ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8304-8004
Current Organisations
Nursing Council of New Zealand
,
Auckland University of Technology
,
The University of Auckland
,
Counties Manukau District Health Board , Counties Manukau Health
,
Counties Manukau District Health Board
,
International Lactation Consultant Association
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13882_52
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13882_75
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.14410_45
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-03-2023
Abstract: Identify independent and novel risk factors for late‐preterm (28–36 weeks) and term (≥37 weeks) stillbirth and explore development of a risk‐prediction model. Secondary analysis of an In idual Participant Data (IPD) meta‐analysis investigating modifiable stillbirth risk factors. An IPD database from five case–control studies in New Zealand, Australia, the UK and an international online study. Women with late‐stillbirth (cases, n = 851), and ongoing singleton pregnancies from 28 weeks’ gestation (controls, n = 2257). Established and novel risk factors for late‐preterm and term stillbirth underwent univariable and multivariable logistic regression modelling with multiple sensitivity analyses. Variables included maternal age, body mass index (BMI), parity, mental health, cigarette smoking, second‐hand smoking, antenatal‐care utilisation, and detailed fetal movement and sleep variables. Independent risk factors with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for late‐preterm and term stillbirth. After model building, 575 late‐stillbirth cases and 1541 controls from three contributing case–control studies were included. Risk factor estimates from separate multivariable models of late‐preterm and term stillbirth were compared. As these were similar, the final model combined all late‐stillbirths. The single multivariable model confirmed established demographic risk factors, but additionally showed that fetal movement changes had both increased (decreased frequency) and reduced (hiccoughs, increasing strength, frequency or vigorous fetal movements) aOR of stillbirth. Poor antenatal‐care utilisation increased risk while more‐than‐adequate care was protective. The area‐under‐the‐curve was 0.84 (95% CI 0.82–0.86). Similarities in risk factors for late‐preterm and term stillbirth suggest the same approach for risk‐assessment can be applied. Detailed fetal movement assessment and inclusion of antenatal‐care utilisation could be valuable in late‐stillbirth risk assessment.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2017-020031
Abstract: To report perception of fetal movements in women who experienced a stillbirth compared with controls at a similar gestation with a live birth. Case–control study. 41 maternity units in the UK. Cases were women who had a late stillbirth ≥28 weeks gestation (n=291) and controls were women with an ongoing pregnancy at the time of the interview (n=733). Controls were frequency matched to cases by obstetric unit and gestational age. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which included questions on maternal perception of fetal movement (frequency, strength, increased and decreased movements and hiccups) in the 2 weeks before the interview/stillbirth. Five fetal movement patterns were identified incorporating the changes in strength and frequency in the last 2 weeks by combining groups of similar pattern and risk. Multivariable analysis adjusted for known confounders. Association of maternally perceived fetal movements in relation to late stillbirth. In multivariable analyses, women who reported increased strength of movements in the last 2 weeks had decreased risk of late stillbirth compared with those whose movements were unchanged (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.18, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.26). Women with decreased frequency (without increase in strength) of fetal movements were at increased risk (aOR 4.51, 95% CI 2.38 to 8.55). Daily perception of fetal hiccups was protective (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.56). Increased strength of fetal movements and fetal hiccups is associated with decreased risk of stillbirth. Alterations in frequency of fetal movements are important in identifying pregnancies at increased risk of stillbirth, with the greatest risk in women noting a reduction in fetal activity. Clinical guidance should be updated to reflect that increase in strength and frequency of fetal movements is associated with the lowest risk of stillbirth, and that decreased fetal movements are associated with stillbirth. NCT02025530 .
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.14409_85
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-07-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-46323-4
Abstract: We investigated fetal movement quality and pattern and association with late stillbirth in this multicentre case-control study. Cases (n = 164) had experienced a non-anomalous singleton late stillbirth. Controls (n = 569) were at a similar gestation with non-anomalous singleton ongoing pregnancy. Data on perceived fetal movements were collected via interviewer-administered questionnaire. We compared categorical fetal movement variables between cases and controls using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for possible confounders. In multivariable analysis, maternal perception of the following fetal movement variables was associated with decreased risk of late stillbirth multiple instances of ‘more vigorous than usual’ fetal movement (aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.32–0.82), daily perception of fetal hiccups (aOR 0.28, 95%CI 0.15–0.52), and perception of increased length of fetal movement clusters or ‘busy times’ (aOR 0.23, 95%CI 0.11–0.47). Conversely, the following maternally perceived fetal movement variables were associated with increased risk of late stillbirth decreased frequency of fetal movements (aOR 2.29, 95%CI 1.31–4.0), and perception of ‘quiet or light’ fetal movement in the evening (aOR 3.82, 95%CI 1.57–9.31). In conclusion, women with stillbirth were more likely than controls to have experienced alterations in fetal movement, including decreased strength, frequency and in particular a fetus that was ‘quiet’ in the evening.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.EARLHUMDEV.2019.104922
Abstract: Maternal reports of decreased fetal movements are associated with adverse pregnancy outcome, but there are conflicting data about perception of fetal movements in women with obesity. To compare perceived fetal movements in women with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m Data from two separate pregnancy studies were used for this analysis the Healthy Mums and Babies (HUMBA) trial, which recruited women with obesity and the Multicentre Stillbirth Study (MCSS), which recruited women from a general obstetric population. Fetal movement data were collected using identical interviewer-administered questionnaire in each study. We compared fetal movement strength, frequency and pattern between HUMBA and MCSS women with obesity and MCSS women with normal BMI. Participants were 233 women with obesity and 149 with normal BMI. Mean (SD) gestation at interview was similar between groups (36.9 [2.2] vs 36.6 [0.9], P = 0.06). Perceived fetal movement strength and frequency did not differ between groups. In both women with obesity and normal BMI, a diurnal fetal movement pattern was present, with the majority reporting strong or moderate movements in the evening (88.7% vs 99.3%) and at night-time (92.1% vs 93.1%). Women with obesity, were more likely to report strong fetal movements when hungry (29.1% vs 17.7%, P = 0.001) and quiet fetal movements after eating (47.4% vs 32.0%, P = 0.001). In women with obesity compared to normal BMI, strength and frequency of fetal movements were similar, although patterns were altered in relation to maternal meals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.14409_86
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 02-10-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JMWH.12689
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13194
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-06-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AJO.12790
Abstract: For parents who experience stillbirth, knowing the cause of their baby's death is important. A post mortem examination is the gold standard investigation, but little is known about what may influence parents' decisions to accept or decline. We aimed to identify factors influencing maternal decision-making about post mortem examination after late stillbirth. In the New Zealand Multicentre Stillbirth Study, 169 women with singleton pregnancies, no known abnormality at recruitment, and late stillbirth (≥28weeks gestation), from seven health regions were interviewed within six weeks of birth. The purpose of this paper was to explore factors related to post mortem examination decision-making and the reasons for declining. We asked women if they would make the same decision again. Maternal decision to decline a post mortem (70/169, 41.4%) was more common among women of Māori (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.99 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.70-14.64) and Pacific (aOR 3.94 95% CI 1.47-10.54) ethnicity compared to European, and parity two or more (aOR 2.95 95% CI 1.14-7.62) compared to primiparous. The main reason for declining was that women 'did not want baby to be cut'. Ten percent (7/70) who declined said they would not make this decision again. No woman who consented regretted her decision. Ethnic differences observed in women's post mortem decision-making should be further explored in future studies. Providing information of the effect of post mortem on the baby's body and the possible emotional benefits of a post mortem may assist women faced with this decision in the future.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2019.03.010
Abstract: Prioritisation of stillbirth research in high-income countries is required to address preventable stillbirth. However, concern is raised by ethics committees, maternity providers and families, when pregnant and bereaved women are approached to participate. Our aim was to 1) assess factors influencing recruitment in a multicentre case-control stillbirth study and 2) gain insight into how women felt about their participation. Eligible women were contacted through maternity providers from seven New Zealand health regions in 2011-2015. Cases had a recent singleton non-anomalous late stillbirth (≥28 weeks' gestation). Controls were randomly selected and matched for region and gestation. Participants were interviewed by a research midwife and given a feedback form asking their views about participation. Feedback was evaluated using thematic analysis. 169 (66.5%) of 254 eligible cases and 569 (62.2%) of 915 eligible controls were recruited. Non-participants consisted of 263 (22.5% of eligible) women who declined, 108 (9.2% of eligible) uncontactable women, and 60 (5.1% of eligible) women declined by the maternity provider, with no significant differences between the proportion of non-participating cases and controls in each of these three categories. The majority (63.2%) of women did not provide a specific reason for non-participation. Written feedback was provided by 111 participants (cases 15.3%, controls 14.9%) and all described their involvement positively. Feedback themes identified were 'motivation to participate,' 'ease of participation,' and 'post-participation positivity.' Identification of recruitment barriers and our reassuring participant feedback may assist women's participation in future research and support progress towards stillbirth prevention.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-10-2020
Abstract: To investigate behavioural and social characteristics of women who experienced a late stillbirth compared with women with ongoing live pregnancies at similar gestation. Case-control study. 41 maternity units in the UK. Women who had a stillbirth ≥28 weeks' gestation (n = 287) and women with an ongoing pregnancy at the time of interview (n = 714). Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which included questions regarding women's behaviours (e.g. alcohol intake and household smoke exposure) and social characteristics (e.g. ethnicity, employment, housing). Stress was measured by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. Late stillbirth. Multivariable analysis adjusting for co-existing social and behavioural factors showed women living in the most deprived quintile had an increased risk of stillbirth compared with the least deprived quintile (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 3.16 95% CI 1.47-6.77). There was an increased risk of late stillbirth associated with unemployment (aOR 2.32 95% CI 1.00-5.38) and women who declined to answer the question about domestic abuse (aOR 4.12 95% CI 2.49-6.81). A greater number of antenatal visits than recommended was associated with a reduction in stillbirth (aOR 0.26 95% CI 0.16-0.42). This study demonstrates associations between late stillbirth and socio-economic deprivation, perceived stress and domestic abuse, highlighting the need for strategies to prevent stillbirth to extend beyond maternity care. Enhanced antenatal care may be able to mitigate some of the increased risk of stillbirth. Deprivation, unemployment, social stress & declining to answer about domestic abuse increase risk of #stillbirth after 28 weeks' gestation.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2017
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-047681
Abstract: A ‘Sleep-On-Side When Baby’s Inside’ public health c aign was initiated in New Zealand in 2018. This was in response to evidence that maternal supine going-to-sleep position was an independent risk factor for stillbirth from 28 weeks’ gestation. We evaluated the success of the c aign on awareness and modification of late pregnancy going-to-sleep position through nationwide surveys. Two web-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted over 12 weeks in 2019–2020 in a s le of (1) pregnant women ≥28 weeks, primary outcome of going-to-sleep position and (2) health professionals providing pregnancy care, primary outcome of knowledge of going-to-sleep position and late stillbirth risk. Univariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with supine going-to-sleep position. The survey of pregnant women comprised 1633 eligible participants. Going-to-sleep position last night was supine (30, 1.8%), non-supine (1597, 97.2%) and no recall (16, 1.0%). Supine position had decreased from 3.9% in our previous New Zealand-wide study (2012–2015). Most women (1412, 86.5%) had received sleep-on-side advice with no major resultant worry (1276, 90.4%). Two-thirds (918, 65.0%) had changed their going-to-sleep position based on advice, with most (611 of 918, 66.5%) reporting little difficulty. Supine position was associated with Māori (OR 5.05, 95% CI 2.10 to 12.1) and Asian-non-Indian (OR 4.20, 95% CI 1.27 to 13.90) ethnicity single (OR 10.98, 95% CI 4.25 to 28.42) and cohabitating relationship status (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.09 to 6.61) hospital-based maternity provider (OR 2.55, 95% CI 1.07 to 6.10) education overseas (OR 3.92, 95% CI 1.09 to 14.09) and primary-secondary level (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.32 to 6.08) and not receiving sleep-on-side advice (OR 6.70, 95% CI 3.23 to 13.92). The majority of health professionals (709 eligible participants) reported awareness of supine going-to-sleep position and late stillbirth risk (543, 76.6%). Most pregnant women had received and implemented sleep-on-side advice without major difficulty or concern. Some groups of women may need a tailored approach to acquisition of going-to-sleep position information.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2017.11.010
Abstract: Second-degree tears are the most common form of perineal trauma occurring after vaginal birth managed by New Zealand midwives, although little is known about midwives' perineal practice. The aim of this study was to identify how midwives managed the last second-degree perineal tear they treated and the level to which their practice reflects National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. An (anonymous) online survey was conducted over a six-week period in 2013. New Zealand midwives who self-identified as currently practising perineal management and could recall management of the last second-degree tear they treated were included in the analysis. Of those invited, 645 (57.1% self-employed, 42.9% employed) were eligible and completed surveys. Self-employed midwives reported greater confidence (88.0% vs 74.4%, p<0.001) and more recent experience (85.1% vs 57.4%, p<0.001) with perineal repair than employed midwives. Midwives who left the last second-degree tear unsutured (7.3%) were more likely to report low confidence (48.9% vs 15.4%, p<0.001) and less recent experience with repair (53.2% vs 24.7%, p<0.001), and were less likely to report a digital-rectal examination (10.6% vs 49.0%, p<0.001), compared to midwives who sutured. Care consistent with evidence-based guidelines (performing a digital-rectal examination, 59.4% vs 49.3% p=0.005 optimal suturing techniques, 62.2% vs 48.7%, p=0.001) was associated with recent perineal education. Midwives' management of the last second-degree perineal tear is variable and influenced by factors including: employment status, experience, confidence, and perineal education. There is potential for improvement in midwives' management through increased uptake of evidence-based guidelines and through ongoing education.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/AJO.13626
Abstract: The New Zealand (NZ) Ministry of Health ethnicity data protocols recommend that people of South Asian (SAsian) ethnicity, other than Indian, are combined with people of Japanese and Korean ethnicity at the most commonly used level of aggregation in health research (level two). This may not work well for perinatal studies, as it has long been observed that women of Indian ethnicity have higher rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as perinatal death. It is possible that women of other SAsian ethnicities share this risk. This study was performed to identify appropriate groupings of women of SAsian ethnicity for perinatal research. National maternity and neonatal data, and singleton birth records between 2008 and 2017 were linked using the Statistics NZ Integrated Data Infrastructure. Socio‐demographic risk profiles and pregnancy outcomes were compared between 15 ethnic groups. Recommendations were made based on statistical analyses and cultural evaluation with members of the SAsian research community. Similarities were observed between women of Indian, Fijian Indian, South African Indian, Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi and Pakistani ethnicities. A lower‐risk profile was seen among Japanese and Korean mothers. Risk profiles of women of combined Indian‐Māori, Indian‐Pacific and Indian‐New Zealand European ethnicity more closely represented their corresponding non‐Indian ethnicities. Based on these findings, we suggest a review of current NZ Ministry of Health ethnicity data protocols. We recommend that researchers understand the risk profiles of participants prior to aggregation of groups in research, to mitigate risks associated with masking differences.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13882_1
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13882_19
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JPC.13882_59
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-08-2023
DOI: 10.1111/AOGS.14652
Abstract: Maternal perception of fetal movements during pregnancy are reassuring however, the perception of a reduction in movements are concerning to women and known to be associated with increased odds of late stillbirth. Prior to full term, little evidence exists to provide guidelines on how to proceed unless there is an immediate risk to the fetus. Increased strength of movement is the most commonly reported perception of women through to full term, but perception of movement is also hypothesized to be influenced by fetal size. The study aimed to assess the pattern of maternal perception of strength and frequency of fetal movement by gestation and customized birthweight quartile in ongoing pregnancies. A further aim was to assess the association of stillbirth to perception of fetal movements stratified by customized birthweight quartile. This analysis was an in idual participant data meta‐analyses of five case–control studies investigating factors associated with stillbirth. The dataset included 851 cases of women with late stillbirth ( weeks' gestation) and 2257 women with ongoing pregnancies who then had a liveborn infant. The frequency of prioritized fetal movement from 28 weeks' gestation showed a similar pattern for each quartile of birthweight with increased strength being the predominant perception of fetal movement through to full term. The odds of stillbirth associated with reduced fetal movements was increased in all quartiles of customized birthweight centiles but was notably greater in babies in the lowest two quartiles (Q1: adjusted OR: 9.34, 95% CI: 5.43, 16.06 and Q2: adjusted OR: 6.11, 95% CI: 3.11, 11.99). The decreased odds associated with increased strength of movement was present for all customized birthweight quartiles (adjusted OR range: 0.25–0.56). Increased strength of fetal movements in late pregnancy is a positive finding irrespective of fetal size. However, reduced fetal movements are associated with stillbirth, and more so when the fetus is small.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-02-2020
DOI: 10.1002/IJGO.13110
Abstract: To develop global consensus on a set of evidence‐based core principles for bereavement care after stillbirth. A modified policy‐Delphi methodology was used to consult international stakeholders and healthcare workers with experience in stillbirth between September 2017 and October 2018. Five sequential rounds involved two expert stakeholder meetings and three internet‐based surveys, including a global internet‐based survey targeted at healthcare workers in a wide range of settings. Initially, 23 expert stakeholders considered 43 evidence‐based themes derived from systematic reviews, identifying 10 core principles. The global survey received 236 responses from participants in 26 countries, after which nine principles met a priori criteria for inclusion. The final stakeholder meeting and internet‐based survey of all participants confirmed consensus on eight core principles. Highest quality bereavement care should be enabled through training of healthcare staff to reduce stigma and establish respectful care, including acknowledgement and support for grief responses, and provision for physical and psychologic needs. Women and families should be supported to make informed choices, including those concerning their future reproductive health. Consensus was established for eight principles for stillbirth bereavement care. Further work should explore implementation and involve the voices of women and families globally.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-03-2020
Location: No location found
Location: New Zealand
No related grants have been discovered for Robin Cronin.