ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9478-2239
Current Organisations
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
,
Monash University
,
University of South Australia
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Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1159/000450992
Abstract: b i Background/Aims: /i /b The General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition (GPCOG) is a brief cognitive test. This study compared the GPCOG to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the most widely used test, in terms of their ability to detect likely dementia in primary care. b i Methods: /i /b General practitioners across three states in Australia recruited 2,028 elderly patients from the community. A research nurse administered the GPCOG and the MMSE, as well as the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly Cognitive Scale-Revised that we used to define likely dementia. b i Results: /i /b Overall, the GPCOG and the MMSE were similarly effective at detecting likely dementia. The GPCOG, however, had a higher sensitivity than the MMSE when using published cutpoints. b i Conclusion: /i /b The GPCOG is an effective screening tool for dementia in primary care. It appears to be a viable alternative to the MMSE, whilst also requiring less time to administer.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-10-2021
Abstract: Quantum-sized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are emerging as theranostic agents-those that combine diagnostics and therapeutic properties-given their ultrasmall size <3 nm, which makes them behave more like a molecule rather than a nanoparticle. This molecule-like behavior endows AuNCs with interesting properties including photoluminescence, catalytic activity, and paramagnetism-all without the presence of any toxic heavy metal. But despite these fundamental advances, scalable synthetic approaches to produce high-quality AuNCs with well-controlled and programmable properties for biological applications as well as methods to determine their structure-property relationships are not widely available. In this Perspective, we will discuss what is known so far about AuNCs as well as how to move forward to propel AuNCs as a theranostic agent of choice for many biomedical applications.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-05-2013
DOI: 10.1021/LA400597E
Abstract: The immobilization of biologically active species is crucial for the fabrication of smart bioactive surfaces. For this purpose, plasma polymerization is frequently used to modify the surface nature without affecting the bulk properties of the material. Thus, it is possible to create materials with surface functional groups that can promote the anchoring of all kinds of biomolecules. Different methodologies in protein immobilization have been developed in recent years, although some drawbacks are still not solved, such as the difficulties that some procedures involve and/or the denaturalization of the protein due to the immobilization process. In this work, two different strategies to covalently attach bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein are developed. Both techniques are compared in order to understand how the nature of the surface modification affects the conformation of the protein upon immobilization.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2021
Abstract: RNA interference has garnered new hope for many difficult to treat diseases that have been “undruggable” using conventional small molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has shown great strides in targeting difficult to treat diseases as siRNA therapeutics are able to efficiently silence specific genes throughout the body. This review highlights major barriers in siRNA delivery and how nanoparticles have been used to circumvent these barriers. The authors outline many of the recent promising preclinical successes in siRNA delivery using nanoparticles. Importantly, the review examines current FDA‐approved siRNA therapeutics and provides a comprehensive analysis of current siRNA candidates in clinical trials. Lastly, the authors discuss future challenges and opportunities in this expansive field of research.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-2017
Abstract: Continuing our research efforts in developing mesoporous silicon nanoparticle-based biomaterials for cancer therapy, we employed here porous silicon nanoparticles as a nanocarrier to deliver contrast agents to diseased cells. Nanoconfinement of small molecule Gd-chelates (L1-Gd) enhanced the T
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-02-2012
Abstract: A novel method for cell reprogramming is been developed by immobilizing nucleic acid transfer vectors containing free amino groups, like lentiviral particles, onto pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFM)-modified surfaces obtained by PFM grafting affter Ar plasma treatment. This technique is able to reprogram murine somatic cells into pluripotent cells at high efficiencies. We call these modified surfaces cell reprogramming surfaces, or CRS.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D0BM01335H
Abstract: Targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to cancer cells has the potential to yield high drug concentrations in cancer cells while minimizing any unwanted side effects.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-11-2017
Abstract: Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) have become a promising nanomaterial for cancer therapy because of their biocompatibility and fluorescent properties. In this study, the effect of ultrasmall protein-stabilized 2 nm Au NCs on six types of mammalian cells (fibroblasts, B-lymphocytes, glioblastoma, neuroblastoma, and two types of prostate cancer cells) under electromagnetic radiation is investigated. Cellular association of Au NCs in vitro is concentration-dependent, and Au NCs have low intrinsic toxicity. However, when Au NC-incubated cells are exposed to a 1 GHz electromagnetic field (microwave radiation), cell viability significantly decreases, thus demonstrating that Au NCs exhibit specific microwave-dependent cytotoxicity, likely resulting from localized heating. Upon i.v. injection in mice, Au NCs are still present at 24 h post administration. Considering the specific microwave-dependent cytotoxicity and low intrinsic toxicity, our work suggests the potential of Au NCs as effective and safe nanomedicines for cancer therapy.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-12-2015
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.22429005.V1
Abstract: Supplementary figures 1-9 and legends.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1053/J.AJKD.2016.03.418
Abstract: Left ventricular mass (LVM) is a widely used surrogate end point in randomized trials involving people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because treatment-induced LVM reductions are assumed to lower cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of LVM as a surrogate end point for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in CKD. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Participants with any stages of CKD. Randomized controlled trials with 3 or more months' follow-up that reported LVM data. Any pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic intervention. The surrogate outcome of interest was LVM change from baseline to last measurement, and clinical outcomes of interest were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of LVM change and relative risk for mortality were estimated using pairwise random-effects meta-analysis. Correlations between surrogate and clinical outcomes were summarized across all interventions combined using bivariate random-effects Bayesian models, and 95% credible intervals were computed. 73 trials (6,732 participants) covering 25 intervention classes were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, risk of bias was uncertain or high. Only 3 interventions reduced LVM: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (9 trials SMD, -0.13 95% CI, -0.23 to -0.03), renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (13 trials SMD, -0.28 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.12), and isosorbide mononitrate (2 trials SMD, -0.43 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.14). All interventions had uncertain effects on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There were weak and imprecise associations between the effects of interventions on LVM change and all-cause (32 trials 5,044 participants correlation coefficient, 0.28 95% credible interval, -0.13 to 0.59) and cardiovascular mortality (13 trials 2,327 participants correlation coefficient, 0.30 95% credible interval, -0.54 to 0.76). Limited long-term data, suboptimal quality of included studies. There was no clear and consistent association between intervention-induced LVM change and mortality. Evidence for LVM as a valid surrogate end point in CKD is currently lacking.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-12-2022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-07-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2019
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 05-02-2021
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-20-2511
Abstract: This study identifies phospholipid elongation as a new metabolic target of androgen action that is critical for prostate tumor metastasis.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 08-12-2015
DOI: 10.1136/ARCHDISCHILD-2015-308564
Abstract: To compare a novel code-word alarm with a commercially available wireless alarm for treating enuresis. A tertiary paediatric centre. Children aged 6–18 with at least 3 wet nights per week in the previous 6 months referred by doctors. Primary outcome: the proportion who achieved a full response (14 consecutive dry nights) by 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes: change in frequency of wetting, duration of alarm training, percentage of wet nights that the child woke to the alarm, adherence to treatment, adverse events and satisfaction with treatment. Of the 353 participants, 176 were assigned to the code-word alarm and 177 to control. At 16 weeks, 54% (95% CI 47% to 61%) in the experimental group and 47% (95% CI 40% to 55%) in the control group had achieved a full response (p=0.22), with 74% and 66%, respectively, attaining a 50% or more reduction in wetting frequency (p=0.14). The experimental group woke more often than the control group (median percentage of waking 88% vs 77%, p=0.003) and had a greater reduction in wet nights (median reduction of 10 vs 9 nights per fortnight). Fewer in the experimental group discontinued therapy before achieving a full response (27% vs 37% discontinued, p=0.04). There were no significant differences in relapse rates at 6 months, adverse events or satisfaction between the two alarms. Although the code-word alarm increased waking, no difference in full response rates was demonstrated between the two alarms. ACTRN12609000070235.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-07-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00467-017-3764-7
Abstract: To determine the population-based prevalence of albuminuria in Australian children and validate any negative correlation with body mass index (BMI). Data from the Australian Health Survey 2011-2013 were used. This is a large-scale survey of the health of the Australian population, conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and uses a stratified, multistage area design with replicate weights attached to observations to allow for the derivation of accurate population estimates. We considered children aged 5-18 years, and defined albuminuria as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) >30 mg/g (3.4 mg/mmol). A total of 975 children provided urine s les for determination of ACR. The prevalence of albuminuria was 10.2% for males (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.1-14.2) and 15.5% for females (95% CI 10.7-20.3). After adjusting for age and gender, the odds ratio for albuminuria associated with being overweight or obese was 0.34 (95% CI 0.15-0.75). This relationship also held for waist-to-height ratio, where the adjusted odds ratio for each 0.1 increase was 0.46 (95% CI 0.26-0.82). Albuminuria, using a measurement suitable for population-based and clinical screening, occurs in 12.8% of school-aged Australian children, and is less common in overweight and obese children.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2016
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-12-2020
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.22429005
Abstract: Supplementary figures 1-9 and legends.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.KINT.2017.03.015
Abstract: Recurrent glomerulonephritis after kidney transplantation is a feared complication because it is unpredictable and may have a negative impact on graft outcomes. To better understand this we collected data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry accumulated over 30 years. The incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of recurrent glomerulonephritis in transplant recipients were determined using adjusted Cox proportional hazard and competing risk modeling. A total of 6,597 recipients with biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis as the primary cause of end-stage kidney disease were followed for 51,871 person-years (median duration 7.7 years). The four most common types of glomerulonephritis were IgA nephropathy in 2501 patients, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in 1403, membranous in 376, and membranoproliferative (MPGN) nephropathy in 357 patients. Among these four types, recurrence was reported in 479 of 4637 patients, and of these, 212 lost their allograft due to recurrence. Older age at transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio [per year increase] 0.96 [95% confidence interval 0.95 - 0.97]) was associated with a lower risk of recurrence. Significantly, the five-year graft survival was 30% for recipients with recurrent MPGN and 57-59% for recipients with FSGS, IgA, and membranous nephropathy. Transplant recipients with recurrent disease were twice as likely to lose their allografts compared to those without recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio 2.04 [1.81-2.31]). Thus, recurrent glomerulonephritis remains a significant cause of graft loss in transplant recipients.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2017
Abstract: There is a pressing need to develop more effective therapeutics to fight cancer. An idyllic chemotherapeutic is expected to overcome drug resistance of tumors and minimize harmful side effects to healthy tissues. Antibody-functionalized porous silicon nanoparticles loaded with a combination of chemotherapy drug and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are developed. These nanocarriers are observed to selectively deliver both payloads, the chemotherapy drug and AuNCs, to human B cells. The accumulation of AuNCs to target cells and subsequent exposure to an external electromagnetic field in the microwave region render them more susceptible to the codelivered drug. This approach represents a targeted two-stage delivery nanocarrier that benefits from a dual therapeutic action that results in enhanced cytotoxicity.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-09-2017
Abstract: In order to address the issue of pathogenic bacterial colonization of diabetic wounds, a more direct and robust approach is required, which relies on a physical form of bacterial destruction in addition to the conventional biochemical approach (i.e., antibiotics). Targeted bacterial destruction through the use of photothermally active nanomaterials has recently come into the spotlight as a viable approach to solving the rising problem of antibiotic resistant microorganisms. Materials with high absorption coefficients in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum show promise as alternative antibacterial therapeutic agents, since they preclude the development of bacterial resistance and can be activated on demand. Here were report on a novel approach for the fabrication of gold nanoparticle decorated porous silicon nanopillars with tunable geometry that demonstrate excellent photothermal conversion properties when irradiated with a 808 nm laser. These photothermal antibacterial properties are demonstrated in vitro against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results show a reduction in bacterial viability of up to 99% after 10 min of laser irradiation. We also show an increase in antibacterial performance after modifying the nanopillars with S. aureus targeting antibodies causing up to a 10-fold increase in bactericidal efficiency compared to E. coli. In contrast, the nanomaterial resulted in minimal disruption of metabolic processes in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) after an equivalent period of irradiation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-11-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-06-2019
Abstract: Gene silencing by RNA interference is a powerful technology with broad applications. However, this technology has been h ered by the instability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in physiological conditions and their inefficient delivery into the cytoplasm of target cells. Porous silicon nanoparticles have emerged as a potential delivery vehicle to overcome these limitations-being able to encapsulate RNA molecules within the porous matrix and protect them from degradation. Here, key variables were investigated that influence siRNA loading into porous silicon nanoparticles. The effect of modifying the surface of porous silicon nanoparticles with various amino-functional molecules as well as the effects of salt and chaotropic agents in facilitating siRNA loading was examined. Maximum siRNA loading of 413 μg/(mg of porous silicon nanoparticles) was found when the nanoparticles were modified by a fourth generation polyamidoamine dendrimer. Low concentrations of urea or salt increased loading capacity: an increase in RNA loading by 19% at a concentration of 0.05 M NaCl or 21% at a concentration of 0.25 M urea was observed when compared to loading in water. Lastly, it was demonstrated that dendrimer-functionalized nanocarriers are able to deliver siRNA against ELOVL5, a target for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-10-2013
DOI: 10.1021/NN404166Q
Abstract: We manipulate the passive release rates of DNA payloads on protein coronas formed around nanoparticles (NPs) by varying the corona composition. The coronas are prepared using a mixture of hard and soft corona proteins. We form coronas around gold nanorods (NRs), nanobones (NBs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from human serum (HS) and find that tuning the amount of human serum albumin (HSA) in the NR-coronas (NR-HS-DNA) changes the payload release profile. The effect of buffer strength, HS concentration, and concentration of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) passivating the NP surfaces on passive release is explored. We find that corona properties play an important role in passive release, and concentrations of CTAB, HS, and phosphate buffer used in corona formation can tune payload release profiles. These advances in understanding protein corona properties bring us closer toward developing a set of basic design rules that enable their manipulation and optimization for particular biological applications.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-12-2014
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-03-2017
Abstract: Gene therapy has arisen as a pioneering technique to treat diseases by direct employment of nucleic acids as medicine. The major historical problem is to develop efficient and safe systems for the delivery of therapeutic genes into the target cells. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have demonstrated considerable promise as delivery vectors due to their (i) high aspect ratio and (ii) capacity to translocate through plasma membranes, known as the nanoneedle effect. To leverage these advantages, close attention needs to be paid to the physicochemical characteristics of the CNTs used. CNTs with different diameters (thinner and thicker) were treated by chemical oxidation to produce shorter fragments. Rigid (thick) and flexible (thin) CNTs, and their shortened versions, were coated with polyallylamine (ppAA) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The ppAA coating leads to a positively charged CNT surface that is able to electrostatically bind the green fluorescent protein plasmid reporter. This study shows how rigidity and length can affect their (i) behavior in biological media, (ii) ability to transfect in vitro, and (iii) biodistribution in vivo. This study also generates a set of basic design rules for the development of more efficient CNT-based gene-delivery vectors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-01-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-04-2022
Abstract: Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) are widely utilized as drug carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility, large surface area, and versatile surface chemistry. However, the dispersion in pore size and biodegradability of pSiNPs arguably have hindered the application of pSiNPs for controlled drug release. Here, a step‐changing solution to this problem is described involving the design, synthesis, and application of three different linker‐drug conjugates comprising anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and different stimulus‐cleavable linkers (SCLs) including the photocleavable linker ( ortho ‐nitrobenzyl), pH‐cleavable linker (hydrazone), and enzyme‐cleavable linker ( β ‐glucuronide). These SCL‐DOX conjugates are covalently attached to the surface of pSiNP via copper (I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC, i.e., click reaction) to afford pSiNP‐SCL‐DOXs. The mass loading of the covalent conjugation approach for pSiNP‐SCL‐DOX reaches over 250 µg of DOX per mg of pSiNPs, which is notably twice the mass loading achieved by noncovalent loading. Moreover, the covalent conjugation between SCL‐DOX and pSiNPs endows the pSiNPs with excellent stability and highly controlled release behavior. When tested in both in vitro and in vivo tumor models, the pSiNP‐SCL‐DOXs induces excellent tumor growth inhibition.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2021
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 31-03-2023
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.C.6513210.V1
Abstract: Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) is the key oncogenic driver of prostate cancer, and despite implementation of novel AR targeting therapies, outcomes for metastatic disease remain dismal. There is an urgent need to better understand androgen-regulated cellular processes to more effectively target the AR dependence of prostate cancer cells through new therapeutic vulnerabilities. Transcriptomic studies have consistently identified lipid metabolism as a hallmark of enhanced AR signaling in prostate cancer, yet the relationship between AR and the lipidome remains undefined. Using mass spectrometry–based lipidomics, this study reveals increased fatty acyl chain length in phospholipids from prostate cancer cells and patient-derived explants as one of the most striking androgen-regulated changes to lipid metabolism. Potent and direct AR-mediated induction of ELOVL fatty acid elongase 5 (ELOVL5), an enzyme that catalyzes fatty acid elongation, was demonstrated in prostate cancer cells, xenografts, and clinical tumors. Assessment of mRNA and protein in large-scale data sets revealed ELOVL5 as the predominant ELOVL expressed and upregulated in prostate cancer compared with nonmalignant prostate. ELOVL5 depletion markedly altered mitochondrial morphology and function, leading to excess generation of reactive oxygen species and resulting in suppression of prostate cancer cell proliferation, 3D growth, and i in vivo /i tumor growth and metastasis. Supplementation with the monounsaturated fatty acid cis-vaccenic acid, a direct product of ELOVL5 elongation, reversed the oxidative stress and associated cell proliferation and migration effects of ELOVL5 knockdown. Collectively, these results identify lipid elongation as a protumorigenic metabolic pathway in prostate cancer that is androgen-regulated, critical for metastasis, and targetable via ELOVL5. Significance: This study identifies phospholipid elongation as a new metabolic target of androgen action that is critical for prostate tumor metastasis. /
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/PHARMACEUTICS15051389
Abstract: Despite the clinical benefits that chemotherapeutics has had on the treatment of breast cancer, drug resistance remains one of the main obstacles to curative cancer therapy. Nanomedicines allow therapeutics to be more targeted and effective, resulting in enhanced treatment success, reduced side effects, and the possibility of minimising drug resistance by the co-delivery of therapeutic agents. Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) have been established as efficient vectors for drug delivery. Their high surface area makes them an ideal carrier for the administration of multiple therapeutics, providing the means to apply multiple attacks to the tumour. Moreover, immobilising targeting ligands on the pSiNP surface helps direct them selectively to cancer cells, thereby reducing harm to normal tissues. Here, we engineered breast cancer-targeted pSiNPs co-loaded with an anticancer drug and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). AuNCs have the capacity to induce hyperthermia when exposed to a radiofrequency field. Using monolayer and 3D cell cultures, we demonstrate that the cell-killing efficacy of combined hyperthermia and chemotherapy via targeted pSiNPs is 1.5-fold higher than applying monotherapy and 3.5-fold higher compared to using a nontargeted system with combined therapeutics. The results not only demonstrate targeted pSiNPs as a successful nanocarrier for combination therapy but also confirm it as a versatile platform with the potential to be used for personalised medicine.
Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-06-2023
DOI: 10.1002/JEV2.12332
Abstract: The release of growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix modifiers by activated platelets is an important step in the process of healthy wound healing. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by activated platelets carry this bioactive cargo in an enriched form, and may therefore represent a potential therapeutic for the treatment of delayed wound healing, such as chronic wounds. While EVs show great promise in regenerative medicine, their production at clinical scale remains a critical challenge and their tolerability in humans is still to be fully established. In this work, we demonstrate that Ligand‐based Exosome Affinity Purification (LEAP) chromatography can successfully isolate platelet EVs (pEVs) of clinical grade from activated platelets, which retain the regenerative properties of the parent cell. LEAP‐isolated pEVs display the expected biophysical features of EV populations and transport essential proteins in wound healing processes, including insulin growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐ß). In vitro studies show that pEVs induce proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts and increase dermal endothelial cells' angiogenic potential, demonstrating their wound healing potential. pEV treatment activates the ERK and Akt signalling pathways within recipient cells. In a first‐in‐human, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase I clinical trial of healthy volunteer adults, designed primarily to assess safety in the context of wound healing, we demonstrate that injections of LEAP‐purified pEVs in formulation buffer are safe and well tolerated (Plexoval II study, ACTRN12620000944932). As a secondary objective, biological activity in the context of wound healing rate was assessed. In this cohort of healthy participants, in which the wound bed would not be expected to be deficient in the bioactive cargo that pEVs carry, all wounds healed rapidly and completely and no difference in time to wound closure of the treated and untreated wounds was observed at the single dose tested. The outcomes of this study evidence that pEVs manufactured through the LEAP process can be injected safely in humans as a potential wound healing treatment, and warrant further study in clinical trials designed expressly to assess therapeutic efficacy in patients with delayed or disrupted wound healing.
Location: Australia
Location: United States of America
Start Date: 2017
End Date: 2018
Funder: Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia
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