Arnoud Frumau

Tropical forest CH4: from termite mounds to tower  measurements

Publisher: Copernicus GmbH

Date: 04-03-2021

DOI: 10.5194/EGUSPHERE-EGU21-13468

Abstract: & & & & & & & & Methane (CH& sub& & /sub& ) is one of the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gases.& Despite its importance, natural sources of methane, such as tropical wetlands and termites, are still not well understood and a large source of uncertainty in the tropical CH& sub& & /sub& budget. The Amazon rainforest is a key region for the (global) CH& sub& & /sub& budget but, due to its remote location, continous CH& sub& & /sub& concentration and flux measurements are still rare.& & & & The 50 m high K34 tower (field site ZF2) is located in a pristine & #8216 Terra Firme& #8217 tropical forest region 60 km northwest of Manaus (Brazil), and is located next to a waterlogged valley, a possible location for anaerobic CH& sub& & /sub& production. In October 2018, in addition to the existing EC CO& sub& & /sub& system, an in-situ FTIR-analyzer (measuring CO& sub& & /sub& , CO, CH& sub& & /sub& , N& sub& & /sub& O and & #948 & sup& & /sup& CO& sub& & /sub& ) was set up to measure tower profile concentrations, above and below the canopy, continuously. By analyses of vertical and temporal nighttime concentrations patterns, an emission estimate for all gases could be made, and an ecosystem emission of ~1 nmol CH& sub& & /sub& m& sup& -2& /sup& s& sup& -1& /sup& & was estimated. In addition, by use of different types of flux chambers, possible& CH& sub& & /sub& sinks and sources such as soils, trees, water and termite mounds were measured.& & & & By combining tower and flux chamber measurements, the role and magnitude of different ecosystem sources could be assessed. In this presentation, an overview of the measured CH& sub& & /sub& forest concentrations and fluxes will be given.& & & / & & / & & / &

Major Pelvic Ring Injuries: Fewer Transfusions Without Deaths from Bleeding During the Last Decade

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-01-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S00268-023-06897-7

Abstract: Pelvic fracture-associated bleeding can be difficult to control with historically high mortality rates. The impact of resuscitation advancements for trauma patients with unstable pelvic ring injuries is unknown. We hypothesized that the time elapsed since introduction of our protocol would be associated with decreased blood transfusion requirements. A level 1 trauma center’s prospective pelvic fracture database was reviewed from 01/01/2009–31/12/2018. All patients with unstable pelvic ring injuries initially presenting to our institution were included. Adjusted regression analysis was performed on the overall cohort and separately for patients in traumatic shock (TS). The primary outcome was 24 h packed red blood cell (PRBC) requirements. Secondary outcomes were 24 h plasma, cryoprecipitate, platelet and intravenous fluid (IVF) requirements, length of stay and mortality. Patients with mechanically unstable pelvic ring injuries ( n = 144, median [Q 1 –Q 3 ] age 44 [28–55] years, 74% male) received a median (Q 1 –Q 3 ) of 0 (0–4) units PRBC within 24 h, with TS patients ( n = 47, 42 [28–60] years, 74% male) receiving 6 (4–9) units PRBC. There was no decrease in 24 h PRBC requirements for the overall cohort (years IRR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–1.01 p = 0.07). TS patients had decreases in 24 h PRBC (years IRR = 0.90, 95%CI 0.84–0.96 p = 0.002), plasma (IRR = 0.92, 95%CI 0.85–0.99 p = 0.019), cryoprecipitate (IRR = 0.88, 95%CI 0.81–0.95 p = 0.001) and IVF (IRR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.90–0.98 p = 0.004). There were 5 deaths (5/144, 3.5%) with no deaths due to acute hemorrhage. Over this 10-year period, there was no hemorrhage-related mortality among patients presenting with pelvic fractures. Crystalloid and transfusion requirements decreased for patients presenting with traumatic shock.

John Hunter Hospital

Location: Australia

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Netherlands Organisation For Applied Scientific Research

Location: Netherlands

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