ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5379-9907
Current Organisation
University of Utah
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12890-021-01547-X
Abstract: Although depression is a common comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the role of sex remains unexplored. We evaluated sex differences of risk factors of depressive symptoms in adults with COPD. This was a population-based cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 and 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Spirometry was used to identify patients with COPD, defined as a FEV 1 /FVC ratio 0.7. Presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a total score ≥ 5 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. 17.8% of participants expressed depressive symptoms. Relative regression analysis revealed that female sex (RR 2.38 95% CI 1.55–3.66 p 0.001), living alone (RR 1.46 95% CI 1.08–1.97 p = 0.013), current smoker (RR 1.70 95% CI 1.15–2.52 p = 0.008), underweight (RR 1.58 95% CI 1.00–2.49 p = 0.049), and GOLD Stage III/IV (RR 1.92 95% CI 1.19–3.09 p = 0.007) were the risk factors for depressive symptoms. Low income, living alone, multiple chronic disorders, and low BMI were risk factors of depressive symptoms in male, whereas low educational attainment, urban living, and current smoking were risk factors in female. Female sex is a main risk factor of depressive symptoms in adults with COPD. As risk factors of depressive symptoms in COPD patients vary according to their sex, different approaches are needed to manage depression in males and females with COPD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2021.11.009
Abstract: Research in Asian cultures regarding the association between employment status and health has been limited. The current study investigated the association between depression and employment status in Korea, moderated by gender. Data from the 2014, 2016, and 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analysed. In total, 11,157 participants aged ≥ 19 years responded to the survey. The Korean version of the PHQ-9 was utilised in addition to questions assessing employment status. Precarious employment indicated a greater prevalence of depression in comparison to permanent employment (14.9% vs 10.8%, p < 0.001 22.6% vs 20.2%, p < 0.001). Precariously employed men were 1.40 times more likely to have depression (adjusted Odds Ratio (OR): 1.40 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.15-1.70 p= 0.001) while no such association existed among women (adjusted OR: 1.06 95% CI: 0.89-1.27 p= 0.493). The subgroup analyses revealed that men working day shifts in a precarious employment were 1.48 times more likely to be depressed than those with permanent employment. In contrast, precarious employed women working night shifts were 2.13 times more likely to be depressed than those permanently employed counterparts. Current research did not investigate the causality of the variables hence was unable to identify whether employment instability from precarious engagements preceded the onset of depression. These findings suggest gender can independently modify the relationship between employment stability and depression, as well as in association with additional variables - including work shift type and income.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-03-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41746-023-00800-3
Abstract: Despite research into the development of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (dCBT-I), research into the outcomes of dCBT-I on insomnia and the associated clinical conditions of depression and anxiety have been limited. The PubMed, PsycINFO (Ovid), Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on adult patients with insomnia also having reported measures of depressive or anxiety symptoms. In total, 2504 articles were identified after duplicate removal, and 22 RCTs were included in the final meta-analysis. At the post-treatment assessment, the dCBT-I group had a small to moderate effect in alleviating depressive (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.42 95% CI: −0.56, −0.28 p 0.001 k = 21) and anxiety symptoms (SMD = −0.29 95% CI: −0.40, −0.19 p 0.001 k = 18), but had a large effect on sleep outcome measures (SMD = −0.76 95% CI: −0.95, −0.57 p 0.001 k = 22). When considering treatment adherence, the treatment effects of those in the high adherent groups identified a more robust outcome, showing greater effect sizes than those in the low adherent groups for depression, anxiety, and sleep outcomes. Furthermore, additional subgroup analysis on studies that have used the fully automated dCBT-I treatment without the support of human therapists reported significant treatment effects for depression, anxiety, and sleep outcomes. The results demonstrated that digital intervention for insomnia yielded significant effects on alleviating depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as insomnia symptoms. Specifically, the study demonstrated significant effects on the above symptoms when considering treatment adherence and implementing fully automated dCBT-I.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 22-05-2023
DOI: 10.2196/45543
Abstract: The Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Insomnia Severity Index-2 (ISI-2) are screening assessments that reflect the past 2-week experience of depression and insomnia, respectively. Retrospective assessment has been associated with reduced accuracy owing to recall bias. This study aimed to increase the reliability of responses by validating the use of the PHQ-2 and ISI-2 for daily screening. A total of 167 outpatients from the psychiatric department at the Yongin Severance Hospital participated in this study, of which 63 (37.7%) were male and 104 (62.3%) were female with a mean age of 35.1 (SD 12.1) years. Participants used a mobile app (“Mental Protector”) for 4 weeks and rated their depressive and insomnia symptoms daily on the modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 scales. The validation assessments were conducted in 2 blocks, each with a fortnight response from the participants. The modified version of the PHQ-2 was evaluated against the conventional scales of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised. According to the sensitivity and specificity analyses, an average score of 3.29 on the modified PHQ-2 was considered valid for screening for depressive symptoms. Similarly, the ISI-2 was evaluated against the conventional scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and a mean score of 3.50 was determined to be a valid threshold for insomnia symptoms when rated daily. This study is one of the first to propose a daily digital screening measure for depression and insomnia delivered through a mobile app. The modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 were strong candidates for daily screening of depression and insomnia, respectively.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2022.05.103
Abstract: We aimed to investigate associations of unclean cooking fuels with depression and anxiety symptoms in a large s le of adults aged ≥65 years from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Unclean cooking fuel referred to kerosene araffin, coal/charcoal, wood, agriculture/crop, animal dung, and shrubs/grass. Depression referred to DSM-IV depression based on past 12-month symptoms or receiving depression treatment in the last 12 months. Anxiety symptoms referred to severe/extreme problems with worry or anxiety in the past 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted. Data on 14,585 people aged ≥65 years were analyzed [mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.5) years maximum age 114 years 55.0% females]. After adjustment for potential confounders, unclean cooking fuel was associated with a significant 2.52 (95%CI = 1.66-3.82) times higher odds for depression with a low level of between-country heterogeneity (I 1. Cross-sectional design. 2. Self-reported measures. 3. No information about outdoor pollution exposure, personal exposure, and smoke composition of different cooking fuels. Unclean cooking fuel was significantly associated with higher odds for depression, but not anxiety, with little observed variability between settings. Findings from the present study provide further support and call for action in appropriate implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Goal 7, which advocates affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/HEALTHCARE10071189
Abstract: With the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients suffering from depression is rising around the world. It is important to diagnose depression early so that it may be treated as soon as possible. The self-response questionnaire, which has been used to diagnose depression in hospitals, is impractical since it requires active patient engagement. Therefore, it is vital to have a system that predicts depression automatically and recommends treatment. In this paper, we propose a smartphone-based depression prediction system. In addition, we propose depressive features based on multimodal sensor data for predicting depressive mood. The multimodal depressive features were designed based on depression symptoms defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The proposed system comprises a “Mental Health Protector” application that collects data from smartphones and a big data-based cloud platform that processes large amounts of data. We recruited 106 mental patients and collected smartphone sensor data and self-reported questionnaires from their smartphones using the proposed system. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the proposed system’s prediction of depression. As the test dataset, 27 out of 106 participants were selected randomly. The proposed system showed 76.92% on an f1-score for 16 patients with depression disease, and in particular, 15 patients, 93.75%, were successfully predicted. Unlike previous studies, the proposed method has high adaptability in that it uses only smartphones and has a distinction of evaluating prediction accuracy based on the diagnosis.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2022.06.015
Abstract: Several studies have reported an association between anemia and depression. However, whether anemia is independently associated with depression remains controversial. The current study aimed to investigate the association between anemia and depression according to sex in a large national s le population. Data from the 2014, 2016, and 2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed, and 15,472 participants were included in this study. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level <13 g/dL in men and <12 g/dL in women. We defined a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10 as depression and ≥5 as mild depressive symptoms. The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in women with anemia than in women without anemia (8.9 % vs. 7.0 %, P = 0.036). In women, anemia was significantly associated with depression after adjusting all covariates in multilevel logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 1.37 95 % confidence interval, 1.08-1.75 P = 0.011). However, no significant association was observed in men. There is a limit to explaining the causal direction, and several factors may not have been considered as confounders. Also, patients with severe diseases were excluded from data acquisition. A structured diagnostic interview, other than the self-report method, was not conducted. The findings of this study suggest that anemia is associated with depression in women but not in men. A decrease in tissue oxygenation, deterioration of physical performance due to anemia, and altered monoamine synthesis due to malnutrition may have an effect on depression.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-95383-Y
Abstract: Research regarding the association between depression and exercise has been limited regarding precariously employed in iduals. The current study investigated the association between exercise variations and depressive symptoms among precarious employees in South Korea. Data from the 2014, 2016, and 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were analyzed. In total, 13,080 participants aged ≥ 19 years responded to the survey. The Korean version of the PHQ-9 was utilized in addition to questions assessing regular exercise. Precariously employed men engaging in two or more variations of exercise each week were significantly less likely to report depressive symptoms (adjusted (OR): 0.78 95% CI 0.62–0.97 p = 0.025), and the likelihood of depression was also lower for women who engaged in one or more forms of exercise (adjusted OR: 0.82 95% CI 0.71–0.94 p = 0.006). These findings support the association between depression and exercise and suggest that greater variations in regular exercise are associated with a reduction in depression for men whereas any form of exercise reduces the risk of depression in women.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-01-2022
Abstract: Accumulating research indicates that handgrip strength is associated with cognitive function. Studies have also shown the difference in cognitive decline between males and females. We investigated the association between baseline handgrip strength and later cognitive function in older adults according to sex using the dataset from Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006–2018). Overall, 9707 observations of 1750 participants (989 males and 761 females) over 65 years of age were s led from the first wave, followed by six consecutive waves. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and baseline handgrip strength scores were assessed. Sociodemographic and health-related variables were also included as covariates in the multivariable linear mixed models. Males in the lowest quartile of the baseline handgrip strength decreased in cognitive function (β = −0.54, standard error (SE) = 0.16, p 0.001), compared to males in the highest quartile. For females, those in the second lowest quartile (β = −0.65, SE = 0.19, p 0.001) and the lowest quartile (β = −0.53, SE = 0.19, p 0.01) decreased in cognitive function. Handgrip strength may be positively associated with later cognitive function, but the association may be non-linear and differ between sexes. Sex-specific preventive assessment of handgrip strength may help identify older adults at risk for cognitive impairment.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 17-01-2023
Abstract: he Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) and Insomnia Severity Index-2 (ISI-2) are screening assessments that reflect the past 2-week experience of depression and insomnia, respectively. Retrospective assessment has been associated with reduced accuracy owing to recall bias. his study aimed to increase the reliability of responses by validating the use of the PHQ-2 and ISI-2 for daily screening. total of 167 outpatients from the psychiatric department at the Yongin Severance Hospital participated in this study, of which 63 (37.7%) were male and 104 (62.3%) were female with a mean age of 35.1 (SD 12.1) years. Participants used a mobile app (“Mental Protector”) for 4 weeks and rated their depressive and insomnia symptoms daily on the modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 scales. The validation assessments were conducted in 2 blocks, each with a fortnight response from the participants. The modified version of the PHQ-2 was evaluated against the conventional scales of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Korean version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale–Revised. ccording to the sensitivity and specificity analyses, an average score of 3.29 on the modified PHQ-2 was considered valid for screening for depressive symptoms. Similarly, the ISI-2 was evaluated against the conventional scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and a mean score of 3.50 was determined to be a valid threshold for insomnia symptoms when rated daily. his study is one of the first to propose a daily digital screening measure for depression and insomnia delivered through a mobile app. The modified PHQ-2 and ISI-2 were strong candidates for daily screening of depression and insomnia, respectively.
No related grants have been discovered for Jae Won Oh.