ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5547-5797
Current Organisations
University College of North Wales
,
University of South Australia
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Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 19-09-2023
DOI: 10.2196/46396
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-10-2017
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 24-07-2020
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.9605
Abstract: Medications with anticholinergic or sedative effects are frequently used by older people but can increase risk of falls and adverse events however, less is known about their effect on movement behaviour. Here we examine the cross-sectional association between medication use and movement behaviour in older adults living in residential aged care. Twenty-eight older adults living in residential aged care in metropolitan Australia participated. Medication data were collected from participants’ medical charts and sedative load and anticholinergic burden were determined. Seven-day movement behaviour was objectively assessed by a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer. Raw accelerations were converted to sleep, sedentary time, and time in light, moderate, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. To explore the relationship between medication and movement behaviour, Spearman’s Rho correlations were conducted, as the data were not normally distributed. Analyses indicated that while anticholinergic burden was not associated with movement behaviour, sedative load was negatively correlated with a number of variables, accounting for 14% variance in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 17% in the bout length of MVPA ( p .02). The findings of this study showed a negative association between sedative load, due to medicines, and an in idual’s movement behaviour. The impact of this could be a reduction in the ability of this population to maintain or improve their functional mobility, which may overshadow any benefits of the medicine in some circumstances.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUTRES.2018.05.005
Abstract: Food cravings are common in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Higher-protein diets are effective in improving satiety but their effect on cravings is unclear. It was hypothesized that a high protein (HP) diet would provide greater reductions in cravings than an isocaloric higher-carbohydrate diet (HC). In a randomized controlled trial, 61 adults (54% males) with T2D (means ± SD: BMI 34.3 ± 5.1 kg/m
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1037/REP0000232
Abstract: Cardiac rehabilitation aims to reduce the likelihood of recurrent cardiac events through physical activity (PA) and education. There is limited understanding about the predictors of physical activity behavior in rural adults beyond rehabilitation. This study explored predictors of regular physical activity in rural adults, 6-12 months post cardiac rehabilitation. Research Method/Design: A self-report questionnaire (quantitative cross-sectional design) was mailed to a simple random s le of rural South Australians who previously participated in cardiac rehabilitation (n = 315). Regression modeling was adjusted for physical activity history and gender to examine psychological, social, and environmental predictors of (a) current leisure-time physical activity, self-reported through the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire expressed as the Leisure Score Index (LSI) and the weekly frequency of physical activity bouts that cause sweating ("sweat frequency"), and (b) stage of physical activity behavior change according to the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change ("Stage of PA change"). All measures of self-efficacy (barriers, task, and relapse), social assimilation, and self-regulation predicted LSI, whereas all measures of self-efficacy and self-regulation predicted both "Stage of PA change" and "sweat frequency." Self-regulation explained the highest percentage of explained variance in LSI (31.6%) and "sweat frequency" (12.5%). Home social support additionally predicted "Stage of PA change" there were no environmental predictors of any of the outcome measures. Similar to urban populations, the predictors of post-cardiac-rehab physical activity among rural adults predominantly emanate from the psychological domain. Findings support the need to strengthen the focus of cardiac rehabilitation program design on self-management skills and behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.1080/02640419408732178
Abstract: An experiment is reported which tests Fazey and Hardy's (1988) catastrophe model of anxiety and performance. Eight experienced crown green bowlers performed a bowling task under conditions of high and low cognitive anxiety. On each of these occasions, physiological arousal (measured by heart rate) was manipulated by means of physical work in such a way that the subjects were tested with physiological arousal increasing and decreasing. A repeated-measures three-factor ANOVA was used to test the hysteresis hypothesis that the performance x heart rate graph would follow a different path for heart rate increasing compared with heart rate decreasing in the high cognitive anxiety condition, but not in the low cognitive anxiety condition. The ANOVA revealed the predicted three-way interaction of cognitive anxiety, heart rate, and the direction of change in heart rate upon performance, with follow-up tests indicating that the interaction was due to hysteresis occurring in the high cognitive anxiety condition but not in the low cognitive anxiety condition. Other statistical procedures showed that, in the high cognitive anxiety condition, subjects' best performances were significantly better, and their worst performances significantly worse, than in the low cognitive anxiety condition. However, the results did not provide unequivocal support for the catastrophe model of anxiety and performance.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11136-023-03387-0
Abstract: This study analysed data from a national survey of people living in Australian Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACFs) reporting on what is the best thing about where they live and suggestions for improvement. Data from prior to the Covid-19 pandemic were compared with data during the Covid-19 pandemic. Qualitative data from the Happy Life Index Survey were analysed using summative content analysis to code the responses in the data sets and then organise them into categories. Once categorised, the pre-Covid-19 and mid-Covid-19 data sets were compared using descriptive statistics. A total of 4745 residents, from over 100 RACFs, provided 8512 open-text responses to at least one of the two survey questions. Pre-Covid-19 responses were compared with mid-Covid-19 responses and those trending towards relevance (5–10% change) were identified. There were both positive and negative relevant percent changes for staff number, food (general comments), and friendliness. A trending positive percentage change was observed for staff quality and the internal environment. There was a trending negative relevant percentage change for lifestyle activities, staff generally, level of contentedness, the general environment, general choice, and general views about the service. People living in RACFs notice the changes in staffing levels and visitors during restrictions imposed during infectious outbreaks. During these times, they appreciate the quality of the staff attending to their needs and the quality of their food. Further exploration is needed of the value of lifestyle activities and strategies to promote feelings of contentedness and general wellbeing during times of restriction.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1999
Abstract: The performance profile technique is now widely used by a range of sports scientists, usually as the first step in implementing a training programme. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of altered mood states on areas of perceived need for an in idual identified by the performance profile. Sixty-seven university sports science students (30 females, 37 males) participated in the study. They completed their performance profile and a shortened version of the Bi-polar Profile of Mood States before and after four separate mood manipulation treatments (happy, sad, neutral, control). The participants were allocated at random to one of four groups and completed the treatments in a counterbalanced order. Mood manipulation checks identified that both the happy and sad manipulations were successful. Profile areas of perceived need, identified through discrepancies in an in idual's perceptions of ideal and current state, were not affected by the sad and neutral manipulations or by the control condition. However, areas of perceived need were significantly lower after the happy mood manipulation than before the treatment. Our results show that asking in iduals to complete their profiles when in a happy mood state is likely to affect judgements and result in an underestimation of perceived need for improvement.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-06-0010
DOI: 10.1177/00315125211024212
Abstract: Affective responses and enjoyment of exercise mediate exercise adherence, but previous research findings have failed to examine nuances that may moderate this relationship. We examined the effects of exercise on affective and enjoyment responses during and post exercise through a systematic literature review and meta-regression analysis. We searched major databases up to July 9, 2020 for studies evaluating healthy adults’ acute and chronic responses to exercise, using either of The Feeling Scale or Physical Activity Enjoyment Scales. We calculated effect size (ES) values of 20 unique studies (397 participants 40% females) as standardized differences in the means and expressed them as Hedges’ g, together with the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Among acute studies examining affective responses, we found a greater positive effect post exercise for continuous training (CT) compared to high intensity interval training (HIIT) ( g = −0.61 95%CI = −1.11, −0.10 p .018), but there was no significant difference between these modes for effects during exercise. Subgroup analyses revealed that moderate, and not high intensity, CT, compared to HIIT, resulted in significantly greater positive affective responses ( g = −1.09 95%CI = −1.88, −0.30 p .006). In contrast, enjoyment was greater for HIIT, compared to CT ( g = 0.75 95%CI = 0.17, −1.13 p = .010), but CT intensity did not influence this result. Among chronic studies, there was greater enjoyment following HIIT compared to CT, but these studies were too few to permit meta-analysis. We concluded that an acute bout of moderate intensity CT is more pleasurable, when measured post exercise than HIIT, but enjoyment is greater following HIIT, perhaps due to an interaction between effort, discomfort, time efficiency and constantly changing stimuli.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2018
Abstract: Purpose: To assess and compare the validity of internal and external Australian football (AF) training-load measures for predicting match exercise intensity (MEI/min) and player-rank score (PR Score ) using a variable dose-response model. Methods: A cohort of 25 professional AF players (23 ± 3 y, 188.3 ± 7.2 cm, 87.7 ± 8.4 kg) completed a 24-wk in-season macrocycle. In-season internal training and match load were quantified using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) and external load from satellite and accelerometer data. Using a training-impulse (TRIMP) calculation, external load (au) was represented as distance (TRIMP Dist ), distance ≥4.16 m/s (TRIMP HSDist ), and PlayerLoad (TRIMP PL ). In-season training load, MEI/min, and PR Score were applied to a variable dose-response model, which provided estimates of MEI/min and PR Score . Predicted MEI/min and PR Score were correlated with actual measures from each match. The magnitude of the difference between MEI/min and PR Score estimates for each model input and the difference between the precision of internal and external load measures to predict MEI/min and PR Score were calculated using the effect size ± 90% confidence interval (CI). Results: Estimates of MEI/min demonstrated very large associations with actual MEI/min ( r , 90% CI) (eg, TRIMP Dist .76 ± .13, and sRPE Skills .73 ± .14). Estimates of PR Score demonstrated associations of large magnitude with actual PR Score using the same inputs. Precision of actual MEI/min was lowest using sRPE compared with (ES ± 90% CI) TRIMP Dist , −.67 ± .34, and TRIMP PL , −.91 ± .39. There were trivial and unclear differences in the precision of PR Score estimates between TRIMP and sRPE inputs. Conclusions: Dose-response models from multiple training-load inputs can predict within-in idual variation of MEI/min and PR Score . Internal and external training-input methods exhibited comparable predictive power.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-10-2008
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8986.2008.00712.X
Abstract: This study assessed the relationship of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) with heart rate and pacing strategy during competitive running races of differing distance and course elevation. Nine men and women competed in a 7-mile road race (7-MR) and the Great West Run half marathon (GWR 13.1 miles). Heart rate, split mile time, and RPE were recorded throughout the races. The RPE was regressed against time and %time to complete the 7-MR and GWR. Although the rate of increase in RPE was greater in the 7-MR, there were no differences when expressed against %time (inferring that the brain uses a scalar timing mechanism). As the course elevation, distance, pacing strategy, and heart rate response varied between conditions, this study has provided evidence that the perceptual response may have distinct temporal characteristics during distance running. The results provide further evidence that RPE scales with the proportion of exercise time that remains.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1993
DOI: 10.1080/02640419308730022
Abstract: Two theoretical models were used to investigate aspects of basketball performance: Eysenck's (1979, 1984) compensatory arousal model and Humphreys and Revelle's (1984) twin resources model. Cognitive and somatic anxiety were manipulated using a 'time to event' paradigm. The aspects of performance were a short-term memory task (letter span) and a low memory demand, motoric-sustained information transfer task (rebound shooting). Hypotheses based on the different models were formulated and subsequently tested using analysis of variance and polynomial regression analysis. The results indicated significant (P < 0.01) linear relationships with negative slopes between cognitive anxiety and letter span, and between somatic anxiety and letter span while significant (P < 0.01) linear relationships with positive slopes were recorded between cognitive anxiety and rebound shooting, and between somatic anxiety and rebound shooting. The analysis of variance results were in agreement with a positive effect (P < 0.05) for cognitive anxiety upon rebound shooting, and a negative effect which approached significance (P < 0.07) for somatic anxiety upon letter span. The results were interpreted as offering partial support for Eysenck's (1979) theoretical model, although further examination of multidimensional anxiety effects via the two models is warranted.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12875
Abstract: To evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a 12‐week Exercise Physiology (EP) program for people living in a residential aged care facility. A within‐study pre‐ and postintervention design to calculate incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios per quality‐adjusted life years gained. A health service provider perspective was used. Fifty‐nine participants enrolled in a 12‐week program. The program cost was A$514.30 per resident. At a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of A$64 000, the likelihood of being cost‐effective of the program is approximately 60%, due to a small increase in participants’ quality of life, as reported by care staff. The model showed great variance, depending on who rated the participants’ quality of life outcomes. It is uncertain that a 12‐week EP program is cost‐effective based on the evidence of the current trial. However, it appears that a low‐cost program can produce small improvements for residents in care facilities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-006-0213-X
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of predicting maximal oxygen uptake [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))] from sub-maximal V(.-)((O)(2)) values elicited during perceptually regulated exercise tests of 2- and 4-min duration. Nineteen physically active men and women (age range 19-23 years) volunteered to participate in two graded exercise tests to volitional exhaustion to measure V(.-)((O)(2)(max)) [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))(GXT)], at the beginning and end of a 2-week period, and four incremental, perceptually regulated tests to predict [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))] in the intervening period. Effort production tests comprised 2 x 2-min and 2 x 4-min bouts on a cycle ergometer, perceptually regulated at intensities of 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 on the Borg 6-20 rating of perceived (RPE) scale, in that order. In idual linear relationships between RPE and V(.-)((O)(2) for RPE ranges of 9-17, 11-17 and 9-15 were extrapolated to RPE 20 to predict [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))]. The prediction of [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))] was not moderated by gender. Although, [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))] estimated from RPE 9-17 of trial 1 of the 2-min protocol was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))(GXT)], and V(.-)((O)(2)(max)) predicted from the 4-min trials, the V(.-)((O)(2)(max)) predicted from trial 2 of the 2-min protocol was a more accurate prediction of [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))(GXT)], across all trials. The intraclass correlation coefficient (R) was also higher between [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))(GXT)], and [V(.-)((O)(2)(max))] predicted from trial 2 of the 2-min protocol compared to both trials in the 4-min protocol (R = 0.95, 0.88 and 0.79, respectively). Similar results were observed for RPE ranges 9-15 and 11-17. Results suggest that a sub-maximal, perceptually guided, graded exercise protocol, particularly of a 2-min duration, provides acceptable estimates of maximal aerobic power, which are not moderated by gender.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-015-0445-1
Abstract: Aerobic capacity (VO2max) is a strong predictor of health and fitness and is considered a key physiological measure in the healthy adult population. Submaximal step tests provide a safe, simple and ecologically valid means of assessing VO2max in both the general population and a rehabilitation setting. However, no studies have attempted to synthesize the existing knowledge regarding the validity of the multiple step-test protocols available to estimate VO2max in the healthy adult population. The objective of this study was to systematically review literature on the validity and reliability of submaximal step-test protocols to estimate VO2max in healthy adults (age 18-65 years). A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. The search returned 690 studies that underwent the initial screening process. To be included, the study had to (1) have participants deemed to be healthy and aged between 18 and 65 years (2) assess VO2max by means of a submaximal step test against a graded exercise test (GXT) to volitional exhaustion and (3) be available in English. Reference lists from included articles were screened for additional articles. The primary outcome measures used were the validity statistics between the actual measured VO2max and predicted VO2max values, and the reported direction of the statistically significant difference between the measured VO2max and the predicted VO2max. The Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was used to assess the risk of bias in each included study, and was adapted to the type of quantitative study design used. The combined database search produced 690 studies, from which 644 were excluded during the screening process. Following full-text assessment, a further 39 studies were excluded based on the eligibility criteria detailed previously. Four additional studies were located via the reference lists of the included studies, leaving 11 studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria and which compared eight different step-test protocols against a direct measure of VO2max incurred during a maximal GXT. Validity measures varied, with a broad range of correlation coefficients reported across the 11 studies (r = 0.469-0.95). Of the 11 studies, two reported reliability measures, demonstrating good test-retest reliability [mean -0.8 ± 3.7 mL kg(-1) min(-1) (±7.7 % of the mean measured VO2max)]. Considering the relationship between VO2max and various markers of health, the use of step tests as a measure of health in both the general adult population and rehabilitation settings is advocated. Step tests provide a simple, effective and ecologically valid method of submaximally assessing VO2max that can be implemented in a variety of situations within the general adult population. Future research is needed to assess the reliability of the majority of the step-test procedures reviewed. Based on the validity measures, submaximal step-test protocols are an acceptable means of estimating VO2max in the generally healthy adult population. For tracking changes in cardiorespiratory fitness, the Chester Step test appears to be an appropriate tool due to its high test-retest reliability.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 15-01-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FSPOR.2020.579278
Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to (1) establish GENEActiv intensity cutpoints in older adults and (2) compare the classification accuracy between dominant (D) or non-dominant (ND) wrist, using both laboratory and free-living data. Methods: Thirty-one older adults participated in the study. They wore a GENEActiv Original on each wrist and performed nine activities of daily living. A portable gas analyzer was used to measure energy expenditure for each task. Testing was performed on two occasions separated by at least 8 days. Some of the same participants ( n = 13) also wore one device on each wrist during 3 days of free-living. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to establish the optimal cutpoints. Results: For sedentary time, both dominant and non-dominant wrist had excellent classification accuracy (sensitivity 0.99 and 0.97, respectively specificity 0.91 and 0.86, respectively). For Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA), the non-dominant wrist device had better accuracy (ND sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.79 D sensitivity: 0.90, specificity 0.64). The corresponding cutpoints for sedentary-to-light were 255 and 375 g · min (epoch independent: 42.5 and 62.5 mg), and those for the light-to-moderate were 588 and 555 g · min (epoch-independent: 98.0 and 92.5 mg) for the non-dominant and dominant wrist, respectively. For free-living data, the dominant wrist device resulted in significantly more sedentary time and significantly less light and MVPA time compared to the non-dominant wrist.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal
Date: 20-12-2021
Abstract: Introduction: Recreational scuba ing has existed for over 70 years with organisations emerging that teach in iduals with disabilities to e. It is unclear what the physical and psychosocial effects of scuba interventions might be. This systematic review explores evidence for the effects of scuba ing in in iduals with neurological disability, intellectual disability and autism. Methods: The databases Medline, EMBASE, Ovid Emcare, and SportDiscus were searched. Included papers described a scuba-based intervention for clients with a neurological disability, intellectual disability and autism, with physical or psychosocial outcomes explored in the paper. Quality of the included papers was assessed using the McMaster Appraisal Tools, with descriptive data synthesis completed to explore the physical and psychosocial effects of the interventions. Results: Four papers met the inclusion criteria: a cross-sectional investigation, a phenomenological study, a case-control study and a multiple case study. The quality of the papers was low to moderate. Papers addressed the psychosocial effects of scuba ing, including motivation to participate, participant experiences, the effect on cognition and physical self-concept. One study reported an increase in self-concept for the majority of participants. An increase in understanding instructions and in visual attention was reported in another. Enjoyment of the activity was reported and motivators to be involved in scuba ing for people with disabilities included fun and excitement. No papers addressed functional outcomes. Conclusions: Whilst scuba ing interventions appear to enhance physical self-concept and are enjoyable, conclusive evidence regarding effectiveness could not be determined. Research in this area is extremely limited.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 20-11-2021
Abstract: he Social Brain Toolkit, conceived and developed in partnership with stakeholders, is a novel suite of web-based communication interventions for people with brain injury and their communication partners. To support effective implementation, the developers of the Social Brain Toolkit have collaborated with people with brain injury, communication partners, clinicians, and in iduals with digital health implementation experience to coproduce new implementation knowledge. In recognition of the equal value of experiential and academic knowledge, both types of knowledge are included in this study protocol, with input from stakeholder coauthors. his study aims to collaborate with stakeholders to prioritize theoretically based implementation targets for the Social Brain Toolkit, understand the nature of these priorities, and develop targeted implementation strategies to address these priorities, in order to support the Social Brain Toolkit’s implementation. heoretically underpinned by the Nonadoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework of digital health implementation, a maximum variation s le (N=35) of stakeholders coproduced knowledge of the implementation of the Social Brain Toolkit. People with brain injury (n=10), communication partners (n=11), and clinicians (n=5) participated in an initial web-based prioritization survey based on the NASSS framework. Survey completion was facilitated by plain English explanations and accessible captioned videos developed through 3 rounds of piloting. A speech-language pathologist also assisted stakeholders with brain injury to participate in the survey via video teleconference. Participants subsequently elaborated on their identified priorities via 7 web-based focus groups, in which researchers and stakeholders exchanged stakeholder perspectives and research evidence from a concurrent systematic review. Stakeholders were supported to engage in focus groups through the use of visual supports and plain English explanations. Additionally, in iduals with experience in digital health implementation (n=9) responded to the prioritization survey questions via in idual interview. The results will be deductively analyzed in relation to the NASSS framework in a coauthorship process with people with brain injury, communication partners, and clinicians. thical approval was received from the University of Technology Sydney Health and Medical Research Ethics Committee (ETH20-5466) on December 15, 2020. Data were collected from April 13 to November 18, 2021. Data analysis is currently underway, with results expected for publication in mid-2022. n this study, researchers supported in iduals with living experience of acquired brain injury, of communicating with or clinically supporting someone post injury, and of digital health implementation, to directly access and leverage the latest implementation research evidence and theory. With this support, stakeholders were able to prioritize implementation research targets, develop targeted implementation solutions, and coauthor and publish new implementation findings. The results will be used to optimize the implementation of 3 real-world, evidence-based interventions and thus improve the outcomes of people with brain injury and their communication partners. ERR1-10.2196/35080
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1080/026404101300149393
Abstract: Deci and Ryan's causality orientations theory suggests that there are in idual differences in motivational orientation towards initiating and regulating behaviour. They described three causality orientations: autonomy, control and impersonal. The aim of this paper is to describe the development and concurrent validity of the Exercise Causality Orientations Scale (ECOS), which was designed to measure the strength of these three orientations within exercise. Altogether, 592 working adults aged 35.0 +/- 11.4 years (mean +/- s) completed the ECOS and measures of self-determination, self-consciousness and social desirability. The analysis was conducted in two parts. First, the data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis using a multi-trait, multi-method framework. The original model resulted in a poor fit to the data. On the basis of its modification indices, three scenarios with ambiguous items were removed successively, resulting in a scale with good psychometric properties. Secondly, Pearson's correlations were conducted between the subscales of the ECOS and those of the questionnaires used for validation. Most of the results supported a priori hypotheses. In conclusion, our results show the ECOS to have good psychometric properties and they provide some support for its concurrent validity.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2007
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 11-09-2008
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2021
Abstract: Purpose : To determine the effect of biological maturation on athletic movement competency as measured using the Athletic Ability Assessment-6. Methods : Fifty-two junior Australian Rules football players were split into 3 groups based on proximity to peak height velocity, while 46 senior players were split into 2 groups based on playing status. The subjects completed the Athletic Ability Assessment-6 (inclusive of the overhead squat, double lunge, single-leg Romanian dead lift, push-up, and chin-up). All subjects were filmed and retrospectively assessed by a single rater. A 1-way analysis of variance and effect-size statistics (Cohen d ) with corresponding 90% confidence intervals were used to describe between-groups differences in the component movement scores. The statistical significance was set a priori at P .05. Results : There were significant between-groups differences for all component movements ( P .05). Post hoc testing revealed that older, more mature subjects possessed greater competency in all movements except the overhead squat. The effect sizes revealed predominantly moderate to very large differences in competency between the senior and junior groups (range of d [90% confidence interval]: 0.70 [0.06 to 1.30] to 3.01 [2.18 to 3.72]), with unclear to moderate differences found when comparing the 3 junior groups (0.08 [−0.50 to 0.65] to 0.97 [0.22–1.61]). Conclusions : The findings suggest that biological maturation may be associated with changes in athletic movement competency in youth Australian Rules football players. Therefore, it is recommended that strength and conditioning coaches monitor maturity status when working with 12- to 15-y-old players. This can allow for a comparison of an in idual’s athletic movement competency to maturity-based standards and help guide developmentally appropriate training programs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2015.11.001
Abstract: Hypocaloric low-fat diets, high in protein with moderate carbohydrate (HP) can enhance weight loss, improve glycaemic control and improve cardiometabolic health risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is unclear whether the metabolic benefits observed during weight loss are sustained during energy-balance and weight maintenance. Furthermore, there is a lack of evidence regarding the effect of HP diets on food cravings, cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in T2DM, despite carbohydrate food cravings, cognitive impairment and depression being associated with hyperglycaemia. Overweight/obese adults with T2DM were randomised to consume either a HP diet (n=32, ~32% protein, 33% carbohydrate, 30% fat) or a higher-carbohydrate diet (HC, n=29, ~22% protein, 51% carbohydrate, 22% fat) for 24 weeks with 30 min of moderate intensity exercise five days/week for the study duration. There were 2 phases: a 12 week weight loss phase followed by a 12 week weight maintenance phase. Primary outcome was glycaemic control (glycosylated haemoglobin HbA1c). Secondary outcomes were cardiometabolic risk factors (body composition, fasting blood pressure, blood lipids, glucose, insulin and C-reactive protein), food cravings, cognitive function (memory psychomotor and executive function and psychological well-being. Outcomes were measured at baseline and the end of each 12-week intervention phase. Data will be analysed as intention-to-treat using linear mixed effects models. This study will examine the effects of two dietary interventions on health outcomes in T2DM during weight loss and notably following weight maintenance where there is a paucity of evidence.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2014
Abstract: Many equations to predict maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 max) from submaximal exercise tests have been proposed for young people, but the composition and accuracy of these equations vary greatly. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze all submaximal exercise-based equations to predict V̇O 2 max measured via direct gas analysis for use with young people. Five databases were systematically searched in February 2013. Studies were included if they used a submaximal, exercise-based method to predict V̇O 2 max the actual V̇O 2 max was gas analyzed participants were younger than 18 years and equations included at least one submaximal exercise-based variable. A meta-analysis and narrative synthesis were conducted. Sixteen studies were included. The mean equation validity statistic was strong, r = .786 (95% CI 0.747–0.819). Subgroup meta-analysis suggests exercise mode may contribute to the overall model, with running- and walking-based predictive equations reporting the highest mean r values (running r = .880 walking r = .821) and cycling the weakest ( r = .743). Selection of the most appropriate equation should be guided by factors such as purpose, logistic limitations, appropriateness of the validation s le, the level of study bias, and the degree of accuracy. Suggestions regarding the most accurate equation for each exercise mode are provided.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-1995
DOI: 10.2466/PMS.1995.80.1.259
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect, as assessed by a bipolar feeling scale (FS) during cycle ergometry in a steady-state and a nonsteady-state condition in active and inactive in iduals. 71 subjects completed a self-report questionnaire on physical activity and were assigned to two groups, a low-active group of 16 men and 18 women and a high-active group of 18 men and 19 women. On Day 1 all subjects completed a sub-maximal exercise test to predict maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) from which work rates corresponding to 60% and 90% VO 2 max were calculated. On Day 2 half of the subjects completed a work rate equivalent to 60% VO 2 max whilst the other half completed a 90% VO 2 max work rate. On Day 3 alternative work rates were completed. RPE and FS were recorded after 2 and 4 min. at each work rate on both days. Mixed-model, 4-factor (gender x group x work rate x time) analyses of variance with repeated measures on work rate and time were conducted on the FS and RPE data. RPE was higher after 4 min. at both intensities, and there was a greater increase in RPE between 2 and 4 min. at the 90% than the 60% work rate. Rated feeling was more positive at the 60% work rate, high-active subjects were more positive than low-active subjects and rated feeling was lower in Minute 4 for both groups. The following interactions were observed: rated feeling was more negative after 4 min. for the low-active group compared to the high-active group at 2 and 4 min. and the low-active group reported more negative feeling at the 90% work rate compared to the 60% work rate while the high-active group did not change significantly. Timing of the RPE is important if used to prescribe exercise intensity. Further, low-active subjects should be encouraged to exercise at moderate intensities and discouraged from focusing on how they feel immediately before they finish a session.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-11-2023
DOI: 10.3389/FRVIR.2020.564664
Abstract: Many adults are physically inactive. While the reasons are complex, inactivity is, in part, influenced by the presence of negative feelings and low enjoyment during exercise. While virtual reality (VR) has been proposed as a way to improve engagement with exercise (e.g., choosing to undertake exercise), how VR is currently used to influence experiences during exercise is largely unknown. Here we aimed to summarize the existing literature evaluating the use of VR to influence motivation, affect, enjoyment, and engagement during exercise. A Population (clinical, and healthy), Concept (the extent and nature of research about VR in exercise, including underpinning theories), and Context (any setting, demographic, social context) framework was used. A systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar was completed by two independent reviewers. Of 970 studies identified, 25 unique studies were included ( n = 994 participants), with most (68%) evaluating VR influences on motivation, affect, enjoyment, and engagement during exercise in healthy populations ( n = 8 studies evaluating clinical populations). Two VR strategies were prominent – the use of immersion and the use of virtual avatars and agents/trainers. All studies but one used virtual agents/trainers, suggesting that we know little about the influence of virtual avatars on experiences during exercise. Generally, highly immersive VR had more beneficial effects than low immersive VR or exercise without VR. The interaction between VR strategy and the specific exercise outcome appeared important (e.g., virtual avatars/agents were more influential in positively changing motivation and engagement during exercise, whereas immersion more positively influenced enjoyment during exercise). Presently, the knowledge base is insufficient to provide definitive recommendations for use of specific VR strategies to target specific exercise outcomes, particularly given the numerous null findings. Regardless, these preliminary findings support the idea that VR may influence experiences during exercise via multiple mechanistic pathways. Understanding these underlying mechanisms may be important to heighten effects targeted to specific exercise outcomes during exercise. Future research requires purposeful integration of exercise-relevant theories into VR investigation, and careful consideration of VR definitions (including delineation between virtual avatars and virtual agents), software possibilities, and nuanced extension to clinical populations.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-07-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8986.2007.00558.X
Abstract: This study assessed the relationship between the rate of change of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), physiological activity, and time to volitional exhaustion. After completing a graded exercise test, 10 participants cycled at a constant load equating to 75% of peak oxygen uptake (V O(2)peak) to exhaustion. Participants performed two further constant load exercise tests at 75%V O(2)peak in a fresh state condition within the next 7 days. The RPE was regressed against time and percentage of the time (%time) to volitional exhaustion in both conditions. Despite a lower respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and higher heart rate at the start of the exercise bout in the fatigued condition, there were no differences in RPE at the onset or completion of exercise. As expected, the rate of increase in RPE was greater in the fatigued condition, but there were no differences when expressed against %time. Results suggest that RPE is set at the start of exercise using a scalar internal timing mechanism, which regulates RPE by altering the gain of the relationship with physiological parameters such as heart rate and RER when these are altered by previous fatiguing exercise.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-016-3485-9
Abstract: To determine whether maximal oxygen uptake (VO Sixteen participants (31.7 ± 11.3 years, 3 females) completed three PRETs (separated by 24-72 h) and one maximal, perceptually-regulated, graded exercise test (PRETmax) on a motorized treadmill. Oxygen uptake (VO VO The step PRET elicited significant and reliable increases in VO
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 30-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-02-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-014-2177-4
Abstract: Physical activity has been associated with improved outcomes for cancer survivors. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural Australians experience a health disadvantage, including poorer survival rates after diagnosis of cancer. The aim of this pilot feasibility study was to gain insight into the experiences of rural cancer survivors engaging in an online resource designed to increase regular walking. A 6-week online lifestyle intervention was implemented among eight cancer survivors living in three rural regions of South Australia. Participants used a pedometer to monitor daily steps taken, reported daily steps using a specially designed website and were provided with daily step goals based on their affective state. Participants took part in semi-structured face-to-face interviews to gauge their impressions of the program. Data were analysed using qualitative description and content analysis to derive major themes from the interviews. The program motivated participants to increase their walking and resulted in improvements in several self-reported physical and quality of life outcomes. The resource was clear and easy to navigate. The three-tiered step goal system reduced feelings of guilt if participants were unable to reach a goal. The step log and graph allowed participants to self-monitor their progress. The forum fostered social support however, more interaction with intervention personnel was suggested. This online pedometer-based walking intervention is feasible and effectively increases motivation for walking and enhances health-related quality of life in South Australian rural cancer survivors. A randomized controlled trial of this intervention is warranted.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-11-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-012-2541-3
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of a perceptually regulated exercise test (PRET) to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) following an aerobic exercise-training programme. Sedentary volunteers were assigned to either a training (TG n = 16) or control (CG n = 10) group. The TG performed 30 min of treadmill exercise, regulated at 13 on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale, 3× per week for 8 weeks. All participants completed a 12-min PRET to predict VO₂max followed by a graded exercise test (GXT) to measure VO₂max before and after training. The PRET required participants to control the speed and incline on the treadmill to correspond to RPE intensities of 9, 11, 13 and 15. Predictive accuracy of extrapolation end-points RPE19 and RPE20 from a submaximal RPE range of 9-15 was compared. Measured VO₂max increased by 17 % (p < 0.05) from baseline to post-intervention in TG. This was reflected by a similar change in [VO₂max predicted from PRET when extrapolated to RPE 19 (baseline VO₂max: 31.3 ± 5.5, 30.3 ± 9.5 mL kg(-1) min(-1) post-intervention VO₂max: 36.7 ± 6.4, 37.4 ± 7.9 mL kg(-1) min(-1), for measured and predicted values, respectively). There was no change in CG (measured vs. predicted VO₂max: 39.3 ± 6.5 40.3 ± 8.2 and 39.2 ± 7.0 37.7 ± 6.0 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) at baseline and post-intervention, respectively. The results confirm that PRET is sensitive to increases in VO₂max following aerobic training.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-01-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.2165/11590680-000000000-00000
Abstract: The public health problem of physical inactivity has proven resistant to research efforts aimed at elucidating its causes and interventions designed to alter its course. Thus, in most industrialized countries, the majority of the population is physically inactive or inadequately active. Most theoretical models of exercise behaviour assume that the decision to engage in exercise is based on cognitive factors (e.g. weighing pros and cons, appraising personal capabilities, evaluating sources of support). Another, still-under-appreciated, possibility is that these decisions are influenced by affective variables, such as whether previous exercise experiences were associated with pleasure or displeasure. This review examines 33 articles published from 1999 to 2009 on the relationship between exercise intensity and affective responses. Unlike 31 studies that were published until 1998 and were examined in a 1999 review, these more recent studies have provided evidence of a relation between the intensity of exercise and affective responses. Pleasure is reduced mainly above the ventilatory or lactate threshold or the onset of blood lactate accumulation. There are pleasant changes at sub-threshold intensities for most in iduals, large inter-in idual variability close to the ventilatory or lactate threshold and homogeneously negative changes at supra-threshold intensities. When the intensity is self-selected, rather than imposed, it appears to foster greater tolerance to higher intensity levels. The evidence of a dose-response relation between exercise intensity and affect sets the stage for a reconsideration of the rationale behind current guidelines for exercise intensity prescription. Besides effectiveness and safety, it is becoming increasingly clear that the guidelines should take into account whether a certain level of exercise intensity would be likely to cause increases or decreases in pleasure.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 04-2015
Abstract: Peak oxygen uptake (V̇O 2 peak) is reliably predicted in young and middle-aged adults using a submaximal perceptually-regulated exercise test (PRET). It is unknown whether older adults can use a PRET to accurately predict V̇O 2 peak. In this study, the validity of a treadmill-based PRET to predict V̇O 2 peak was assessed in 24 participants (65.2 ± 3.9 years, 11 males). The PRET required a change in speed or incline corresponding to ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) 9, 11, 13, and 15. Extrapolation of submaximal V̇O 2 from the PRET to RPE endpoints 19 and 20 and age-predicted HRmax were compared with measured V̇O 2 peak. The V̇O 2 extrapolated to both RPE19 and 20 over-predicted V̇O 2 peak ( p .001). However, extrapolating V̇O 2 to age-predicted HRmax accurately predicted V̇O 2 peak ( r = .84). Results indicate older adults can use a PRET to predict V̇O 2 peak by extrapolating V̇O 2 from submaximal intensities to an age-predicted HRmax.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-12-2018
Abstract: Physical activity has numerous associated benefits for cancer survivors. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural and remote Australians experience a health disadvantage, including poorer survival rate after the diagnosis of cancer. The purpose of this qualitative study was to (a) investigate factors that motivated or inhibited walking in rural participants during a 12-week intervention and (b) to investigate factors that motivated or inhibited physical activity behavior change three months post-intervention. Ten cancer survivors living in rural areas of South Australia participated in a 12-week computer-delivered walking-based intervention during which they reported daily steps, daily affect, and ratings of perceived exertion. Based on this information, in idualized daily step goals were sent to them to increase walking. Following the intervention, participants engaged in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded using thematic analysis. Participants identified a range of physical, psychological, social, environmental, and organizational motivators and barriers. Participants appreciated the monitoring and support from the research team, but some voiced a need for better transition to post-program and many desired ongoing support to maintain their motivation. Future studies should incorporate strategies to help walking behavior to become more intrinsically motivated and therefore sustained.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.740
Abstract: Due to the nature of their jobs, frontline aged care workers may be a population at risk of poor health and lifestyle habits. Support of their well‐being through the workplace is likely to be complex. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a need‐supportive program for changing physical activity and psychological well‐being via the motivational processes of behavioural regulations and perceived need satisfaction. Frontline aged care workers ( n = 25) participated in a single cohort, pre–post pilot trial. The program included a Motivational Interviewing style appointment, education on goal setting and self‐management, the use of affect, exertion and self‐pacing for regulating physical activity intensity and practical support activities. Outcomes (7‐day accelerometery, 6‐min walk, K10 and AQoL‐8D), and motivational processes (BREQ‐3 and PNSE) were measured at baseline, 3 and 9 months, and analysed using linear mixed models for repeated measures. There were significant increases in perceived autonomy at 3 months (Δ .43 ± SE: .20 p = .03) and 6‐min walk distance at 9 months (Δ 29.11 m ± SE: 13.75 p = .04), which appeared to be driven by the relative autonomy index (behavioural regulations in exercise questionnaire [BREQ‐3]). Amotivation increased at 3 months (Δ .23 ± SE:.12 p = .05) which may have been due to low scores at baseline. No other changes were demonstrated at any timepoint. Participants demonstrated positive changes in motivational processes and physical function, however, due to the low levels of participation in the program, the program had a negligible impact at the organisational level. Future researchers and aged care organisations should aim to address factors impacting participation in well‐being initiatives.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1991
DOI: 10.1111/J.2044-8295.1991.TB02391.X
Abstract: An experiment is reported which tests Fazey & Hardy's (1988) catastrophe model of anxiety and performance. Eight experienced basketball players were required to perform a set shooting task, under conditions of high and low cognitive anxiety. On each of these occasions, physiological arousal was manipulated by means of physical work in such a way that subjects were tested with physiological arousal increasing and decreasing. Curve-fitting procedures followed by non-parametric tests of significance confirmed (p less than .002) Fazey & Hardy's hysteresis hypothesis: namely, that the polynomial curves for the increasing vs. decreasing arousal conditions would be horizontally displaced relative to each other in the high cognitive anxiety condition, but superimposed on top of one another in the low cognitive anxiety condition. Other non-parametric procedures showed that subjects' maximum performances were higher, their minimum performances lower, and their critical decrements in performance greater in the high cognitive anxiety condition than in the low cognitive anxiety condition. These results were taken as strong support for Fazey & Hardy's catastrophe model of anxiety and performance. The implications of the model for current theorizing on the anxiety-performance relationship are also discussed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-01-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8986.2011.01330.X
Abstract: Effects of deception and expected duration on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE), affect, and heart rate (HR) were examined during treadmill (n=12) and cycling (n=8) exercise. Participants completed three conditions: (1) 20 MIN-exercise for 20 min, stop after 20 min (2) 10 MIN-exercise for 10 min, in 10th min be told to exercise for 10 min more and (3) UNKNOWN-no information about duration. Intensities were set at 70% and 65% of peak oxygen uptake for treadmill and cycling, respectively. RPE increased (treadmill) and affect decreased (treadmill and cycling) in the absence of changes in HR and oxygen uptake in the 10 MIN conditions. These changes suggest a disruption to a feed-forward/feedback system. The lower HR in the UNKNOWN conditions suggests a subconscious attempt to conserve energy when the duration of the exercise task is unknown.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEC.2014.01.015
Abstract: Identifying predictors of weight loss could help to triage people who will benefit most from programs and identify those who require additional support. The present research was designed to address statistical, conceptual and operational difficulties associated with the role of self-efficacy in predicting weight loss. In Study 1, 115 dieting overweight/obese women at high risk of breast cancer were weighed and completed questionnaires assessing motivation, global self-efficacy and self-efficacy for temptations. The main outcome measure was weight, measured 3-months post-baseline. Study 2 was identical (n=107), except changes in psychological variables were computed, and used to predict weight 6-months post-baseline. In Study 1, self-efficacy for temptations was a significant predictor of weight loss at 3-month follow-up. In Study 2, improved self-efficacy for temptations between baseline and four-weeks was predictive of lower weight at 6 months. The key finding was that self-efficacy for temptations, as opposed to motivation and global self-efficacy, was predictive of subsequent weight loss. The implication is that augmenting dieters' capability for dealing with temptations might boost the impact of weight loss programs.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 07-2021
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to produce a descriptive overview of the types of water-based interventions for people with neurological disability, autism, and intellectual disability and to determine how outcomes have been evaluated. Literature was searched through MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid Emcare, SPORTDiscus, Google Scholar, and Google. One hundred fifty-three papers met the inclusion criteria, 115 hydrotherapy, 62 swimming, 18 SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus), and 18 other water-based interventions. Common conditions included cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, and intellectual disability. Fifty-four papers explored physical outcomes, 36 psychosocial outcomes, and 24 both physical and psychosocial outcomes, with 180 different outcome measures reported. Overall, there is a lack of high-quality evidence for all intervention types. This review provides a broad picture of water-based interventions and associated research. Future research, guided by this scoping review, will allow a greater understanding of the potential benefits for people with neurological disability, autism, and intellectual disability.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2012.05.013
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to establish activity intensity cut-points for the GENEA accelerometer via calibration with oxygen consumption (V˙O(2)). The study was a lab-based validation and calibration study. Forty-four children, aged 8-14 years, completed eight activities (ranging from lying supine to a medium paced run) whilst wearing GENEA accelerometers at three locations (each wrist and at the right hip), an ActiGraph GT1M at the hip and a portable gas analyser. ActiGraph output and V˙O(2) were used for assessment of concurrent and criterion validity, respectively. Pearson's r correlations were used to assess validity of the GENEA monitors at each location and location-specific activity intensity cut-points were established via Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis. The GENEA showed good criterion validity at both wrist locations (right: r=.900 left: r=.910, both p<0.01), although the hip-mounted monitor demonstrated significantly higher criterion validity (r=.965, p<0.05). Similar results were shown for concurrent validity (right: r=.830 left: r=.845 hip: r=.985, all p<0.01). GENEAs, irrespective of wear location, accurately discriminated between all activity intensities (sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous) with the hip mounted monitor recording the largest area under the curve for each intensity (area under the curve=0.94-0.99). The GENEA can be used to accurately assess children's physical activity intensity when worn at either the wrist or the hip.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2007
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-007-0508-6
Abstract: This study assessed whether the accuracy of predicting maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) from sub-maximal heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) values was moderated by gender and habitual activity. In total, 27 men and 18 women completed two GXTs to determine VO2max and three perceptually-regulated GXTs, incremented by RPE 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17. The RPE and HR were in idually regressed against VO2max (approximately 0.96) to enable predictions of VO2max. The VO2max was predicted from three RPE ranges (9-17, 9-15, 9-13). The RPE ranges were extrapolated to RPE(19), RPE(20) and age-predicted maximal HR (HRmax(pred)). ANOVA revealed no differences between measured and predicted VO2max (P > 0.05) when the RPE range 9-17 was extrapolated to RPE(19) and HRmax(pred). Extrapolation of RPE 9-17 to RPE(20) overestimated VO2max (P < 0.05), but no differences were observed when predicted from the RPE ranges 9-15 and 9-13. The prediction of VO2max was not moderated by gender or activity status. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that HR explained additional variance in VO2max when added to the RPE (2%). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis also indicated that VO2max was significantly correlated with power output at sub-maximal RPE values of 13 and 15 (P < 0.01) in men and women. The addition of HRmax(pred) improved the accuracy of the prediction equation for men (P = 0.05) but not for women. The study confirmed the validity of estimating VO2max from perceptually-regulated, sub-maximal GXT and indicated the potential utility of regression analysis to gauge appropriate sub-maximal exercise intensities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-04-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-005-1327-2
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of predicting maximal oxygen uptake(VO(2max)) from sub-maximal VO(2) values elicited during a perceptually-regulated exercise test. We hypothesised that the strong relationship between the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and VO(2) would enable VO(2max) to be predicted and that this would improve with practice. Ten male volunteers performed a graded exercise test (GXT) to establish VO(2max) followed by three sub-maximal RPE production protocols on a cycle ergometer, each separated by a period of 48 h. The perceptually-regulated trials were conducted at intensities of 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 on the RPE scale, in that order. VO(2) and HR were measured continuously and recorded at the end of each 4 min stage. In idual's RPE values yielded correlations in the range 0.92-0.99 across the three production trials. There were no significant differences between measured VO(2max) (48.8 ml.kg(-1).min(-1)) and predicted VO(2) max values (47.3, 48.6 and 49.9 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), for trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively) when VO(2) max was predicted from RPE values of 9-17. The same was observed when VO(2max) was predicted using RPE 9-15. Limits of agreement (LoA) analysis on actual and predicted VO(2max) values (from RPE 9-17) were (bias+/-1.96xSDdiff) 1.5+/-7.3, 0.2+/-4.9 and -1.2+/-5.8 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), for trials 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Corresponding LoA values for actual and predicted VO(2max) (from RPE 9-15) were 5.4+/-11.3, 4.4+/-8.7 and 2.3+/-8.4 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), respectively. The data suggest that a sub-maximal, perceptually-guided, graded exercise protocol can provide acceptable estimates of maximal aerobic power, which are further improved with practice in fit young males.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-11-2018
Abstract: As we age, maintaining physical functionality is important with respect to wellbeing and healthy ageing. For older adults with dementia this may be difficult, particularly in the residential aged care environment. This article reports the qualitative examination of an Exercise Physiologist-delivered exercise programme for residents with dementia. Perspectives related to the perceived impact and acceptability of the programme, as well as barriers to implementation, and delivery of exercise to residents, were sought from family members and care staff through semi-structured interviews. Benefits related to physical and social factors were identified, and perceptions related to who might benefit from exercise were changed as a result of observing residents participate in the programme. These findings support the notion that an Exercise Physiologist-delivered exercise programme, with a person-centred approach, can contribute to improved functionality for residents with dementia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2015
DOI: 10.3758/S13415-015-0374-3
Abstract: The relationship between cognitive and sensory processes in the brain contributes to the regulation of affective responses (pleasure-displeasure). Exercise can be used to manipulate sensory processes (by increasing physiological demand) in order to examine the role of dispositional traits that may influence an in idual's ability to cognitively regulate these responses. With the use of near infrared spectroscopy, in this study we examined the influence of self-reported tolerance upon prefrontal cortex (PFC) hemodynamics and affective responses. The hemodynamic response was measured in in iduals with high or low tolerance during an incremental exercise test. Sensory manipulation was standardized against metabolic processes (ventilatory threshold [VT] and respiratory compensation point [RCP]), and affective responses were recorded. The results showed that the high-tolerance group displayed a larger hemodynamic response within the right PFC above VT (which increased above RCP). The low-tolerance group showed a larger hemodynamic response within the left PFC above VT. The high-tolerance group reported a more positive/less negative affective response above VT. These findings provide direct neurophysiological evidence of differential hemodynamic responses within the PFC that are associated with tolerance in the presence of increased physiological demands. This study supports the role of dispositional traits and previous theorizing into the underlying mechanisms (cognitive vs. sensory processes) of affective responses.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-06-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-1996
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 06-2007
Abstract: Using a mixed-method approach, the aim of this study was to explore affective responses to exercise at intensities below-lactate threshold (LT), at-LT, and above-LT to test the proposals of the dual-mode model (Ekkekakis, 2003). These intensities were also contrasted with a self-selected intensity. Further, the factors that influenced the generation of those affective responses were explored. Nineteen women completed 20 min of treadmill exercise at each intensity. Affective valence and activation were measured, pre-, during and postexercise. Afterward, participants were asked why they had felt the way they had during each intensity. Results supported hypotheses showing affect to be least positive during the above-LT condition and most positive during the self-selected and below-LT conditions. In idual differences were greatest in the below-LT and at-LT conditions. Qualitative results showed that factors relating to perceptions of ability, interpretation of exercise intensity, exercise outcomes, focus of concentration, and perceptions of control influenced the affective response and contributed to the in idual differences shown in the quantitative data.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 21-02-2023
Abstract: his is test MS 21 Feb 2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2012.01.005
Abstract: Affect-regulated exercise to feel 'good' can be used to control exercise intensity amongst both active and sedentary in iduals and should support exercise adherence. It is not known, however, whether affect-regulated exercise training can lead to physical health gains. The aim of this study was to examine if affect-regulated exercise to feel 'good' leads to improved fitness over the course of an 8-week training programme. A repeated measures design (pretest-posttest) with independent groups (training and control). 20 sedentary females completed a submaximal graded exercise test and were then allocated to either a training group or control group. The training group completed two supervised sessions and one unsupervised session per week for 8 weeks. Exercise intensity was affect-regulated to feel 'good'. Following the 8 weeks of training, both groups completed a second submaximal graded exercise test. Repeated measures analyses of variance indicated a significant increase in the time to reach ventilatory threshold in the training group (318 ± 23.7s) compared to control (248 ± 16.9s). Overall compliance to training was high (>92%). Participants in the training group exercised at intensities that would be classified as being in the lower range of the recommended guidelines (≈ 50% V˙O(2) max) for cardiovascular health. Affect-regulated exercise to feel 'good' can be used in a training programme to regulate exercise intensity. This approach led to a 19% increase in time to reach ventilatory threshold, which is indicative of improved fitness.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2005
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 27-02-2011
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 18-08-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2018-099153
Abstract: Assess the role of exercise intensity on changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in patients with cardiac conditions attending exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Systematic review with meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Studies assessing change in CRF (reported as peak oxygen uptake V̇O 2peak ) in patients post myocardial infarction and revascularisation, following exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation. Studies establishing V̇O 2peak via symptom-limited exercise test with ventilatory gas analysis and reported intensity of exercise during rehabilitation were included. Studies with mean ejection fraction % were excluded. 128 studies including 13 220 patients were included. Interventions were classified as moderate, moderate-to-vigorous or vigorous intensity based on published recommendations. Moderate and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity interventions were associated with a moderate increase in relative V̇O 2peak (standardised mean difference±95% CI=0.94±0.30 and 0.93±0.17, respectively), and vigorous-intensity exercise with a large increase (1.10±0.25). Moderate and vigorous-intensity interventions were associated with moderate improvements in absolute V̇O 2peak (0.63±0.34 and 0.93±0.20, respectively), whereas moderate-to-vigorous-intensity interventions elicited a large effect (1.27±0.75). Large heterogeneity among studies was observed for all analyses. Subgroup analyses yielded statistically significant, but inconsistent, improvements in CRF. Engagement in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation was associated with significant improvements in both absolute and relative V̇O 2peak . Although exercise of vigorous intensity produced the greatest pooled effect for change in relative V̇O 2peak , differences in pooled effects between intensities could not be considered clinically meaningful. Prospero CRD42016035638.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2015.10.094
Abstract: To test the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of reducing sitting time in stroke survivors. Randomized controlled trial with attention-matched controls and blinded assessments. Community. Stroke survivors (N=35 22 men mean age, 66.9±12.7y). Four counseling sessions over 7 weeks with a message of sit less and move more (intervention group) or calcium for bone health (attention-matched control group). Measures included safety (adverse events, increases in pain, spasticity, or fatigue) and feasibility (adherence to trial protocol). Secondary measures included time spent sitting (including in prolonged bouts ≥30min), standing, and stepping as measured by the thigh-worn inclinometer (7d, 24h/d protocol) and time spent in physical activity of at least moderate intensity as measured by a triaxial accelerometer. The Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults was used to describe changes in use of time. Thirty-three participants completed the full protocol. Four participants reported falls during the intervention period with no other adverse events. From a baseline average of 640.7±99.6min/d, daily sitting time reduced on average by 30±50.6min/d (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.8-54.6) in the intervention group and 40.4±92.5min/d in the control group (95% CI, 13.0-93.8). Participants in both groups also reduced their time spent in prolonged sitting bouts (≥30min) and increased time spent standing and stepping. Our protocol was both safe and feasible. Participants in both groups spent less time sitting and more time standing and stepping postintervention, but outcomes were not superior for intervention participants. Attention matching is desirable in clinical trials and may have contributed to the positive outcomes for control participants.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-05-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1651-2227.2009.01255.X
Abstract: To examine the relevance of physical activity intensity when assessing the relationship between activity and psychological health in 9-10-year-old children. Activity was assessed by accelerometry in 57 boys (n = 23) and girls (n = 34). Total activity and time spent in very light ( or =6 METs) were recorded. Psychological health inventories to assess anxiety, depression and aspects of self-worth were completed. Time accumulated in very light activity had positive correlations with anxiety and depression (r > 0.30, p -0.29, p -0.30, p 0.28, p < 0.05). Children spending over 4 h in very light intensity activity had more negative psychological profiles than children spending under 4 h at this intensity. Aspects of psychological health were negatively correlated with very light intensity activity and positively correlated with vigorous intensity activity. Further research should investigate whether reducing time spent in very light intensity activity and increasing time spent in vigorous intensity activity improves psychological health in children.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-09-2013
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2013.832804
Abstract: A maximal, perceptually-regulated exercise test (PRETmax) whereby participants control the intensity according to preset ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) may induce more positive affective responses than a conventional 'experimenter controlled' incremental r test (Ir ). The authors aimed to assess (1) if a PRETmax could be used to measure VO(2max) and (2) if affective responses differed between the PRETmax and Ir . Sixteen participants (age 20.5, s=1.2 y) completed a PRETmax which required them to adjust the resistance on a recumbent cycle ergometer to correspond to prescribed RPEs of 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 20 and an Ir . Both tests ended with volitional exhaustion. Affect was recorded every minute throughout exercise using the Feeling Scale (FS). There was no difference (P>0.05) between VO(2max) measured by PRETmax (43.5, s=4.1 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and Ir (44.3, s=4.9 ml kg(-1) min(-1)). Participants reported feeling significantly less negative (P<0.001) throughout the PRETmax compared to Ir (average mean difference FS = 1.4, s=0.1). The PRETmax has application in situations where the direct measurement of VO(2max) is required and the affective responses of the in idual are considered to be important.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1177/135910530000500213
Abstract: This study compared the effects of 20 minutes of treadmill exercise at a prescribed intensity exercise (65% VO 2 max) and a preferred intensity exercise on psychological affect and exercise enjoyment in aerobically fit in iduals. Affect was measured before exercise, at 5-minute intervals during exercise and 5 minutes post-exercise. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and enjoyment were also measured during each session. Results indicated that there was no difference in psychological affect or enjoyment between the two exercise sessions, although work rate was higher in the preferred condition. However, pre-exercise values of affect played an influential role in the affective response to exercise. These results suggest that allowing fit in iduals to select their own exercise intensity may be more beneficial physiologically and psychologically.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001573
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the Feeling Scale (FS) to self-regulate resistance training (RT) intensity. Sixteen sedentary men (39.7 ± 7.5 yr) performed 3 familiarization sessions, 2 one-repetition maximum (1RM) testing, and 16 RT sessions (four sessions for each FS descriptor randomized). The FS descriptors were “very good” (FS + 5), “good” (FS + 3), “fairly good” (FS + 1), and “fairly bad” (FS − 1). Resistance exercises were leg press, chest press, knee extension, and seated biceps curl. Participants were instructed to select a load associated with the verbal/numerical descriptor of the FS to perform three sets of 10 repetitions. Participants lifted a significantly greater %1RM as the FS level decreased from FS + 5 to FS − 1 ( P 0.001). The mean %1RM values for the FS descriptors of +5, +3, +1, and −1, respectively, were as follows: leg press, 42.5% ± 9.5%, 58.2% ± 7.4%, 69.9% ± 7.0%, and 80.7% ± 5.4% knee extensor, 37.4% ± 9.6%, 54.5% ± 9.3%, 65.3% ± 8.7%, and 78.2% ± 5.9% chest press, 42.4% ± 11.3%, 54.9% ± 11.4%, 66.4% ± 12.6%, and 78.2% ± 13.5% and biceps curl, 39.0% ± 8.1%, 54.0% ± 9.7%, 68.4% ± 5.9%, and 83.2% ± 3.0%. The interclass correlation coefficient over the four experimental sessions ranged from 0.73 to 0.99 for %1RM and from 0.77 to 0.99 for weight lifted, with a coefficient of variation of approximately 7%, 4%, 2%, and 2% for FS descriptors of +5, +3, +1, and −1, respectively. This study is the first to demonstrate that the FS can be used to self-regulate exercise intensity in RT. The lower the FS descriptor, the higher the weight lifted. In addition, the load self-selected for each FS descriptor was reliable across the four sessions.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-09-2018
Abstract: Cancer survivors are at an increased risk of experiencing physical and psychological ill-effects following cancer treatment. Rural cancer survivors are at a greater risk of future health problems following a cancer diagnosis compared to their urban counterparts. Physical activity has been targeted as a health promotion priority in cancer survivors. Research indicates that a large portion of cancer survivors do not meet physical activity recommendations. The purpose of this quasi-randomized controlled trial was to test the effectiveness of an online 12-week walking intervention designed for cancer survivors, and to explore its impact on physical health indicators and quality of life outcomes. Steps Toward Improving Diet and Exercise among cancer survivors (STRIDE) is an online resource designed according to Social Cognitive Theory and Self Determination Theory, based on in idualized step goal setting. Measures of physiology, physical fitness, and quality of life were taken at the baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up in an Intervention group (n = 46) and active Control group (n = 45). The Control group was provided with a pedometer but did not have access to the online program. Three-factor repeated measures ANOVAs indicated that there were improvements in physical fitness (p 0.01), systolic blood pressure (p 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (p 0.01), waist girth (p 0.01), mental health (p 0.05), social functioning (p 0.01), and general health (p 0.01), but an increase in bodily pain (p 0.01), from the baseline to week 12 and the three-month follow-up, irrespective of group allocation. Pedometer interventions, delivered with or without online support and step goal setting, show promise for improving the overall health of cancer survivors, at least in the short term.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001845
Abstract: This study investigated the effect of β-blockade on physiological and perceived exertion (RPE) responses during incremental treadmill exercise. Sixteen healthy participants ( n = 8 men age, 25.3 ± 4.6 yr) performed a maximal treadmill exercise test after ingestion of 100 mg metoprolol or placebo, with a double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced design. Heart rate (HR), ventilatory, and gas exchange variables were measured continuously, and participants reported RPE at the end of each minute. Physiological and RPE responses during each condition were compared at the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point, and at maximal exercise using repeated-measures ANOVA. Linear regression modeled relationships between perceived exertion and physiological variables. The HR and V˙O 2 at the VT, respiratory compensation point, and maximal exercise were all significantly lower after β-blockade ( P 0.05). However, when standardized to within condition peak values, differences were no longer significant. The RPE associated with VT was higher after β-blockade (12.9 ± 1.0 vs 12.3 ± 1.2, P 0.05) but lower at maximal exercise (19.1 ± 0.6 vs 19.4 ± 0.5, P 0.05). Increases in RPE relative to HR were greater after β-blockade and remained significant when expressed relative to peak HR. There was no difference in the growth of the relationship between RPE and V˙O 2 across conditions, although the origin of the relationship was higher with β-blockade. Although β-blockade resulted in a significant reduction in exercising HR and V˙O 2 , the RPE for a given relative intensity remained unchanged. The relationship between RPE and V˙O 2 was not affected by β-blockade. The results provide evidence that RPE is a useful and reliable measure for exercise testing and prescription in patients prescribed β-blockade therapy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-11-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9121283
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1186/BCR1937
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2011
Abstract: Adolescence provides a significant opportunity to influence attitudes toward activity. It has been proposed that affective responses are the first link in the hypothesized exercise intensity-affect-adherence chain. The aim of this study was to explore young low-active adolescents’ affective responses to different exercise intensities using quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Participants completed 15 min of exercise at four exercise intensities: three set in relation to the participants’ ventilatory threshold (above, at, and below) and one self-selected. Affective valence was measured before, during, and after exercise, and participants were interviewed about their responses. Patterns in affective responses in quantitative data support tenets of the dual-mode theory. Qualitative data were presented as four narrative stories, and dominant themes associated with affective responses were identified. Consideration of in idual preferences in the prescription of exercise, prescribing exercise set below the ventilatory threshold, or encouraging adolescents to self-select exercise intensity could positively influence adolescents’ exercise experiences.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S40279-013-0139-5
Abstract: Maximal or peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2 max and V˙O2 peak , respectively) are commonly measured during graded exercise tests (GXTs) to assess cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), to prescribe exercise intensity and/or to evaluate the effects of training. However, direct measurement of CRF requires a GXT to volitional exhaustion, which may not always be well accepted by athletes or which should be avoided in some clinical populations. Consequently, numerous studies have proposed various sub-maximal exercise tests to predict V˙O2 max or V˙O2 peak . Because of the strong link between ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and oxygen uptake (V˙O2), it has been proposed that the in idual relationship between RPE and V˙O2 (RPE:V˙O2) can be used to predict V˙O2 max (or V˙O2 peak) from data measured during submaximal exercise tests. To predict V˙O2 max or V˙O2 peak from these linear regressions, two procedures may be identified: an estimation procedure or a production procedure. The estimation procedure is a passive process in which the in idual is typically asked to rate how hard an exercise bout feels according to the RPE scale during each stage of a submaximal GXT. The production procedure is an active process in which the in idual is asked to self-regulate and maintain an exercise intensity corresponding to a prescribed RPE. This procedure is referred to as a perceptually regulated exercise test (PRET). Recently, prediction of V˙O2max or V˙O2 peak from RPE:V˙O2 measured during both GXT and PRET has received growing interest. A number of studies have tested the validity, reliability and sensitivity of predicted V˙O2 max or V˙O2 peak from RPE:V˙O2 extrapolated to the theoretical V˙O2 max at RPE20 (or RPE19). This review summarizes studies that have used this predictive method during submaximal estimation or production procedures in various populations (i.e., sedentary in iduals, athletes and pathological populations). The accuracy of the methods is discussed according to the RPE:V˙O2 range used to plot the linear regression (e.g., RPE9–13 versus RPE9–15 versus RPE9–17 during PRET), as well as the perceptual endpoint used for the extrapolation (i.e., RPE19 and RPE20). The V˙O2 max or V˙O2 peak predictions from RPE:V˙O2 are also compared with heart rate-related predictive methods. This review suggests that V˙O2 max (or V˙O2 peak ) may be predicted from RPE:V˙O2 extrapolated to the theoretical V˙O2 max (or V˙O2 peak) at RPE20 (or RPE19). However, it is generally preferable to (1) extrapolate RPE:V ˙ O 2 to RPE19 (rather than RPE20) (2) use wider RPE ranges (e.g. RPE ≤ 17 or RPE9–17) in order to increase the accuracy of the predictions and (3) use RPE ≤ 15 or RPE9–15 in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in clinical populations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.03.006
Abstract: This systematic review aimed to (i) report the accuracy of submaximal exercise-based predictive equations that incorporate oxygen uptake (measured via open circuit spirometry) to predict maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max) and (ii) provide a critical reflection of the data to inform health professionals and researchers when selecting a prediction equation. Systematic review. A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE (via OvidSP), CINAHL, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO Host) and Scopus databases was undertaken in February 2013. Studies were required to report data on healthy participants aged 18-65y. Following tabulation of extracted data, a narrative synthesis was conducted. From a total of 7597 articles screened, 19 studies were included, from which a total of 43 prediction equations were extracted. No significant difference was reported between the measured and predicted VO₂max in 28 equations. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the predicted and measured VO₂max ranged from r=0.92 to r=0.57. The variables most commonly used in predictive equations were heart rate (n=19) and rating of perceived exertion (n=24). Overall, submaximal exercise-based equations using open circuit spirometry to predict VO₂max are moderately to highly accurate. The heart rate and rating of perceived exertion methods of predicting VO₂max were of similar accuracy. Important factors to consider when selecting a predictive equation include: the level of exertion required participant medical conditions or medications the validation population mode of ergometry time and resources available for familiarisation trials and the level of bias of the study from which equations are derived.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-10-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-01-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-012-2326-8
Abstract: The validity of predicting peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) in sedentary participants from a perceptually regulated exercise test (PRET) is limited to two cycle ergometry studies. We assessed the validity of a treadmill-based PRET. Active (n = 49 40.7 ± 13.8 years) and sedentary (n = 26 33.4 ± 13.2 y) participants completed two PRETS (PRET 1 and PRET2), requiring a change in speed or incline corresponding to ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) 9, 11, 13 and 15. Extrapolation of RPE: [Formula: see text] data to RPE 19 and 20 from the RPE 9-13 and 9-15 ranges were used to estimate [Formula: see text], and compared to [Formula: see text] from a graded exercise test (GXT). The [Formula: see text] :heart rate (HR) data (≥RPE 15) from the GXT were also extrapolated to age-predicted maximal HR (HRmax(pred)) to provide further estimation of [Formula: see text]. ANOVA revealed no significant differences between [Formula: see text] predictions from the RPE 9-15 range for PRET 1 and PRET 2 when extrapolated to RPE 19 in both active (54.3 ± 7.4 52.9 ± 8.1 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and sedentary participants (34.1 ± 10.2 34.2 ± 9.6 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) and no difference between the HRmax(pred) method and measured [Formula: see text] from the GXT for active (53.3 ± 10.0 53.9 ± 7.5 ml kg(-1) min(-1), respectively) and sedentary participants (33.6 ± 8.4, 34.4 ± 7.0 ml kg(-1) min(-1), respectively). A single treadmill-based PRET using RPE 9-15 range extrapolated to RPE 19 is a valid means of predicting [Formula: see text] in young and middle to older-aged in iduals of varying activity and fitness levels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2020
Abstract: Regular physical activity for older adults as they age is important for maintaining not only physical function but also independence and self-worth. To be able to monitor changes in physical function, appropriate validated measures are required. Reliability of measures such as the timed-up-and-go, five-repetition sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, two-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, and four-metre walk has been demonstrated however, the appropriateness of such measures in a population of adults living with dementia, who may be unable to follow instructions or have diminished physical capacity, is not as well quantified. This study sought to test modified standard protocols for these measures. Modification to the standard protocols of the timed-up-and-go, five-repetition sit-to-stand, handgrip strength, two-minute walk, 30-second sit-to-stand, and four-metre walk was trialled. This occurred through modification of procedural components of the assessment, such as encouraging participants to use their hands to raise themselves from a seated position, or the incorporation of staged verbal cueing, demonstration, or physical guidance where required. The test–retest reliability of the modified protocols was assessed using Pearson’s correlation, and performance variances were assessed using the %coefficient of variation. Intraclass correlations were included for comparisons to previous research and to examine measurement consistency within three trials. At least 64% of the population were able to complete all measures. Good test–retest reliability was indicated for the modified measures (timed-up-and-go = 0.87 five-repetition sit-to-stand = 0.75 handgrip strength = 0.94 two-minute walk = 0.87 the 30-second sit-to-stand = 0.93 and the four-metre walk = 0.83), and the %coefficient of variation (7.2%–14.8%) and intraclass correlation (0.77–0.98) were acceptable to good. This article describes the methodology of the modified assessments, presents the test–retest statistics, and reports how modification of the current protocols for common measures of physical function enabled more older adults living with dementia in a residential aged care facility to participate in assessments, with high reliability demonstrated for the measures.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-04-2020
DOI: 10.1111/GGI.13923
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APMR.2015.09.023
Abstract: To evaluate and discuss the accuracy of submaximal exercise-based equations to predict maximum oxygen uptake (V˙o2max), validated using direct gas analysis, in older apparently healthy adults. Studies were identified by searching 5 electronic databases and manually scanning reference lists of included articles from the respective inception of each database through April 2015. Studies were included if they used at least 1 submaximal exercise-based variable in the prediction, the actual V˙o2max was directly measured using a gas analysis device, and if participants were apparently healthy older adults (mean age ≥65y). Eligible studies were required to report at least 1 validity statistic (eg, Pearson product-moment correlation [r]) and either a predicted and measured V˙o2max value or a directional significant difference between the measured and predicted V˙o2max values. No limits were placed on year of publication, but only full-text, published articles in the English language were included. Nine articles and 13 equations were retained from the systematic search strategy. If the same prediction equation was used across multiple trials, data from the most accurate trial were reported. Submaximal equations predicted directly measured V˙o2max with a moderate to strong correlation strength (r range, 0.4-0.9). Predicted V˙o2max significantly differed from directly measured in 2 of the 13 equations. The preferred mode of ergometry was walking or running (7 equations) a stepping protocol was the most accurate (R(2)=0.9, not significant between predicted and measured V˙o2max). Factors to consider when choosing a submaximal exercise-based equation are the accuracy of the equation, the population tested, the mode of ergometry, the equipment availability, and the time needed to conduct familiarization sessions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.12858
Abstract: The interplay between the prefrontal cortex and amygdala is proposed to explain the regulation of affective responses (pleasure/displeasure) during exercise as outlined in the dual-mode model. However, due to methodological limitations the dual-mode model has not been fully tested. In this study, prefrontal oxygenation (using near-infrared spectroscopy) and amygdala activity (reflected by eyeblink litude using acoustic startle methodology) were recorded during exercise standardized to metabolic processes: 80% of ventilatory threshold (below VT), at the VT, and at the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise was assessed prior to, and affective responses recorded during exercise. The results revealed that, as the intensity of exercise became more challenging (from below VT to RCP), prefrontal oxygenation was larger and eyeblink litude and affective responses were reduced. Below VT and at VT, larger prefrontal oxygenation was associated with larger eyeblink litude. At the RCP, prefrontal oxygenation was greater in the left than right hemisphere, and eyeblink litude explained significant variance in affective responses (with prefrontal oxygenation) and self-reported tolerance. These findings highlight the role of the prefrontal cortex and potentially the amygdala in the regulation of affective (particularly negative) responses during exercise at physiologically challenging intensities (above VT). In addition, a psychophysiological basis of self-reported tolerance is indicated. This study provides some support of the dual-mode model and insight into the neural basis of affective responses during exercise.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-05-2022
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.13449
Abstract: Carers of veterans tend to put their own physical and psychological well-being needs behind the needs of the person they are caring for and often do not seek assistance for their own physical and psychological well-being. Combined, these factors lead to increased risk of acute and chronic illness and mental health issues. It is acknowledged that physical activity independently contributes to improved physical and mental health and may be a driver for mental well-being in carers. The aim of this pilot research was to understand how movement behaviour and health behaviours of carers of veterans in Australia relate to carers' physical and psychological well-being. Assessment occurred between February and July 2019 and included objective, validated measures to examine physical and psychological well-being. To assess the association between physical and psychological factors, correlational analyses were performed. Twenty-eight carers participated in the pilot study (96% female, mean age 61.6 years). Exercise capacity varied, and 84% of carers met the recommended 150 min of physical activity per week, with carers spending 8.6% of their time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and 37.9% of the day sedentary. Psychological health outcomes reflect a population with high distress levels and lower than average mental well-being, but with normal resilience scores. Carers with higher levels of resilience had greater exercise capacity, covering further distance in the 6-min walk test, and as resilience increased, number of sedentary bouts decreased. This research demonstrates that there is a relationship between health behaviours and psychological well-being in carers of veterans and serving personnel. Based on the findings of this pilot study, programmes to support family carers should include information about physical activity, reducing sedentary time, and increasing resilience. Interventions designed to improve physical and psychological well-being should be trialled and evaluated for effectiveness.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1600-0838.2010.01161.X
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare affective and motivational responses to exercise performed at self-selected and prescribed intensity [close to ventilatory threshold (VT)] between physically active and sedentary women. Following a graded exercise test, the women completed two 30 min bouts of treadmill exercise (on separate days, order counterbalanced). Intensity was prescribed in one session and self-selected in the other. Exercise intensity, exercise-efficacy, perceived competence, autonomy and affective responses were assessed. Results showed that the active women self-selected to exercise at a significantly higher %HR(peak) than their sedentary counterparts but, importantly, both groups exercised close to their VT. The order of conditions influenced affective and motivational responses. The active women experienced more positive affect during exercise and greater competence than sedentary women when the self-selected condition was completed first. Autonomy was higher for the self-selected condition. Self-efficacy and competence were higher in the active women. Differences in self-efficacy perceptions before the exercise depended on which condition was completed first. In conclusion, sedentary women felt relatively positive in the self-selected condition but would benefit from familiarization and experience with exercise to enhance their self-efficacy and competence.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2016
DOI: 10.1111/CPF.12365
Abstract: The aim of this observational study was to compare head motion and prefrontal haemodynamics during exercise using three commercial cycling ergometers. Participants (n = 12) completed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion during upright, recumbent and semi-recumbent cycling. Head motion (using accelerometry), physiological data (oxygen uptake, end-tidal carbon dioxide [P
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2014
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 26-11-2018
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 22-02-2021
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.27889.1
Abstract: Background: Immersion Therapy (IT), is an underwater experience using self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (SCUBA) equipment for in iduals with disabilities. The aim of this study was to produce a descriptive overview of IT and explore measures used to capture physical and psychosocial experiences. Methods: Six participants, two females and four males aged 24-54, with a range of disabilities were recruited. A single session was filmed and analysed, with a selection of outcome measures explored during and post session. Results: A typical session of IT involves both active and inactive time, with a range of observed activities. All participants showed an increase in heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, and affect, however, these results varied. IT is described as ‘fun, challenging and social’, with participants expressing they enjoy the freedom and experience. The overall perception and experience of the activity tends to be positive. Conclusions: More research is required to determine if IT has significant effects on physical and psychosocial outcomes.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-032851
Abstract: Many medicines have adverse effects which are difficult to detect and frequently go unrecognised. Pharmacist monitoring of changes in signs and symptoms of these adverse effects, which we describe as medicine-induced deterioration, may reduce the risk of developing frailty. The aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness of a 12-month pharmacist service compared with usual care in reducing medicine-induced deterioration, frailty and adverse reactions in older people living in aged-care facilities in Australia. The reducing medicine-induced deterioration and adverse reactions trial is a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial. Participants will be recruited from 39 facilities in South Australia and Tasmania. Residents will be included if they are using four or more medicines at the time of recruitment, or taking more than one medicine with anticholinergic or sedative properties. The intervention group will receive a pharmacist assessment which occurs every 8 weeks. The pharmacists will liaise with the participants’ general practitioners when medicine-induced deterioration is evident or adverse events are considered serious. The primary outcome is a reduction in medicine-induced deterioration from baseline to 6 and 12 months, as measured by change in frailty index. The secondary outcomes are changes in cognition scores, 24-hour movement behaviour, grip strength, weight, percentage robust, pre-frail and frail classification, rate of adverse medicine events, health-related quality of life and health resource use. The statistical analysis will use mixed-models adjusted for baseline to account for repeated outcome measures. A health economic evaluation will be conducted following trial completion using data collected during the trial. Ethics approvals have been obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of University of South Australia (ID:0000036440) and University of Tasmania (ID:H0017022). A copy of the final report will be provided to the Australian Government Department of Health. Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry ACTRN12618000766213.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-05-2016
DOI: 10.3390/NU8050289
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 10-2013
Abstract: Imagery, as a cognitive strategy, can improve affective responses during moderate-intensity exercise. The effects of imagery at higher intensities of exercise have not been examined. Further, the effect of imagery use and activity in the frontal cortex during exercise is unknown. Using a crossover design (imagery and control), activity of the frontal cortex (reflected by changes in cerebral hemodynamics using near-infrared spectroscopy) and affective responses were measured during exercise at intensities 5% above the ventilatory threshold (VT) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Results indicated that imagery use influenced activity of the frontal cortex and was associated with a more positive affective response at intensities above VT, but not RCP to exhaustion ( p .05). These findings provide direct neurophysiological evidence of imagery use and activity in the frontal cortex during exercise at intensities above VT that positively impact affective responses.
Publisher: Queensland University of Technology
Date: 06-08-2018
Abstract: Starting university changes the way students must structure their day. This study describes the patterns of time use of 444 Australian first year students and explores differences between gender and age groups. Overall, students were studying on average four hours per day (h/day), sleeping eight h/day and meeting Australian physical activity guidelines. A sizable portion of students’ days were spent engaging in ‘non-modifiable’ activities including self-care, chores and travel. Stereotypical gender and age differences were observed, with males accumulating significantly more screen-time (+68 minutes per day [min/d]) and physical activity (+21 min/d), while females did more chores (+18 min/d) and self-care (+26 min/d). Younger students slept more (+42 min/d), and did fewer chores (-43 min/d). Given there are strong associations between how students use their time and health, well-being and academic success, a better understanding of how students allocate their time on a day-to-day basis will enable more effective support for students in making these changes.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002175
Abstract: Rogers, DK, McKeown, I, Parfitt, G, Burgess, D, and Eston, RG. Inter- and intra-rater reliability of the athletic ability assessment in subelite Australian rules football players. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 125–138, 2019—The aim of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-rater rater reliability of the Athletic Ability Assessment (AAA) in subelite Australian Rules football (ARF) players. Eighteen male ARF players completed the AAA movement assessment (overhead squat, double lunge [left and right], single-leg Romanian deadlift [left and right], chin-up and push-up), on 2 occasions separated by 1 week. During the first movement assessment, players were filmed in the frontal and sagittal planes. Ten raters took part in the study (1 experienced rater and 9 novices) and were assigned in a quasirandom manner, to complete either (a) real-time assessment on 2 occasions, (b) real-time assessment on 1 occasion, or (c) video-based assessment on 2 occasions. When assessed in real-time, of the 7 component movements of the AAA, raters registered moderate or greater intrarater agreement on between 2 and 5 occasions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of between 0.50 and 0.61 for the AAA total score indicated poor real-time intrarater reliability for this variable. When assessed by video-recording, raters registered moderate or greater intrarater agreement on between 6 and 7 occasions. The ICC for total score ranged between 0.60 and 0.93. Overall poor interrater reliability was evident for AAA component movements regardless of whether it was assessed in real-time or from video. Findings suggest the AAA is most reliably used when assessed through video. It is recommended that if comparison between multiple raters is desired, a stringent training process be applied so that the interpretation of AAA scoring criteria is standardized across raters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2018.05.002
Abstract: Associations between objectively measured sedentary behaviour, physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS)-classified using three different definitions were investigated in an inactive s le of rural Australian adults. Quantitative, cross-sectional. 171 adults (50.7±12.4years) from two rural South Australian regions underwent seven-day accelerometer activity monitoring and MetS classification using the National Cholesterol Education Program, the International Diabetes Federation and the Harmonized definitions. Associations between sedentary and activity variables and MetS (adjusted for age, sex, diet and smoking status) were modelled using logistic regression. In secondary modelling, associations of sedentary and activity outcomes for each MetS definition were assessed, adjusting for other activity and sedentary variables. Prediction differences across the definitions of MetS were directly compared using Akaike's Information Criterion. Sedentary behaviour increased MetS risk, whereas light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reduced MetS risk, irrespective of definition. In secondary models, LPA predicted MetS independently of MVPA and total sedentary time. Time spent in sedentary bouts (>30min) predicted MetS independently of MVPA and the number of sedentary bouts predicted MetS independently of LPA and MVPA. Prediction differences for MetS definitions failed to reach the critical threshold for difference (>10). This study highlights the importance of sedentary behaviour and LPA on the prevalence of MetS in an inactive s le of rural Australian adults. Studies assessing the efficacy of increasing LPA on MetS in this population are needed. Minimal predictive differences across the three MetS definitions suggest evidence from previous studies can be considered cumulative.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1999
Abstract: This study considered the influence of competitive anxiety and self-confidence state responses upon components of performance. Basketball players (n = 12) were trained to self-report their cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence as a single response on several occasions immediately before going on court to play. Performance was video-recorded and aspects of performance that could be characterized as requiring either largely anaerobic power (height jumped) or working memory (successful passes and assists) were measured. Intra-in idual performance scores were computed from these measures and the data from seven matches were subjected to regression analyses and then hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicated that, as anticipated, somatic anxiety positively predicted performance that involved anaerobic demands. Self-confidence, and not cognitive anxiety, was the main predictor of performance scores with working memory demands. It would appear that different competitive state responses exert differential effects upon aspects of actual performance. Identifying these differences will be valuable in recommending intervention strategies designed to facilitate performance.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198757672.003.0015
Abstract: As the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale was not appropriate for children, investigators set about developing child-specific scales which employed numbers, words and/or images that were more familiar and understandable. Numerous studies have examined the validity and reliability of such scales as the CERT, PCERT and OMNI amongst children aged 5 to 16 years, across different modes of exercise (cycling, running, stepping, resistance exercise), protocols (intermittent vs. continuous, incremental vs. non-incremental) and paradigms (estimation vs. production). Such laboratory-based research has enabled the general conclusion that children can, especially with practise, use effort perception scales to differentiate between exercise intensity levels, and to self-regulate their exercise output to match various levels indicated by them. However, inconsistencies in the methodological approaches adopted diminish the certainty of some of the interpretations made by researchers. The scope for research in the application of effort perception in physical education and activity/health promotion is considerable.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-015-3167-Z
Abstract: The American College of Sports Medicine has highlighted the importance of considering the physiological and affective responses to exercise when setting exercise intensity. Here, we examined the relationship between exercise intensity and physiological and affective responses in active older adults. Eighteen participants (60-74 years 64.4 ± 3.9 8 women) completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) on a treadmill. Since time to exhaustion in the GXT differed between participants, heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), affective valence (affect) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were expressed relative to the in idually determined ventilatory threshold (%atVT). During the GXT, VO2, HR and RPE increased linearly (all P 0.05) and became negative towards the end of the test (P < 0.01). In a subsequent session, participants completed a 20-min bout of self-selected exercise (at a preferred intensity). Initially, participants chose to exercise below VT (88.2 ± 17.4 %VO2atVT) however, the intensity was adjusted to work at, or above VT (107.7 ± 19.9 %VO2atVT) after 10 min (P < 0.001), whilst affect remained positive. Together, these findings indicate that exercise around VT, whether administered during an exercise test, or self-selected by the participant, is likely to result in positive affective responses in older adults.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-10-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.423
Abstract: Australian women are less likely to participate in recommended levels of weekly physical activity compared with men. Physical activity participation rates decrease with geographical remoteness. Research suggests that a lack of social support mechanisms within the home environment may act as a barrier for rural women to engage in physical activity, along with discomfort experienced within exercise environments. The purpose of this study was to explore the social conditions that facilitate or inhibit physical activity participation amongst women from two rural South Australian communities. A qualitative descriptive approach underpinned by a phenomenological methodological orientation was applied. Participants were recruited using a purposive s ling strategy before semi‐structured interviews (N = 16) were conducted and prepared for thematic analysis. Four inter‐related themes were identified: support from others, time, expectations and available opportunities. Further contextual analysis revealed interwoven notions of physical activity spaces, time and social context within the themes. Multiple types of regulators interact to shape the motivational pattern of an in idual. The themes identified align with self‐determination, transactional and structuration theory, suggesting a need to consider human behaviour both pragmatically and conceptually. Results provide insight into social barriers and facilitators for physical activity participation and concomitantly provide the initial development of a framework for local strategic planning of health‐promoting activities, and in idual reflection to increase physical activity participation amongst rural women.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-01-2008
DOI: 10.1080/02640410701371364
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of predicting the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2(max)) of sedentary men from sub-maximal VO2 values obtained during a perceptually regulated exercise test. Thirteen healthy, sedentary males aged 29-52 years completed five graded exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. The first and fifth test involved a graded exercise test to determine VO2(max). The two maximal graded exercise tests were separated by three sub-maximal graded exercise tests, perceptually regulated at 3-min RPE intensities of 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 on the Borg ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) scale, in that order. After confirmation that in idual linear regression models provided the most appropriate fit to the data, the regression lines for the perceptual ranges 9-17, 9-15, and 11-17 were extrapolated to RPE 20 to predict VO2(max). There were no significant differences between VO2(max) values from the graded exercise tests (mean 43.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), s = 6.3) and predicted VO2(max) values for the perceptual ranges 9-17 (40.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), s = 2.2) and RPE 11-17 (42.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), s = 2.3) across the three trials. The predicted VO2(max) from the perceptual range 9-15 was significantly lower (P < 0.05) (37.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), s = 2.3). The intra-class correlation coefficients between actual and predicted VO2(max) for RPE 9-17 and RPE 11-17 across trials ranged from 0.80 to 0.87. Limits of agreement analysis on actual and predicted VO2 values (bias +/- 1.96 x S(diff)) were 3.4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (+/- 10.7), 2.4 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (+/- 9.9), and 3.7 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (+/- 12.8) (trials 1, 2, and 3, respectively) of RPE range 9-17. Results suggest that a sub-maximal, perceptually guided graded exercise test provides acceptable estimates of VO2(max) in young to middle-aged sedentary males.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2016.04.013
Abstract: Choice of accelerometer wear-site may facilitate greater compliance in research studies. We aimed to test whether a simple method could automatically discriminate whether an accelerometer was worn on the hip or wrist from free-living data. Cross-sectional. Twenty-two 10-12y old children wore a GENEActiv at the wrist and at the hip for 7-days. The angle between the forearm and the total acceleration vector for the wrist-worn monitor and between the pelvis and the total acceleration vector for the hip-worn monitor (i.e. the angle between the Y-axis component of the acceleration and the total acceleration vector) was calculated for each 5s epoch. The standard deviation of this angle (SDangle) was calculated over time for the wrist-worn and hip-worn monitor for windows of varying lengths. We hypothesised that the wrist angle would be more variable than the hip angle. Wear site could be discriminated based on SDangle the shorter the time window the lower the optimal threshold and Area under the Receiver-Operating-Characteristic curve (AUROC) for discrimination of wear-site (AUROC=0.833 (1min) - 0.952 (12h)). Classification accuracy was good for windows of 8min (sensitivity=90%, specificity=87%, AUROC=0.92) and plateaued for windows of ≥60min (sensitivity and specificity >90%, AUROC=0.95-0.96). We have presented a robust, computationally simple method that detects whether an accelerometer is being worn on the hip or wrist from 8 to 60min of data. This facilitates the use of wear-site specific algorithms to analyse accelerometer data.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8986.2011.01287.X
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to objectively measure the exercise intensity associated with affective responses of "good" and "fairly good." In Study 1, 8 active females completed 20 min of affect-regulated exercise to feel "good" or "fairly good" (order counterbalanced) followed by an intensity replication session. On-line gas analysis was used during the replication session to measure the physiological cost of exercising. In Study 2, 10 females completed either 3 trials of exercise to feel "good" (n = 5) or 3 trials to feel "fairly good" (n = 5). Each trial consisted of an affect-regulated session followed by a replication session. Across studies, the intensity to feel "fairly good" was significantly higher than to feel "good." Both intensities lay close to ventilatory threshold. The results add to evidence that women can use affect to regulate intensity and exercise at an intensity that would confer fitness and health benefits if maintained.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2004
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1123/PES.20.2.129
Abstract: This study examined the patterning of acute affective responses to prescribed and self-selected exercise intensities in a young adolescent population. Twenty-two young adolescents (13.3 ± .33 years) completed a maximal exercise test to identify ventilatory threshold (VT). Participants then completed two prescribed intensities (one set above and one below the VT) and a self-selected intensity. Pre-, during, and postexercise affective valence was measured. Results revealed that during exercise, affective valence assessed by the Feeling Scale (FS) remained positive in the self-selected and low-intensity conditions but declined in the high-intensity condition. Postexercise FS responses rebounded to preexercise levels, eradicating ergent trends that occurred during exercise.
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1123/PES.24.2.275
Abstract: Past studies have shown the patterning of affective responses during a graded exercise test (GXT) in adult and male adolescent populations, but none have explored the patterns in adolescent girls or younger children. This study explored the patterning of affective responses during a GXT in adolescents and younger children. Forty-nine children (21 male and 28 female) aged between 8–14 years (10.8 ± 1.8 years) completed a GXT. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was identified. At the end of each incremental step, participants reported affective valence. Results revealed that affective valence assessed by the Feeling Scale (FS) significantly declined from the onset of exercise until the point of VT in the younger children, but remained relatively stable in the adolescents. Exercise above the VT brought about significant declines in affective valence regardless of age or sex, but the decrease was significantly greater in adolescents. Results suggest it may be preferable to prescribe lower exercise intensities (below VT) for children, compared with adolescents, to ensure a positive affective response.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-04-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1470373
Abstract: The ability to compare published group-level estimates of objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) across studies continues to increase in difficulty. The objective of this study was to develop conversion equations and demonstrate their utility to compare estimates of MVPA derived from the wrist and hip. Three studies of youth (N = 232, 9-12yrs, 50% boys) concurrently wore a hip-worn ActiGraph and a wrist-worn GENEActiv for 7-days. ActiGraph hip count data were reduced using four established cutpoints. Wrist accelerations were reduced using the Hildebrand MVPA 200 mg threshold. Conversion equations were developed on a randomly selected subs le of 132 youth. Equations were cross-validated and absolute error, absolute percent error, and modified Bland-Altman plots were evaluated for conversion accuracy. Across equations R
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 02-2019
Abstract: To assess and compare the validity of internal and external Australian football (AF) training-load measures for predicting preseason variation of match-play exercise intensity (MEI sim/min) using a variable dose-response model. A total of 21 professional male AF players completed an 18-wk preseason macrocycle. Preseason internal training load was quntified using the session rating-of-perceived-exertion method (sRPE) and external load from satellite (as distance [Dist] and high-speed distance [HS Dist]) and accelerometer (Player Load [PL]) data. Using a training-impulse (TRIMPs) calculation, external load expressed in arbitrary units was represented as TRIMPs Estimates of MEI sim/min demonstrated very large and large associations with actual MEI sim/min with models constructed from external and internal training inputs (r [90% confidence interval] TRIMPs Variable dose-response models from multiple training-load inputs can predict the within-in idual variation of MEI sim/min across an entire preseason macrocycle. Models informed by external training inputs (TRIMPs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-01-2020
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1718528
Abstract: This review aimed to assess the efficacy of workplace physical activity interventions compare the efficacy of those that were and were not informed by behaviour change theory, and outline the effectiveness of different intervention components. A search was undertaken in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, Ovid Emcare (previously CINAHL) and SportDiscus. Randomised, non-randomised and cluster-controlled trials with objectively measured physical activity and/or measured or predicted maximal oxygen uptake (VO
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2018.07.002
Abstract: Rural Australian adults are consistently identified as insufficiently active, likely due to challenges implementing community-based physical activity programs in rural settings. On-line strategies to promote physical activity may be particularly effective in rural settings where isolation and scarcity of qualified support are potential barriers. The Rural Environments and Community Health (REACH) study evaluated the effectiveness of an online-delivered walking intervention among South Australian rural adults. Randomised controlled study design. A twelve-week intervention, with six- and twelve-month follow-up, was conducted. Participants (n=171 50.6±12.5years), recruited through flyers, local newspapers and radio, were randomised to comparison or intervention groups and received a pedometer. The intervention group received access to the REACH website and personalised step goals based on ratings of perceived exertion and daily affect. The comparison group received a paper diary and generic step goals. Outcome measures were accelerometry-assessed sedentary, light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity. Linear mixed models assessed changes over the intervention and follow-ups. Sedentary time decreased, and LPA and MVPA increased in both groups across the intervention (p<0.05). The intervention group demonstrated a larger increase in LPA at six-month follow-up relative to comparison (p<0.05). Both groups decreased sedentary time, overall and in bouts ≥30min, between baseline and twelve-month follow-up (p<0.05). From baseline to twelve-month follow-up, MVPA (total min and bouts ≥10min) declined more in the comparison group than the intervention group (p<0.05). While increased physical activity and decreased sedentary time were observed in both groups during the intervention period, maintenance was only observed for LPA at six-month follow-up in the intervention group. By twelve-month follow-up, post-intervention improvements had largely disappeared, suggesting that additional research is needed to identify ways to improve long-term adherence.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Gaynor Parfitt.