ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8927-6959
Current Organisations
University of York
,
University of Oxford
,
University of Exeter
,
The University of Newcastle
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-12-2020
Abstract: It is widely suggested that migration is a key mechanism linking climate change to violent conflict, particularly through migration increasing the risks of conflict in urban destinations. Yet climate change also creates new forms of insecurity through distress migration, immobility and vulnerability that are prevalent in urban destination locations. Here we examine the extent and nature of human security in migration destinations and test whether insecurity is affected by length of residence and environmental hazards. The study develops an index measure of human security at the in idual level to include environmental and climate-related hazards as well as sources of well-being, fear of crime and violence, and mental health outcomes. It examines the elements of human security that explain the prevalence of insecurity among recent and established migrants in low-income urban neighbourhoods. The study reports on data collected in Chattogram in Bangladesh through a survey of migrants (N = 447) and from qualitative data derived using photo elicitation techniques with cohorts of city planners and migrants. The results show that environmental hazards represent an increasing source of perceived insecurity to migrant populations over time, with longer-term migrants perceiving greater insecurity than more recent arrivals, suggesting lack of upward social mobility in low-income slums. Ill-health, fear of eviction, and harassment and violence are key elements of how insecurity is experienced, and these are exacerbated by environmental hazards such as flooding. The study expands the concept of security to encompass central elements of personal risk and well-being and outlines the implications for climate change.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-02-2019
DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2018.1437174
Abstract: Maternal asthma during pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of negative perinatal outcomes. However, little is known about the direct effects of maternal asthma on infant cognitive development. We examined the evidence for an impact of maternal asthma during pregnancy on cognitive and behavioral development of the child. We conducted a MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and manual search of the databases for all available studies until January 9th, 2018. Studies were deemed relevant if they included child cognitive and behavioral development as the outcome, with maternal asthma as the determinant of interest. Ten articles matched selection criteria. Some studies report that maternal asthma is associated with increased risk for autism and intellectual disability in children. However, these effects are small and are often eliminated when controlling for confounding variables. Other studies have found no association. The only prospective study found that well-managed asthma during pregnancy was not associated with negative developmental outcomes in children. The evidence suggests that the relationship between maternal asthma during pregnancy and poor developmental and behavioral outcomes of children is weak. Children of mothers with well-managed asthma during pregnancy have similar developmental trajectories to those born to healthy mothers. Prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these conclusions. Optimal asthma management is important in pregnancy as it may have longer term benefits for the health of the offspring. As the rate of asthma increases in the population, the implications of maternal asthma on child development will be of greater importance.
Publisher: Authorea, Inc.
Date: 21-10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-06-2022
DOI: 10.1002/AUR.2762
Abstract: Sensory modulation symptoms form a diagnostic criterion for autism spectrum disorder and are associated with significant daily functional limitations. Utilizing caregiver report on Short Sensory Profile‐2 (SSP‐2) for 919 autistic children (3–14.11 years), we examined the expression of sensory modulation symptoms by age and sex and investigated the existence of specific sensory modulation subtypes. Sensory modulation symptoms appeared to peak in frequency during middle childhood, particularly in sensory sensitivity and avoidance. Symptoms associated with sensory hypo‐reactivity and seeking tended not differ between age cohorts. Males and females demonstrated similar overall sensory modulation profiles, however, females showed elevated symptoms relating to sensory sensitivity. Model‐based cluster analysis revealed five interpretable sensory modulation subtypes which related to symptom severity (low, mid‐range, high). Subtypes demonstrating mid‐range symptom severity differed in focus on sensory hyper‐reactivity or seeking symptoms. The findings of this study report for the first time that age‐related differences in sensory modulation symptoms may be associated with sensory hyper‐reactivity only. The subtyping results also suggest that sensory modulation symptom severity is a reliable means of classifying variance within autistic children, however, consideration of differences in the behavioral strategies employed by in iduals to manage sensory modulation symptoms may inform tailored supportive strategies. We studied sensory symptoms such as over‐responding, under‐responding and sensation seeking behaviors in 919 autistic children and adolescents. We found that 6–12‐year‐olds and females displayed the most sensory over‐responding symptoms. Autistic children could be grouped into mild, moderate, and severe levels of sensory symptoms, however, children differed in the type of strategies used to cope with their sensory symptoms meaning that they may require different intervention approaches.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1093/AJCN/NQAA442
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-10-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-07-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PSP.2505
Abstract: While material conditions of migrant populations on average tend to improve over time as they become established in new destinations, in idual trajectories of material and subjective well‐being often erge. Here, we analyse how social and environmental factors in the urban environment shape the subjective well‐being of migrant populations. We hypothesise these factors to include (a) perceived social and environmental risk, (b) attachment to place, and (c) migrant aspirations. We analyse data from a cross‐sectional survey of 2641 in idual migrants in seven cities across Ghana, India, and Bangladesh. The results show that the persistence of inferior material conditions, exposure to environmental hazards, and constrained access to services and employment affect migrants' subjective well‐being. Hence, social and environmental risks constitute urban precarity for migrants whose social vulnerability persist in their destination. Meeting migration‐related aspirations and developing an affinity to urban destinations have the potential to mitigate negative sentiments from perceived risks. These findings have implications for future urban planning and sustainability.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2021
Abstract: Unsymmetrical ditopic ligands can self‐assemble into reduced‐symmetry Pd 2 L 4 metallo‐cages with anisotropic cavities, with implications for high specificity and affinity guest‐binding. Mixtures of cage isomers can form, however, resulting in undesirable system heterogeneity. It is paramount to be able to design components that preferentially form a single isomer. Previous data suggested that computational methods could predict with reasonable accuracy whether unsymmetrical ligands would preferentially self‐assemble into single cage isomers under constraints of geometrical mismatch. We successfully apply a collaborative computational and experimental workflow to mitigate costly trial‐and‐error synthetic approaches. Our rapid computational workflow constructs unsymmetrical ligands and their Pd 2 L 4 cage isomers, ranking the likelihood for exclusively forming cis ‐Pd 2 L 4 assemblies. From this narrowed search space, we successfully synthesised four new, low‐symmetry, cis ‐Pd 2 L 4 cages.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-11-2022
DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2021.1993246
Abstract: Maternal asthma often complicates pregnancy and is linked with poorer quality of life. Additionally, in iduals with asthma are at an increased risk of depression and anxiety. We examined whether asthma during pregnancy is related to parenting stress in the first year postpartum and if this relationship varies with level of asthma control. This cohort survey-based study included mothers with ( n = 157) and without ( n = 79) asthma. Mothers with asthma participated in this study following participation in a randomized controlled trial of a novel asthma management strategy during pregnancy. Mothers completed the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form during the first 12 months postpartum. Mothers with asthma also completed the Asthma Control Questionnaire. Parenting stress did not differ between mothers with and without asthma. Additionally, for mothers with asthma, there were no differences in levels of parenting stress based on asthma control. This study suggests that mothers with asthma are not at an increased risk for excessive parenting stress. However, due to response and s ling bias, levels of parenting stress in asthmatic mothers may be underreported in our s le.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 31-05-2020
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 08-10-2002
DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2021.713804
Abstract: Maternal asthma in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. Adverse perinatal outcomes may result in poorer infant developmental outcomes, such as temperament and sensory difficulties. This study aimed to (1) assess differences in temperament and sensory features between infants born to mothers with and without asthma and (2) investigate differences in these infant behaviours as a function of maternal asthma severity and asthma control. Mothers completed the Carey Temperament Scales and the Sensory Profile 2 at either 6 weeks, 6 months, or 12 months postpartum. Overall, we observed no significant differences between infants born to mothers with and without asthma in their temperament or sensory features scores in both domains fell within the normative range. More infants in the asthma group, however, were reported to be highly distractible. When compared with normative data, infants in both groups were reported to have poor predictability of biological functions and fewer infants engaged in low levels of sensory behaviours. Some infants were observed to experience difficulties with hyper-reactivity within several domains. Maternal asthma severity and control during pregnancy were not linked to significant differences between infant temperament and sensory features. The present findings indicate that infants born to mothers with asthma are not at an increased risk overall for temperament or sensory difficulties, compared to control infants. However, a subset of infants across both groups may be at risk for attention or sensory hyper-reactivity difficulties. Further research into the developmental outcomes of infants born to mothers with asthma is warranted.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-055461
Abstract: Stroke reperfusion therapies, comprising intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), are best practice treatments for eligible acute ischemic stroke patients. In Australia, EVT is provided at few, mainly metropolitan, comprehensive stroke centres (CSC). There are significant challenges for Australia’s rural and remote populations in accessing EVT, but improved access can be facilitated by a ‘drip and ship’ approach. TACTICS (Trial of Advanced CT Imaging and Combined Education Support for Drip and Ship) aims to test whether a multicomponent, multidisciplinary implementation intervention can increase the proportion of stroke patients receiving EVT. This is a non-randomised controlled, stepped wedge trial involving six clusters across three Australian states. Each cluster comprises one CSC hub and a minimum of three primary stroke centre (PSC) spokes. Hospitals will work in a hub and spoke model of care with access to a multislice CT scanner and CT perfusion image processing software (MIStar, Apollo Medical Imaging). The intervention, underpinned by behavioural theory and technical assistance, will be allocated sequentially, and clusters will move from the preintervention (control) period to the postintervention period. Proportion of all stroke patients receiving EVT, accounting for clustering. Proportion of patients receiving IVT at PSCs, proportion of treated patients (IVT and/or EVT) with good (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2) or poor (mRS score 5–6) functional outcomes and European Quality of Life Scale scores 3 months postintervention, proportion of EVT-treated patients with symptomatic haemorrhage, and proportion of reperfusion therapy-treated patients with good versus poor outcome who presented with large vessel occlusion at spokes. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Hunter New England Human Research Ethics Committee (18/09/19/4.13, HREC/18/HNE/241, 2019/ETH01238). Trial results will be disseminated widely through published manuscripts, conference presentations and at national and international platforms regardless of whether the trial was positive or neutral. ACTRN12619000750189 UTNU1111-1230-4161.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Olivia Whalen.