ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3313-8503
Current Organisation
Sunnyside Clinic, Hornsby Specialist Centre
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-10-2014
DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2013.841838
Abstract: The absence of or limited adherence to treatment is the main cause for the failure of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). In Brazil, adherence to antiretroviral therapy has been lower than the recommended levels. Although HAART may produce adverse reactions, failure to comply with it may aggravate patients' health status and impair Quality of Life (QoL). The QoL of in iduals living chronically with HIV and AIDS has been considered one of the main treatment outcomes. This study is part of a 225-day prospective trial in which participants were enrolled in two different modalities of follow-up: the usual model medical follow-up or an intervention based on the Medication Adherence Training Instrument (MATI). The WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate QoL of research participants in both groups on the 15th and 225th days of follow-up after the baseline assessment. The result of this study revealed no significant differences of WHOQOL-HIV BREF scores between participants allocated to MATI and non-MATI groups in the first assessment. However, there was a significant difference between the scores obtained on the 15th and 225th days in the domain related to spirituality and personal beliefs irrespective of the modality of follow-up. Other domains of the WHOQOL-HOV BREF remained unchanged. These results indicate that, in this s le, personal beliefs and spirituality may be relevant subjects to explain sustained levels of adherence to HAART.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09595230701247715
Abstract: The objective of our study was to investigate the patterns of use of psychoactive substances among students of a medical school in Southern Brazil and to explore a putative role of discrete behavioral and social variables in their drug use. This is a descriptive and transversal cut study. All regularly enrolled medical students at the University of Caxias do Sul were invited to participate in the study. A self-administered questionnaire, which analyses lifetime drug use as well as drug use in the previous 30 days and 12 months was utilized to collect data. From a total of 318 regularly enrolled students, 183 (57.5%) completed and returned the questionnaires. The highest prevalence rates of lifetime drug use, drug use in the last 12 months and drug use in the last 30 days were observed, according to drug type, as follow in descending order: alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, inhalants, tranquilizers, hetamine and cocaine. A multivariate analysis indicated that research respondents who live with their parents as well as those whose parents live together harmoniously, those who deny close ties to drug users, those who disapprove drug use, those who are not tobacco smokers and those who manifest religious beliefs and practice presented the most reduced levels of illicit drug use. The use of psychoactive substances among medical students in the University of Caxias do Sul is a significant problem. Appropriate and timely initiatives are needed to prevent and curb drug use among medical students.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-05-2018
Abstract: To investigate the presence of different forms of experiences of discrimination in the medical workplace. A total of 526 questionnaires were sent out, including a demographic survey form and the Everyday Discrimination Scale. Experiences of being “treated with less courtesy than other people are” and feeling as “others acted if they’re better than [me]” were reported as having occurred with almost daily frequency by 4.1 % of respondents. Those whose main language was not English and classified as “non-whites” had significantly more experiences (“ever”) of discrimination in the medical workplace. The most commonly reported reasons for discrimination were ancestry (31.3%), “race” (28.1%), and gender (21.1%). The results of this survey indicate that a proportion of doctors experience discrimination in the workplace in Australia. This phenomenon was more commonly reported by doctors of minority status.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2003
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/BT18124
Abstract: The montane area of the Tasmanian Wilderness World Heritage Area was recently burnt by large fires ignited by lightning, and such fires are predicted to become more frequent with climate change. The region has a mix of fire-sensitive and fire-tolerant vegetation, but there is little information available on resprouting ability of seedlings of the dominant species of these mosaics. We predicted that seedlings of species found in fire-prone locations would exhibit more post-fire resprouting than seedlings of Gondwanan relictual species, which typically occur in fire-protected locations. To test this hypothesis we compared topkill and resprouting ability of seedlings from five tree species characteristic of the montane vegetation mosaics by exposing them to a propane burner flame for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60s, simulating a fire intensity of 33 kW m–1. Overall, 93 of 100 flame-exposed plants were topkilled. Topkill was related to duration of flame exposure and seedling size rather than species. By contrast, resprouting of topkilled seedlings was strongly correlated with species rather than seedling size, and was not affected by duration of flame exposure. Contrary to expectations, the rainforest plant Nothofagus cunninghamii was the strongest resprouter, whereas few of the topkilled eucalypt seedlings resprouted. Our study shows the commonly held association between palaeoendemic Gondwanan species and low fire tolerance versus Australian species and high fire tolerance is overly simplistic. We need to better understand fire recovery mechanisms in the Tasmanian flora using a combination of field observation and experimental approaches.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2008
Abstract: `Hispanic' and `Latino' are imprecise umbrella terms often used in the United States to designate nationals from Central and South America. The labelling of Brazilians in this manner generates inaccurate demographic information, including a significant undercount of the migrant population. Research data indicates that Brazilians object to being designated Hispanics, since Brazilians speak Portuguese and have no Spanish heritage. The labelling of ethnic groups has been criticized as a stereotypical and racist system, which primarily responds to non-scientific demands. This commentary appeals for reform in the way researchers and institutions refer to minority citizens as well as for continued research to investigate racism and ethnic prejudice. The development of new approaches and methodologies to examine social networks, migration and the geographic concentration of poverty is advocated.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2007
DOI: 10.1590/S1807-59322007000400008
Abstract: The Personal Health Scale is a concise instrument for comprehensive culture-informed and self-rated assessment of general health status and well-being. It is composed of 10 questions that appraise different health dimensions collated from the international literature, including aspects ranging from somatic and psychological domains to social functioning and insight. In this investigation, results of a study conducted in Southern Brazil to test and validate the Portuguese version of the Personal Health Scale (PHS-Pt) are presented. This study analyzes data from a s le of 120 Brazilian volunteers (90 patients and 30 health care professionals). All patients completed the Portuguese version of the Personal Health Scale under a minimal guidance by trained examiners, who followed standardized instructional procedures. The internal consistency of the PHS-Pt attained a Cronbach's a of 0.75 among patients and of 0.69 among health care professionals. The test-retest reliability correlation coefficient yielded a score of 0.82. Furthermore, the PHS-Pt was able to detect a significant discriminating validity between the 2 evaluated s les (P < .001). The original English version of the Personal Health Scale was successfully adapted to Portuguese as methodologically demonstrated herein. The PHS-Pt constitutes a reliable and trustworthy research instrument for evaluating health status in Brazil, since it is appropriately designed to distinguish different groups of volunteers regarding their health status.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-02-2010
Abstract: The objective of this study was to translate and psychometrically assess a Portuguese version of the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale—Short Form (BSES-SF). The original English version of the BSES-SF was translated to Portuguese and tested among a s le of 89 mothers in southern Brazil from the 2nd to 12th postpartum week followed by face-to-face interviews. The mean total score of the Portuguese version of the BSES-SF was 63.6 ± 6.22. The reliability analysis of each item in the scale attained significant Cronbach’s alphas of 0.63 or superior. The Cronbach’s alpha generated by the entire range of 14 questions was 0.71. A factor analysis identified one factor that contributed to 20% of the variance. This study demonstrates that the original English version of the BSES-SF was successfully adapted to Portuguese. The Portuguese version of the BSES-SF constitutes a reliable research instrument for evaluating breastfeeding self-efficacy in Brazil. J Hum Lact. 26(3):297-303.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2015.34
Abstract: The specific aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the English version of the Health-Related Quality of Life for Drug Abusers Test (HRQoLDA Test) applying the Rasch model, and emphasizing fit between empirical data and theoretical Rasch model assumptions item(s) category probability curve and precision in terms of information function. In this study, the authors present the results of the translation and adaptation of the original Spanish version to English, as applied to a s le of substance users in Australia. The authors evaluated 121 adults recruited from inpatient and outpatient treatment facilities in Sydney, Australia. The Rating Scale Model was used in the psychometric analysis of the English version of the HRQoLDA Test. The items and persons revealed a fit between the reported data and the model. It was also demonstrated that respondents did not discriminate among the five response categories, which led to a reduction to three response categories. The adaptation of the TECVASP to the English language, renamed the HRQoLDA test, as developed with an Australian s le revealed adequate psychometric properties.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 06-01-2014
DOI: 10.1590/S1516-31802011000100007
Abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Computerized data collection is an efficient process and well accepted by patients with different disorders. Although computer-based systems have been used to assess health status and quality of life in various areas of healthcare, there is a lack of studies to investigate the effectiveness of these instruments in Brazil. The aims here were to assess the usability of the Portuguese-language versions of the Personal Health Scale (PHS) and the Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) in southern Brazil and to determine the correlation between these two questionnaires. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional community-based survey in which participants completed computerized versions of these two questionnaires. METHODS: In a survey conducted in 16 different locations, 458 volunteers completed both questionnaires. Pearson correlation coefficients were generated between the scores of the two questionnaires. The inclusion criteria allowed all volunteers who were able to understand the questions in both questionnaires to participate in the study. RESULTS: The percentage of proper data collection via the computerized versions of the two questionnaires combined was 97.45%. A significant correlation (P 0.01) between the PHS and the MQLI was observed. CONCLUSION: The computerized versions of the PHS and MQLI demonstrated efficient data collection patterns during the field survey trials. Health-related issues were significantly correlated with the overall experience of wellbeing and quality of life. The computerized versions of the PHS and MQLI are valid tools for research and clinical use in Brazil
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1590/S1516-31802008000500003
Abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The interconnections between quality of life and health status as assessed via questionnaires have not been thoroughly investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible correlation between the constructs of general health status and quality of life as assessed by the Portuguese versions of two questionnaires recently adapted and tested in Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study in which two self-administered questionnaires were used. This investigation was conducted at healthcare services associated with the Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This study presents data from a s le of 120 volunteers who completed the Portuguese versions of the Personal Health Scale and the Multicultural Quality of Life Index questionnaires. Bivariate linear regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients were generated from the scores of the two questionnaires. RESULTS: A significant correlation between the concepts of quality of life and health status as evaluated by the Portuguese versions of both questionnaires was observed. Almost all of the health-related questions displayed strong correlations with the overall concept of quality of life. The magnitude of this correlation accounted for almost half of the observed variance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that, within this s le, health-related issues were key factors for the overall experience of wellbeing and quality of life. The similarities observed across the different groups indicate that the interrelation between health status and quality of life was homogenous, regardless of presence and/or type of ailments.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2010.05.002
Abstract: Mood disturbances represent the most frequent form of maternal psychiatric morbidity in the postpartum period. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the impact of postpartum depression on the mother's quality of life. RESEARCH QUESTION OR PROBLEM: The present study aims to assess the quality of life of a s le of mothers in Southern Brazil, in order to investigate the association between postpartum depression and quality of life (QoL) standards. This study investigates a s le of 101 adult volunteers who completed the Portuguese version World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Bref (WHOQOL-Bref) and Multicultural Quality of Life Index (MQLI) questionnaires. Postnatal depressive symptoms were evaluated through the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to predict the overall PDSS and EPDS scores. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation coefficients were computed between the global scores of the quality of life measurements and the screening questionnaires for postnatal depression. Both socio-economic status and quality of life have influenced significantly the depressive symptomatology and correlated epiphenomena. Significant correlations were observed among scores of postpartum depression screening tools and quality of life questionnaires. The socio-economic status of research participants was only significantly correlated to the scores generated by the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. These findings confirm that socio-economic deficiencies and low quality of life can facilitate the expression of depressive symptomatology during the postpartum period. The results also emphasize the salience of psychosocial risk factors in the diathesis of postnatal depression.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 19-09-2016
DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0050
Abstract: Abstract Introduction: Brazil has received influxes of people, mainly from Africa, Europe and Japan, forming one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world. Some groups, particularly in Southern Brazil, have retained their original cultural traditions, whilst acquiring elements of the typical local Brazilian cultural identity. This is the first study designed to formally evaluate biculturality in Brazil. Objective: To psychometrically assess and validate the Portuguese version of the Bicultural Scale (BS) in Brazil. Methods: The BS was adapted and translated to Portuguese and tested for the first time in Brazil in a s le of descendants (n = 160) from four immigrant groups and respective locations in Southern Brazil. A series of psychometric tests were conducted in order to examine the validity of the Portuguese version of the BS. Analyses of variance across scores for all subgroups were also conducted. Results: Factor analysis revealed two main factors contributing to most of the variance in scores. The 10 items measuring affiliation with minority cultural characteristics and the typical Brazilian culture yielded Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.69 and 0.78 respectively, whereas the overall Cronbach's alpha for all 20 items of the BS was 0.67. There was a significant correlation between items related to the typical Brazilian culture and the generation since immigration of research participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.004). The mean time taken to complete the questionnaire was 7.4 minutes. Conclusion: The results indicate that the Portuguese version of the BS is a valid, reliable and easy-to-use instrument to assess biculturality experienced by descendants of immigrants in southern Brazil.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-08-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1447-0756.2010.01282.X
Abstract: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the short form of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale in Southern Brazil. Research volunteers completed the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale-Short Form (PDSS-SF) and a Structured Clinical Interview for Mental Disorders (SCID). Evaluation parameters included reliability and correlational investigations analyses. The proposed Portuguese version of the PDSS-SF attained significant Cronbach's alphas (0.71 or superior). The best cut-off score (≥17) accounted for 89% of sensitivity and 77% of specificity. In addition, nonparametric correlation procedures revealed a significant correlation between the screening results of the PDSS-SF and the assessment based on the SCID. The Portuguese version of the PDSS-SF demonstrated sound psychometric properties. The results of the correlation analyses between the PDSS-SF and the SCID assessment also indicate a significant concurrent validity. The Portuguese version of the PDSS was adequately translated and adapted to Portuguese.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082013000200008
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between breastfeeding efficacy and health status in a s le of 88 mothers from Southern Brazil. METHODS: Research participants completed the Portuguese version of the General Health Questionnaire and the Personal Health Scale. Breastfeeding efficacy was evaluated using the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Correlations between breastfeeding and health status scores were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed significant correlations between the scores of the two general health and well-being questionnaires and the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale. Bivariate regression analyses revealed that both health status instruments significantly predicted Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale scores. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding efficacy is significantly related to maternal health status in Southern Brazil.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082013000100009
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Estabelecer a prevalência do uso de moderadores de apetite entre estudantes da área da saúde na Região Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudantes universitários (n=300) de sete cursos da área da saúde da Universidade de Caxias do Sul completaram um questionário sobre o uso de moderadores de apetite. RESULTADOS: Uma significativa porcentagem da amostra (15% n=45) usou moderadores de apetite pelo menos uma vez na vida. As substâncias mais comumente usadas foram drogas estimulantes (5%), incluindo amfepramona (3,3%) e fenproporex (1,7%). O uso de moderadores de apetite foi mais prevalente entre estudantes de Enfermagem (26,7%) e Nutrição (24,4%%). Não foi relatado o uso de moderadores de apetite entre estudantes de Medicina. O uso de anorexígenos foi significativamente mais prevalente entre mulheres. A maioria dos que usaram supressores de apetite o fez sob orientação médica, como também usou tais substâncias por mais de 3 meses. CONCLUSÃO: O uso durante a vida de moderadores de apetite foi significativo entre estudantes da área da saúde, especialmente entre os matriculados em Enfermagem e Nutrição. As drogas estimulantes simpatomiméticas foram os agentes mais comumente usados.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-09-2013
Abstract: The authors present an analysis of transcultural psychiatry research in relation to three main population groups in Australia: Aboriginal Australians, documented immigrants, and refugees. The pioneering reports produced by Western psychiatrists in Aboriginal communities are examined in this article. Additional quantitative and qualitative studies developed with Aboriginal people in the context of a traumatic acculturation process are also reviewed. Subsequently, the authors examine the challenges faced by immigrants with mental disorders in a health care system still unequipped to treat a new array of clinical presentations unfamiliar to the clinical staff. The authors also highlight the development of policies aimed at providing quality mental health care to a mosaic of cultures in an evolving multicultural society. Lastly, the psychiatric manifestations of refugees and asylum seekers are analysed in the context of a series of vulnerabilities and deprivations they have experienced, including basic human rights.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2012
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Portuguese version of the Medication Adherence Training Instrument (MATI) for improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in southern Brazil. Two different follow-up modalities were compared in this 225 days randomized controlled study: one based on the MATI protocol and a conventional (non-MATI) clinical follow-up. There were no differences between the groups with the exception of socioeconomic class ( P 0.005). The mean length of continuance in treatment was 111.4 (SD = 13.9) and 137.6 (SD = 17.3) days in the MATI and non-MATI groups, respectively. A Mantel–Cox log-rank test revealed no significant difference between the two interventions ( P = 0.34). Despite the s le size limitation, the results from this study indicate that the Portuguese version of the MATI was not more efficacious than the regular follow-up intervention for improving adherence of outpatients to ART.
Publisher: Longwoods Publishing
Date: 15-10-2009
Abstract: Throughout time, evolutionary biologists have attempted to classify human beings according to a nomenclature based on supposed patterns of biological differences that have been used to suggest hierarchical categories. Recent genetic evidence disproves the assumption that races are genetically distinct human populations. Several studies refute human categorization as a severely flawed yardstick. For many, race is a construct that must be overcome in order to eradicate racism. Personal experiences of racism, harassment and discrimination are associated with multiple indicators of poorer physical and mental health status. Additionally, socio-economic differentials are likely to be a fundamental explanation for the observed inequalities in health status among minority groups. This commentary examines the discrepancies that race, ethnicity and similar human nomenclatures present. Furthermore, the potentially harmful consequences of the "scientific" use of race, in the form of stereotyping and racism, are discussed.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 02-2011
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between the breastfeeding efficacy and quality of life (QoL) in a s le of 89 mothers from southern Brazil. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to explore correlations between maternal QoL and breastfeeding efficacy in Brazil. Research participants completed the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF and Multicultural Quality of Life Index questionnaires. Breastfeeding efficacy was evaluated through the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (BSES-SF). Correlations between the scores of the QoL instruments and the BSES-SF were examined using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. There were significant correlations among the scores of the two QoL questionnaires and the BSES-SF. Multiple regression analysis revealed that both QoL instruments significantly predicted BSES-SF scores. Neither socioeconomic status nor level of educational attainment was a significant predictor of breastfeeding efficacy. The results from the present study indicate that breastfeeding efficacy is significantly related to QoL among mothers in southern Brazil. The association between QoL and breastfeeding efficacy appears to be independent from any effect of socioeconomic status or level of educational achievement.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-11-2009
DOI: 10.3109/01674820903254724
Abstract: The objectives of this investigation was to assess the prevalence of postpartum depression in a s le of 101 women and to validate a Portuguese version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) in Southern Brazil. Research volunteers completed the PDSS and underwent an assessment based on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV disorders (SCID). Parameters under investigation included the demographic characteristics of the s le, internal structure, and discriminant validity. All questions in the Portuguese version of the PDSS attained significant Cronbach's alpha of 0.62. The factorial analysis of the Portuguese version of PDSS identified one principal factor that contributed 38.8% of the variance. The best cut-off score for the Portuguese version of the PDSS was a score of 81, which accounted for a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 72% in this s le. The Portuguese version of the PDSS demonstrated sound psychometric properties. The results of the factorial analysis also demonstrated that the Portuguese version of the PDSS assesses postpartum depressive disorders in a coherent and integrated manner. The original English version of the PDSS was successfully adapted to Portuguese.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S10995-009-0512-Z
Abstract: To investigate a purported correlation between postpartum depression and self-rated maternal general health status in a s le of mothers in Southern Brazil. As part of this process, the Personal Health Scale (PHS), a self-rated health status measure, was tested for the first time among postpartum women. Research volunteers completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), the PHS, the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Correlation coefficients were computed among the scores of the health status questionnaires and the postnatal depression scales. Bivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the prediction of scores of postnatal depression scales having the scores of health status questionnaires as predictors. Significant correlations among both health status questionnaires and both postnatal screening tools attest to a significant interconnection between the expression of depressive symptoms and maternal health status in the postpartum period. The health status measures predicted the scores of postpartum depression scales. This study demonstrates that both general health questionnaires and postpartum depressive rating scales are useful tools for detecting depressive phenomena in postpartum women. The association between self-rated health measures and postpartum depression may be even more significant in the context of socioeconomic deprivation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.WOMBI.2008.03.008
Abstract: Maternal postpartum depression is a prevalent health disorder with important consequences to the family and child development. Research evidence demonstrates that fathers can also suffer from psychological distress in the postpartum period and that paternal depression has a detrimental effect on the child's behavioral and emotional development. This study aims to review the current literature available about birth-related paternal depression. A literature search from 1980 to 2007 was conducted through Medline electronic database, using the following Mesh terms: postpartum, postnatal, depression, fathers and paternal. Studies on maternal postpartum depression that examined issues related to paternal depression were also selected. Understanding about paternal depressive disorders during the postnatal period has advanced considerably in the last decade. Various studies demonstrate that birth-related paternal depression is a significant problem and closely associated with maternal depressive symptoms. Children of depressive fathers are also at risk for emotional and behavioral problems. Men may suffer from psychological distress after childbirth and birth-related paternal depression is not a rare phenomenon. Since this disorder, also called 'paternal postpartum depression', presents potential deleterious effects for the child, an increased level of public health awareness and scientific interest is warranted. In addition, a more detailed assessment of fathers during the postnatal period is recommended, especially when their partners are also depressed, so that the condition will be promptly recognized and treated.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2000
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.5694/MJA14.00038
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1590/S1020-49892009000500010
Abstract: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) among substance users in southern Brazil. The original English version of the Q-LES-Q was translated into Portuguese taking into account semantic and conceptual equivalence. The Portuguese versions of the Q-LES-Q and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to assess quality of life among crack cocaine and inhalant users. Factorial and reliability analyses as well as correlation studies were conducted to establish the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Q-LES-Q. All areas of the Q-LES-Q achieved significant Cronbach's coefficients. Significant Pearson correlation coefficients were obtained between various subscales of the Q-LES-Q and the four dimensions of the WHOQOL-BREF. Correlations were significant when crack and inhalant users were analyzed separately or conjointly. Inhalant users presented significantly higher scores than crack users in the social (p=0.035) and general (p=0.005) subscales of the Q-LES-Q. The Portuguese version of the Q-LES-Q possesses sound internal validity. The English version of the Q-LES-Q was adequately adapted to Portuguese. Inhalant users may present lower levels of satisfaction with social life and overall quality of life than crack users. The Portuguese version of the Q-LES-Q is a reliable questionnaire for future research and clinical use with substance users in Brazil.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1997
Abstract: Alcohol abuse is one of the most serious problems in public health and the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is one of the gravest consequences of alcoholism. The pathology is often undiagnosed in its less evident presentations, therefore an accurate diagnostic approach is a critical step in treatment planning. Treatment is based on restoration of thiamine, although this is insufficient to prevent the psychological decline of a great number of patients. The cognitive impact of the pathology is derived from the interaction of alcoholic neurotoxicity, thiamine deficiency and personal susceptibility. In this article, the literature concerning Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is reviewed.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-05-2014
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the retention in medical care and antiretroviral (ARV) treatment of in iduals living with HIV and AIDS to antiretroviral therapy in southern Brazil according to their “race” or skin color. This study is part of a 225-day prospective trial, comprising 7 interviews, in which an intervention designed to improve adherence to treatment was tested. A convenience s le of 73 in iduals living with HIV and/or AIDS enrolled in this follow-up procedure. The mean length of continuance in treatment was 161.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 18.6 95% confidence interval [CI] = 125-198) and 138.4 (SD = 14.1 95% C.I. = 111-166) days in the “nonwhite” and “white” categories, respectively. There was no significant difference between the 2 categories, χ 2 (1, n = 72) = 0.76, P = .38, which include similar levels of retention in medical care and treatment with ARV medications between groups of in iduals categorized as white and nonwhite in this s le.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1037/T42729-000
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.1007/BF03351325
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-11-2012
Abstract: The international migration of health care professionals has been recognized as a public health concern. A series of ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors have been identified as driving forces for migration of doctors. The USA, UK, Canada and Australia are the main beneficiaries of medical migration, which has adverse consequences for health care systems in developing countries. Recently, a Global Code of Practice on the International Recruitment of Health Personnel was adopted by the World Health Assembly. In this paper, a summary of the most important recommendations of the Code is presented. In addition, the case of overseas trained psychiatrists in Australia is illustrated. These specialists complain of discriminatory practices due to the lack of recognition of their professional credentials. Research evidence from different countries confirms that international medical graduates face discriminatory obstacles to exercise their rights and practise their professions in developed countries. An international strategy is required to promote sustainable health care systems worldwide. Additional academic and scientific partnerships must be established between developed and developing nations in order to minimize discrepancies. There is an urgent need to review policies related to the recognition of medical credentials in host countries, including Australia. There are clear implications for psychiatry and psychiatrists.
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 12-1996
DOI: 10.1590/S0034-89101996000600015
Abstract: O abuso de álcool é um dos mais sérios problemas de saúde pública e a síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff é uma das mais graves conseqüências do alcoolismo. Esta patologia é infreqüentemente diagnosticada nas suas apresentações menos evidentes, razão pela qual uma abordagem diagnóstica apropriada é importante passo para seu tratamento. Entre as novas propostas farmacológicas, está a reposição dos níveis de tiamina, embora isto seja insuficiente para prevenir o declínio psicológico de um grande número de pacientes. O impacto cognitivo da patologia é derivado da interação entre neurotoxicidade alcóolica, deficiência de tiamina e suscetibilidade pessoal. São descritos, a história, a epidemiologia e os achados clínicos e neuropatológicos, bem como alguns aspectos de tratamento e prognóstico da síndrome de Wernicke-Korsakoff.
Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
Date: 10-01-2011
DOI: 10.4314/AJPSY.V13I5.63101
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to review the main postpartum screening tools currently used in terms of their ability to screen for postnatal depression. Furthermore, the cultural characteristics of depressive postpartum symptomatology are examined. A systematic literature search was conducted for the period 1987-2009, using the Medline electronic database for the following keywords: postpartum depression and postnatal depression. These terms were combined with: assessment, screening and psychometric tools. Of the four screening tools reviewed and compared, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) presented substantial sensitivity and specificity as screening tools. However, none of the instruments could be rated flawless when applied to different cultural contexts. In addition to the EPDS, a new generation of instruments is currently available. Supplementary research is needed to substantiate their use as screening tools in general practice. Additional studies are needed to adapt and test instruments to detect postnatal depression within a wider range of languages and cultures.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2013.877919
Abstract: Quality of life (QoL) is an important clinical and research outcome within the drug and alcohol abuse context. The AlQoL 9 is a specific questionnaire designed to assess health- and non-health-related consequences of alcoholism. The English version of the AlQoL 9 has not been validated using a larger s le. The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the English version of AlQoL 9 in a s le of treatment-seeking in iduals in Australia. A s le of 138 participants from inpatient and outpatient treatments facilities completed the AlQoL 9 test and the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Assessment-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). The study's investigative parameters included the demographic characteristics of the s le, internal structure, and convergent validity. Furthermore, correlations between the AlQoL 9 scale scores and the scores obtained from the WHOQOL-BREF test were investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation analyses. The English version of the AlQoL 9 attained a significant Cronbach's alpha of 0.825. The mean score obtained in the test was 21.92 (SD = 6.79). Using Varimax rotation, the AlQoL 9 yielded one principal factor that had accounted for 37.85% of variance. Convergent validity analysis demonstrated significant correlations (p < 0.001) between the AlQoL 9 scores and the scores of all four dimensions of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The present study demonstrated that the English version of the AlQoL 9 constitutes a valid and reliable research instrument for evaluating quality of life among alcohol-dependent in iduals.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-2000
DOI: 10.1097/00008877-200008000-00009
Abstract: Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid with claimed efficacy in the treatment of certain drug addictions, including nicotine. It has been reported to be a non-competitive blocker of nicotinic receptors, with a potent inhibitory action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated catecholamine release. We have investigated the effect of different doses of ibogaine on the development and expression of sensitization to the locomotor stimulant effect of nicotine in rats, a facilitatory process in which a history of exposure to nicotine results in enhanced locomotor activity when the same dose of nicotine is administered repeatedly. The effects were determined of co-administering ibogaine (0.0, 5.0 or 10 mg/kg i.p.) with nicotine (0.0 or 0.4 mg/kg s.c.) daily for 21 days. Dose-response curves for nicotine (0.04-0.8 mg/kg s.c.) were then determined in groups of 10 rats. There was clear sensitization of the locomotor activity produced by nicotine in photocell activity cages but co-administration of ibogaine with nicotine had no effect on the degree of sensitization. Ibogaine (5-20 mg/kg) itself did not influence locomotor activity and was also without effect on the expression of the sensitized response to 0.4 mg/kg of nicotine (n = 10). Thus, there was no evidence that ibogaine may retard or suppress sensitization to nicotine.
Publisher: E.U. European Publishing
Date: 08-10-2021
DOI: 10.18332/EJM/140791
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1159/000337213
Abstract: b i Background: /i /b The Health-Related Quality of Life for Drug Abusers (HRQoLDA) test was designed to specifically evaluate quality of life among substance users. In this study, the validity and reliability of the English version of the HRQoLDA test are reported for the first time. b i Methods: /i /b A s le of 121 participants from inpatient and outpatient treatment facilities completed the HRQoLDA test. b i Results: /i /b The mean HRQoLDA score was 45.9 (SD = 16.9), while the overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.905. The factorial analysis of the HRQoLDA test revealed a unidimensional structure. Convergent validity analyses demonstrated significant correlations between the HRQoLDA test scores and the scores of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment-Bref Questionnaire in different dimensions. b i Conclusion: /i /b The results revealed that the HRQoLDA was successfully adapted to English. The HRQoLDA is a reliable research instrument for evaluating quality of life of substance users.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SRHC.2012.12.001
Abstract: To investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression symptoms in a s le of Portuguese-speaking mothers in southern Brazil. There remains equivocal evidence regarding a putative association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression. This is a cross-sectional study in which eligible research participants completed screening questionnaires and other assessment tools. Mothers were interviewed once only in their homes between the 2nd and 12th week of the postpartum period. Research participants completed the Portuguese version of the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Breastfeeding self-efficacy was evaluated through the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES-SF). A total number of 89 mothers completed the investigation: 69 (77%) were exclusively breastfeeding, whereas 20 mothers (22.7%) were partially breastfeeding at the time of the interview. Mothers who combined breastfeeding and bottle-feeding presented higher PDSS and EPDS scores. The breastfeeding self-efficacy scores were higher in mothers who exclusively breastfed and were negatively associated (p<0.001) with both EPDS and PDSS (postpartum depression) scores. These findings suggest that mothers who suffer from depressive symptoms may experience less confidence in their ability to breastfeed. This association may be particularly relevant for the purpose of screening procedures for depression and unsatisfactory breastfeeding during the postpartum period.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 26-07-2012
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1100/2011/157150
Abstract: Throughout the centuries, scientific observers have endeavoured to extend their knowledge of the interrelationships between the brain and its regulatory control of human emotions and behaviour. Since the time of physicians such as Aristotle and Galen and the more recent observations of clinicians and neuropathologists such as Broca, Papez, and McLean, the field of affective neuroscience has matured to become the province of neuroscientists, neuropsychologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists. It is accepted that the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, hippoc us, and insula participate in the majority of emotional processes. New imaging technologies and molecular biology discoveries are expanding further the frontiers of knowledge in this arena. The advancements of knowledge on the interplay between the human brain and emotions came about as the legacy of the pioneers mentioned in this field. The aim of this paper is to describe the historical evolution of the scientific understanding of interconnections between the human brain, behaviour, and emotions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.RAMB.2013.01.008
Abstract: The occurrence of psychiatric comorbidity among in iduals with crack or inhalant dependence is frequently observed. The objective of this study was to investigate anxiety symptoms among crack cocaine and inhalant users in southern Brazil. The study investigated two groups of volunteers of equal size (n=50): one group consisted of crack cocaine users, and the other group consisted of inhalant users. Research volunteers completed the Portuguese versions of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ). Both crack and inhalant users experience significant symptoms of anxiety. Inhalant users presented significantly more anxiety symptoms than crack users according to the HAM-A questionnaire only. In contrast to the results of the HAM-A, the STAI failed to demonstrate a significant difference between the two groups of substance users. SRQ scores revealed that crack and inhalants users had significant degrees of morbidity. A significant difference regarding anxiety symptomatology, especially state anxiety, was observed among inhalant and crack users. Anxiety and overall mental psychopathology were significantly correlated in this s le. The results indicate that screening initiatives to detect anxiety and additional psychiatric comorbidities among crack and inhalant users are feasible and relevant.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S40615-019-00645-1
Abstract: There is a lack of research tools in Portuguese to evaluate racial discrimination. The purpose of this study was to psychometrically assess the Portuguese version of the Schedule of Racist Events (SRE) in a s le of in iduals enrolled in a research trial with antiretroviral medications in southern Brazil. S le of 147 in iduals living with HIV and/or AIDS. Research participants completed the Schedule of Racist Events and the WHOQOL-HIV BREF questionnaires. The SRE scores of non-white participants were significantly higher than the scores of white-participants. The Crombach's alpha coefficients, for the three subscales of the Portuguese version of the SRE, were high and significant. There were significant correlations between all subscales of the SRE and relevant domains of the WHOQOL-HIV BREF. The original English version of the SRE was successfully adapted to Portuguese. The Portuguese version of SRE constitutes a valid research instrument for evaluating racial discrimination.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-11-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-08-2010
DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2010.501626
Abstract: In this study the authors investigated depressive symptoms and correlated psychopathology in crack cocaine and inhalant users in Southern Brazil. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. General psychopathology, hopelessness and suicidal tendencies were also investigated. Crack and inhalants users presented significant levels of depressive symptoms and psychiatric morbidity. These disorders were significantly associated with hopelessness and suicidal tendencies. These findings underscore the need for more rigorous and extensive screening efforts to detect and treat depressive symptoms in crack and inhalent users.
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.5694/MJA12.11809
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2009
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0B013E328328D154
Abstract: Quality of life (QoL) has become an important clinical and research outcome in clinical drug and alcohol studies. Yet, further advancement in this field is hindered by the lack of a consensual definition of QoL in that often investigators use the constructs of health status and QoL interchangeably. This article reviews the conceptual definitions of QoL as a researchable construct. It also presents the most commonly used questionnaires to evaluate QoL in the context of substance use. In the area of substance use research, the evaluation of QoL has been conducted mainly via generic instruments. Most of the studies reporting results of QoL measurements have obtained their data from opiate users receiving different treatment modalities at various healthcare agencies. Recent studies have used the Injection Drug User QoL Scale as a specific assessment tool. Specific QoL instruments have also been developed in the area of alcohol and nicotine dependence. QoL is an important clinical and research outcome in the context of substance use. However, the indiscriminate use of nonspecific measurement tools may produce questionable results. A new generation of specific tools takes into particular consideration the life areas that have a greater influence on the QoL of substance users. It is hoped that the new impetus toward a specific QoL assessment in the context of substance use will promote further scientific advancement in this area.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-04-2000
Abstract: Previous work has shown that a dose of DHbetaE, a competitive nicotinic receptor antagonist that blocked the discriminative stimulus properties of nicotine, was insufficient to block locomotor depression or operant rate-reducing effects of nicotine in rats. Examination of DHbetaE against other behavioural effects of nicotine may help in understanding its erse actions. The present experiments examine the aversive stimulus properties of nicotine, a function implicated in the regulation of nicotine intake. Furthermore, to characterise the duration of pharmacological blockade produced by DHbetaE, the antagonist was examined in the drug discrimination (DD) procedure. Using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm, male hooded rats were trained to avoid one of two distinctively flavoured solutions paired with nicotine (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg) administration. In rats trained to discriminate 0.2 mg/kg s.c. nicotine in a two-lever procedure maintained under a tandem V160''-FR10 schedule of food reinforcement, the offset of antagonism by DHbetaE was examined 5, 15 and 30 min following injection of nicotine (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg s.c.) or vehicle. Administration of DHbetaE (0.5, 1.6 and 5.0 mg/kg s.c.) 30 min before nicotine failed to block nicotine (0.4 mg/kg) CTA, while co-administration of DHbetaE (5.0 mg/kg s.c.) with nicotine (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg s.c.) prevented the development of CTAs. This blockade complemented nicotine discrimination data in which DHbetaE blocked the discriminative stimulus effect of nicotine (0.2 or 0.4 mg/kg s.c.) for 45 min after its administration. These observations of DHbetaE's short-lasting antagonism against the aversive and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine support the involvement of the similar subtypes of nicotinic receptor in the mediation of these erse behavioural effects.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-02-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JMP/JHV065
Location: Australia
Location: New Zealand
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Carlos Zubaran Jr.