ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3789-1009
Current Organisation
Australian Institute of Marine Science
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Natural Resource Management | Environmental Science and Management | Ecology | Environmental Impact Assessment | Chemical Oceanography | Atmospheric Sciences | Marine And Estuarine Ecology (Incl. Marine Ichthyology) | Climatology (Incl. Palaeoclimatology) | Chemical Oceanography | Ecological Impacts of Climate Change | Oceanography Not Elsewhere Classified | Geochemistry | Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience | Oceanography | Biological Oceanography | Environmental Management And Rehabilitation | Climate Change Processes | Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology) | Palaeoecology | Other Chemical Sciences | Environmental Management | Conservation and Biodiversity | Soil And Water Sciences Not Elsewhere Classified | Environmental Monitoring | Palaeoecology | Conservation And Biodiversity | Geochemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Palaeoclimatology | Analytical Spectrometry | Ecological Applications | Global Change Biology | Environment And Resource Economics | Biological Oceanography | Isotope Geochemistry | Physical Oceanography | Ecosystem Function | Environmental Chemistry (Incl. Atmospheric Chemistry) |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Climate change | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Land and water management | Climate variability | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Marine Environments | Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Australia (excl. Social Impacts) | Land and water management | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Living resources (incl. impacts of fishing on non-target species) | Land and water management | Physical and chemical conditions | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Coastal and Estuarine Environments | Marine Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity | Global climate change adaptation measures | Climate Variability (excl. Social Impacts) | Marine protected areas | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Physical and chemical conditions | Regional planning | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Marine Environments
Related Links
Publications
Impact of skeletal dissolution and secondary aragonite on trace element and isotopic climate proxies inPoritescorals
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-10-2007
DOI: 10.1029/2007PA001462
Modelling coral calcification accounting for the impacts of coral bleaching and ocean acidification
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 05-05-2015
Abstract: Abstract. Coral reefs are erse ecosystems that are threatened by rising CO2 levels through increases in sea surface temperature and ocean acidification. Here we present a new unified model that links changes in temperature and carbonate chemistry to coral health. Changes in coral health and population are explicitly modelled by linking rates of growth, recovery and calcification to rates of bleaching and temperature-stress-induced mortality. The model is underpinned by four key principles: the Arrhenius equation, thermal specialisation, correlated up- and down-regulation of traits that are consistent with resource allocation trade-offs, and adaption to local environments. These general relationships allow this model to be constructed from a range of experimental and observational data. The performance of the model is assessed against independent data to demonstrate how it can capture the observed response of corals to stress. We also provide new insights into the factors that determine calcification rates and provide a framework based on well-known biological principles to help understand the observed global distribution of calcification rates. Our results suggest that, despite the implicit complexity of the coral reef environment, a simple model based on temperature, carbonate chemistry and different species can give insights into how corals respond to changes in temperature and ocean acidification.
Possible relationships between environmental variables and skeletal density in a coral colony from the central Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1989
Temporal variation of light availability in coastal benthic habitats: Effects of clouds, turbidity, and tides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2004
Spatial and temporal patterns of mass bleaching of corals in the Anthropocene
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 05-01-2018
Abstract: Coral bleaching occurs when stressful conditions result in the expulsion of the algal partner from the coral. Before anthropogenic climate warming, such events were relatively rare, allowing for recovery of the reef between events. Hughes et al. looked at 100 reefs globally and found that the average interval between bleaching events is now less than half what it was before. Such narrow recovery windows do not allow for full recovery. Furthermore, warming events such as El Niño are warmer than previously, as are general ocean conditions. Such changes are likely to make it more and more difficult for reefs to recover between stressful events. Science , this issue p. 80
Carbonate clumped isotope variability in shallow water corals: Temperature dependence and growth-related vital effects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
The Southern Oscillation and tree rings: 1600-1961.
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 09-1985
Intra-annual timing of density band formation of Porites coral from the central Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1990
1997-98: Unprecedented thermal stress to coral reefs?
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2000
DOI: 10.1029/2000GL011715
Has Nitrogen Supply to Coral Reefs in the South Pacific Ocean Changed Over the Past 50 Thousand Years?
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1029/2019PA003587
Ocean Science: Preindustrial to modern interdecadal variability in coral reef pH
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 30-09-2005
Abstract: The oceans are becoming more acidic due to absorption of anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems is unclear, but it will likely depend on species adaptability and the rate of change of seawater pH relative to its natural variability. To constrain the natural variability in reef-water pH, we measured boron isotopic compositions in a ∼300-year-old massive Porites coral from the southwestern Pacific. Large variations in pH are found over ∼50-year cycles that covary with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation of ocean-atmosphere anomalies, suggesting that natural pH cycles can modulate the impact of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems.
Effect of intraband variability on stable isotope and density time series obtained from banded corals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1007/BF02719158
Environmental drivers of growth in massive Porites corals over 16 degrees of latitude along Australia's northwest shelf
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-2016
DOI: 10.1002/LNO.10244
Evidence for suppressed mid-Holocene northeastern Australian monsoon variability from coral luminescence
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1002/2014PA002630
Trace analysis of hydrocarbons in coral cores from Saudi Arabia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Observed climate change in Australian marine and freshwater environments
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/MF10272
Abstract: The consequences of human activities increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases are already being felt in marine and terrestrial environments. More energy has been trapped in the global climate system, resulting in warming of land and sea temperatures. About 30% of the extra atmospheric carbon dioxide has been absorbed by the oceans, increasing their acidity. Thermal expansion and some melting of land-based ice have caused sea level to rise. Significant climate changes have now been observed across Australia and its coastal seas. The clearest signal is the warming of air and sea temperatures and the rates of warming have accelerated since the mid-20th century. Ocean warming has been higher than the global average around Australia, especially off south-eastern Australia. Changes in Australia’s hydrological regime are more difficult to differentiate from the high natural inter-annual variability. Recent trends towards drier winters in south-western Western Australia and part of southern Australia appear, however, to be largely attributable to human-induced climate change. Even without significant changes in average rainfall, warmer temperatures increase evaporative losses, enhance the intensity of recent droughts and reduce river flows. Sustained and coordinated monitoring of the physical environment, especially lacking for Australia’s freshwater ecosystems, is important to assess the magnitude and biological consequences of ongoing changes.
Great Barrier Reef coral luminescence reveals rainfall variability over northeastern Australia since the 17th century
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-04-2011
DOI: 10.1029/2010PA002050
Coral growth bands: A new and easy to use paleothermometer in paleoenvironment analysis and paleoceanography (late Miocene, Greece)
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-2006
DOI: 10.1029/2006PA001288
Rainfall variations in Queensland, Australia: 1891–1986
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1991
Simple models of density band formation in massive corals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1993
Climate change and coral reef connectivity
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-01-2009
Interdecadal climate variability in the Coral Sea since 1708 A.D.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Projected climate change in Australian marine and freshwater environments
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/MF10302
Abstract: Changes in the physical environment of aquatic systems consistent with climate change have been reported across Australia, with impacts on many marine and freshwater species. The future state of aquatic environments can be estimated by extrapolation of historical trends. However, because the climate is a complex non-linear system, a more process-based approach is probably required, in particular the use of dynamical projections using climate models. Because global climate models operate on spatial scales that typically are too coarse for aquatic biologists, statistical or dynamical downscaling of model output is proposed. Challenges in using climate projections exist however, projections for some marine and freshwater systems are possible. Higher oceanic temperatures are projected around Australia, particularly for south-eastern Australia. The East Australia Current is projected to transport greater volumes of water southward, whereas the Leeuwin Current on the western coast may weaken. On land, projections suggest that air temperatures will rise and rainfall will decline across much of Australia in coming decades. Together, these changes will result in reduced runoff and hence reduced stream flow and lake storage. Present climate models are particularly limited with regard to coastal and freshwater systems, making the models challenging to use for biological-impact and adaptation studies.
Comparisons of skeletal density variations in Porites from the central Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1992
Palaeohydrological variation in a tropical river catchment: A reconstruction using fluorescent bands in corals of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1191/095968398670905088
Abstract: Massive, long-lived corals in inshore waters of the Great Barrier Reef contain yellow-green fluorescent bands. These bands are due to terrestrial humic and fulvic compounds incorporated into the coral skeleton during high river flow events. Fluorescence measurements are presented for two colonies of Porites spp. from locations in the path of the Burdekin River floodwaters the major river in north Queensland draining into the Coral Sea. The records extend from AD 1737 to 1980 and 1644 to 1986, respectively. The two independent coral records show a high degree of similarity. The two series are combined and used to reconstruct Burdekin River runoff for the period AD 1644 to 1980. The regression model accounts for 83% of the annual (water year) variability of Burdekin River flow and is verified over independent data. The 337-year reconstruction thus increases by threefold the length of record for considering interannual to decadal climate variations in northeast Australia. Instrumental and reconstructed Burdekin River runoff are closely related to an index of summer monsoon rainfall in Queensland. Thus, the reconstruction provides insights into the behaviour over the past three centuries of both a major tropical river system and the highly variable summer monsoon rainfall in northeast Australia. The reconstructed series shows wetter conditions (higher runoff) in the late-seventeenth to mid-eighteenth centuries and in the late-nineteenth century. Drier conditions (lower runoff) are reconstructed in the late-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries and in the mid-twentieth century.
Growth and luminescence characteristics in skeletons of massive Porites from a depth gradient in the central Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
Measurement of density in slices of coral skeleton: effect of densitometer beam diameter
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1990
The coral reef crisis: The critical importance of<350ppm CO2
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2009.09.009
Abstract: Temperature-induced mass coral bleaching causing mortality on a wide geographic scale started when atmospheric CO(2) levels exceeded approximately 320 ppm. When CO(2) levels reached approximately 340 ppm, sporadic but highly destructive mass bleaching occurred in most reefs world-wide, often associated with El Niño events. Recovery was dependent on the vulnerability of in idual reef areas and on the reef's previous history and resilience. At today's level of approximately 387 ppm, allowing a lag-time of 10 years for sea temperatures to respond, most reefs world-wide are committed to an irreversible decline. Mass bleaching will in future become annual, departing from the 4 to 7 years return-time of El Niño events. Bleaching will be exacerbated by the effects of degraded water-quality and increased severe weather events. In addition, the progressive onset of ocean acidification will cause reduction of coral growth and retardation of the growth of high magnesium calcite-secreting coralline algae. If CO(2) levels are allowed to reach 450 ppm (due to occur by 2030-2040 at the current rates), reefs will be in rapid and terminal decline world-wide from multiple synergies arising from mass bleaching, ocean acidification, and other environmental impacts. Damage to shallow reef communities will become extensive with consequent reduction of bio ersity followed by extinctions. Reefs will cease to be large-scale nursery grounds for fish and will cease to have most of their current value to humanity. There will be knock-on effects to ecosystems associated with reefs, and to other pelagic and benthic ecosystems. Should CO(2) levels reach 600 ppm reefs will be eroding geological structures with populations of surviving biota restricted to refuges. Domino effects will follow, affecting many other marine ecosystems. This is likely to have been the path of great mass extinctions of the past, adding to the case that anthropogenic CO(2) emissions could trigger the Earth's sixth mass extinction.
The influence of temperature and vital effects on magnesium isotope variability in Porites and Astrangia corals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Drought variability in the eastern Australia and New Zealand summer drought atlas (ANZDA, CE 1500-2012) modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-11-2015
Density measurements and the interpretation of X-radiographic images of slices of skeleton from the colonial hard coral Porites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1989
Declining Coral Calcification on the Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 02-01-2009
Abstract: Reef-building corals are under increasing physiological stress from a changing climate and ocean absorption of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. We investigated 328 colonies of massive Porites corals from 69 reefs of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) in Australia. Their skeletal records show that throughout the GBR, calcification has declined by 14.2% since 1990, predominantly because extension (linear growth) has declined by 13.3%. The data suggest that such a severe and sudden decline in calcification is unprecedented in at least the past 400 years. Calcification increases linearly with increasing large-scale sea surface temperature but responds nonlinearly to annual temperature anomalies. The causes of the decline remain unknown however, this study suggests that increasing temperature stress and a declining saturation state of seawater aragonite may be diminishing the ability of GBR corals to deposit calcium carbonate.
Evidence of reduced mid-Holocene ENSO variance on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016PA002967
An assessment of an environmental gradient using coral geochemical records, Whitsunday Islands, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.MARPOLBUL.2011.09.030
Abstract: Coral cores were collected along an environmental and water quality gradient through the Whitsunday Island group, Great Barrier Reef (Australia), for trace element and stable isotope analysis. The primary aim of the study was to examine if this gradient could be detected in coral records and, if so, whether the gradient has changed over time with changing land use in the adjacent river catchments. Y/Ca was the trace element ratio which varied spatially across the gradient, with concentrations progressively decreasing away from the river mouths. The Ba/Ca and Y/Ca ratios were the only indicators of change in the gradient through time, increasing shortly after European settlement. The Mn/Ca ratio responded to local disturbance related to the construction of tourism infrastructure. Nitrogen isotope ratios showed no apparent trend over time. This study highlights the importance of site selection when using coral records to record regional environmental signals.
Declining coral calcification in massive Porites in two nearshore regions of the northern Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-12-2007
On the inclusion of trace materials into massive coral skeletons. 1. Materials occurring in the environment in short pulses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1995
Temporal and taxonomic contrasts in coral growth at Davies Reef, central Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2018
Improving Oil Extraction from Canola Seeds by Conventional and Advanced Methods
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-11-2018
Growth of Western Australian corals in the anthropocene
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 03-02-2012
Abstract: The question of how tropical coral reefs will respond to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and concomitant climate change is widely debated. Model predictions and laboratory experiments suggest that decreasing carbonate saturation and decreasing pH may reduce calcification in carbonate-depositing organisms, including corals, yet field data are sparse, and recent declines in coral growth rates have been variously attributed to thermal stress or ocean acidification. Cooper et al. (p. 593 ) demonstrate that there has been no large-scale decline in calcification rates of massive Porites on coral reefs along the Indian Ocean coast of Western Australia. Instead, coral growth has increased significantly in the past 110 years, particularly at high latitudes. Thus, coral calcification appears to increase as ocean waters warm, but—at excessive temperatures—coral bleaching and reduced ocean carbonate saturation may lead to growth declines as observed on the Great Barrier Reef.
Surviving coral bleaching events: Porites growth anomalies on the great barrier reef
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-02-2014
Temperature variations in a tropical‐subtropical environment: Queensland, Australia, 1910–1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1995
On the nature and causes of density banding in massive coral skeletons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1993
Assessing amino acid racemization variability in coral intra-crystalline protein for geochronological applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
Increasing thermal stress for tropical coral reefs: 1871–2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-24530-9
Abstract: Tropical corals live close to their upper thermal limit making them vulnerable to unusually warm summer sea temperatures. The resulting thermal stress can lead to breakdown of the coral-algal symbiosis, essential for the functioning of reefs, and cause coral bleaching. Mass coral bleaching is a modern phenomenon associated with increases in reef temperatures due to recent global warming. Widespread bleaching has typically occurred during El Niño events. We examine the historical level of stress for 100 coral reef locations with robust bleaching histories. The level of thermal stress (based on a degree heating month index, DHMI) at these locations during the 2015–2016 El Niño was unprecedented over the period 1871–2017 and exceeded that of the strong 1997–1998 El Niño. The DHMI was also 5 times the level of thermal stress associated with the ‘pre-industrial’, 1877–1878, El Niño. Coral reefs have, therefore, already shown their vulnerability to the modest (~0.92 °C) global warming that has occurred to date. Estimates of future levels of thermal stress suggest that even the optimistic 1.5 °C Paris Agreement target is insufficient to prevent more frequent mass bleaching events for the world’s reefs. Effectively, reefs of the future will not be the same as those of the past.
Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE21707
Abstract: During 2015-2016, record temperatures triggered a pan-tropical episode of coral bleaching, the third global-scale event since mass bleaching was first documented in the 1980s. Here we examine how and why the severity of recurrent major bleaching events has varied at multiple scales, using aerial and underwater surveys of Australian reefs combined with satellite-derived sea surface temperatures. The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year. Water quality and fishing pressure had minimal effect on the unprecedented bleaching in 2016, suggesting that local protection of reefs affords little or no resistance to extreme heat. Similarly, past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. Consequently, immediate global action to curb future warming is essential to secure a future for coral reefs.
Mixed responses of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-03-2013
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1838
Oceanography and Marine Biology
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-08-2015
DOI: 10.1201/B18733
Coastal climate of northwest Australia and comparisons with the Great Barrier Reef: 1960 to 1992
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-12-1998
The nature of skeletal density banding in scleractinian corals: fine banding and seasonal patterns
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1989
Reply to Comment on 'Drought variability in the eastern Australia and New Zealand summer drought atlas (ANZDA, CE 1500-2012) modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation'
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 30-05-2017
Tropical Atlantic Sea Surface Temperatures and Rainfall Variations in Subsaharan Africa
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 03-1986
Environmental controls on growth of the massive coral Porites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(99)00168-9
Abstract: Annual density banding provided growth characteristics for 245 similar-sized, massive colonies of Porites from similar locations on 29 reefs from across the length and breadth of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Values obtained were density, extension rate, and calcification rate. Tissue thickness, the depth to which skeletons were occupied by tissue at the time of collection, was also measured. Extension rate, calcification rate, and tissue thickness were significantly greater at the top of colonies than at the sides. Extension rate and calcification rate decreased from north to south along the GBR (latitudinal range of approximately 9 degrees ) and were significantly and directly related to annual average sea surface temperature (SST range approximately 25-27 degrees C). For each 1 degrees C rise in SST, average annual calcification increased by 0.39 g cm(-2) year(-1) and average annual extension increased by 3.1 mm year(-1) (c.f. average values of 1.63 g cm(-2) year(-1) and 12.9 mm year(-1), respectively). Density was inversely correlated with extension rate and increased with distance offshore. Data for massive Porites colonies from the GBR were extended though 20 degrees of latitude and an average annual SST range of 23-29 degrees C using published data for the Hawaiian Archipelago (Grigg, R.W., 1981. Coral reef development at high latitudes in Hawaii. Proc. 4th Int. Coral Reef Symp., Manila, Vol. 1, pp. 687-693 Grigg, R.W., 1997. Paleoceanography of coral reefs in the Hawaiian-Emperor Chain - revisited. Coral Reefs 16, S33-S38) and Phuket, Thailand (Scoffin. T.P., Tudhope. A.W., Brown. B.E., Chansang. H., Cheeney. R.F., 1992. Patterns and possible environmental controls of skeletogenesis of Porites lutea, South Thailand. Coral Reefs 11, 1-11). The response of calcification rate to temperature remained linear. Variation in annual average SST accounted for 84% of the variance. For each 1 degrees C rise in SST, average annual calcification increased by 0.33 g cm(-2) year(-1) and average annual extension increased by 3.1 mm year(-1) (c.f. average values of 1.50 g cm(-2) year(-1) and 11.6 mm year(-1), respectively). The sensitivity of calcification rate in Porites to SST, combined with observed 20th Century increases in SSTs, suggests that calcification rates may have already significantly increased along the GBR in response to global climate change.
Coral reefs in the Anthropocene
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE22901
Abstract: Coral reefs support immense bio ersity and provide important ecosystem services to many millions of people. Yet reefs are degrading rapidly in response to numerous anthropogenic drivers. In the coming centuries, reefs will run the gauntlet of climate change, and rising temperatures will transform them into new configurations, unlike anything observed previously by humans. Returning reefs to past configurations is no longer an option. Instead, the global challenge is to steer reefs through the Anthropocene era in a way that maintains their biological functions. Successful navigation of this transition will require radical changes in the science, management and governance of coral reefs.
Low Florida coral calcification rates in the Plio-Pleistocene
Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 12-08-2016
Abstract: Abstract. In geological outcrops and drill cores from reef frameworks, the skeletons of scleractinian corals are usually leached and more or less completely transformed into sparry calcite because the highly porous skeletons formed of metastable aragonite (CaCO3) undergo rapid diagenetic alteration. Upon alteration, ghost structures of the distinct annual growth bands often allow for reconstructions of annual extension ( = growth) rates, but information on skeletal density needed for reconstructions of calcification rates is invariably lost. This report presents the bulk density, extension rates and calcification rates of fossil reef corals which underwent minor diagenetic alteration only. The corals derive from unlithified shallow water carbonates of the Florida platform (south-eastern USA), which formed during four interglacial sea level highstands dated approximately 3.2, 2.9, 1.8, and 1.2 Ma in the mid-Pliocene to early Pleistocene. With regard to the preservation, the coral skeletons display smooth growth surfaces with minor volumes of marine aragonite cement within intra-skeletal porosity. Within the skeletal structures, voids are commonly present along centres of calcification which lack secondary cements. Mean extension rates were 0.44 ± 0.19 cm yr−1 (range 0.16 to 0.86 cm yr−1), mean bulk density was 0.96 ± 0.36 g cm−3 (range 0.55 to 1.83 g cm−3) and calcification rates ranged from 0.18 to 0.82 g cm−2 yr−1 (mean 0.38 ± 0.16 g cm−2 yr−1), values which are 50 % of modern shallow-water reef corals. To understand the possible mechanisms behind these low calcification rates, we compared the fossil calcification rates with those of modern zooxanthellate corals (z corals) from the Western Atlantic (WA) and Indo-Pacific calibrated against sea surface temperature (SST). In the fossil data, we found a widely analogous relationship with SST in z corals from the WA, i.e. density increases and extension rate decreases with increasing SST, but over a significantly larger temperature window during the Plio-Pleistocene. With regard to the environment of coral growth, stable isotope proxy data from the fossil corals and the overall structure of the ancient shallow marine communities are consistent with a well-mixed, open marine environment similar to the present-day Florida Reef Tract, but variably affected by intermittent upwelling. Upwelling along the platform may explain low rates of reef coral calcification and inorganic cementation, but is too localised to account also for low extension rates of Pliocene z corals throughout the tropical WA region. Low aragonite saturation on a more global scale in response to rapid glacial–interglacial CO2 cyclicity is also a potential factor, but Plio-Pleistocene atmospheric pCO2 is generally believed to have been broadly similar to the present day. Heat stress related to globally high interglacial SST only episodically moderated by intermittent upwelling affecting the Florida platform seems to be another likely reason for low calcification rates. From these observations we suggest some present coral reef systems to be endangered from future ocean warming.
Coral record of southeast Indian Ocean marine heatwaves with intensified Western Pacific temperature gradient
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS9562
Abstract: Increasing intensity of marine heatwaves has caused widespread mass coral bleaching events, threatening the integrity and functional ersity of coral reefs. Here we demonstrate the role of inter-ocean coupling in lifying thermal stress on reefs in the poorly studied southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO), through a robust 215-year (1795–2010) geochemical coral proxy sea surface temperature (SST) record. We show that marine heatwaves affecting the SEIO are linked to the behaviour of the Western Pacific Warm Pool on decadal to centennial timescales, and are most pronounced when an anomalously strong zonal SST gradient between the western and central Pacific co-occurs with strong La Niña's. This SST gradient forces large-scale changes in heat flux that exacerbate SEIO heatwaves. Better understanding of the zonal SST gradient in the Western Pacific is expected to improve projections of the frequency of extreme SEIO heatwaves and their ecological impacts on the important coral reef ecosystems off Western Australia.
Variations of some seasonal rainfall characteristics in Queensland, Australia: 1921–1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1993
On the inclusion of trace materials into massive coral skeletons. Part II: distortions in skeletal records of annual climate cycles due to growth processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1995
Impacts of Coral Growth on Geochemistry: Lessons From the Galápagos Islands
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1029/2020PA004051
Abstract: Coral geochemical climate reconstructions can extend our knowledge of global climate variability and trends over time scales longer than those of instrumental data. However, such reconstructions can be biased by coral growth and skeletal architecture, such as growth troughs, off‐axis corallite orientation, and changing growth direction. This study quantifies the impact of skeletal architecture and growth on geochemistry using measurements of coral skeletal density, extension rate, and calcification rate, and uses these metrics to improve paleoclimate reconstructions. We present paired geochemistry‐density records at Wolf Island, Galápagos, from three Porites lobata corals: two new paired density and geochemistry records from one fossil coral, and new density data from two previously published modern geochemistry records. We categorize each s ling transect used in this record by the quality of its orientation with respect to skeletal architecture. We observe relationships between geochemistry and density that are not detected using extension or calcification rate alone. These density‐geochemistry relationships likely reflect both the response of coral growth to environmental conditions and the nonclimatic impact of skeletal architecture on geochemistry in suboptimal s ling transects. Correlations of density with Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, and Mg/Ca are consistent with the Rayleigh fractionation model of trace element incorporation into coral skeletons. Removing transects with suboptimal skeletal architecture increases mean reconstructed SST closer to instrumental mean SST, and lowers errors of reconstruction by up to 20%. These results demonstrate the usefulness of coral density data for assessing skeletal architecture and growth when generating coral paleoclimate records.
Measured coral luminescence as a freshwater proxy: Comparison with visual indices and a potential age artefact
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2011
Development of an inshore fringing coral reef using textural, compositional and stratigraphic data from Magnetic Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Marginal Reefs Under Stress: Physiological Limits Render Galápagos Corals Susceptible to Ocean Acidification and Thermal Stress
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2021AV000509
Abstract: Ocean acidification (OA) and thermal stress may undermine corals' ability to calcify and support erse reef communities, particularly in marginal environments. Coral calcification depends on aragonite supersaturation (Ω » 1) of the calcifying fluid (cf) from which the skeleton precipitates. Corals actively upregulate pH cf relative to seawater to buffer against changes in temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon, which together control Ω cf . Here we assess the buffering capacity of modern and fossil corals from the Galápagos Islands that have been exposed to sub‐optimal conditions, extreme thermal stress, and OA. We demonstrate a significant decline in pH cf and Ω cf since the pre‐industrial era, trends which are exacerbated during extreme warm years. These results suggest that there are likely physiological limits to corals' pH buffering capacity, and that these constraints render marginal reefs particularly susceptible to OA.
A strategy to improve the contribution of coral data to high-resolution paleoclimatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2004
Corals record long-term Leeuwin current variability including Ningaloo Niño/Niña since 1795
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1038/NCOMMS4607
Several centuries of variation in skeletal extension, density and calcification in massive Porites colonies from the Great Barrier Reef: A proxy for seawater temperature and a background of variability against which to identify unnatural change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1997
Climate change and coral reefs
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2011
The paleoclimate context and future trajectory of extreme summer hydroclimate in eastern Australia
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 12-11-2016
DOI: 10.1002/2016JD024892
10th Anniversary Review: A changing climate for coral reefs
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1039/B714627M
Abstract: Tropical coral reefs are charismatic ecosystems that house a significant proportion of the world's marine bio ersity. Their valuable goods and services are fundamental to the livelihood of large coastal populations in the tropics. The health of many of the world's coral reefs, and the goods and services they provide, have already been severely compromised, largely due to over-exploitation by a range of human activities. These local-scale impacts, with the appropriate government instruments, support and management actions, can potentially be controlled and even ameliorated. Unfortunately, other human actions (largely in countries outside of the tropics), by changing global climate, have added additional global-scale threats to the continued survival of present-day coral reefs. Moderate warming of the tropical oceans has already resulted in an increase in mass coral bleaching events, affecting nearly all of the world's coral reef regions. The frequency of these events will only increase as global temperatures continue to rise. Weakening of coral reef structures will be a more insidious effect of changing ocean chemistry, as the oceans absorb part of the excess atmospheric carbon dioxide. More intense tropical cyclones, changed atmospheric and ocean circulation patterns will all affect coral reef ecosystems and the many associated plants and animals. Coral reefs will not disappear but their appearance, structure and community make-up will radically change. Drastic greenhouse gas mitigation strategies are necessary to prevent the full consequences of human activities causing such alterations to coral reef ecosystems.
Comparison of sea level pressure reconstructions from western North American tree rings with a proxy record of winter severity in Japan.
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 11-1985
Small change, big difference: Sea surface temperature distributions for tropical coral reef ecosystems, 1950-2011
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1029/2012JC008199
Historical mortality in massive Porites from the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia: evidence for past environmental stress?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2003
Megasonic-assisted aqueous extraction of canola oil from canola cake
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Regional indices of climate variation: Temperature and rainfall in Queensland, Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<55::AID-JOC109>3.0.CO;2-Z
Perspectives on massive coral growth rates in a changing ocean
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 06-2014
Coral record of increased sediment flux to the inner Great Barrier Reef since European settlement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE01361
An assessment of the possible effects of volcanic eruptions on North American climate using tree-ring data, 1602 to 1900 A.D.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF00143903
Yes — Coral calcification rates have decreased in the last twenty-five years!
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Shifting climate zones for Australia's tropical marine ecosystems
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 07-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2008GL034634
Spatial variability of initial 230Th/ 232Th in modern Porites from the inshore region of the Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Estimating north pacific summer sea-level pressure back to 1600 using proxy climate records from China and North America
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF02656663
Coral reefs: Turning back time
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2016
DOI: 10.1038/NATURE17302
Ocean acidification: Linking science to management solutions using the Great Barrier Reef as a case study
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.07.038
Abstract: Coral reefs are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to ocean acidification. While our understanding of the potential impacts of ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems is growing, gaps remain that limit our ability to translate scientific knowledge into management action. To guide solution-based research, we review the current knowledge of ocean acidification impacts on coral reefs alongside management needs and priorities. We use the world's largest continuous reef system, Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), as a case study. We integrate scientific knowledge gained from a variety of approaches (e.g., laboratory studies, field observations, and ecosystem modelling) and scales (e.g., cell, organism, ecosystem) that underpin a systems-level understanding of how ocean acidification is likely to impact the GBR and associated goods and services. We then discuss local and regional management options that may be effective to help mitigate the effects of ocean acidification on the GBR, with likely application to other coral reef systems. We develop a research framework for linking solution-based ocean acidification research to practical management options. The framework assists in identifying effective and cost-efficient options for supporting ecosystem resilience. The framework enables on-the-ground OA management to be the focus, while not losing sight of CO2 mitigation as the ultimate solution.
Computer simulations showing the likely effects of calix architecture and other factors on retrieval of density information from coral skeletons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1990
High-resolution palaeoclimatology of the last millennium: a review of current status and future prospects
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
Abstract: This review of late-Holocene palaeoclimatology represents the results from a PAGES/CLIVAR Intersection Panel meeting that took place in June 2006. The review is in three parts: the principal high-resolution proxy disciplines (trees, corals, ice cores and documentary evidence), emphasizing current issues in their use for climate reconstruction the various approaches that have been adopted to combine multiple climate proxy records to provide estimates of past annual-to-decadal timescale Northern Hemisphere surface temperatures and other climate variables, such as large-scale circulation indices and the forcing histories used in climate model simulations of the past millennium. We discuss the need to develop a framework through which current and new approaches to interpreting these proxy data may be rigorously assessed using pseudo-proxies derived from climate model runs, where the `answer' is known. The article concludes with a list of recommendations. First, more raw proxy data are required from the erse disciplines and from more locations, as well as replication, for all proxy sources, of the basic raw measurements to improve absolute dating, and to better distinguish the proxy climate signal from noise. Second, more effort is required to improve the understanding of what in idual proxies respond to, supported by more site measurements and process studies. These activities should also be mindful of the correlation structure of instrumental data, indicating which adjacent proxy records ought to be in agreement and which not. Third, large-scale climate reconstructions should be attempted using a wide variety of techniques, emphasizing those for which quantified errors can be estimated at specified timescales. Fourth, a greater use of climate model simulations is needed to guide the choice of reconstruction techniques (the pseudo-proxy concept) and possibly help determine where, given limited resources, future s ling should be concentrated.
A critical evaluation of coral Ba/Ca, Mn/Ca and Y/Ca ratios as indicators of terrestrial input: New data from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Tropical river flow and rainfall reconstructions from coral luminescence: Great Barrier Reef, Australia
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1029/2006PA001377
Changes in climate extremes over the Australian region and New Zealand during the twentieth century
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1999
Abrupt Decrease in Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Salinity at End of Little Ice Age
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 22-02-2002
Abstract: A 420-year history of strontium/calcium, uranium/calcium, and oxygen isotope ratios in eight coral cores from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, indicates that sea surface temperature and salinity were higher in the 18th century than in the 20th century. An abrupt freshening after 1870 occurred simultaneously throughout the southwestern Pacific, coinciding with cooling tropical temperatures. Higher salinities between 1565 and 1870 are best explained by a combination of advection and wind-induced evaporation resulting from a strong latitudinal temperature gradient and intensified circulation. The global Little Ice Age glacial expansion may have been driven, in part, by greater poleward transport of water vapor from the tropical Pacific.
Variations of sea‐surface temperatures off north‐eastern Australia and associations with rainfall in Queensland: 1956–1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1992
Porites growth characteristics in a changed environment: Misima Island, Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-09-1999
Climate variation and El Niño-Southern Oscillation events on the Great Barrier Reef: 1958 to 1987
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00301197
Losers and winners in coral reefs acclimatized to elevated carbon dioxide concentrations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2011
DOI: 10.1038/NCLIMATE1122
Systematic variations in the depth of skeleton occupied by coral tissue in massive colonies of Porites from the Great barrier reef
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1992
Variability in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation through a glacial-interglacial cycle
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 23-02-2001
Abstract: The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most potent source of interannual climate variability. Uncertainty surrounding the impact of greenhouse warming on ENSO strength and frequency has stimulated efforts to develop a better understanding of the sensitivity of ENSO to climate change. Here we use annually banded corals from Papua New Guinea to show that ENSO has existed for the past 130,000 years, operating even during “glacial” times of substantially reduced regional and global temperature and changed solar forcing. However, we also find that during the 20th century ENSO has been strong compared with ENSO of previous cool (glacial) and warm (interglacial) times. The observed pattern of change in litude may be due to the combined effects of ENSO d ening during cool glacial conditions and ENSO forcing by precessional orbital variations.
An estimate of average annual temperature variations for North America, 1602 to 1961
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1985
DOI: 10.1007/BF00140506
Climate Change, Human Impacts, and the Resilience of Coral Reefs
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 15-08-2003
Abstract: The ersity, frequency, and scale of human impacts on coral reefs are increasing to the extent that reefs are threatened globally. Projected increases in carbon dioxide and temperature over the next 50 years exceed the conditions under which coral reefs have flourished over the past half-million years. However, reefs will change rather than disappear entirely, with some species already showing far greater tolerance to climate change and coral bleaching than others. International integration of management strategies that support reef resilience need to be vigorously implemented, and complemented by strong policy decisions to reduce the rate of global warming.
Linking climate variability and growth in coral skeletal records from the Great Barrier Reef
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-12-2018
Coral Skeletons Record Increasing Agriculture-Related Groundwater Nitrogen Inputs to a South Pacific Reef Over the Past Century
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 17-08-2018
DOI: 10.1029/2018GL078656
The Coral Trait Database, a curated database of trait information for coral species from the global oceans
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2016
Abstract: Trait-based approaches advance ecological and evolutionary research because traits provide a strong link to an organism’s function and fitness. Trait-based research might lead to a deeper understanding of the functions of, and services provided by, ecosystems, thereby improving management, which is vital in the current era of rapid environmental change. Coral reef scientists have long collected trait data for corals however, these are difficult to access and often under-utilized in addressing large-scale questions. We present the Coral Trait Database initiative that aims to bring together physiological, morphological, ecological, phylogenetic and biogeographic trait information into a single repository. The database houses species- and in idual-level data from published field and experimental studies alongside contextual data that provide important framing for analyses. In this data descriptor, we release data for 56 traits for 1547 species, and present a collaborative platform on which other trait data are being actively federated. Our overall goal is for the Coral Trait Database to become an open-source, community-led data clearinghouse that accelerates coral reef research.
Presence of skeletal banding in a reef-building tropical crustose coralline alga
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-10-2017
Use of skeletal Sr/Ca ratios to determine growth patterns in a branching coral Isopora palifera
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-03-2017
Luminescence and density banding patterns in massive Porites corals around the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Southeast Asia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2016
DOI: 10.1002/LNO.10350
Coral calcification from skeletal records revisited
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 23-12-2008
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS07398
Evidence for climate-driven synchrony of marine and terrestrial ecosystems in northwest Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2016
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.13239
Abstract: The effects of climate change are difficult to predict for many marine species because little is known of their response to climate variations in the past. However, long-term chronologies of growth, a variable that integrates multiple physical and biological factors, are now available for several marine taxa. These allow us to search for climate-driven synchrony in growth across multiple taxa and ecosystems, identifying the key processes driving biological responses at very large spatial scales. We hypothesized that in northwest (NW) Australia, a region that is predicted to be strongly influenced by climate change, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon would be an important factor influencing the growth patterns of organisms in both marine and terrestrial environments. To test this idea, we analyzed existing growth chronologies of the marine fish Lutjanus argentimaculatus, the coral Porites spp. and the tree Callitris columellaris and developed a new chronology for another marine fish, Lethrinus nebulosus. Principal components analysis and linear model selection showed evidence of ENSO-driven synchrony in growth among all four taxa at interannual time scales, the first such result for the Southern Hemisphere. Rainfall, sea surface temperatures, and sea surface salinities, which are linked to the ENSO system, influenced the annual growth of fishes, trees, and corals. All four taxa had negative relationships with the Niño-4 index (a measure of ENSO status), with positive growth patterns occurring during strong La Niña years. This finding implies that future changes in the strength and frequency of ENSO events are likely to have major consequences for both marine and terrestrial taxa. Strong similarities in the growth patterns of fish and trees offer the possibility of using tree-ring chronologies, which span longer time periods than those of fish, to aid understanding of both historical and future responses of fish populations to climate variation.
Variations in massive Porites growth rates at Hainan Island, northern South China Sea
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 21-03-2016
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS11654
Coral skeletons: Storage and recovery of environmental information
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1996
New insights from coral growth band studies in an era of rapid environmental change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Potential role of the ocean thermostat in determining regional differences in coral reef bleaching events
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 02-2008
DOI: 10.1029/2007GL032257
Measurement of luminescence in coral skeletons
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2003
Chronological control of coral records using luminescent lines and evidence for non-stationary ENSO teleconnections in northeast Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1191/0959683603HL606RP
Abstract: Eight, multicentury, Porites coral cores were used to develop a 373-year chronology by cross-dating techniques adapted from dendrochronology.Characteristic patterns of distinct luminescent lines within the coral skeletons were matched between coral cores from inshore and mid-shelf reefs in the central Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Skeleton-plots of luminescent banding were produced for each core and combined into a master chronology back to ad 1615. In addition to improving dating control, the luminescence master chronology provides a proxy for Burdekin River runoff and Queensland summer rainfall. Variations in the magnitude of the correlation between the luminescence master and the Mann et al. (2000) NINO3 sea-surface temperature reconstruction provides insights into the long-term stability of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) telecon nections. Burdekin River runoff was significantly inversely related to ENSO variability for much of the period from the ad 1650s to 1800, suggesting that ENSO-related teleconnections were as dominant then as in recent decades. The extremely dry mid-1760s to mid-1780s stand out as a period of anomalously positive correlation between river runoff and the NINO3 reconstruction. Weak ENSO teleconnections are apparent from the 1800s to 1870s, when conditions were possibly similar to those reported for the 1920s–1950s.
Freshwater impacts in the central Great Barrier Reef: 1648–2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-04-2015
A multi-trace element coral record of land-use changes in the Burdekin River catchment, NE Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2007
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