ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0364-2856
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Environmental Science and Management | Genetics | Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History | Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics | Population Ecology | Plant Biology not elsewhere classified | Curatorial and Related Studies | Historical Studies | Wildlife And Habitat Management | Museum Studies | Australian History (excl. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History) | Conservation | Ecosystem Function | Population And Ecological Genetics | Conservation and Biodiversity | Landscape Ecology | Conservation And Biodiversity |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Forest and Woodlands Environments | Understanding Australia's Past | Conserving Natural Heritage | Conserving Collections and Movable Cultural Heritage | Conserving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Remnant vegetation and protected conservation areas | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Rehabilitation/reafforestation | Remnant vegetation and protected conservation areas | Climate change | Remnant Vegetation and Protected Conservation Areas in Forest and Woodlands Environments | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales | Expanding Knowledge in Language, Communication and Culture
Related Links
Publications
Variation and natural hybridization in the Conostylis aculeata R.Br. species group near Dawesville, Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1977
DOI: 10.1071/BT9770395
Abstract: Variation was studied in allopatric and sympatric populations of Conostylis aculeata R.Br., C. candicans Endl., and C. pauciflora Hopper near Dawesville, on the Swan River Coastal Plain. When in allopatry the three species were found to be morphologically similar but distinguishable by hybrid index analysis. They also showed variable but overlapping habitat preferences. C. paucifora was morphologically intermediate between C. aculeata and a coastal ecotype of C. candicans. Sympatric populations of two pairs of species, C. candicans-C. aculeata and C. pauciflora-C. aculeata, contained intermediate hybrids with slightly reduced pollen fertility relative to the parents. Hybrid populations were confined to ruderal habitats. Ecological factors appeared to be primary in maintaining isolation between the species, since indiscriminate pollination occurred in sympatric populations, and hybrids were abundant and fertile. The taxonomic and evolutionary implications of natural hybridization in the C. aculeata group, including the possibility of a hybrid origin of C. pauciflora, are discussed.
Contrasting patterns of population divergence on young and old landscapes in Banksia seminuda (Proteaceae), with evidence for recognition of subspecies
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-08-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA098
Abstract: OCBIL theory provides a basis for understanding of the evolution and ecology of biota on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) worldwide. Here, we test a genetic hypothesis presented in OCBIL theory that predicts highly differentiated intraspecific population systems on OCBILs vs. more limited differentiation on young, often disturbed, fertile landscapes (YODFELs). We examined patterns of genomic and morphological ergence in Banksia seminuda across OCBILs and YODFELs in south-western Australia. We also used these data to determine whether these OCBIL and YODFEL populations represent distinct subspecific lineages, a point of previous contention among taxonomists. As hypothesized, genomic analyses based on 3466 SNP loci revealed strong structuring within B. seminuda, with high differentiation across narrow geographic scales among OCBIL populations vs. lower differentiation across much larger geographic scales among YODFEL populations. In addition, genomic and morphological ergence was found between OCBIL and YODFEL populations, providing comprehensive quantitative evidence for two subspecies. These findings have taxonomic implications for the species and provide support for OCBIL theory and its insights into the evolution, ecology and conservation of biota on ancient landscapes.
The Noongar of south-western Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA097
Abstract: Occurring across all southern hemisphere continents except Antarctica, old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) are centres of biological richness, often in bio ersity hotspots. Among a matrix of young, often disturbed, fertile landscapes (YODFELs), OCBILs are centres of endemism and ersity in the exceptionally rich flora of the south-west Australian global bio ersity hotspot, home to Noongar peoples for ≥ 48 000 years. We analysed contemporary traditional Noongar knowledge of adjacent OCBILs (e.g. granite outcrops) and YODFELs (e.g. creekline fringes) both at a single site and in two larger areas to test whether patterns of disturbance dictated by Noongar custom align with OCBIL theory. We found that Noongar traditional knowledge reflects a regime of concentrated YODFEL rather than OCBIL disturbance—a pattern which aligns with maximal bio ersity preservation. SIMPER testing found traditional Noongar OCBIL and YODFEL activities are 64–75% dissimilar, whereas Pearson’s chi-square tests revealed c ing, burning, travelling through country and hunting as primarily YODFEL rather than OCBIL activities. We found that Noongar activities usually avoid OCBIL disturbance. This combined with high floristic ersity following enduring First Peoples’ presence, suggests that traditional Noongar knowledge is valuable and necessary for south-west Australian bio ersity conservation. Similar cultural investigations in other OCBIL-dominated global bio ersity hotspots may prove profitable.
Coastal dwarf variants of the red swamp Banksia (Proteaceae) represent parallel ecotypic evolution rather than a divergent evolutionary lineage of single origin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-10-2023
Dedication to Associate Professor Sid James, 10 July 1933 – 7 December 1998
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 17-12-1999
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00315
Talking Mungee – a teacher, provider, connector, exemplar
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-05-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11104-023-06057-9
Abstract: Endemic to Noongar Country of southwestern Australia, the charismatic and much-loved mistletoe, Nuytsia floribunda (Labill.) R.Br. ex G.Don ( Munjee / Moodjar in Noongar language), was the subject of a 2010 review which explored aspects of its cultural importance and botanical attributes based largely on early colonial accounts and scientific findings. Our purpose was to apply cross-cultural methods to review and update findings reported by Hopper (2010). We have recently explored this iconic species through a collaborative Elder-led, cross-cultural process, largely through oral accounts of contemporary Merningar Noongar knowledge holders. We record previously unpublished insights relating to Nuytsia floribunda , and longheld Noongar custom relating to its conservation, use and multi-faceted relationships with southwestern Australia’s First Nations peoples. We present Noongar- and Western science-derived knowledge relating to the physiology, ecology and evolution of this species. The unique biology, ingenuity and physical prominence of Nuytsia floribunda has been recognised in Noongar lore for millennia. We suggest it as a valuable teacher and exemplar of prosperous survival in old, climatically-buffered, infertile landscapes and to this end, should be widely celebrated.
High species diversity and turnover in granite inselberg floras highlight the need for a conservation strategy protecting many outcrops
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-06-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.5318
Effectiveness of native nectar-feeding birds and the introduced Apis mellifera as pollinators of the kangaroo paw, Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/BT19097
Abstract: Plants pollinated by vertebrates are often visited by native and exotic insects foraging for pollen and nectar. We compared flower visitation rates, foraging behaviour, and the contribution to reproduction of nectar-feeding birds and the introduced honeybee Apis mellifera in four populations of the bird-pollinated Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae). The behaviour of floral visitors was quantified with direct observations and motion-triggered and hand-held cameras. Pollinator access to flowers was manipulated by enclosure in netting to either exclude all visitors or to exclude vertebrate visitors only. Apis mellifera was the only insect observed visiting flowers, and the most frequent flower visitor, but primarily acted as a pollen thief. Although birds visited A. manglesii plants only once per week on average, they were 3.5 times more likely to contact the anther or stigma as foraging honeybees. Exclusion of birds resulted in 67% fewer fruits and 81% fewer seeds than flowers left open and unmanipulated. Unnetted flowers that were open to bird and insect pollinators showed pollen-limitation and a large variation in reproductive output within and between sites. Although honeybees have been shown to pollinate other Australian plants, compared to birds, they are highly inefficient pollinators of A. manglesii.
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of the bloodroot and kangaroo paw family, Haemodoraceae: taxonomic, biogeographic and conservation implications
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-1999
Near-neighbour optimal outcrossing in the bird-pollinated Anigozanthos manglesii
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 21-06-2019
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCZ091
Abstract: In plants, the spatial and genetic distance between mates can influence reproductive success and offspring fitness. Negative fitness consequences associated with the extremes of inbreeding and outbreeding suggest that there will be an intermediate optimal outcrossing distance (OOD), the scale and drivers of which remain poorly understood. In the bird-pollinated Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae) we tested (1) for the presence of within-population OOD, (2) over what scale it occurs, and (3) for OOD under biologically realistic scenarios of multi-donor deposition associated with pollination by nectar-feeding birds. We measured the impact of mate distance (spatial and genetic) on seed set, fruit size, seed mass, seed viability and germination success following hand pollination from (1) single donors across 0 m (self), m, 1–3 m, 7–15 m and 50 m, and (2) a mix of eight donors. Microsatellite loci were used to quantify spatial genetic structure and test for the presence of an OOD by paternity assignment after multi-donor deposition. Inter-mate distance had a significant impact on single-donor reproductive success, with selfed and nearest-neighbour ( m) pollination resulting in only ~50 seeds per fruit, lower overall germination success and slower germination. Seed set was greatest for inter-mate distance of 1–3 m (148 seeds per fruit), thereafter plateauing at ~100 seeds per fruit. Lower seed set following nearest-neighbour mating was associated with significant spatial genetic autocorrelation at this scale. Paternal success following pollination with multiple sires showed a significantly negative association with increasing distance between mates. Collectively, single- and multi-donor pollinations indicated evidence for a near-neighbour OOD within A. manglesii. A survey of the literature suggests that within-population OOD may be more characteristic of plants pollinated by birds than those pollinated by insects.
OCBIL theory: Towards an integrated understanding of the evolution, ecology and conservation of biodiversity on old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2009
The reproductive capacity of Anigozanthos manglesii D. Don, A. humilis Lindl. and their hybrids in a wild population
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1977
DOI: 10.1071/BT9770423
Abstract: The flower production, fruit set, seed set and seed germination of parental and hybrid Anigozanthos in iduals from the Gingin cemetery, Western Australia, were investigated to establish whether differences in reproductive capacity could have been responsible for observed short-term numerical changes in the population. A. manglesii had a six- to ninefold reproductive advantage over A. humilis due to greater seed set and better germination. F1 hybrids and backcrosses had reproductive capacities equivalent to or slightly better than A. humilis. The agreement between calculated reproductive capacity values and the trend of numerical changes in the cemetery supports the conclusion that differences in reproductive performance have played a significant role in the short-term dynamics of the population.
Do mycorrhizal symbioses cause rarity in orchids?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2011
The role of landscape history in the distribution and conservation of threatened flora in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-10-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA141
Abstract: The flora of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) is characterized by remarkable richness, endemism, spatial turnover and numbers of threatened taxa. Increasingly, evolutionary history is recognized as contributing to SWAFR biogeographical patterns, culminating in the theory of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs) [and their counterpoint: young, often disturbed, fertile landscapes (YODFELs)]. For the SWAFR, we: (1) developed a spatially explicit distribution of OCBILs and YODFELs (2) analysed the spatial distribution of Threatened and Priority (Data Deficient) flora and (3) tested the hypotheses that Threatened and Priority flora will be most strongly represented in OCBILs and will have small geographical ranges. We found that OCBILs and YODFELs dominated spatially distinct portions of the SWAFR. Threatened and Priority flora were not uniformly or randomly distributed and were more strongly characterized by narrow-range endemics than the non-Threatened flora. The occurrence of Threatened and Priority flora was positively correlated with the age of surface exposure of landscape features and unique geological features of limited extent (if not YODFELs). The concentration of Threatened flora in OCBILs provides the opportunity to improve conservation management through investigations of how plant traits favoured by evolution in OCBILs might increase or decrease the susceptibility of the flora to anthropogenic threats.
Refugia: identifying and understanding safe havens for biodiversity under climate change
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2011
Specialized ecological interactions and plant species rarity: The role of pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi across multiple spatial scales
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Evaluating restoration outcomes through assessment of pollen dispersal, mating system, and genetic diversity
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-02-2021
DOI: 10.1111/REC.13335
Abstract: Ecological genetics can provide a novel contribution to assessing the achievement of restoration objectives. We used paternity assignment to infer realized pollen dispersal within, and pollen immigration into, a restoration population of Hakea nitida , a common near‐coastal shrub or small tree in southwest Australia. We compared mating system parameters and genetic ersity with a nearby remnant reference population and assessed genetic ergence among the restoration and reference populations. We found realized pollen dispersal events closely tracked the frequency distributions of the distances between all plants within the restoration focus area. Mean realized pollen dispersal distance (359 m) approached the mean of the distances between all plants (407 m), far exceeding mean nearest neighbor distance (12 m). Maximum realized pollen dispersal distance (869 m) approached the maximum distance between all plants in the study area (1,033 m). Pollen immigration into the restoration study area was limited (4%). The mating system revealed moderate outcrossing rates ( t m = 0.861 restoration and t m = 0.745 reference population), with significant and similar biparental inbreeding ( t m − t s = 0.180, t m − t s = 0.186) but greater correlated paternity ( r pm ) in the restoration (0.519) than in the reference (0.188) population. Genetic ergence among the restoration and reference remnant population was moderate ( F ST = 0.094, D ST = 0.239). Patterns of pollen dispersal and mating system parameters imply the attraction of pollinators within the restoration population as a key factor in progressing towards the establishment of self‐sustaining populations.
POLLINATION OF THE RAIN-FOREST TREE SYZYGIUM-TIERNEYANUM (MYRTACEAE) AT KURANDA, NORTHERN QUEENSLAND
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1980
DOI: 10.1071/BT9800223
Abstract: The identity, abundance and foraging behaviour of pollinators of the self-compatible, mass-flowering Syzygium tierneyanum were investigated. Forty-five species of nectarivorous animals were recorded. Diurnal visitors included seven bird nine butterfly. four moth (including two hawkmoth), two bee, two ant, one wasp, three blowfly, one fruit fly, two beetle and one weevil species. while nocturnal visitors included one bat and 12 moth (including three hawkmoth) species. Floral dimensions were such that only the vertebrate and larger insect species regularly contacted anthers and stigmas while foraging. Of these groups the feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) was the most common flowet visitor. Honeyeaters and hawkmoths appeared to be the most important native pollinators they were abundant in the study area and visited numerous flowers (50-250) in quick succession (1-3 s per flower) on each foraging bout. The only major differences in foraging times observed in the pollinator array were between diurnal, diurnal and crepuscular, and nocturnal floral visitors. Spatial partitioning of the nectar resource was limited to one instance of territoriality involving a Macleay's honeyeater (Meliphaga rnacleayana) on a densely flowering branch prior to peak blooming time, occasional aggressive chases by honeyeaters, and a ision of foraging modes into rapid, erratic flights of 0.5– 4 m between flowers (hawkmoths) as against nearest-flower movements (all other groups). This lack of major spatial partitioning may have been due to the mass flowering of S. tierneyanum and the resultant superabundance of nectar. The vast majority (c. 99.95%) of interflower movements observed in foraging bouts of birds (and of hawkmoths) were within the same plant. This suggests that most seeds of S. tierneyanum may be derived from self-pollination.
Understanding the long-term impact of prescribed burning in mediterranean-climate biodiversity hotspots, with a focus on south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1071/WF18067
Abstract: Wildfires are expected to increase worldwide both in frequency and intensity owing to global warming, but are likely to vary geographically. This is of particular concern in the five mediterranean regions of the world that are all bio ersity hotspots with extraordinary plant and animal ersity that may be impacted by deliberately imposed fire. Wildland managers attempt to reduce the impact and mitigate the outcomes of wildfires on human assets and bio ersity by the use of prescribed burning. The response that we must ‘fight fire with fire’ is understandable, perceived as reducing the flammability of wildlands in fire-prone regions and lessening the impact of wildfires. The long-term impact on bio ersity is, however, less clear. The practice of prescribed burning has been in place and monitored in south-western Australia for 50 years, longer and more intensively than in most other mediterranean ecosystems. The present target is for 200 000 ha burned each year in this bio ersity hotspot. Published studies on the impact of this burning on infrastructure protection and on bio ersity are here used to understand the protective capacity of the practice and to foreshadow its possible long-term ecological impact across all mediterranean ecosystems.
Granite outcrops as ancient islands in old landscapes: evidence from the phylogeography and population genetics of Eucalyptus caesia (Myrtaceae) in Western Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-12-2008
Analyses of cpDNA matK sequence data place Tillaea (Crassulaceae) within Crassula
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2009
From Dampier to DNA: The 300-year-old mystery of the identity and proposed allopolyploid origin of Conostylis stylidioides (Haemodoraceae)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/BT00072
Abstract: The tetraploid Conostylis stylidioides (n= 16) has been proposed to be a stabilised hybrid between the diploid (n = 8) species C. prolifera and C. candicans because of morphological and geographical intermediacy, as well as a polyploid chromosome number. To test this hybrid-origin hypothesis, we used the DNA-fingerprinting technique lified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and measured genetic variation within these taxa, as well as the putative outgroups C. robusta and C. aculeata. One AFLP primer pair generated 192 dominant markers for 36 s les from these species, of which 189 were polymorphic. Polymorphism within populations was uniformly high for all species, with 66–86% of all fragments polymorphic and estimates of heterozygosity ranging from 0.36 to 0.41. Ordination, UPGMA and maximum parsimony analyses of these genetic data consistently clustered species, supporting the current species’ level taxonomy. The intermediate placement of C. stylidioides between C. proliferaand C. candicans on the maximum parsimony tree supports the hybrid-origin hypothesis, although other interpretations are possible. The phenetic results for AFLP data, in which C. stylidioides is not strictly intermediate between C. prolifera and C. candicans, are either concordant with recent research suggesting that rapid intra- and inter-genomic rearrangements occur with the origin of polyploid taxa, or indicate an ancient hybridisation event. While our results do not reject the hybrid origin hypothesis, the extremely high levels of genetic variation detected with AFLP within these populations, in combination with extensive genomic reorganisation with the origin of C. stylidioides and the possibility of independent origins for different populations, make it difficult to confidently exclude other scenarios.
STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF A HYBRID POPULATION OF ANIGOZANTHOS-MANGLESII D-DON AND ANIGOZANTHOS-HUMILIS LINDL (HAEMODORACEAE)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1977
DOI: 10.1071/BT9770413
Abstract: The structure of a hybrid kangaroo paw population (Anigozanthos Labill.) in the shire cemetery at Gingin, Western Australia, was analysed from multivariate morphometric, pollen fertility and floral colour data. A. manglesii D. Don. comprised 87% of the population of 9547 flowering in iduals in 1976, and occupied the lower, wetter areas of the cemetery to the exclusion of A. humilis Lindl. A. humilis (11 % of the population) occurred at the greatest density on the higher, drier areas. The intervening ecotonal regions were occupied by both species, and by the majority of F1 hybrids (0.5 % of the population) and backcrosses (c. 2%). Census data documented a threefold increase in the number of A. manglesii in iduals, a slight increase in the number of F1 hybrids, and a decrease in the number of A. humilis by a third over a 3-year study period. These data suggest the occurrence of a limited amount of introgressive gene exchange in the face of potent barriers to interspecific hybridization.
Rarity or decline: Key concepts for the Red List of Australian eucalypts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Mutualists or parasites? Context-dependent influence of symbiotic fly larvae on carnivorous investment in the albany pitcher plant
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1098/RSOS.160690
Abstract: Carnivorous plants allocate more resources to carnivorous structures under nutrient-limited conditions, and relative investment can also be influenced by animals (infauna) that live in association with these plants and feed on their prey. We investigated these effects within a population of the pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis containing varying densities of larvae of the fly Badisis ambulans . For plants with a relatively high proportion of adult pitchers, increasing larval density was associated with lower relative leaf allocation to new pitcher buds. For plants with relatively few adult pitchers, however, there was greater relative leaf allocation to pitcher buds with increasing larval density. In a field experiment, there was no significant effect of experimental larval presence or absence on the change in carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of plants. Although the direction of the correlation between B. ambulans larvae and relative investment in carnivorous and non-carnivorous structures depends on the relative number of mature structures, whether the larvae enhance or reduce nutrient stress under different conditions remains unclear. The change in C/N was, however, less variable for pitchers that contained larvae, suggesting a stabilizing effect. Eighteen of 52 experimental pitchers were damaged by an unknown species, causing the pitcher fluid to drain. These pitchers were significantly more likely to survive if they contained larvae. These results suggest that the relationship between infauna and host varies with the initial resource status and environmental context of the host plant.
Soil and plant outcomes of harvesting a Noongar staple geophyte in south-western Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-10-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA149
Abstract: Geophytes are a considerable component of Southwest Australian flora and thus, unsurprisingly, feature heavily in the diets and culture of Noongar First Nations people of this old, climatically buffered, infertile landscape-dominated global bio ersity hotspot. Of ~650 geophyte species recorded in south-western Australia, 90 are known traditional Noongar foods. Despite the significant role of geophytes in Noongar traditional lives, there is little published knowledge of the ecological effects of harvesting geophytes. We measured and observed soil and plant outcomes of tuber harvest for two Noongar staple species of Platysace Bunge to test whether it improved soil conditions for plant growth and/or aided tuber availability, as suggested for other Australian Aboriginal root crops. Harvesting of Platysace deflexa led to increases in some soil nutrient levels and, unexpectedly, to an increase in bulk density. Platysace deflexa stem abundance was restored to the pre-harvest level within 1 year post-harvest, whereas tuber weight and volume were less than pre-harvest levels after 2 years. A post-harvest increase in the proportion of small tubers in crops suggests that harvest has a renewing and homogenizing effect on tubers. Site-based differences in post-harvest P. deflexa and Platysace trachymenioides quantity of tubers were consistent with preferential harvest of some populations by present-day Noongar families and their ancestors.
Dormancy, germination and seed bank storage: a study in support of ex situ conservation of macrophytes of southwest Australian temporary pools
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2010
Novel Consequences of Bird Pollination for Plant Mating
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2017.03.005
Abstract: Pollinator behaviour has profound effects on plant mating. Pollinators are predicted to minimise energetic costs during foraging bouts by moving between nearby flowers. However, a review of plant mating system studies reveals a mismatch between behavioural predictions and pollen-mediated gene dispersal in bird-pollinated plants. Paternal ersity of these plants is twice that of plants pollinated solely by insects. Comparison with the behaviour of other pollinator groups suggests that birds promote pollen dispersal through a combination of high mobility, limited grooming, and intra- and interspecies aggression. Future opportunities to test these predictions include seed paternity assignment following pollinator exclusion experiments, single pollen grain genotyping, new tracking technologies for small pollinators, and motion-triggered cameras and ethological experimentation for quantifying pollinator behaviour.
Overview and Investigation of Australian Aboriginal Lizard Traps
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2022
Granite outcrop study areas, showing rainfall (mm yr−1, WorldClim dataset), elevation range (ER), mean canopy height and ground coverage for plots in off-flow areas (OF), intermediate sites with on- and off-flow (INT) or in on-flow areas near each outcrop (ON).
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 2014
Royal Botanic Gardens Kew
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Date: 14-04-2015
Two new rare species and a new hybrid in Eucalyptus series Tetrapterae (Myrtaceae) from southern coastal Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/SB06034
Abstract: Three new rare taxa allied to the conspicuous, common four-winged mallee (Eucalyptus tetraptera Turcz.) are described. E. sweedmaniana is a large-leaved and prostrate coastal mallee known only from Mount Arid, Western Australia. E. brandiana, a non-lignotuberous mallet, occupies spongolite hilltops and escarpments near the Fitzgerald River Inlet in Fitzgerald River National Park, Western Australia. A single hybrid mallet, E. arborella × brandiana, is described from the type locality of E. brandiana. Both new species and the new hybrid show potential for horticultural use, given their compact habit, large leaves and conspicuous red floral hypanthia and fruits. E. arborella × brandiana and E. brandiana are particularly at risk, being highly localised endemics that are killed by fire.
Seven new species of Haemodorum (Haemodoraceae) from the Kimberley region of Western Australia
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 03-11-2015
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00731
A revision of Australia's hammer orchids (Drakaea : Orchidaceae), with some field data on species-specific sexually deceived wasp pollinators
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/SB06033
Abstract: Drakaea Lindley, 1840 is a genus of 10 species of geophytic orchids endemic to the South-west Australian Floristic Region. The genus is renowned for its morphological and chemical adaptations, achieving pollination by sexual deception of male thynnid wasps. The history of taxa in Drakaea has been one of dispute and confusion right to the present day. Here we provide a revision of the genus, the first made by using modern collections and field data, formalising names for undescribed taxa featured by Hoffman and Brown (1992, 1998), several of which are threatened with extinction. We describe six new species: D. andrewsiae, D. concolor, D. confluens, D. gracilis, D. isolata and D. micrantha. Experimental baiting of male wasps has helped show the specific status of some of these new taxa. Molecular phylogenetic research is needed to clarify relationships and patterns of speciation in the genus. Five of the 10 Drakaea species are legally protected under the Western Australian Wildlife Conservation Act and the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Bio ersity Conservation Act, signalling the ongoing need for research and management to ensure the conservation of this unique part of Australia’s orchid heritage. D. andrewsiae has been recorded only three times from the Gnowangerup–Tunney district. Urgent surveys are needed to establish its conservation status.
Assessment of genetic diversity and mating system of Acacia cyclops restoration and remnant populations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2019
DOI: 10.1111/REC.13007
The Role of Botanic Gardens in the Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1523-1739.2010.01632.X
Abstract: Many of the skills and resources associated with botanic gardens and arboreta, including plant taxonomy, horticulture, and seed bank management, are fundamental to ecological restoration efforts, yet few of the world's botanic gardens are involved in the science or practice of restoration. Thus, we examined the potential role of botanic gardens in these emerging fields. We believe a reorientation of certain existing institutional strengths, such as plant-based research and knowledge transfer, would enable many more botanic gardens worldwide to provide effective science-based support to restoration efforts. We recommend botanic gardens widen research to include ecosystems as well as species, increase involvement in practical restoration projects and training practitioners, and serve as information hubs for data archiving and exchange.
New life for systematics
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 25-05-2007
Conservation of old individual trees and small populations is integral to maintain species' genetic diversity of a historically fragmented woody perennial
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.15164
Abstract: Historically fragmented and specialized habitats such as granite outcrops are understudied globally unique hot spots of plant evolution. In contrast to predictions based on mainstream population genetic theory, some granite outcrop plants appear to have persisted as very small populations despite prolonged geographic and genetic isolation. Eucalyptus caesia Benth. is a long-lived lignotuberous tree endemic with a naturally fragmented distribution on granite outcrops in south-western Australia. To quantify population to landscape-level genetic structure, we employed microsatellite genotyping at 14 loci of all plants in 18 stands of E. caesia. S led stands were characterized by low levels of genetic ersity, small absolute population sizes, localized clonality and strong fine-scale genetic sub ision. There was no significant relationship between population size and levels of heterozygosity. At the landscape scale, high levels of population genetic differentiation were most pronounced among representatives of the two subspecies in E. caesia as originally circumscribed. Past genetic interconnection was evident between some geographic neighbours separated by up to 20 km. Paradoxically, other pairs of neighbouring stands as little as 7 km apart were genetically distinct. There was no consistent pattern of isolation by distance across the 280 km range of E. caesia. Low levels of gene flow, together with strong drift within stands, provide some explanation of the patterns of genetic differentiation we observed. In idual genet longevity via the ability to repeatedly resprout and expand from a lignotuber may enhance the persistence of some woody perennial endemic plants despite small population size, minimal genetic interconnection and low heterozygosity.
A Method for Setting the Size of Plant Conservation Target Areas
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-06-2001
Microsatellite profiles of adult and progeny Eucalyptus caesia
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2016
MULTIVARIATE MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF SPECIES RELATIONSHIPS IN KANGAROO PAWS (ANIGOZANTHOS-LABILL AND MACROPIDIA-DRUMM-EX-HARV-HAEMODORACEAE)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1977
DOI: 10.1071/BT9770523
Abstract: Multivariate morphometric analyses of floral and leaf structure and an examination of seed morphology of the 12 kangaroo paw species were undertaken to clarify taxonomic issues and phylogenetic relationships in the group. The study demonstrates substantial morphological differences between Macropidia Drumm. ex Harv. and Anigozanthos Labill., and argues for their reinstatement as separate genera. Sufficient differences among A. bicolor Endl., A. gabrielae Domin and A. viridis Endl, are also established to justify their recognition as valid taxonomic species. Other groups of closely related Anigozanthos species are identified and the ision of the genus into only two sections, Anigozanthos and Haplanthesis, characterized by branched and unbranched flowering stems, is advocated. Phylogenetic trends based on morphological relationships are discussed.
BIRD POLLINATION AND THE MATING SYSTEM OF EUCALYPTUS-STOATEI
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1981
DOI: 10.1071/BT9810625
Abstract: Eucalyptus stoatei C. A. Gardn., a small tree endemic in south-western Australia, is unusual in the genus in being predominantly if not exclusively pollinated by birds. Many in idual honeyeaters but no insects were recorded feeding on its nectar during the 1980 flowering season. The large pendulous flowers deny entry to most large insect visitors because the stamens form an impenetrable dome over the floral cup. Access to nectar is only possible through a narrow opening lined with anthers in the centre of the staminal dome. Honeyeaters visited few flowers per tree (average 1-5) and about 18% of the movements of in idual birds from one flower to another were between flowers on different trees. Most intertree movements were between trees farther apart than nearest-neighbours. Hence a high rate of outcross pollination is inferred. Analysis of the mating system of E. stoatei using allozyme seed markers in one population indicated an average level of outcrossing of 82%, among the highest so far recorded for eucalypts. The study therefore supports the hypothesis that bird pollinators may effect high levels of outcrossing, although other factors such as protandry and incompatibility probably are also involved. Adaptations favouring exclusive bird pollination in E. stoatei may have evolved to promote outcrossing and heterozygosity in the face of inbreeding depression imposed by a dissected population structure. and in response to the relatively low number of seeds per plant produced by the species.
An introduction to Caladenia R.Br. - Australasia's jewel among terrestrial orchids
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/BT09999
Abstract: Caladenia is a genus of more than 250 species of geophytic orchids in the Tribe Diurideae endemic to the Australasian Region. The genus in this broad sense has an exceptional ersity of insect pollination adaptations among its colourfully adorned species, from food-rewarding generalists to specialists achieving pollination by sexual deception of male thynnid wasps. The exploration of ersity in Caladenia involves many of the great names in the foundation of Australasian plant systematics, as well as reflecting a remarkable second phase of discovery and description over the past three decades. Molecular phylogenetics has greatly clarified relationships of Caladenia and established six major clades within the genus. Some researchers regard these clades as genera themselves, whereas they are treated as subgenera herein to maximise nomenclatural stability and information retrieval. More work is needed to adequately document relationships within each of these clades, and disputed matters of typification greatly influence nomenclature applied to many species if the six clades are recognised as genera. Given the relatively recent and ongoing discovery of so many new species in Caladenia, the biology of these orchids is only now being documented comprehensively. Significant advances in pollination ecology, mycorrhizal studies, horticulture and conservation biology are emerging that highlight the extraordinary ecological sensitivity and conservation vulnerability of the genus. Indeed, the high species number and complex biotic connections have resulted in no other genus of terrestrial orchids possessing such a large number of rare and threatened taxa. Some of this rich body of new data is presented by a erse range of laboratories and researchers in this special issue.
Genetic diversity, mating system, and reproductive output of restored melaleuca acuminata populations are comparable to natural remnant populations
Publisher: University of Wisconsin Press
Date: 28-10-2019
DOI: 10.3368/ER.37.4.222
Contemporary distribution of Macrozamia dyeri (Zamiaceae) is correlated with patterns of Nyungar occupation in south‐east coastal Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12907
PROGENY TRIALS IN AN INTROGRESSIVE HYBRID POPULATION OF ANIGOZANTHOS LABILL (HAEMODORACEAE)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1978
DOI: 10.1071/BT9780309
Abstract: The floral morphology and pollen fertility of progeny from open-pollinated plants in a hybrid population of A. manglesii and A. humilis were measured to investigate patterns of gene exchange occurring between hybrid and parental in iduals. Introgression occurs where the two species and F1 hybrids grow in close proximity in the population but the possibility of more backcrossing to A. manglesii than to A. humilis remains an open question on present evidence. The morphological effects of hybridization became cryptic in some cases within one and in most cases within two generations of backcrossing. The possible evolutionary significance of natural hybridization between A. manglesii and A. humilis is discussed in the light of these results.
Contributions to Western Australian orchidology: 3. New and reinstated taxa in Eriochilus
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 20-12-2006
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00449
Pollen dispersal, pollen immigration, mating and genetic diversity in restoration of the southern plains Banksia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-02-2020
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA003
Abstract: Evaluation of patterns of pollen dispersal, mating systems, population fitness, genetic ersity and differentiation in restoration and remnant plant populations can be useful in determining how well restoration activities have achieved their objectives. We used molecular tools to assess how well restoration objectives have been met for populations of Banksia media in the bio ersity hotspot of south-west Western Australia. We characterized patterns of pollen dispersal within, and pollen immigration into, two restoration populations. We compared mating system parameters, population fitness via seed weight, genetic ersity and genetic differentiation for restoration and associated reference remnant populations. Different patterns of pollen dispersal were revealed for two restoration sites that differed in floral display, spatial aggregation of founders and co-planted species. Proximity to remnant native vegetation was associated with enhanced immigration and more short-range pollen dispersal when other population variables were constant. Greater seed weights at remnant compared to restoration populations were not related to outcrossing rate. Equivalent mating system and genetic ersity parameters and low to moderate levels of genetic differentiation between restoration and remnant populations suggest pollinator services have been restored in genetically erse restoration populations of local provenance B. media as early as four years from planting.
The Southwest Australian Floristic Region: Evolution and conservation of a global hot spot of biodiversity
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 15-12-2004
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV.ECOLSYS.35.112202.130201
Abstract: ▪ Abstract Like South Africa's Greater Cape Floristic Region, the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) is species rich, with a Mediterranean climate and old, weathered, nutrient-deficient landscapes. This region has 7380 native vascular plants (species/subspecies): one third described since 1970, 49% endemic, and 2500 of conservation concern. Origins are complex. Molecular phylogenies suggest multiple dispersal events into, out of, and within the SWAFR throughout the Cretaceous and Cenozoic in many phylogenetically unrelated clades and from many directions. Either explosive speciation or steady cladogenesis occurred among some woody sclerophyll and herbaceous families from the mid-Tertiary in response to progressive aridity. Genomic coalescence was sometimes involved. Rainforest taxa went extinct by the Pleistocene. Old lineages nevertheless persist as one endemic order (Dasypogonales) and 6–11 endemic families. Such a rich flora on old landscapes that have been exposed to European land-use practices is highly threatened. Conservation programs must minimize soil removal and use local germplasm in restoration programs.
Traits related to efficient acquisition and use of phosphorus promote diversification in Proteaceae in phosphorus‐impoverished landscapes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2021
Honeyeaters and their winter food plants on granite rocks in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1981
DOI: 10.1071/WR9810187
Abstract: In the winters of 1978 and 1979 at 32 granite rocks in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia 11 honeyeater species were encountered. Brown honeyeaters Lichmera indistincta were the most widespread and locally common white-fronted honeyeaters Phylidonyris albifrons and New Holland honeyeaters P. novaehollandiae were also locally common. Red wattlebirds Anthochaera carunculata and spiny-cheeked honeyeaters A. rufogularis, the largest species seen, were very few on the rocks where they occurred. A number of the dominant shrubs and mallees in the vegetation fringing granite rocks, including species of Calothamnus, Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae), Grevillea and Hakea (Proteaceae), constituted the winter food plants of, and appeared to be pollinated by, the honeyeaters. The possible advantages of bird pollination to these plants are briefly considered.
Isolated with persistence or dynamically connected? Genetic patterns in a common granite outcrop endemic
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-03-2014
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.12185
Sand-binding roots in Haemodoraceae: Global survey and morphology in a phylogenetic context
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2011
Darwin as a plant scientist: a Southern Hemisphere perspective
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2009.06.004
Abstract: Events around the world this year celebrate the bicentenary of the birth of Charles Darwin (1809-1882) and the sesquicentenary of publication of his most important work, The Origin of Species (Darwin 1859). The associated plethora of books and papers now appearing to commemorate Darwin's work continue the traditional emphasis on his zoological and geological contributions. There has been some recent attention directed towards Darwin's relatively unsung but significant accomplishments as a botanist. Here, we bring together a review of Darwin's botanical discoveries and experiments and relevant aspects of his geological investigations, with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere. This is a relatively unexplored aspect of Darwin's contributions that yields some new insights meriting future research.
Ocbil Theory as a Potential Unifying Framework for Investigating Narrow Endemism in Mediterranean Climate Regions
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-2023
Abstract: OCBIL theory addresses the ecology, evolution, and conservation of bio ersity and cultural ersity on old climatically buffered infertile landscapes, which are especially prominent in southwest Australia and the Greater Cape Region of South Africa. Here, as a contribution to general theory on endemism, a few case studies are briefly discussed to ascertain the relevance of hypotheses in OCBIL theory to understanding narrow endemism in Mediterranean climate regions. Two new conservation management hypotheses are also introduced—minimising disturbance of OCBILS and conserving cross-culturally to achieve best outcomes. Case studies of endemics in southwest Australia (e.g., Eucalyptus caesia, Anigozanthos, Cephalotaceae, Daspypogonaceae) and South Africa (Moraea, Conophytum) and more limited evidence for the Mediterranean Region conform to OCBIL theory predictions. Narrow endemics, concentrated in OCBILs, have erse origins that embrace major hypotheses of OCBIL theory such as prolonged persistence and ersification in refugia, limited dispersal, coping with inbreeding in small disjunct population systems (the James Effect), special adaptations to nutrient-deficient soils, and special vulnerabilities (e.g., to soil disturbance and removal). Minimising disturbance to OCBILs is recommended as the primary conservation strategy. OCBIL theory has a potentially significant role to play in advancing understanding of narrow endemism of plants in Mediterranean climate regions and elsewhere.
Prolonged isolation and persistence of a common endemic on granite outcrops in both mesic and semi‐arid environments in south‐western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12343
A phylogenetic analysis of Diurideae (Orchidaceae) based on plastid DNA sequence data
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2001
DOI: 10.2307/3558366
Botanical illustration and photography
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/SB16059
Abstract: To examine claims that the role of botanical art in systematic botany is diminishing because of advances in photography, this review considers relevant literature and includes a quantitative analysis of trends in modern journals, monographs and floras. Our focus is on southern hemisphere systematic botany because, relative to the northern hemisphere, this is poorly represented in modern reviews of botanical art and photography. An analysis of all digitally available papers in Nuytsia, the Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Garden, Muelleria, Telopea, Austrobaileya and Systematic Botany established that, although photographic illustrations have increased since 2000, botanical illustrations have not always diminished. The cause of these trends is unknown, but it is likely to be due to several factors, including sourcing funding for production of botanical illustration, editorial preference for the use of illustrations or photographs, author preference for either illustrations or photographs, and moving to online publication, with no charges for colour reproduction. Moreover, the inclusion of botanical artists as co-authors in some scientific publications signals an ongoing and important role. Botanical illustration brings sharp focus and meticulous attention to detail regarding form and structure of plants. Photography is useful at the macro-scale for habitat and whole-plant traits, as well as at the micro-scale for anatomical textures and ultrastructure. These complementary approaches can be important components of taxonomic discovery, with the potential for a new role in modern trait analysis in molecular phylogenies.
Impact of two wildfires on endemic granite outcrop vegetation in Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-02-2003
Landscape and taxon age are associated with differing patterns of hybridization in two Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) subgenera
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-09-2021
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCAA164
Abstract: Hybridization is an important evolutionary process that can have a significant impact on natural plant populations. Eucalyptus species are well known for weak reproductive barriers and extensive hybridization within subgenera, but there is little knowledge of whether patterns of hybridization differ among subgenera. Here, we examine eucalypts of Western Australia’s Stirling Range to investigate how patterns of hybridization are associated with landscape and taxon age between the two largest Eucalyptus subgenera: Eucalyptus and Symphyomyrtus. In doing so, we tested a hypothesis of OCBIL (old, climatically buffered, infertile landscape) theory that predicts reduced hybridization on older landscapes. Single nucleotide polymorphism markers were applied to confirm the hybrid status, parentage and genetic structure of five suspected hybrid combinations for subg. Eucalyptus and three combinations for subg. Symphyomyrtus. Evidence of hybridization was found in all combinations, and parental taxa were identified for most combinations. The older parental taxa assessed within subg. Eucalyptus, which are widespread on old landscapes, were identified as well-defined genetic entities and all hybrids were exclusively F1 hybrids. In addition, many combinations showed evidence of clonality, suggesting that the large number of hybrids recorded from some combinations is the result of long-term clonal spread following a few hybridization events rather than frequent hybridization. In contrast, the species in subg. Symphyomyrtus, which typically occur on younger landscapes and are more recently evolved, showed less distinction among parental taxa, and where hybridization was detected, there were high levels of introgression. Reduced hybridization in subg. Eucalyptus relative to extensive hybridization in subg. Symphyomyrtus affirmed the hypothesis of reduced hybridization on OCBILs and demonstrate that clade ergence times, landscape age and clonality are important drivers of differing patterns of speciation and hybridization in Eucalyptus.
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL ASPECTS OF SPECIATION IN THE SOUTHWEST AUSTRALIAN FLORA
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 11-1979
Paternity analysis reveals wide pollen dispersal and high multiple paternity in a small isolated population of the bird-pollinated Eucalyptus caesia (Myrtaceae)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2016
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.2016.61
Conservation genetics and clonality in two critically endangered eucalypts from the highly endemic south-western Australian flora
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1999
NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION AND MORPHOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 3 MALLEE EUCALYPTS IN FITZGERALD-RIVER-NATIONAL-PARK, WA
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1978
DOI: 10.1071/BT9780319
Abstract: The suspected occurrence of natural hybridization between Eucalyptus preissiana Schau, and E. Buprestium F. Muell, near West Mount Barren was investigated through a study of morphometric and reproductive parameters in allopatric and sympatric populations of these species. While E. Preissiana and E. buprestium were morphometrically distinct in allopatry, a small number of intermediate in iduals occurred in one of the two sympatric populations examined. These intermediates set less fruit per plant than the parental species on average, a fact consistent with the hypothesis that they were hybrids showing partial F2 breakdown. The demonstration that New Holland honeyeaters (Phylidonyris novae-hollandiae) carried pollen of both parental species in a sympatric population was interpreted as further evidence in support of the occurrence of hybridization. The possible hybrid status of E. chrysantha Blakely & Steedman was investigated through determining its morphometric relationships in a multivariate analysis of E. sepulcralis F. Muell., E. Preissiana and E. buprestium. E. chrysantha was intermediate between E. sepulcralis and E. preissiana, and distinguishable from E. preissiana-E. buprestium hybrids in this analysis. The taxonomic and evolutionary implications of the study are discussed.
Remnant peat deposit provides clues to the inundated cultural landscapes of Kepa Kurl, southwestern Australia
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-03-2023
DOI: 10.1177/09596836231157067
Abstract: In early 2021 several tree stumps embedded in a remnant peat deposit were found in the intertidal zone of Wharton Beach, southwestern Australia by Esperance Tjaltjraak Rangers. Attempts were made to identify the tree using both dendrochronological and anthracological methods but were limited by the lack of reference information from tree species in the southwestern Australia. Radiocarbon dates from one stump indicates the tree lived for approximately 200 years, growing into the peaty sediments sometime before ca. 7340 cal yrs BP and died directly or indirectly as a result of marine transgression. The peat deposit is dated to 7608–7429 cal yrs BP but its exposed seaward edge was unconformably underlain by younger sand, dated by OSL to around 3550 years, which may have intruded as a result of a storm event. An OSL age of 12,600 years was obtained from the base of a laminated dune sequence behind the exposed peat deposit, and is significant given a similar age for a previously documented infant burial site in the area. Together these records provide a rare insight into the former wetland landscape and a cultural and scientific link to the drowned coastal plain. A need for more integrative research along this cultural corridor is clear but this preliminary study has demonstrated the value of combining Cultural Knowledge Systems and Western Science, for Tjaltjraak Healthy Country Program and analogous Aboriginal ‘caring for country’ programmes throughout Australia.
Population-size effects on seeds and seedlings from fragmented eucalypt populations: Implications for seed sourcing for ecological restoration
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/BT06141
Abstract: Ecological restoration of degraded habitats is a major conservation activity requiring the collection of large amounts of native seed. Seed production and the genetic quality of seed may be influenced by properties of the source population, such as population size and fragmentation, potentially having an impact on restoration goals. We assessed the population-size effects on seed production and seedling performance in two Western Australian wheatbelt eucalypts, Eucalyptus salmonophloia F.Muell. and E. salubris F.Muell. Both species were historically widespread and dominant, but, as a consequence of land-clearing for agriculture, now exist as small, highly fragmented populations throughout the western half of their range. Given their former importance in the landscape, these species will be critical in ecological restoration of the region. We assessed small (n = 6–12) and large (n 200) remnant populations in a highly fragmented landscape and compared these to large unfragmented populations. Seed number per capsule was dependent on population size and fragmentation for E. salubris, but not for E. salmonophloia. Large, unfragmented populations of E. salubris produced more than twice the number of seeds per capsule (mean = 2.95) than small and/or fragmented populations. However, seed germination, seed weight, seedling survival and seedling vigour to 1 year were independent of population size or fragmentation in both species. Our results suggest that reduced population size and increased fragmentation can negatively affect pollen quantity and/or quality, thereby limiting seed production, although no fitness effects were observed post-seed maturation. We suggest that the relative absence of post-seed maturation fitness effects in these small fragmented populations are a consequence of (1) wide outcrossing resulting from long-distance dispersal of pollen by highly mobile birds among fragmented populations and/or (2) efficient pre- or post-zygotic selection against more homozygous zygotes within fruits so that only relatively outbred seeds mature. The consequences on seed collection for ecological restoration of reduced population size and increased fragmentation for these eucalypts may be fewer seeds for the same collecting effort, but no apparent fitness effects of mature seeds. However, caution should be exercised when harvesting seed from these smaller populations, as over-harvesting may have an impact on recruitment and hence long-term persistence.
A new phytogeographic map for the Southwest Australian Floristic Region after an exceptional decade of collection and discovery
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-2017
Australia Systematic Botany: Preface
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/SBV18N1_PR
GENETIC DIVERSITY AND THE CONSERVATION OF EUCALYPTUS-CRUCIS MAIDEN
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1071/BT9880447
Abstract: E. crucis Maiden occurs as small, isolated populations confined to granite outcrops in south-western Australia. The level and distribution of genetic ersity at 11 allozyme loci in 10 populations were estimated. Ten loci were polymorphic. However, many alleles were fixed in populations and occurred at low frequencies in others. The mean expected panmictic heterozygosity for populations was low when compared with tree species in general but similar to other tree species occurring in small, isolated populations. The level of population differentiation was high, as expected for small, isolated populations undergoing genetic fixation through genetic drift. The majority of the differentiation was attributable to between-population rather than between-subspecies differentiation. Analyses of allozyme data suggest that the mating system of E. crucis may be adapted to maintain ersity within populations by selection favouring heterozygous, presumably outcrossed progeny. The optimal strategy for the conservation of the genetic resources of E. crucis and other eucalypts with similar distribution patterns is considered in the light of this and previous studies.
TEMPORAL VARIATION IN ALLELE FREQUENCIES IN THE POLLEN POOL OF EUCALYPTUS-RHODANTHA
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1990
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.1990.87
Orchid biogeography and factors associated with rarity in a biodiversity hotspot, the Southwest Australian Floristic Region
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-11-2010
Primary pollinator exclusion has divergent consequences for pollen dispersal and mating in different populations of a bird-pollinated tree
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-10-2019
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.15264
Abstract: Pollination by nectarivorous birds is predicted to result in different patterns of pollen dispersal and plant mating compared to pollination by insects. We tested the prediction that paternal genetic ersity, outcrossing rate and realized pollen dispersal will be reduced when the primary pollinator group is excluded from bird-pollinated plants. Pollinator exclusion experiments in conjunction with paternity analysis of progeny were applied to Eucalyptus caesia Benth. (Myrtaceae), a predominantly honeyeater-pollinated tree that is visited by native insects and the introduced Apis mellifera (Apidae). Microsatellite genotyping at 14 loci of all adult E. caesia at two populations (n = 580 and 315), followed by paternity analysis of 705 progeny, revealed contrasting results between populations. Honeyeater exclusion did not significantly impact pollen dispersal or plant mating at Mount Caroline. In contrast, at the Chiddarcooping site, the exclusion of honeyeaters led to lower outcrossing rates, a threefold reduction in the average number of sires per fruit, a decrease in intermediate-distance mating and an increase in near-neighbour mating. The results from Chiddarcooping suggest that bird pollination may increase paternal genetic ersity, potentially leading to higher fitness of progeny and favouring the evolution of this strategy. However, further experimentation involving additional trees and study sites is required to test this hypothesis. Alternatively, insects may be effective pollinators in some populations of bird-adapted plants, but ineffective in others.
Phylogenomics shows lignotuber state is taxonomically informative in closely related eucalypts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2019.03.016
Abstract: Plant taxa can be broadly ided based on the mechanisms enabling persistence through whole-crown disturbances, specifically whether in iduals resprout, populations reseed, or both or neither of these mechanisms are employed. At scales from species through to communities, the balance of disturbance-response types has major ramifications for ecological function and bio ersity conservation. In some lineages, morphologically identical populations except for differences in a disturbance-response trait (e.g. ± lignotuber) occur, offering the opportunity to apply genetic analyses to test whether trait state is representative of broader genetic distinctiveness, or alternatively, variation in response to local environmental conditions. In eucalypts, a globally-significant plant group, we apply dense taxon s ling and high-density, genome-wide markers to test monophyly and genetic ergence among pairs of essentially morphologically-identical taxa excepting lignotuber state. Taxa differing in lignotuber state formed discrete phylogenetic lineages. Obligate-seeders were monophyletic and strongly differentiated from each other and lignotuber-resprouters, but this was not the case for all lignotuber-resprouter taxa. One lignotuber state transition within our s le clade was supported, implying convergence of some non-lignotuber morphology characters. Greater evolutionary rate associated with the obligate-seeder disturbance-response strategy offers a plausible explanation for these genetic patterns. Lignotuber state is an important taxonomic character in eucalypts, with transitions in lignotuber state having contributed to the evolution of the exceptional ersity of eucalypts in south-western Australia. Differences in lignotuber state have evolved directionally with respect to environmental conditions.
Isoetes eludens (Isoetaceae), a new endemic species from the Kamiesberg, Northern Cape, South Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2009
Molecular data confirm the affinities of the south-west Australian endemic Granitites with Alphitonia (Rhamnaceae)
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.2307/4117693
Plant mineral nutrition in ancient landscapes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-09-2011
Update on generic and specific nomenclature in Paracaleana (Drakaeinae), Caladeniinae and a new name in Caladenia (Orchidaceae)
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 10-12-2019
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00919
Monocotyledonous geophytes: comparison of south-western Australia with other areas of mediterranean climate
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/BT02067
Abstract: Recent data on monocotyledonous geophytes from south-western Australia are compiled and compared with those from other areas of mainly mediterranean climate, especially California, Chile and Victoria, Australia. South-western Australia has a high monocot geophyte ersity of 496 species (7% of an estimated native flora of 7100 vascular species), like Victoria (12%) and the Cape region (14%). As in Victoria, orchids are by far the most important group, with c. 400 species, including those likely to be described once ongoing taxonomic research is completed. South-western Australia has higher geophyte numbers than Victoria in all families considered, but a lower geophyte percentage because of a much higher vascular species total. Among south-western Australian non-orchid geophytes, as in Victoria, the most common storage organ is tuberous roots, followed by corms then bulbs and rhizomes, whereas in California bulbs are by far the most common. The presence of microgeophytes with seed-like storage organs is a special feature seen in several phylogenetically unrelated lineages in the south-western Australian and Victorian geophytic flora, especially on granite outcrops. Divergent phylogenetic history is undoubtedly a major factor underlying striking differences between the monocot geophytes of mediterranean Australia, California, Chile, South Africa and Mediterranean countries. Further studies, particularly on the last two regions, will enable better elucidation of these patterns.
Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 04-12-2020
DOI: 10.3897/PHYTOKEYS.169.57996
Abstract: Based on extensive herbarium, field, botanical illustration, and molecular phylogenetic research, five genera and eight species are recognised for the Neotropical Haemodoraceae. New taxa include Cubanicula Hopper et al., Xiphidium pontederiiflorum M.Pell. et al. and Schiekia timida M.Pell. et al. Two new combinations are made, Cubanicula xanthorrhizos (C.Wright ex Griseb.) Hopper et al. and Schiekia silvestris (Maas & Stoel) Hopper et al. We also correct the author citation for Xiphidium , provide the necessary typifications for several names and present an updated identification key, comments, and photo plates for all species. Finally, we provide high-quality illustrations for most of the recognised species and their diagnostic characters.
Data from: Paternity analysis reveals wide pollen dispersal and high multiple paternity in a small isolated population of Eucalyptus caesia (Myrtaceae)
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.5061/DRYAD.43RV3
OCBIL theory
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-04-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAB038
Abstract: This paper is an introduction to the special issue of the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society entitled OCBIL theory: a new science for old ecosystems. Firstly, we elaborate on the origins and development of OCBIL theory, which argues that landscape age, climatic buffering and soil fertility are key environmental dimensions shaping ecological and evolutionary processes across different scales. We then consider the 21 contributions made in this special issue in terms of cutting edge advances in the Southern Hemisphere that test, explore and apply aspects of OCBIL theory at the end of its first decade of formal publication. More attempts at refutation are urged, as untested aspects remain controversial. Lastly, a concluding discussion is offered on promising new lines of enquiry to develop the theory further and ensure its global application to pressing conservation issues facing biological and cultural ersity. Although OCBILs are absent or rare in much of the postglacial and periglacial Northern Hemisphere, we demonstrate, in south-west Europe and North America, starting with California, that they are likely to be found, thus extending the implications and applications of OCBIL theory in new directions. We also propose that, in many ways, Noongar Aboriginal cosmology from south-west Australia has developed sophisticated insights about ancient uplands that are precursors to key ideas in OCBIL theory.
Phosphorus-mobilization ecosystem engineering: the roles of cluster roots and carboxylate exudation in young P-limited ecosystems.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 13-06-2012
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCS130
Pollination ecology and the possible impacts of environmental change in the Southwest Australian Biodiversity Hotspot
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 12-02-2010
Abstract: The Southwest Australian Bio ersity Hotspot contains an exceptionally erse flora on an ancient, low-relief but edaphically erse landscape. Since European colonization, the primary threat to the flora has been habitat clearance, though climate change is an impending threat. Here, we review (i) the ecology of nectarivores and biotic pollination systems in the region, (ii) the evidence that trends in pollination strategies are a consequence of characteristics of the landscape, and (iii) based on these discussions, provide predictions to be tested on the impacts of environmental change on pollination systems. The flora of southwestern Australia has an exceptionally high level of vertebrate pollination, providing the advantage of highly mobile, generalist pollinators. Nectarivorous invertebrates are primarily generalist foragers, though an increasing number of colletid bees are being recognized as being specialized at the level of plant family or more rarely genus. While generalist pollination strategies dominate among insect-pollinated plants, there are some cases of extreme specialization, most notably the multiple evolutions of sexual deception in the Orchidaceae. Preliminary data suggest that bird pollination confers an advantage of greater pollen movement and may represent a mechanism for minimizing inbreeding in naturally fragmented populations. The effects of future environmental change are predicted to result from a combination of the resilience of pollination guilds and changes in their foraging and dispersal behaviour.
Inselberg floristics exemplify the coast to inland OCBIL transition in a global biodiversity hotspot
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-01-2021
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA188
Abstract: We examined the floristics of granitoid inselbergs in the hitherto poorly documented south-eastern region of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) and adjacent Great Western Woodlands, addressing several hypotheses of OCBIL (old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes) theory. We found exceptional taxon richness (1550 taxa on 89 inselbergs, with 58 well-s led inselbergs and 1493 taxa chosen for detailed analyses). Granite inselberg endemism declined towards the arid inland, although taxon richness did not. OCBILs are likely to be found up to 500 km inland, not ~300 km as previously hypothesized. Hybrids were extremely rare on the 58 inselbergs analysed, whereas rare species, including singletons, were abundant. Conversely, exotic weeds were less common than in the whole SWAFR flora (8.2% vs 12.8%). Granite plant communities were distributed in bands parallel to the south coast, approximating the general transition from the Esperance and Boylya Floristic Districts across the SWAFR boundary north into the Arid Zone’s Great Western Woodlands. Positive correlations were found between several plant life forms and inselberg area. There was a decrease from the coast inland for most life forms, except for annual and graminoid herbs that increased in taxa inland. Thus, inselberg floristics exemplify the coast-to-inland OCBIL transition in this global bio ersity hotspot.
Plant conservation at the crossroads
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-2011
DNA fingerprinting of Eucalyptus graniticola: a critically endangered relict species or a rare hybrid?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1997
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.1997.159
Special issue: Genetics and conservation of Australian flora - Preface
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/BTV48N3_PR
Abstract: Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened bio ersity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
A BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE KANGAROO PAWS, ANIGOZANTHOS AND MACROPIDIA (HAEMODORACEAE)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1980
DOI: 10.1071/BT9800659
Abstract: Seed set, seed germlnatlon and hybrld pollen fertilltles following controlled pollinations of 4828 flowers were investigated in the 12 species of kangaroo paws to assess taxonomlc and evolutionary relationships, document breeding systems and explore the potential and limitations in syntheesizing horticulturally desirable hybrlds in the group. All species except Anigozanthos flavidus set few seeds on selfing relative to numbers set on intrapopulational crossing, and thus were predominantly outbreeding. Interpopulational crossing barriers in A humilis were usually non-existent. In A. viridis they occurred between races in a geographical pattern consistent wtth the occurrence of the Wallace Effect (reproductive character displacement) In A. bicolor they were complex and generally uncorrelated wlth interpopulational distances or morphological (racial) ergence, while in A. manglesii they were associated consistently wlth racial differences. Interspecific crosses involving 79 species combinations and 215 population combinations invariably revealed crossing barriers more potent than those seen in intraspecific crosses. The biosystematic data support the taxonomic conclusions that Anigozanthos and Macropidra are genetically isolated genera, that recognition of just two sections (Anigozanthos and Hapianthesis) represents the best subgeneric classification of Anlgozanthos and that members of the A. bicolor-A. gabrielae, A viridis, A humilis-A kalbarriensis and A rufus-A pulcherrimus groups each constitute distinct species rather than intraspecific taxa The majority of Interspecific F1 hybrids were found to succumb to fungal attack, snail predation and/or inappropriate watering within 2 or 3 years of cultivation Hybrids of A. flavidus appeared to be the most vigorous, long-lived and floriferous, and probably are the most suitable for large-scale horticultural development
Exploring rock fissures: does a specialized root morphology explain endemism on granite outcrops?
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-01-2012
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCR322
Biogeography of Caladenia (Orchidaceae), with special reference to the South-west Australian Floristic Region
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/BT08157
Abstract: Caladenia contains 376 species and subspecies, of which almost all are endemic to temperate and southern semiarid Australia. Eleven species occur in New Zealand, 10 of which are endemic, and one species is widely distributed in eastern Australia and the western Pacific. Only three species occur in both south-western and south-eastern Australia. At subgeneric level, Drakonorchis is endemic to the South-west Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR), Stegostyla to eastern Australia and New Zealand, whereas three subgenera, Calonema, Phlebochilus and Elevatae occur on both sides of the Nullarbor Plain. Subgenus Caladenia is primarily eastern Australian but also extends to the western Pacific. The largest subgenera (Calonema and Phlebochilus) have radiated extensively, with Calonema exhibiting a greater concentration of species in more mesic parts of the SWAFR than Phlebochilus. Within the SWAFR, the major biogeographic ision within Caladenia follows the 600-mm isohyet. Within rainfall zones, biogeographic districts for Caladenia correlate with a combination of underlying geology and surface soils. Areas of high endemism contain erse edaphic environments. Climatic and edaphic requirements are likely to be key drivers of rarity in Caladenia, although these parameters may be acting in concert with mycorrhizal and pollinator specificity.
First Nations’ interactions with underground storage organs in southwestern Australia, a Mediterranean climate Global Biodiversity Hotspot
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11104-022-05524-Z
Abstract: Underground storage organs (USOs) have long featured prominently in human diets. They are reliable year-round resources, especially valuable in seasonal climates. We review a significant but scattered literature and oral recounts of USOs utilised by Noongar people of the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR). USOs are important to First Nations cultures in other geophyte-rich regions with Mediterranean climate, with specialist knowledge employed, and productive parts of the landscape targeted for harvest, with likely ecological interactions and consequences. We have gathered Noongar knowledge of USOs in the SWAFR to better understand the ecological role of Noongar -USO relationships that have existed for millennia. We estimate that 418 USO taxa across 25 families have Noongar names and/or uses. Additionally, three USO taxa in the SWAFR weed flora are consumed by Noongar people. We found parallels in employment of specific knowledge and targeted ecological disturbance with First Nations’ practice in other geophyte-rich floristic regions. We found that only in 20% of cases could we identify the original source of recorded USO knowledge to an acknowledged Noongar person. This review identified that traditional Noongar access to USOs is taxonomically and geographically extensive, employing specific knowledge and technology to target and maintain resource rich locations. However, we also found a general practice of ‘extractive’ documentation of Noongar plant knowledge. We identify negative implications of such practice for Noongar people and SWAFR conservation outcomes and assert ways to avoid this going forward, reviving Noongar agency to care for traditional Country.
Taxonomic turmoil down-under: recent developments in Australian orchid systematics
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-04-2009
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCP090
Robert Brown's Caladenia revisited, including a revision of its sister genera Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia (Caladeniinae: Orchidaceae)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/SB03002
Abstract: Nomenclatural confusion has been generated regarding the large Australasian terrestrial orchid genus Caladenia following publication from 2001 onwards of three major treatments of Caladeniinae. Here, we review concepts for Caladenia and allied genera in the subtribe, we revise three sister genera of Caladenia (Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia), and we present an annotated nomenclatural checklist with many new synonymies and some new combinations. A revised circumscription of ten genera in the Caladeniinae is presented, including both Adenochilus and Eriochilus, which have recently been segregated as monogeneric subtribes by others. We argue for retaining Caladenia in the broad sense, largely reflecting Robert Brown's original concept, differing only in the recognition as genera of Cyanicula, Pheladenia, and Leptoceras, as well as two monotypic genera not known to Brown but later described as species of Caladenia (Praecoxanthus and Ericksonella). Thus Caladenia remains a large Australasian genus of terrestrial orchids with 243 species and six subgenera. This approach maximises nomenclatural stability while ensuring that hypothesised monophyly is upheld in the light of molecular phylogenetics analyses. The valid type for Caladenia is C. carnea, while that for Caladenia sect. Calonema is C. longicauda. The genus Jonesiopsis and generic combination Phlebochilus (Benth.) Szlach. were validly published. These conclusions call into question many recently erected taxa and combinations of other authors. Synonyms of Caladenia include Arachnorchis, Calonemorchis, Drakonorchis, Jonesiopsis, Petalochilus, Phlebochilus and Stegostyla. Pentisia is a synonym of Cyanicula. Calonema (Lindl.) Szlach. and Calonema (Lindl.) D.L. Jones and M.A. Clem. are invalid generic combinations as the name Calonema had already been used for a fungal genus. New taxa described herein include Ericksonella, Cyanicula subgenus Trilobatae, C. aperta, C. ixioides subsp. candida, × Cyanthera and × C. glossodioides. New combinations include Caladenia subgenus Stegostyla (D.L. Jones and M.A. Clem.) Hopper and A.P. Br., C. graniticola (Hopper and A.P. Br.) Hopper and A.P. Br., C. saccata (R.S. Rogers) Hopper & A.P. Br., C. orientalis (G.W. Carr) Hopper & A.P. Br., and C. villosissima (G.W. Carr) Hopper & A.P. Br., and Ericksonella saccharata (Reichb.f.) Hopper and A.P.Br.
Plant mating system dynamics in restoration
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2022
DOI: 10.1111/REC.13609
Abstract: Ecological restoration is addressing the challenge of bio ersity conservation in landscapes where native vegetation has been extensively cleared. Reestablishing ecological interactions that support self‐sustainable populations plays an essential role in restoration efforts. For animal‐pollinated plant species, comparing mating system dynamics within restoration populations with natural remnant populations can inform the progress of restoration activities. We assessed mating system parameters, seed weight, invertebrate floral visitors, and genetic ersity for two restoration populations and two native reference remnant populations of the animal‐pollinated, woody shrub/tree, Hakea laurina (Proteaceae) in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region. There was no difference in outcrossing rates between the two sites (restoration and reference populations combined) or treatments (sites combined). However, one restoration population showed significantly lower outcrossing that was correlated with reduced seed weight, greater inbreeding, and significantly lower invertebrate richness and abundance compared to its nearby remnant population. In contrast, in the other restoration population, all measures were comparable to the reference remnant population. Local genetic ersity available in remnant populations was captured in both restoration populations. Limitations to pollinator services may be affecting mating patterns and potentially population fitness, in a younger restoration population with reduced proximity to remnant vegetation, which has a tall coplanted overstorey species and spatially aggregated in iduals. We highlight these aspects of restoration populations as important areas of ongoing research that will impact the reestablishment of ecological interactions, and the assessment of mating system dynamics as a valuable tool to inform the current progress of restoration activities.
An introduction to Caladenia R.Br. Australasias jewel among terrestrial orchids
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/BTV57N4TOC
Platysace (Apiaceae) of south-western Australia: Silent story tellers of an ancient human landscape
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 31-03-2020
DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLAA035
Abstract: High gene flow and a population structure corresponding to human rather than geographical drivers are likely to be genetic patterns of human-dispersed plant taxa. We examined variation in geographical structure and gene flow estimates based on three non-coding regions of plastid DNA in three south-west Australian members of the Platysace genus to identify whether a human influence on dispersion of utilized taxa was detectable. Edible tubers of Platysace deflexa and Platysace trachymenioides have been harvested historically by Noongar traditional owners, whereas Platysace effusa has no known cultural significance. We found differences between utilized and non-utilized taxa, particularly when considered against the generally complex phylogeographical patterning in south-west Australian plant taxa. Platysace effusa showed a pattern of high population ergence, low gene flow and multiple refugia, consistent with a long evolutionary history, past climatic oscillations and persistence in a highly fragmented landscape. In contrast, higher gene flow estimates, less ergence between populations and common haplotypes in P. deflexa and in P. trachymenioides over the south-eastern part of its range are consistent with anthropogenic influences. This study contributes to the understanding of human influences on south-west Australian plant taxa that have been present since the late Pleistocene, but to date have received little scientific attention.
Rapid Characterisation of Vegetation Structure to Predict Refugia and Climate Change Impacts across a Global Biodiversity Hotspot
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-01-2014
ASSORTATIVE POLLINATION BY RED WATTLEBIRDS IN A HYBRID POPULATION OF ANIGOZANTHOS LABILL (HAEMODORACEAE)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1978
DOI: 10.1071/BT9780335
Abstract: The specificity and spatial pattern of foraging movements of red wattlebirds (Anthochaera carunculata) were studied in a hybrid population of Anigozanthos manglesii D. Don and A. humilis Lindl in the shire cemetery at Gingin, W.A. Differences in phenology, nectar production, stem height and floral dimensions between F1 hybrids and the two parental Anigozanthos species were also documented to assess their influence on foraging behaviour and interspecific pollen flow. The red wattlebirds showed a 97 % fidelity for A. humilis at its seasonal peak in August 1976 and, a month later, an equally strong fidelity (97 %) for A. manglesii at its seasonal peak. Interspecific foraging movements constituted only 1.2% of the total of 925 observed during these two study periods. The spatial distribution of flowering in iduals and plant stature appeared to be principal factors determining assortative pollination, presumably because of their influence on the energetics of foraging. It is suggested that the observed nearest-neighbour foraging pattern results in spatial restrictions on pollen flow and may be responsible for the confinement of hybrids to ecotonal zones where the parental species grow intermixed. Gene exchange between species is also restricted by differences in pollen deposition/retrieval sites arising from the ergent floral structures of A. hurnilis and A. rnanglesii. It is proposed that honeyeaters have generated strong selective pressures influencing the stature, floral structure and phenology of these kangaroo paws.
Pseudanthium development in Calycopeplus paucifolius, with particular reference to the evolution of the cyathium in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae-Malpighiales)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/SB08010
Abstract: The morphology and development of flowers and pseudanthia of Calycopeplus paucifolius are described in detail in the context of recent molecular phylogenies of the tribe Euphorbieae and a recent comparative developmental analysis of other taxa within this tribe. Calycopeplus resembles subtribes Neoguillauminiinae and Anthosteminae in some respects (dichasial formation of male flowers within male partial inflorescences, late formation of a constriction in male and female flowers and early formation of a female perianth), but resembles Dichostemma (subtribe Anthosteminae) in possessing only four male partial inflorescences. Calycopeplus and all other Euphorbieae possess only three carpels, except Dichostemma, which has four carpels per female flower. The studied species differs from the closely related Neoguillauminia cleopatra (subtribe Neoguillauminiinae) in that only four nectaries are formed, situated on the rim of the cuplike involucre (in Neoguillauminia 8–10 nectaries arise directly from the base of the pseudanthium). In contrast to all other studied Euphorbieae with trimerous gynoecia, the unpaired carpel of C. paucifolius is oriented in an upper/adaxial position (it lies in the lower/abaxial position in all other studied taxa). On the basis of these results we discuss possible pathways of cyathium evolution and the role of the cyathium as a possible key innovation within Euphorbieae. ‘Calycopeplus is as perfect an ex le of a connecting link as a morphologist may wish for.’ (Croizat 1937, p. 404)
Genetic diversity and the insular population structure of the rare granite rock species, Eucalyptus caesia Benth
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1071/BT9830161
Abstract: There are 15 populations of E. caesia Benth. on granite rocks in south-westem Australia which include a total of about 2120 plants. The level of genetic variation at 18 allozyme loci in 13 populations was estimated. Seven loci were monomorphic for all plants assayed. At a majority of the 11 polymorphic loci the level of polymorphism was very low in most populations. Within populations the mean number of alleles per locus was 1.31 and the genetic ersity 6.8%. However, populations differed markedly in allelic frequencies at a number of loci. The genetic ersity within populations was remarkably low for a tree species but the level of population differentiation was the highest reported for any tree species. The data suggest that genetic drift may in part have been responsible for the low overall genetic ersity and the extensive population differentiation. The optimal strategies for conservation of the genetic resources of this valuable ornamental are considered in the light of the results of this study.
Indigenous Knowledge, Aspiration, and Potential Application in Contemporary Fire Mitigation in Southwest Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10745-022-00359-9
Abstract: Protection of bio ersity, human assets, and cultural heritage pose significant challenges to contemporary planning of bushfire mitigation activities. Current mitigation approaches are not always appropriate, and mismanagement is a source of distress for Indigenous peoples. Increased understanding of Indigenous fire knowledge and increased Indigenous participation may provide insight into more appropriate and inclusive land management for fire mitigation. We analysed contemporary Noongar and Western fire practitioner approaches within an Indigenous fire knowledge (IFK) framework to explore knowledge and aspirations for small reserves in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) global bio ersity hotspot. We recorded an extensive knowledge base, characterised by a highly nuanced approach to burning, held by the Noongar coauthors. We explore potential approaches to applying this knowledge to build collaborative fire mitigation strategies with mutually beneficial outcomes for bio ersity, cultural heritage, and human assets.
Australia's wasp-pollinated flying duck orchids revised (Paracaleana : Orchidaceae)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/SB05020
Abstract: We uphold the generic rank of Paracaleana on the basis of its ergent pollination syndrome (sexual deception of male thynnid wasps compared with pollination of Caleana by male sawflies), recent DNA sequence data demonstrating monophyly, and nomenclatural stability. Ten of the 13 species recognised herein are new, all endemic to the South-west Australian Floristic Region: Paracaleana alcockii, P. brockmanii, P. dixonii, P. gracilicordata, P. granitica, P. hortiorum, P. lyonsii, P. parvula, P. terminalis and P. triens. Although some of these taxa have subtle morphological differences, primarily of labellum morphology, evidence from other Australian orchid genera whose flowers sexually deceive wasp pollinators indicates that reproductive isolation is probable among close sister taxa in Paracaleana. Moreover, phenological, ecological and geographical differences help separate morphologically close sister taxa. P. disjuncta D.L. Jones is considered to extend from Victoria and South Australia west into the South-west Australian Floristic Region, where James Drummond first collected the species, probably in 1838. Additional research is needed on pollinators, molecular phylogeny, possibly undescribed taxa within P. nigrita and on the few putative hybrids identified in the genus.
Plant conservation for the next decade: A celebration of Kew's 250th anniversary
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2010
The mating system and genetic diversity of the Australian arid zone mallee, Eucalyptus rameliana
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/BT9950461
Abstract: Estimates of parameters of the mixed mating model were made for three populations of the bird-pollinated arid zone eucalypt, Eucalyptus rameliana F. Muell. Levels of outcrossing ((t) over cap) varied significantly between populations from mixed mating with substantial selfing ((t) over cap = 0.54) to almost completely outcrossed ((t) over cap = 0.95). Comparison of single-locus and multilocus estimates suggested that the drop in outcrossing was due to increased self-pollination. The lowest outcrossing rate was attributed to the reduced ability of a population with low numbers of buds to attract bird pollinators. Outcrossing rates in E. rameliana are proposed to be a more direct reflection of pollination than estimates made for mass flowering, i.e. small-fruited eucalypts. The distribution of allozyme ersity in E. rameliana also appeared to reflect the impact of bird pollinators in promoting gene flow as well as the species capacity for outcrossing and introgression. Levels of ersity were comparable with other eucalypts, but the proportion of ersity between populations (GST = 9.2%) was only about half the mean for other eucalypts. Genetic distances between populations were low, but there was same significant differentiation of populations which was attributed to non-random bird migrations. The importance of bird pollination in the mating system and the distribution of genetic ersity in E. rameliana emphasises that enough habitat to support nomadic birds should be preserved in order to conserve this eucalypt species.
Plant mineral nutrition in ancient landscapes: High plant species diversity on infertile soils is linked to functional diversity for nutritional strategies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2010
Plant science research in botanic gardens
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF ACACIA IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1978
DOI: 10.1071/BT9780063
Abstract: Distributions of the 373 described and c. 113 undescribed species of Acacia occurring in Western Australia were plotted on state maps ided into 1° latitude by 1.5° longitude grids. The number of species per grid was determined, and species richness was shown to be highest along the inland eastern margin of the South-West Botanical Province. Minor centres of richness were found associated with mountainous areas of the Pilbara Region, Desert Region and Northern Botanical Province. It is proposed that the centres of species richness have been foci of recent evolutionary ergence and also refugia favouring the persistence of some relict forms. It is suggested that recent speciation has been promoted by recurrent migration, extinction and isolation of populations as a result of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and their erosional consequences in climatically transitional areas. An analysis of the distribution of selected closely related species groups occurring in a range of habitats throughout Western Australia indicates that geographical isolation has played an important role in speciation in the genus.
Validation of the name Caladenia serotina (Orchidaceae)
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 15-04-2002
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00380
Modelling the impact of canker disease and fire regimes on the population dynamics and extinction risk of the Critically Endangered and granite endemic shrub Banksia verticillata R.Br.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 28-06-2021
DOI: 10.1071/BT20156
Abstract: Landscape-level processes such as fire regimes, increasing disease prevalence and a drying climate are emerging threats affecting plant groups such as the Proteaceae. Using field derived empirical data and a population simulation model we investigated population-level impacts of canker diseases and contemporary fire regimes on the threatened shrub and granite outcrop endemic Banksia verticillata R.Br. We found the persistence of B. verticillata on granite inselbergs is strongly influenced by fire frequency and extent, as well as the prevalence of canker disease. For populations where canker is present but having a relatively lower impact none of the fire scenarios resulted in extinction over the 100-year simulation, but all scenarios resulted in population decline with the magnitude of the effect increasing with fire frequency and extent (proportion of plants killed). In contrast, higher impact canker disease scenarios resulted in rapid population declines and potential extinction. Small increases in inter-fire adult survival reduced the rate of decline in populations with relatively low canker infestation. Research is urgently needed to understand the role that a warming and drying climate in the South-west Australian Floristic Region may have on the epidemiology of canker disease and the feasibility and effectiveness of treating in iduals with appropriate fungicides.
Sidney Herbert James 1933-1998
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/BTV48N3_OB
Abstract: Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened bio ersity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
Human Niche Construction: Noongar Evidence in Pre-colonial Southwestern Australia
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.4103/CS.CS_16_75
Worldwide destruction of inselbergs and related rock outcrops threatens a unique ecosystem
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-09-2016
A new type of specialized morphophysiological dormancy and seed storage behaviour in Hydatellaceae, an early-divergent angiosperm family
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-03-2010
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCQ062
Response to Keeley et al.: Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
Elevation of Eucalyptus gardneri subsp. ravensthorpensis, and notes on relationships between obligate-seeder and resprouter members of subseries Levispermae (Myrtaceae)
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 15-10-2019
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00927
Little evidence for fire-adapted plant traits in Mediterranean climate regions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2010.10.007
Abstract: As climate change increases vegetation combustibility, humans are impacted by wildfires through loss of lives and property, leading to an increased emphasis on prescribed burning practices to reduce hazards. A key and pervading concept accepted by most environmental managers is that combustible ecosystems have traditionally burnt because plants are fire adapted. In this opinion article, we explore the concept of plant traits adapted to fire in Mediterranean climates. In the light of major threats to bio ersity conservation, we recommend caution in deliberately increasing fire frequencies if ecosystem degradation and plant extinctions are to be averted as a result of the practice.
CLADISTIC AND PHENETIC ANALYSES OF PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AMONG POPULATIONS OF EUCALYPTUS-CAESIA
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1071/BT9830035
Abstract: Numerical cladistic and phenetic analyses were undertaken on allozyme and morphometric data from 11 populations of the south-western Australian granite rock mallee Eucalyptus caesia. Differing minimum-length Wagner networks were obtained from both the continuous and binary coded allozyme and morphometric data sets. Pooling the continuous allozyme and morphometric data sets, or analysing the morphometric data set alone, gave the most biogeographically parsimonious networks. These analyses suggest that, of the two subspecies of E. caesia, magna is monophyletic while caesia is paraphyletic. Magna probably was derived from an ancestral population of caesia to which the extant Yanneymooning Hill caesia population shares the closest phylogenetic relationship. The most western caesia population bears the closest affinity to the putative ancestor of the species as a whole, and a sequence of increasingly derived caesia populations occurs eastwards, as does the derived subspecies magna. In most cases, equally plausible and largely congruent phylogenetic reconstructions were obtained using either cladistic or phenetic analyses of the same data sets in E. caesia. The possible occurrence of interpopulational hybridization between neighbouring populations and of differential rates of allozyme and morphometric character state changes may have introduced errors in the phylogenetic reconstructions obtained by cladistic and phenetic methods.
Variation in plant diversity in mediterranean‐climate ecosystems: the role of climatic and topographical stability
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12429
Contributions to Western Australian orchidology: 1. History of early collections, taxonomic concepts and key to genera
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 21-09-2001
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00364
THE MATING SYSTEM AND POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE IN A BIRD-POLLINATED MALLEE, EUCALYPTUS-RHODANTHA
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1038/HDY.1989.112
Comparative longevity and low-temperature storage of seeds of Hydatellaceae and temporary pool species of south-west Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/BT10011
Abstract: The comparative longevity of seeds of species from the early-angiosperm group, Hydatellaceae, along with other temporary wetland aquatics from the South-west Australian Floristic Region were tested under standard experimental storage conditions. In contrast to recent hypotheses proposing that seeds from basal angiosperm species may be short-lived in storage, seeds of the Hydatellaceae species (Trithuria submersa Hook.f. and T. austinensis D.D.Sokoloff, Remizowa, T.Macfarlane and Rudall) were longer-lived than the other temporary wetland aquatic species tested. Seeds of Glossostigma drummondii Benth. (Scrophulariaceae), Myriophyllum petreaum Orchard and M. balladoniense Orchard (Haloragaceae), lost viability quickly and are thus predicted to be short-lived in seed bank storage. To assist seed bank conservation programs, the effect of seed moisture content on the viability of seeds stored for 1, 6 and 12 months at −18°C or in vapour phase cryopreservation (−150°C) was determined. Seeds of all species survived storage at both temperatures for up to 12 months, provided seed equilibrium relative humidity was below ~50%. Given the high conservation value of Hydatellaceae species and the potential short-lived nature of seeds of some of the species, we recommend that ex situ conservation programs for these aquatic species should consider cryopreservation as a means to maximise the longevity of their seeds.
Contributions to Western Australian orchidology: 2. New taxa and circumscriptions in Caladenia
Publisher: Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions
Date: 21-09-2001
DOI: 10.58828/NUY00365
Threat syndromes and conservation of the Australian flora
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Natural hybridization in the context of Ocbil theory
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
How well do phylogenetic studies inform the conservation of Australian plants?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/BT99027
Abstract: Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened bio ersity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.
Molecular phylogenetics of Haemodoraceae in the Greater Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Regions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2008.11.015
Abstract: Molecular phylogenetic studies of Haemodoraceae in the Greater Cape and Southwest Australian Floristic Region (SWAFR) using trnL, trnL-F and matK sequence data affirm the presence of old and young rapidly radiated lineages in both regions. Commencement of tribal and generic ergence in the subfamilies occured in the Eocene in the two regions, but subsequent patterns of radiation differ slightly. The hypothesis of rapid recent speciation in these regions from the late Pliocene as the major explanation for endemic species richness is still repeated by several contemporary authors despite increasing molecular phylogenetic evidence to the contrary. Our estimates of the age of lineages in Haemodoraceae show significant lineage turnover occurring over the last 15 million years, since the mid-Miocene, with ergence of the major clades beginning in the Eocene. The search for independent evidence to date speciation episodes reliably and investigation of molecular analyses across a broad spectrum of these clades must be pursued to advance ideas rigorously concerning origins of species richness. These regions continue to confound attempts to develop theory concerning origins of global species richness, with consequent implications for conservation biology.
Biodiversity hotspots and Ocbil theory
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2015
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