ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7600-5869
Current Organisations
James Hutton Institute - Dundee
,
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-05-2000
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2011.03736.X
Abstract: • A detailed molecular understanding of how oomycete plant pathogens evade disease resistance is essential to inform the deployment of durable resistance (R) genes. • Map-based cloning, transient expression in planta, pathogen transformation and DNA sequence variation across erse isolates were used to identify and characterize PiAVR2 from potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans. • PiAVR2 is an RXLR-EER effector that is up-regulated during infection, accumulates at the site of haustoria formation, and is recognized inside host cells by potato protein R2. Expression of PiAVR2 in a virulent P. infestans isolate conveys a gain-of-avirulence phenotype, indicating that this is a dominant gene triggering R2-dependent disease resistance. PiAVR2 presence/absence polymorphisms and differential transcription explain virulence on R2 plants. Isolates infecting R2 plants express PiAVR2-like, which evades recognition by R2. PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like differ in 13 amino acids, eight of which are in the C-terminal effector domain one or more of these determines recognition by R2. Nevertheless, few polymorphisms were observed within each gene in pathogen isolates, suggesting limited selection pressure for change within PiAVR2 and PiAVR2-like. • Our results direct a search for R genes recognizing PiAVR2-like, which, deployed with R2, may exert strong selection pressure against the P. infestans population.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS24043803
Abstract: The growth–defense trade-off in plants is a phenomenon whereby plants must balance the allocation of their resources between developmental growth and defense against attack by pests and pathogens. Consequently, there are a series of points where growth signaling can negatively regulate defenses and where defense signaling can inhibit growth. Light perception by various photoreceptors has a major role in the control of growth and thus many points where it can influence defense. Plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to manipulate defense signaling in their hosts. Evidence is emerging that some of these effectors target light signaling pathways. Several effectors from different kingdoms of life have converged on key chloroplast processes to take advantage of regulatory crosstalk. Moreover, plant pathogens also perceive and react to light in complex ways to regulate their own growth, development, and virulence. Recent work has shown that varying light wavelengths may provide a novel way of controlling or preventing disease outbreaks in plants.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-03-2017
DOI: 10.1104/PP.16.01804
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.17660
Abstract: Knowledge of the evolutionary processes which govern pathogen recognition is critical to understanding durable disease resistance. We determined how Phytophthora infestans effector Pi AVR2 is recognised by evolutionarily distinct resistance proteins R2 and Rpi‐mcq1. We employed yeast two‐hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation, virus‐induced gene silencing, transient overexpression, and phosphatase activity assays to investigate the contributions of BSL phosphatases to R2‐ and Rpi‐mcq1‐mediated hypersensitive response (R2 HR and Rpi‐mcq1 HR, respectively). Silencing Pi AVR2 target BSL1 compromises R2 HR. Rpi‐mcq1 HR is compromised only when BSL2 and BSL3 are silenced. BSL1 overexpression increases R2 HR and compromises Rpi‐mcq1. However, overexpression of BSL2 or BSL3 enhances Rpi‐mcq1 and compromises R2 HR. Okadaic acid, which inhibits BSL phosphatase activity, suppresses both recognition events. Moreover, expression of a BSL1 phosphatase‐dead (PD) mutant suppresses R2 HR, whereas BSL2‐PD and BSL3‐PD mutants suppress Rpi‐mcq1 HR. R2 interacts with BSL1 in the presence of PiAVR2, but not with BSL2 and BSL3, whereas no interactions were detected between Rpi‐mcq1 and BSLs. Thus, BSL1 activity and association with R2 determine recognition of Pi AVR2 by R2, whereas BSL2 and BSL3 mediate Rpi‐mcq1 perception of Pi AVR2. R2 and Rpi‐mcq1 utilise distinct mechanisms to detect Pi AVR2 based on association with different BSLs, highlighting central roles of these effector targets for both disease and disease resistance.
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1042/EBC20210089
Abstract: Phytohormones are essential for all aspects of plant growth, development, and immunity however, it is the interplay between phytohormones, as they dynamically change during these processes, that is key to this regulation. Hormones have traditionally been split into two groups: growth-promoting and stress-related. Here, we will discuss and show that all hormones play a role in plant defence, regardless of current designation. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complex phytohormone networks with less focus on archetypal immunity-related pathways and discuss protein and transcription factor signalling hubs that mediate hormone interplay.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-02-2019
DOI: 10.1104/PP.18.01143
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: No location found
No related grants have been discovered for Katharina Breininger.