life for the older person. A number of possible explanations for the relationship between age and rehabilitation outcomes are discussed. It is proposed that the application of a 'biopsychosocial' model to rehabilitation outcome may be a useful way of conceptualizing the complexity of the rehabilitation process in older workers and predicting rehabilitation outcomes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-2018.2006.00252.X
Abstract: The use of supplemental oxygen by emergency nurses has important implications for patient outcomes, yet there is significant variability in oxygen administration practises. Specific education related to oxygen administration increases factual knowledge in this domain however, the impact of knowledge acquisition on nurses' clinical decisions is poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the effect of educational preparation on 20 emergency nurses' decisions regarding the assessment of oxygenation and the use of supplemental oxygen. A pre-test ost-test, quasi-experimental design was used. The intervention was a written, self-directed learning package. The major effects of the completion of the learning package included no change in the number or types of parameters used by nurses to assess oxygenation, a significant decrease in the selection of simple masks, a significant increase in the selection of air entrainment masks, fewer hypothetical outcomes of unresolved respiratory distress and more hypothetical outcomes of decreased respiratory distress. As many nursing education programs are aimed at increasing factual knowledge, while experience remains relatively constant, a greater understanding of the relationship between factual knowledge and clinical decisions is needed if educational interventions are to improve patient outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/S1322-7696(08)60478-3
Abstract: Multiple choice questions are used extensively in nursing research and education and play a fundamental role in the design of research studies or educational programs. Despite their widespread use, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines relating to design and use of multiple choice questions. Little is written about their format, structure, validity and reliability of in the context of nursing research and/or education and most of the current literature in this area is based on opinion or consensus. Systematic multiple choice question design and use of valid and reliable multiple choice questions are vital if the results of research or educational testing are to be considered valid. Content and face validity should be established by expert panel review and construct validity should be established using 'key check', item discrimination and item difficulty analyses. Reliability measures include internal consistency and equivalence. Internal consistency should be established by determination of internal consistency using reliability coefficients while equivalence should be established using alternate form correlation. This paper reviews literature related to the use of multiple choice questions, current design recommendations and processes to establish reliability and validity, and discusses implications for their use in nursing research and education.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.4137/HSI.S13283
Abstract: The aim of this study was to explore the impact of quality of care (QoC) on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In a cross-sectional study, two domains of QoC and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref questionnaire were combined to collect data from 1,059 pre-discharge patients in four accredited hospitals (ACCHs) and four non-accredited hospitals (NACCHs) in Saudi Arabia. Health and well-being are often restricted to the characterization of sensory qualities in certain settings such as unrestricted access to healthcare, effective treatment, and social welfare. The patients admitted to tertiary health care facilities are generally able to present themselves with a holistic approach as to how they experience the impact of health policy. The statistical results indicated that patients reported a very limited correlation between QoC and QoL in both settings. The model established a positive, but ultimately weak and insignificant, association between QoC (access and effective treatment) and QoL ( r = 0.349, P = 0.000 r = 0.161, P = 0.000, respectively). Even though the two settings are theoretically different in terms of being able to conceptualize, adopt, and implement QoC, the outcomes from both settings demonstrated insignificant relationships with QoL as the results were quite similar. Though modern medicine has substantially improved QoL around the world, this paper proposes that health accreditation has a very limited impact on improving QoL. This paper raises awareness of this topic with multiple healthcare professionals who are interested in correlating QoC and QoL. Hopefully, it will stimulate further research from other professional groups that have new and different perspectives. Addressing a transitional health care system that is in the process of endorsing accreditation, investigating the experience of tertiary cases, and analyzing deviated data may limit the generalization of this study. Global interest in applying public health policy underlines the impact of such process on patients’ outcomes. As QoC accreditation does not automatically produce improved QoL outcomes, the proposed study encourages further investigation of the value of health accreditation on personal and social well-being.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1177/104973150001000205
Abstract: Previous studies have found significant differences between men and women who have sought help for problems associated with their gambling. While this raises the possibility of differing treatment needs, much of the research into treating problem gamblers is based on all-male s les. This article seeks to remedy this situation by reporting on sex differences in the treatment of 1,520 problem gamblers, almost half of whom are female, who sought help in the state of Victoria, Australia, between July 1996 and June 1997. In contrast to the primarily external concerns such as employment and legal matters reported by males, females attending for problem gambling counseling were more likely to report problems with their physical and intrapersonal functioning and were more likely to report resolution of their problems. Male clients were more likely to have their cases closed and be referred to other agencies for assistance.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-07-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/EN16041876
Abstract: Nanostructured materials have gained much attention in recent engineering and material- science research due to their unique structural makeup, which stands them out from their bulk counterparts. Their novel properties of tiny-size structural elements (molecules or crystallites, clusters) of nanoscale dimensions (1 to 100 nm) make them a perfect material for energy applications. The recent keen interest in nanostructured materials research by academia and industrial experts arises from the unique variable characteristics of increased electrical and thermal conductivity. This occurs as nanostructured materials undergo a transient process from infinite-extended solid to a particle of ascertainable numbers of atoms. The commercial and energy sectors are very interested in developing and expanding simple synthetic pathways for nanostructured-electrocatalysts materials to aid in optimizing the number of active regions. Over the decades, various techniques have been put forward to design and synthesize nanostructured-electrocatalysts materials for electrochemical generation of energy and storage applications. As a result, the design of fuel cells, supercapacitors, and energy-storage devices has advanced significantly. This review provides a comprehensive outlook of various synthesis techniques and highlight the challenges of nanostructured- electrocatalysts materials application in fuel cells. Several synthesis methods are discussed and summarized for enhanced nanomaterial preparation and high product attainment with the sol-gel synthesis method being emphasized. The design methodology for an effective nanostructured electrocatalysts with high efficiency for fuel cells was also discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1197/J.AEM.2007.04.015
Abstract: Accuracy of triage decisions is a major influence on patient outcomes. Triage nurses' knowledge and experience have been cited as influential factors in triage decision-making. The aim of this article is to examine the independent roles of factual knowledge and experience in triage decisions. All of the articles cited in this review were research papers that examined the relationship between triage decisions and knowledge and/or experience of triage nurses. Numerous studies have shown that factual knowledge is an important factor in improving triage decisions. Although a number of studies have examined the role of experience as an independent influence on triage decisions, none have found a significant relationship between experience and triage decision-making. Factual knowledge appears to be more important than years of emergency nursing or triage experience in triage decision accuracy. Many triage education programs are underpinned by the assumption that knowledge acquisition will result in improved triage decisions. A better understanding of the relationships between clinical decisions, knowledge, and experience is pivotal for the rigorous evaluation of education programs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2000
Abstract: The initiation of emergency care primarily depends on the decisions made by the triage nurse. Triage decisions can therefore have a profound effect on the health outcomes of patients who present for emergency care. If the National Triage Scale (NTS) was effective in providing a standardized approach to triage, a patient with a specific problem should be allocated to the same triage category, irrespective of the institution to which they present or the personnel performing the role of triage. This study examines triage nurses' level of agreement in their allocation of triage categories to patients with specific presenting problems using the NTS. Relationships between demographic characteristics of participants and triage decisions are examined and implications of any variation for triage practice and patient outcomes are explored.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-1993
DOI: 10.1177/026921559300700301
Abstract: The discharge of stroke patients to appropriate accommodation presents rehabilitation teams with a difficult task, as clinical recommendations concerning accommodation may have a considerable impact on patients' future lifestyle and independence. A Social Judgment Theory task was employed to identify the informational cues considered by 82 rehabilitation professionals when making accommodation decisions for stroke patients at discharge from rehabilitation. Several factors, including patient mobility, social supports and activity of daily living (ADL) status, were found to be highly weighted in this decision. However, there were substantial in idual differences in the weighting by the study partici pants of informational cues. These differences were not consistently attributable to profession or experience.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-03-2010
Abstract: strategies to enable older people to remain in their own homes require information on potential intervention areas and target groups for health promotion and healthcare services. this study aimed to identify socioeconomic, health and lifestyle factors in entry to residential aged care facilities. a prospective cohort study was conducted from 1994 to 2005. the information source was the Melbourne Longitudinal Studies on Healthy Ageing Program. one thousand Australians aged 65 years and over living in the community were used as baseline s le. socio-medical data were gathered in face-to-face baseline interviews, and outcomes were identified in biennial follow-ups with respondents, informants and death registries over 12 years. Cox regression models identified baseline predictors of subsequent entry to residential aged care for men and women from among socio-demographic, health status and lifestyle factors. the most significant factors were older age, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) dependence, cognitive impairment, underweight body mass index (BMI) and low social activity. For men only, the number of medical conditions and healthy nutrition score also emerged as significant. For women only, never having been married, IADL dependence and low BMI also were significant. For men, the risk of entry to residential aged care facilities was associated mainly with disease burden, whereas for women, social vulnerability and functional capacities were more important. Healthy lifestyles were important indirectly insofar as they influenced subjects' health status. to facilitate older people to stay in the community, it is important to treat or ameliorate medical conditions, promote healthy lifestyles and consider gender-specific risks.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.2008.04938.X
Abstract: This paper is a report of a study to identify predictors of critical care admission in emergency department patients triaged as low to moderate urgency that may be apparent early in the emergency department episode of care. Background. Observations of clinical practice show that a number of emergency department patients triaged as low to moderate urgency require critical care admission, raising questions about the relationship between illness severity and physiological status early in the emergency department episode of care. A retrospective case control design was used. All participants were aged over 18 years, triaged to Australasian Triage Scale categories 3, 4 or 5, and attended emergency department between 1 July 2004 and 30 June 2005. Cases were admitted to intensive care unit or coronary care unit and controls were admitted to general medical or surgical units. Cases (n = 193) and controls (n = 193) were matched by age, gender, emergency department discharge diagnosis and triage category. Critical care admission associated with: (i) a presenting complaint of nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea (OR = 3.40, 95%CI:1.22-9.47, P = 0.019), (ii) heart rate abnormalities at triage (OR = 2.10, 95%CI:1.19-3.71, P = 0.011), (iii) temperature abnormalities at triage (OR = 2.87 95%CI:1.05-7.89, P = 0.041), (iv) respiratory rate at first nursing assessment (OR = 1.66, 95%CI:1.05-2.06, P = 0.31) or (v) heart rate abnormalities at first nursing assessment (OR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.04-2.39, P = 0.033). Derangements in temperature, respiratory rate and heart appear to increase risk of critical care admission. Further work using a prospective approach is needed to establish which physiological parameters have the highest predictive validity, the level(s) of physiological abnormality with highest clinical utility, and the optimal timing for collection of physiological data.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2001
DOI: 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00187-8
Abstract: This paper is concerned with community values and preferences in organ transplantation allocation decisions. With recent trends in organ shortages, transplant teams face difficult allocation decisions amongst increasing numbers of "worthy" potential recipients. It is argued that the debate about these decisions ought to be informed in part by a systematic knowledge of prevailing community standards. A community s le of 238 adults (140 women and 98 men, with a mean age of 47.0 years) completed a questionnaire concerning which factors ought to affect recipient priority for transplantation. Longer waiting time, better prognosis, younger age and being a parent were the most frequently selected criteria for organ allocation decisions. The participants also rank ordered 16 potential recipients presented in the form of case scenarios in terms of priority for transplantation. The 16 case scenarios were constructed from a factorial combination of four variables: age of recipient (young vs old) the time the recipient had been on a waiting list (long vs short) recipient prognosis (excellent vs fair) and parental status (children vs no children). It was found that one case scenario involving a young parent with an excellent prognosis and long waiting time was ranked first by 75.2% of all participants. Analysis revealed that transplant recipient age and prognosis were the most influential factors in determining the priority rankings for organ allocation. The study has demonstrated that judgement and decision analysis procedures can be used to elicit community values and preferences about complex resource allocation decisions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CPR.2016.06.004
Abstract: This systematic review aimed to synthesise the evidence relating to pre-treatment predictors of gambling outcomes following psychological treatment for disordered gambling across multiple time-points (i.e., post-treatment, short-term, medium-term, and long-term). A systematic search from 1990 to 2016 identified 50 articles, from which 11 socio-demographic, 16 gambling-related, 21 psychological sychosocial, 12 treatment, and no therapist-related variables, were identified. Male gender and low depression levels were the most consistent predictors of successful treatment outcomes across multiple time-points. Likely predictors of successful treatment outcomes also included older age, lower gambling symptom severity, lower levels of gambling behaviours and alcohol use, and higher treatment session attendance. Significant associations, at a minimum of one time-point, were identified between successful treatment outcomes and being employed, ethnicity, no gambling debt, personality traits and being in the action stage of change. Mixed results were identified for treatment goal, while education, income, preferred gambling activity, problem gambling duration, anxiety, any psychiatric comorbidity, psychological distress, substance use, prior gambling treatment and medication use were not significantly associated with treatment outcomes at any time-point. Further research involving consistent treatment outcome frameworks, examination of treatment and therapist predictor variables, and evaluation of predictors across long-term follow-ups is warranted to advance this developing field of research.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1445-5994.2009.02065.X
Abstract: Emergency departments (ED) play a key role in management of exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD). Current guidelines for management of exacerbation of COPD showed highest levels of evidence (Level A and B) were related to use of medications and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). The aim of this study was to examine compliance with high level evidence for management of exacerbation of COPD during the first 4 h of ED care. A retrospective medical record audit was conducted at four public and one private ED in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were adult patients with COPD presenting to the ED with a primary complaint of shortness of breath from July 2006 to July 2007. Outcome measures were compliance with evidence-based recommendations regarding use of bronchodilators, methylxanthines, steroids and NIPPV. Of 273 patients in this study, 72.4% received short-acting beta-agonist bronchodilators, 37.8% received an inhaled short-acting anticholinergic medication and 56.6% received systemic steroid therapy. NIPPV was used in 21 patients, 15 of whom had documentation of acidosis and/or hypercapnia). There was variation in the use of high level evidence for the ED management of exacerbation of COPD. The highest rate of compliance was non-use of methylxanthines and the greatest deficit was poor compliance with evidence related to NIPPV. There was also scope for improvement in the use of bronchodilators and systemic steroids.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
Date: 09-2018
Abstract: Few studies have investigated the association between problem gambling (PG) and violence extending into the family beyond intimate partners. This study aimed to explore the association between PG and family violence (FV) in a population-representative s le. It was hypothesized that: (a) PG would be positively associated with FV, even after adjusting for sociodemographic variables and comorbidities and (b) these relationships would be significantly exacerbated by substance use and psychological distress. A secondary aim was to explore whether gender moderated these relationships. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted with a population-representative s le of 4,153 Australian adults. Moderate-risk (MR) roblem gamblers had a 2.73-fold increase in the odds of experiencing FV victimization (21.3% 95% CI: 13.1–29.4) relative to non-problem gamblers (9.4% 95% CI: 8.5–10.4). They also had a 2.56-fold increase in the odds of experiencing FV perpetration (19.7% 95% CI: 11.8–27.7) relative to non-problem gamblers (9.0% 95% CI: 8.0–10.0). Low-risk gamblers also had over a twofold increase in the odds of experiencing FV victimization (20.0% 95% CI: 14.0–26.0) and perpetration (19.3% 95% CI: 13.5–25.1). These relationships remained robust for low-risk gamblers, but were attenuated for MR roblem gamblers, after adjustment for substance use and psychological distress. MR roblem gamblers had a greater probability of FV victimization, if they reported hazardous alcohol use and low-risk gamblers had a greater probability of FV perpetration if they were female. These findings provide further support for routine screening, highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs, and suggest that reducing alcohol use may be important in these efforts.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 27-04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-02-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1996
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2648.1996.TB00021.X
Abstract: This research reports the results of a survey of 230 Australian critical care nurses. The respondents were asked to rate how frequently they were involved in 10 common critical care decisions and their levels of satisfaction with their involvement for each decision task. It was found that level of task satisfaction was positively correlated with level of task involvement, thus supporting the hypothesis that nurse task decision autonomy is associated with nurse task satisfaction. The paper argues for the importance of differentiation between task satisfaction and work satisfaction in research of these issues.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-02-2011
Abstract: The Happy Life Club™ is an intervention that utilises health coaches trained in behavioural change and motivational interviewing techniques to assist with the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in primary care settings in China. Health coaches will support participants to improve modifiable risk factors and adhere to effective self-management treatments associated with T2DM. A cluster randomised controlled trial involving 22 Community Health Centres (CHCs) in Fengtai District of Beijing, China. CHCs will be randomised into a control or intervention group, facilitating recruitment of at least 1320 in idual participants with T2DM into the study. Participants in the intervention group will receive a combination of both telephone and face-to-face health coaching over 18 months, in addition to usual care received by the control group. Health coaching will be performed by CHC doctors and nurses certified in coach-assisted chronic disease management. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and again at 6, 12 and 18 months by means of a clinical health check and self-administered questionnaire. The primary outcome measure is HbA1c level. Secondary outcomes include metabolic, physiological and psychological variables. This cluster RCT has been developed to suit the Chinese health care system and will contribute to the evidence base for the management of patients with T2DM. With a strong focus on self-management and health coach support, the study has the potential to be adapted to other chronic diseases, as well as other regions of China. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN01010526
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/AH12022
Abstract: Background. During the influenza pandemic 2009/A/H1N1, the main burden of managing patients fell on primary care physicians (PCP). This provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the implications of pandemic policies for the PCP role. Aim. To examine policies affecting the role of PCP in the pandemic response in Australia (in the state of Victoria), Israel and England. Methods. Content analysis of the documents published by the health authorities in Australia, Israel and England during the pandemic 2009/A/H1N1. Results. The involvement of PCP in the pandemic response differed among the countries in timing and allocated responsibilities. The Israeli approach during the containment phase was to maximise the protection of PCP at the expense of putting pressure on hospitals where the suspected cases were tested and treated. In Australia and England, PCP managed the suspected patients from the beginning of the pandemic. The work of PCP in England was supported by the introduction of the National Pandemic Flu Service during the mitigation phase, whereas Australian PCP had no additional support structures and their role was constant and intensive throughout the pandemic period. Conclusion. Health authorities need to engage with representatives of PCP to evaluate policies for pandemic planning and management. Adequate support and protection for PCP during different stages of pandemic management should be provided. What is known about the topic? During the influenza pandemic 2009/A/H1N1, the main burden of diagnosing and managing the patients fell on PCP. The prominent role of PCP in the 2009/A/H1N1 pandemic presents an excellent opportunity to investigate implications of pandemic policies for primary care and to tackle the possible problems that these policies may impose on the ability of PCP to effectively participate in the public health response. What does this paper add? This paper examines policies that affected the roles of PCP in managing the influenza pandemic 2009/A/H1N1 in three countries: Australia, Israel and England. Although general evaluations of the pandemic response in different countries have previously been reported, this is the first study that focuses on policies for pandemic management at the primary care level. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners (PCP and primary care workers in general) would benefit if pandemic preparedness plans were constructed to provide an adequate system of support and protection to primary care workers during different stages of pandemic management. For policy makers, this analysis may help to overhaul the strategies for primary care engagement in the pandemic response.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AJAD.12599
Abstract: Although parenting practices are articulated as underlying mechanisms or protective factors in several theoretical models, their role in the intergenerational transmission of gambling problems has received limited research attention. This study therefore examined the degree to which parenting practices (positive parenting, parental involvement, and inconsistent discipline) moderated the intergenerational transmission of paternal and maternal problem gambling. Students aged 12-18 years (N = 612) recruited from 17 Australian secondary schools completed a survey measuring parental problem gambling, problem gambling severity, and parenting practices. Participants endorsing paternal problem gambling (23.3%) were 4.3 times more likely to be classified as at-risk roblem gamblers than their peers (5.4%). Participants endorsing maternal problem gambling (6.9%) were no more likely than their peers (4.0%) to be classified as at-risk roblem gamblers. Paternal problem gambling was a significant predictor of offspring at-risk roblem gambling after controlling for maternal problem gambling and participant demographic characteristics. The relationship between maternal problem gambling and offspring at-risk roblem gambling was buffered by parental involvement. Paternal problem gambling may be important in the development of adolescent at-risk roblem gambling behaviours and higher levels of parental involvement buffers the influence of maternal problem gambling in the development of offspring gambling problems. Further research is therefore required to identify factors that attenuate the seemingly greater risk of transmission associated with paternal gambling problems. Parental involvement is a potential candidate for prevention and intervention efforts designed to reduce the intergenerational transmission of gambling problems. (Am J Addict 2017 :707-712).
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 05-04-2019
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-02-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1997
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-2648.1997.1997025229.X
Abstract: The present study investigated nurses' perceptions of the problems associated with their decision-making in critical care settings. This paper reports a survey of 230 Australian practising critical care nurses. In responses to a set of structured questions concerning various difficulties in making decisions, it was found that between 22 and 56% of nurses reported to be experiencing difficulties on a weekly or more frequent basis "due to knowledge base', "lack of time to make decisions', "lack of time to implement decisions', and "personal values conflicts with other staff'. Nearly one-third (30.3%) of the respondents indicated that they disagreed with other staff who were responsible for making decisions in their units on at least a weekly basis. The nurses were also invited to comment in writing on their concerns in a variety of areas. Major sources of nurse dissatisfaction included: treatment decisions for patients with poor prognoses disharmony with medical staff concerning decision autonomy issues, especially with junior doctors time constraints on nursing care: the demands of new intensive care technology upon the nurses' knowledge bases and the need for in-service education to address this problem. The paper concludes with arguments for the use of in-depth interviews to further study these issues.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-1996
DOI: 10.1177/036354659602400617
Abstract: The aim of this 12-month prospective study was to investigate risk factors for stress fractures in a cohort of 53 female and 58 male track and field athletes, aged 17 to 26 years. Total bone mineral content, regional bone density, and soft tissue composition were meas ured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and an thropometric techniques. Menstrual characteristics, current dietary intake, and training were assessed us ing questionnaires. A clinical biomechanical assess ment was performed by a physical therapist. The inci dence of stress fractures during the study was 21.1%, with most injuries located in the tibia. Of the risk factors evaluated, none was able to predict the occurrence of stress fractures in men. However, in female athletes, significant risk factors included lower bone density, a history of menstrual disturbance, less lean mass in the lower limb, a discrepancy in leg length, and a lower fat diet. Multiple logistic regression revealed that age of menarche and calf girth were the best independent predictors of stress fractures in women. This bivariate model correctly assigned 80% of the female athletes into their respective stress fracture or nonstress frac ture groups. These results suggest that it may be pos sible to identify female athletes most at risk for this overuse bone injury.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEDT.2006.10.001
Abstract: This study examined the effect of an education intervention on emergency nurses' decisions related to oxygen administration. A controlled pre-test ost-test quasi-experimental design was used. The intervention was a written self directed learning package. Outcome measures were (i) factual knowledge measured using parallel form multiple choice questions (MCQs) and (ii) clinical decisions measured using parallel form MCQs, parallel form patient scenarios and clinical practice observation. Eighty-eight nurses from 4 Melbourne EDs participated in the study (control group: n=37 and experimental group: n=51). Subgroups of nurses from the experimental group also participated in the patient scenarios (n=20) and clinical practice observation (n=10). Emergency nurses' knowledge increased as a function of education. Both patient scenario data and clinical practice observation showed decreased selection of nasal cannulae, increased selection of air entrainment masks and a trend towards selection of higher oxygen flow rates following education. Evaluation of educational interventions in nursing should focus on identifying strategies that enhance learning in a clinical environment, are valid in terms of the clinical context and culture in which they are being used and most importantly, produce sustained improvements in actual clinical practice.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 28-03-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X17000162
Abstract: In this study we used in idual differences concepts and analyses to examine whether older people achieve different ageing-well states universally or whether there are identifiable key groups that achieve them to different extents. The data used in the modelling were from a prospective 16-year longitudinal study of 1,000 older Australians. We examined predictors of trajectories for ageing well using self-rated health, psychological wellbeing and independence in daily living as joint indicators of ageing well in people aged over 65 years at baseline. We used group-trajectory modelling and multivariate regression to identify characteristics predicting ‘ageing well’. The results showed three distinct and sizeable ageing trajectory groups: (a) ‘stable-good ageing well’ (classified as ageing well in all longitudinal study waves which was achieved by 30.2% of women and 28.0% of men) (b) ‘initially ageing well then deteriorating’ (50.5% women and 47.6% men) and (c) ‘stable-poor’ (not ageing well in any wave 19.3% women and 24.4% men). Significant gender differences were found in membership in different ageing-well states. In the stable-poor groups there were 103/533 females which was significantly lower than 114/467 men ( z -statistic = −2.6, p = 0.005) women had a ‘zero’ probability of progressing to a better ageing-well classification in later years, whilst males had a one-in-five probability of actually improving. Robust final state outcome predictors at baseline were lower age and fewer medical conditions for both genders restful sleep and Australian-born for women and good nutrition, decreased strain, non-smoker and good social support for men. These results support that ageing-well trajectories are influenced by modifiable factors. Findings will assist better targeting of health-promoting activities for older people.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1996
DOI: 10.1177/036354659602400217
Abstract: The incidence and distribution of stress fractures were evaluated prospectively over 12 months in 53 female and 58 male competitive track and field athletes (age range, 17 to 26 years). Twenty athletes sustained 26 stress fractures for an overall incidence rate of 21.1%. The incidence was 0.70 for the number of stress frac tures per 1000 hours of training. No differences were observed between male and female rates ( P 0.05). Twenty-six stress fractures composed 20% of the 130 musculoskeletal injuries sustained during the study. Although there was no difference in stress fracture incidence among athletes competing in different events ( P 0.05), sprints, hurdles, and jumps were associated with a significantly greater number of foot fractures middle- and long-distance running were as sociated with a greater number of long bone and pelvic fractures ( P 0.05). Overall, the most common sites of bone injuries were the tibia with 12 injuries (46%), followed by the navicular with 4 injuries (15%), and the fibula with 3 injuries (12%). The high incidence of stress fractures in our study suggests that risk factors in track and field athletes should be identified.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-08-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1442-2018.2005.00236.X
Abstract: Emergency nurses frequently and independently make decisions regarding supplemental oxygen. The importance of these decisions for patients is highlighted by the well documented association between respiratory dysfunction and adverse events. This study aimed to: (i) examine the effect of educational preparation on emergency nurses' knowledge of assessment of oxygenation, and the use of supplemental oxygen (ii) explore the impact of existing knowledge on decisions related to the implementation of supplemental oxygen and (iii) explore nurses' characteristics that were associated with effectiveness of the educational preparation. A pretest ost-test, controlled, quasi-experimental design was used in this study. Educational preparation was effective in increasing emergency nurses' knowledge. Baseline level of knowledge was predictive of reports of independent decisions regarding the implementation of oxygen. There was a significant positive relationship between postgraduate qualification in emergency nursing and the effect of education, and significant negative relationships between effect of education and baseline level of knowledge and daily decisions to implement supplemental oxygen.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-02-2009
DOI: 10.1080/08952840802633669
Abstract: Inactivity has been identified as a major contributor to the burden of disease in older women. Study aims were: (a) to assess the personal, social, and environmental facilitators and impediments to physical activity in older women from ethnic communities and (b) to determine the factors associated with physical activity participation. Older women (aged 60-84 years) were recruited from the local Italian (n = 20), Vietnamese (n = 26) and Anglo-Celtic (n = 26) communities. A survey questionnaire was administered in the participants' preferred language. The most common barriers were: "I am not in good health," "I am self-conscious about my looks," "I am too tired," "I don't have time," and "The weather is bad." When comparing the ethnic groups, the Vietnamese women reported fewer barriers than the Italian women (2.6 vs. 5.9). While the Vietnamese women were much more likely to report being "self-conscious about my looks," the Italian women more commonly reported poor health, being too tired, and not liking exercise as barriers. Overall, those living alone were more likely to be active and those who reported fear of injury, less active. Recognizing ethnospecific differences in the prevalence of barriers may be important when devising strategies to increase activity levels of older women.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1445-5994.2010.02220.X
Abstract: Inconsistencies in oxygen therapy recommendations in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may result in variability in emergency department (ED) oxygen management of patients with COPD. The aim of this study was to describe oxygen management in the first 4 h of ED care for patients with exacerbation of COPD. A retrospective medical record audit was conducted at four public and one private ED in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were 273 adult ED patients with COPD presenting with a primary complaint of shortness of breath from July 2006 to July 2007. Outcome measures were physiological data, including oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), oxygen delivery devices and flow rates on ED arrival, 1 and 4 h. Oxygen was used in 82.0% of patients. Patients who required oxygen had higher incidence of ambulance transport (P < 0.001), triage category 2 (P = 0.006), home oxygen use (P < 0.001), and increased work of breathing on ED arrival (P < 0.001), and higher median respiratory rate (P 90% occurred in the majority of patients (87.5% 96.4% 95.6%) however, a considerable number of patients with SpO(2) < 90% were not given oxygen (61.8% 30% 45.5%). A number of patients with documented hypoxaemia were not given oxygen and there may be variables other than oxygen saturation that may influence oxygen use. Future research should focus on increasing the evidence-based supporting oxygen use and better understanding of clinicians' oxygen decision-making in patients with COPD.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-1985
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2009
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S8756-3282(97)00026-4
Abstract: Strain magnitude may be more important than the number of loading cycles in controlling bone adaptation to loading. To test this hypothesis, we performed a 12 month longitudinal cohort study comparing bone mass and bone turnover in elite and subelite track and field athletes and less active controls. The cohort comprised 50 power athletes (sprinters, jumpers, hurdlers, multievent athletes 23 women, 27 men), 61 endurance athletes (middle-distance runners, distance runners 30 women, 31 men), and 55 nonathlete controls (28 women, 27 men) aged 17-26 years. Total bone mineral content (BMC), regional bone mineral density (BMD), and soft tissue composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone turnover was assessed by serum osteocalcin (human immunoradiometric assay) indicative of bone formation, and urinary pyridinium crosslinks (high-performance liquid chromatography) indicative of bone resorption. Questionnaires quantified menstrual, dietary and physical activity characteristics. Baseline results showed that power athletes had higher regional BMD at lower limb, lumbar spine, and upper limb sites compared with controls (p < 0.05). Endurance athletes had higher BMD than controls in lower limb sites only (p < 0.05). Maximal differences in BMD between athletes and controls were noted at sites loaded by exercise. Male and female power athletes had greater bone density at the lumbar spine than endurance athletes. Over the 12 months, both athletes and controls showed modest but significant increases in total body BMC and femur BMD (p < 0.001). Changes in bone density were independent of exercise status except at the lumbar spine. At this site, power athletes gained significantly more bone density than the other groups. Levels of bone formation were not elevated in athletes and levels of bone turnover were not predictive of subsequent changes in bone mass. Our results provide further support for the concept that bone response to mechanical loading depends upon the bone site and the mode of exercise.
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Location: China
Start Date: 2003
End Date: 2006
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2004
End Date: 2009
Funder: Australian Research Council
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End Date: 2019
Funder: Australian Research Council
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End Date: 2003
Funder: Australian Research Council
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End Date: 2008
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2008
End Date: 2010
Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2010
End Date: 2013
Funder: Australian Research Council
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