ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0251-7479
Current Organisations
Monash University
,
University of Oxford
,
University of Manchester
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1988
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 31-10-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 14-12-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ROIE.12366
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2021
Abstract: The economic shocks experienced by the UK economy in the 1970s brought major changes in the spatial distribution of employment rates in the UK. This paper traces the long-run implications of these changes, suggesting that they were highly persistent and to a large extent shape current UK regional disparities. Most of the Local Authority Districts that experienced large negative shocks in the 1970s had high deprivation rates in 2015, and they constitute two-thirds of all districts with the highest deprivation rates. We conclude that neither economic adjustment processes nor policy measures have acted to reverse the effect of negative shocks incurred nearly half a century ago.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1998
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1093/OXREP/GRX035
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1987
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2010
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2003
Publisher: International Growth Centre
Date: 21-10-2022
DOI: 10.35489/BSG-IGC-WP_2022/026
Abstract: Climate change has presented cities with new challenges and opportunities for improving their liveability. If well-managed, cities offer both adaptation and mitigation benefits, as well as sustainable development opportunities, that other forms of living cannot.
Publisher: The International Growth Centre
Date: 20-11-2022
DOI: 10.35489/BSG-IGC-WP_2022/027
Abstract: As the transition to a net zero global economy takes hold, there will be new opportunities for growth across a wide range of urban industries and services. City governments in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia need to proactively plan how they will leverage this to deliver on local productivity and job creation objectives.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-1993
DOI: 10.2307/2298065
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1994
Publisher: American Economic Association
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1257/JEP.30.1.161
Abstract: Developing economies have found it hard to use natural resource wealth to improve their economic performance. Utilizing resource endowments is a multistage economic and political problem that requires private investment to discover and extract the resource, fiscal regimes to capture revenue, judicious spending and investment decisions, and policies to manage volatility and mitigate adverse impacts on the rest of the economy. Experience is mixed, with some successes (such as Botswana and Malaysia) and more failures. This paper reviews the challenges that are faced in successfully managing resource wealth, the evidence on country performance, and the reasons for disappointing results.
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 05-1996
DOI: 10.2307/2527327
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1996
Publisher: European Regional Science Association
Date: 11-05-2018
Abstract: This paper reviews recent work on the economics of fast growing developing country cities, with a focus on Africa. It sets out some of the broad facts about African urbanisation and summarises two recent pieces of research work. The first argues that coordination failure can create multiple equilibria and ergent paths of development, some in which cities are internationally competitive and able to create jobs, others in which cities are stuck in a ‘nono-tradables trap’. The second is a dynamic model of city growth, calibrated to changing patterns of land-use in Nairobi the calibration suggests a very high cost of inefficient land use in the context of urban slums.
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-ECONOMICS-080511-111003
Abstract: Many countries have failed to use natural resource wealth to promote growth and development. They have been damaged by the volatility of revenues and have failed to save a sufficiently high proportion of their resource revenues and failed to make high-return investments to support ersification of their economies. This review explores the reasons for these failures and discusses policies to improve performance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1996
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1997
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-12-2011
DOI: 10.1093/JEG/LBQ040
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2002
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF02706012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-02-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2003
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1093/OXREP/6.3.18
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1999
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1093/OXREP/GRU024
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1988
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 09-07-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-09-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1991
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1996
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-05-2010
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Date: 2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1982
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2010
Publisher: Oxford University PressOxford
Date: 03-02-2005
DOI: 10.1093/0199278636.001.0001
Abstract: Drawing on data from 25 countries from all regions of the world, this book addresses questions that have become very important in recent years, as the spatial dimensions of inequality have begun to attract considerable policy interest what is spatial inequality? Why does it matter? And what should be the policy response to it? In China, Russia, India, Mexico, and South Africa, as well as in most other developing and transition economies, spatial and regional inequality – of economic activity, incomes, and social indicators – is on the increase. Spatial inequality is a dimension of overall inequality, but it has added significance when spatial and regional isions align with political and ethnic tensions to undermine social and political stability. Also important in the policy debate is a perceived sense that increasing internal spatial inequality is related to greater openness of economies and to globalization in general. Despite these important concerns, there is remarkably little systematic documentation of what has happened to spatial and regional inequality over the last twenty years. Correspondingly, there is insufficient understanding of the determinants of internal spatial inequality.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-07-2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-1982
DOI: 10.2307/2232441
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 20-05-2016
Abstract: The literature views many African cities as dysfunctional with a hodgepodge of land uses and poor "connectivity." One driver of inefficient land uses is construction decisions for highly durable buildings made under weak institutions. In a novel approach, we model the dynamics of urban land use with both formal and slum dwellings and ongoing urban redevelopment to higher building heights in the formal sector as a city grows. We analyze the evolution of Nairobi using a unique high-spatial resolution data set. The analysis suggests insufficient building volume through most of the city and large slum areas with low housing volumes near the center, where corrupted institutions deter conversion to formal sector usage.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1995
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.2307/2554616
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1990
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2020
Abstract: Economic adjustment to trade and policy shocks is h ered by the fact that some sectors tend to cluster, so are hard to initiate in new places. This can give rise to persistent spatial disparities between cities within a country. The paper sets out a two-sector model in which cities ide into those producing tradable goods or services subject to agglomeration economies, and those only producing non-tradables for the national market. If import competition destroys some established tradable sectors, then affected cities fail to attract new tradable activities and switch to just produce non-tradables. Full employment is maintained (we assume perfect markets and price flexibility) but disparities between the two types of cities are increased. All non-tradable cities experience real income loss, while remaining tradable cities boom. The main beneficiaries are land-owners in remaining tradable cities, but there may be aggregate loss as the country ends up with too many cities producing non-tradables, and too few with internationally competitive activities. Fiscal policy has opposite effects in the two types of cities, with fiscal contraction causing decline in cities producing non-tradables, increasing activity in cities producing tradable goods, widening spatial disparities, and in the process increasing the share of rent in the economy.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-06-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2005
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-1995
DOI: 10.2307/2946642
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Publisher: CAIRN
Date: 11-03-2009
DOI: 10.3917/EDD.234.0005
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1999
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 29-09-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1997
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-12-2018
DOI: 10.1093/JEG/LBX043
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-01-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1985
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1996
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1093/OXREP/GRW016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2006
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Date: 08-2012
DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-RESOURCE-110811-114526
Abstract: Natural resources account for 20% of world trade and dominate the exports of many countries. Policy is used to manipulate both international and domestic prices of resources, yet policy is largely outside the disciplines of the WTO. The instruments used include export taxes, price controls, production quotas, and domestic producer and consumer taxes (equivalent to trade taxes if no domestic production is possible). We review the literature and argue that the policy equilibrium is inefficient. This inefficiency is exacerbated by market failure in long-run contracts for the exploration and development of natural resources. Properly coordinated policy reforms offer an avenue to resource-exporting and resource-importing countries to overcome these inefficiencies and to obtain mutual gains.
Publisher: UNHabitat
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.35489/BSG-IGC-WP_2022/5
Abstract: The case of Mzuzu illustrates how secondary cities, where revenues are often incredibly low and capacity is minimal, can innovate and lead the way on municipal finance reform. Mzuzu is Malawi’s third largest city. The focus of this case study is a simple and fit-for capacity property valuation system that increased realised revenues seven-fold between 2013 and 2018:1 The Revenue Mobilisation Programme (REMOP). Although the programme was initially seen to be a success, several serious misgivings continue to inhibit further progress. These centre on legal barriers in the current property valuation process in Malawi. More broadly, issues such as revenue pilferage, lack of capacity for financial anagement, land ownership disputes between spheres of government, and national rural bias continue to prevent Mzuzu from achieving a sustainable financial position. For development partners, the ex le of Mzuzu provides a stark reminder of the vital importance of widespread stakeholder engagement and caution for legal obstacles in order to achieve sustainable project success. It also illustrates the potential of using smaller cities, with more flexibility and somewhat strong incentives for reform, as a useful starting point to trial new revenue enhancement innovations. The Development Fund for Local Authorities (DFLA), a special entity set up for small and low-cost loans to local governments in Malawi, also presents an interesting model for further exploration. By helping local authorities through the process of lending, they are building local government creditworthiness and enabling them to develop systems for future debt finance. Malawi’s cities, being some of the poorest in the world and in a country with relatively low level of urbanisation, are still at the beginning of the development curve. This early stage brings numerous challenges that are yet to be faced as well as an enormous opportunity to learn from the mistakes and successes of other cities in similar contexts. The cities are still at the critical juncture where they can invest in the urban infrastructure essential for livability and productivity before mass settlement takes place.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 23-09-2003
Abstract: This paper uses bilateral trade data for OECD countries at the 3-digit industry level to investigate the geography of intra-industry trade (IIT). IIT diminishes with distance and much of the existing empirical literature suggests that this is an inherent characteristic of such trade, arguing that trade in sectors intensive in IIT is choked off rapidly by distance. We show that the dependence of IIT on geography arises not because of any inherent feature of the effects of distance on such trade, but because of the spatial structure of countries’ supply and demand characteristics close countries do a lot of IIT because they have similar economic structures.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 02-09-2008
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199548477.003.0041
Abstract: This article discusses economic geography and aims to outline some of the main issues and ideas found in this emergent field. It looks at the implications and patterns of development in the world economy, as well as in urban systems. The final section in the article attempts to answer why this topic is considered important for students of political economy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1990
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-01-2011
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2004
DOI: 10.1017/S147474560400206X
Abstract: The two papers in this special issue both look at the problems that small economies face in participating in the world trading system. For Winters and Martins (W& M) small means small in population they motivate their analysis with reference to the 82 countries with the smallest population, accounting collectively for less than 0.5% of world population. Many of these countries are also remote, making trade costly. For Mattoo and Subramanian (M& S) the focus is on countries that are small and poor their list covers the 73 countries which each account for less than 0.05% of world imports and which also have low income. They investigate the engagement of these countries in the WTO. My comments will address both papers, although focus on W& M.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2004
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-1999
DOI: 10.1177/016001799761012280
Abstract: This comment on Gallup, Sachs, and Mellinger welcomes their research on economic geography and calls for further work to identify the underlying sources of geographical advantage and disadvantage.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-1998
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-05-2008
DOI: 10.1093/WBRO/LKN007
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 26-11-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1093/OXREP/GRT016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1989
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 05-2002
DOI: 10.2307/3502978
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1984
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2009
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 28-10-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2002
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-1995
DOI: 10.2307/2235112
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 03-02-2011
Publisher: UNHabitat
Date: 03-0002
DOI: 10.35489/BSG-IGC-WP_2022/2
Abstract: The city of K ala in Uganda provides an illustrative ex le of how institutional and administrative reform, without widespread policy change, can generate substantial increases in municipal revenues. Through the implementation of more efficient digitalised systems, attracting higher capacity staff, and a focus on the ‘citizen as a client’, the city has managed to increase own-source revenues three-fold from UGX 30 billion (US$8.2 million) in 2010/11 to UGX 90 billion (US$25 million) in 2018/191, as well as crowd in more central government and donor funds. These reforms were made possible by strong leadership, a political window to act, and strong support from development partners. What was striking was the administration’s reflection that its most significant success was not in doing something new, but rather in doing its job as it is meant to be done. Furthermore, the reforms contributed to achieving an investment-grade credit rating in 2015, creating the potential for increased funding opportunities for large-scale investments in the future. This, coupled with recent regulatory change to remove the previously restrictive 10 per cent cap on borrowing, provides promising new avenues for attracting investments. However, a number of stakeholders noted concerns that, despite overcoming regulatory hurdles, the city is still not equipped with the capacity to develop bankable plans and projects. For development partners, the ex le of K ala highlights the need for collaboration to build capacity, both in reforming systems and in designing implementable strategies and bankable projects worthy of external finance. However, concerns around the way development finance skews prioritisation of projects, as well as the difficulties in providing for ongoing maintenance which are often not accounted for in development partner investments, were also highlighted.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-1985
Publisher: UNHabitat
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.35489/BSG-IGC-WP_2022/3
Abstract: The city of Dakar is one of the only cities in Africa to come close to taking a municipal bond to market. The US$40 million bond, set to launch in 2014, was designed to fund a new market hall for informal traders in the city. The market would relocate more than 4,000 street vendors, with the aim of moving them from side streets into a safe and central place to sell their goods, with access to credit agencies and other market services. Development partners, including the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the World Bank’s Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility (PPIAF), Cities Alliance, and USAID, played a crucial role in making the bond terms viable – both in shouldering the financial burden of developing internal creditworthiness, and in providing expertise and guarantees to reduce the risk. Although the bond’s launch was ultimately stopped by national government decree, the process of preparing for the bond has greatly improved the financial management capabilities and creditworthiness of the city. As a result, Dakar’s bond journey is still paying idends to the city today, with a number of successful concessional and commercial loans. The process also deepened the city’s connection with its residents – with small bond denominations, informal traders were one of the key investors. The motivation for the bond was in part due to the city’s lack of control over its financial resources. While the most recent decentralisation law amendment, Acte III de la Décentralisation of 2013, has seen many responsibilities devolved to the local level, finances to deliver on this new mandate have not followed. In fact, all revenue and expenditure for local governments in Senegal are processed at the national level, leaving little room or incentive for financial reform. Surprisingly, despite this, the law gives local governments relative independence in taking on debt. This meant that when Mayor Sall came into office with a vision for change, the only viable financing opportunity within the city of Dakar’s control was via the latter. This legislated independence is also the reason why the halting of the bond was so heavily contested. The city of Dakar provides an ex le of the importance of the political landscape in effecting any innovative reforms, as well as the need for the national government to buy-in to the fact that successful cities are in their interest as well. This is particularly critical in Dakar’s case, given the city’s finances are managed at the national level. Fortuitously, the national government is now beginning to focus on improving local revenues, primarily through property taxes, as well as better coordination amongst different stakeholders through a dedicated department and the ‘Local Fiscality Commissions’ described below.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for anthony venables.