ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7045-832X
Current Organisations
University of Adelaide
,
University of Otago
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2010.08.007
Abstract: A scale to measure adult decisional balance to eat more fruits and vegetables was developed and confirmed, and its psychometric properties were assessed. Two simple random s les of adults ages 25-60 years were selected from a nationally representative s ling frame. The development survey had a 72% response rate (n = 231). The confirmation survey had a 67.4% response rate (n = 2132). In both surveys, a self-administered questionnaire assessed demographics, fruit and vegetable intakes, stages of change, and decisional balance. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. The decisional balance scale had three reliable subscales: "health pros," "non-health pros," and "cons." Model fit was adequate for a "pros" and "cons" hierarchical structure. For both fruits and vegetables, health pros increased significantly between precontemplation and contemplation stages, surpassing the cons. Non-health pros increased significantly between precontemplation and contemplation fruit stages, surpassing the cons in preparation stage. Between precontemplation and action stages, health pros increased (mean effect size = 0.90 [fruit] and 0.80 [vegetables]) and cons decreased (mean effect size = 0.27 [fruit] and 0.35 [vegetables]). Heterogeneity in this s le may have diluted these effect sizes. This decisional balance scale is valid and reliable.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 14-10-2016
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.5861
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 27-05-2020
DOI: 10.2196/17310
Abstract: Anecdotally, vegetarian eating patterns seem to be increasing in parallel with growing concerns about environmental sustainability. While this pattern of eating is widely believed to be associated with benefits for the planet and in idual health, it may increase the risk of inadequate intakes and nutrient deficiency if not planned carefully. Adolescent girls may be particularly at risk, as they have increased requirements for nutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin B12 during growth and development. The objective of the SuNDiAL Project (Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment, and Lifestyles) is to compare the dietary intakes and habits, nutrition status, motivations, attitudes, and physical activity of a s le of vegetarian and nonvegetarian adolescent girls in New Zealand. A clustered, cross-sectional, nationwide study of adolescents aged 15-18 years was conducted. Secondary schools were recruited throughout New Zealand, and pupils (n=290) were invited to participate in data collection in either the first (February to April) or third (August to October) school term of 2019 (New Zealand schools operate on a 4-term year). Sociodemographic and health information vegetarian status dietary habits and attitudes, motivations, and beliefs regarding food choices were assessed via an online self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intakes were collected via two 24-hour diet recalls on nonconsecutive days and will be adjusted for within-person variation using the Multiple Source Method, to represent usual intakes. Nutrient adequacy will be assessed by the estimated average requirement cut-point method or probability approach as appropriate. Height and weight were measured, and blood and urine s les collected for micronutrient status assessment. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to assess 24-hour activity patterns (time spent asleep, sedentary, or engagement in light-intensity or moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity). Recruitment and data collection were conducted in 2019. Data are currently being cleaned and analyzed, with publication of the main results anticipated at the end of 2020. The SuNDiAL Project will provide a meaningful and timely description of diet, nutrition status, and motivational factors associated with vegetarianism and identify any risks this pattern of eating may pose for female adolescents. The results of this study will support the development of targeted recommendations and interventions aimed at enhancing the health, growth, and development of adolescent girls. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000290190 aumh278 DERR1-10.2196/17310
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2010.09.008
Abstract: Four brief food frequency questionnaires were developed and validated to measure an adult's usual daily intake of fruit or vegetable servings over the past month. Fifty males and 50 females, aged 25-52 years, completed two fruit instruments, two vegetable instruments, and a dietary history (the reference method). In idual agreement and group mean estimation were assessed. The 5-item fruit instrument and the 15-item vegetable instrument performed best. At an in idual level, the 5-item fruit instrument had 64% sensitivity and 88% specificity for assessing goal attainment (≥ 2 fruit servings/day), while the 15-item vegetable instrument had 67% sensitivity and 82% specificity for measuring goal attainment (≥ 3 vegetable servings/day). At a group level, the 15-item vegetable instrument closely estimated mean intake (ratio of geometric means=0.94), while the 5-item fruit instrument overestimated mean intake by 32%. Nevertheless, when it was used to rank participants, reference method fruit servings increased across the quartiles of intake. These two instruments can be used to assess goal attainment. This vegetable instrument can also be used to estimate group mean intakes, while the fruit instrument can be used to rank participants. Used appropriately, these instruments can be used for screening, monitoring, and evaluation purposes in New Zealand public health and clinical settings.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 04-12-2019
Abstract: necdotally, vegetarian eating patterns seem to be increasing in parallel with growing concerns about environmental sustainability. While this pattern of eating is widely believed to be associated with benefits for the planet and in idual health, it may increase the risk of inadequate intakes and nutrient deficiency if not planned carefully. Adolescent girls may be particularly at risk, as they have increased requirements for nutrients such as iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin B12 during growth and development. he objective of the SuNDiAL Project (Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment, and Lifestyles) is to compare the dietary intakes and habits, nutrition status, motivations, attitudes, and physical activity of a s le of vegetarian and nonvegetarian adolescent girls in New Zealand. clustered, cross-sectional, nationwide study of adolescents aged 15-18 years was conducted. Secondary schools were recruited throughout New Zealand, and pupils (n=290) were invited to participate in data collection in either the first (February to April) or third (August to October) school term of 2019 (New Zealand schools operate on a 4-term year). Sociodemographic and health information vegetarian status dietary habits and attitudes, motivations, and beliefs regarding food choices were assessed via an online self-administered questionnaire. Dietary intakes were collected via two 24-hour diet recalls on nonconsecutive days and will be adjusted for within-person variation using the Multiple Source Method, to represent usual intakes. Nutrient adequacy will be assessed by the estimated average requirement cut-point method or probability approach as appropriate. Height and weight were measured, and blood and urine s les collected for micronutrient status assessment. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days to assess 24-hour activity patterns (time spent asleep, sedentary, or engagement in light-intensity or moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity). ecruitment and data collection were conducted in 2019. Data are currently being cleaned and analyzed, with publication of the main results anticipated at the end of 2020. he SuNDiAL Project will provide a meaningful and timely description of diet, nutrition status, and motivational factors associated with vegetarianism and identify any risks this pattern of eating may pose for female adolescents. The results of this study will support the development of targeted recommendations and interventions aimed at enhancing the health, growth, and development of adolescent girls. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619000290190 aumh278 ERR1-10.2196/17310
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2010
Abstract: Test the applicability of the transtheoretical model (TTM) to adult fruit/vegetable consumption. Cross-sectional random-digit dial survey. Hawaii. 700 (62.6% female age [mean ± SD], 47 ± 17.1 years education [mean ± SD], 14.6 ± 2.8 years 35.0% white, 31.1% Asian, 22.1% native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 11.8% other). Stages, processes, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and self-reported fruit/vegetable consumption. Confirmatory factor analysis tested the factor structure. Analyses of variance were used to explore stage differences in constructs. Stage distribution was precontemplation (33%), contemplation (4%), preparation (37%), action (3%), and maintenance (23%). A 10-factor process model with two higher-order correlated factors (experiential and behavioral) provided the best data fit (X 2 = 1446.12 df = 366 p .0001 comparative fit index [CFI] = .89 standardized root mean square residual [SRMR] = .05). The self-efficacy structure fit the data well (X 2 = 81.86 df = 9 p .0001 CFI = .94 SRMR = .04), as did the decisional balance structure (X 2 = 37.42 df = 19 = .007 CFI = .99 SRMR = .02). Processes, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and fruit/vegetable consumption behavior differed significantly by stage, with medium effect sizes for most variables. The variables revealed adequate fit to the theorized measurement models. TTM predictions regarding stage differences in self-efficacy, pros and cons, and fruit/vegetable consumption were confirmed however, most experiential and behavioral processes increased in the early stages and then leveled off.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-05-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015001548
Abstract: To conduct the first nationwide population survey to examine the associations between changes in speed of eating and weight gain over 3 years. The study also explored whether faster eating at baseline was related to healthy-weight women becoming overweight after 3 years. Longitudinal. At baseline, participants were randomly selected from a nationally representative s ling frame to participate in a prospective study. Women completed self-administered baseline questionnaires on demographic and health measures. Self-reported speed of eating, smoking status, physical activity, menopause status, and height and weight were collected at baseline and again 3 years later. Nationwide study, New Zealand. Women ( n 1601) aged 40–50 years were recruited at baseline from New Zealand electoral rolls. There was no evidence of associations between 3-year BMI adjusting for baseline BMI and either baseline speed of eating (slower and faster P =0·524) or change in speed of eating (consistently faster eating, consistently slower eating, slower eating at baseline but not at 3 years, faster eating at baseline but not at 3 years P =0·845). Of the 488 women with healthy BMI (18·5 to ·0 kg/m 2 ) at baseline, seventy-seven (15·8 %) became overweight (BMI≥25·0 kg/m 2 ) after 3 years. Compared with those who were slower eaters at baseline, faster eating at baseline did not increase the risk of becoming overweight 3 years later ( P =0·958) nor did change in speed of eating ( P =0·236). Results suggest that once women have reached mid-life, faster eating does not predict further weight gain.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2012.04.018
Abstract: The associations among people's level of autonomy in regulating their eating behaviors, food patterns, and degree of obesity have not been investigated in a general adult population. Our objectives were to cross-sectionally examine, in a nationally representative s le of adult New Zealand women, the associations between different styles of eating behavior regulation and body mass index (BMI), with specific food and eating habits as hypothesized mediators. During May 2009, a s le of 2,500 New Zealand women aged 40 to 50 years was randomly selected from the nationwide electoral rolls. A 66% (n=1,601) participation rate was achieved. Potential participants were mailed a self-administered questionnaire containing the Regulation of Eating Behavior scale, questions on specific food and eating habits (frequency of binge eating, speed of eating, usual daily servings of fruits and vegetables, usual frequency of intake of several high-fat and/or high-sugar foods), and height and weight. Univariate linear regression models were used to examine the associations among demographic, health and behavioral variables, and BMI. Multivariate linear regression models were developed to investigate the relationships between autonomous and controlled forms of eating behavior regulation and BMI, with specific food and eating habits as mediators. After adjusting for potential confounders as well as specific food and eating habits that were potential mediators, BMI was statistically significantly lower by 2% (95% CI -2.7% to -1.4% P<0.001) for every 10-unit increase in autonomous regulation, and statistically significantly higher by 1.4% (95% CI 0.4% to 2.3% P=0.005) for every 10-unit increase in controlled regulation. The relationships between autonomous regulation and BMI as well as controlled regulation and BMI were only partially mediated by the specific food and eating habits measured. Although the direction of causality requires confirmation, the results provide support for the applicability of Self-Determination Theory, and suggest that developing more autonomous motivation for eating behavior is likely to facilitate healthier food habits and lower BMI in middle-aged women.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1991
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2016.02.021
Abstract: The effectiveness of women's weight-control methods and the influences of dieting on eating behaviors remain unclear. Our aim was to determine the association of various weight-control methods at baseline with weight change to 3 years, and examine the association between baseline weight-control status (trying to lose weight, trying to prevent weight gain or no weight-control attempts) and changes in intuitive eating and binge eating at 3 years. A nationally representative s le of 1,601 New Zealand women (40 to 50 years) was recruited and completed a self-administered questionnaire at baseline regarding use of variety of weight-control methods. Information on demographic characteristics, weight, height, food habits, binge eating, and intuitive eating were collected at baseline and 3 years. Linear and logistic regression models examined associations between both weight status and weight-control methods at baseline and weight change to 3 years and baseline weight-control status and change in intuitive eating from baseline to 3 years and binge eating at 3 years. χ(2) tests were used to cross-sectionally compare food habits across the weight status categories at both baseline and 3 years. Trying to lose weight and the use of weight-control methods at baseline were not associated with change in body weight to 3 years. There were a few differences in the frequency of consumption of high-energy-density foods between those trying to lose or maintain weight and those not attempting weight control. Trying to lose weight at baseline was associated with a 2.0-unit (95% CI 0.7 to 3.4, P=0.003) reduction in intuitive eating scores by 3 years (potential range=21 to 105), and 224% (odds ratio=3.24 95% CI 1.69 to 6.20 P<0.001) higher odds of binge eating at 3 years. The apparent ineffectiveness of dieting and weight-control behaviors may reflect misconceptions about what constitutes healthy eating or energy-dense foods. Dieting may reduce women's ability to recognize hunger and satiety cues and place women at increased risk of binge eating.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2018.12.036
Abstract: Although intuitive eating (IE) interventions have consistently shown benefits for psychological wellbeing and some have shown improvements in physical wellbeing, there is scarce information on the relationship between IE and food intake. Given the popularity of IE as an alternative to dieting, it's important to explore its relationship with food intake. The relationships between IE, Body Mass Index (BMI), diet quality, self-evaluation of dietary intake and physical activity were investigated. A randomly selected s le of adults from the German and French-speaking parts of Switzerland (N = 5,238, 51% men, 20-100 years, BMI 15-62 kg/m
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1989
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-01-1993
Abstract: A random sub-s le of 153 elderly people was followed up 18 months after a large-scale random dietary survey of adults aged 65 years and over residing in Adelaide, South Australia. The follow-up questionnaire examined self-reported dietary and weight change over the 18 month period since the original study. The same semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire as used in the initial survey was also repeated. Challenging the common stereotype of rigidity and resistance to change in elderly people, a high degree of dietary change was reported since the original study (67% of men and 68% of women reported a change in diet), particularly among the 65-69 year age group (78%). The most commonly reported changes were largely in accord with dietary guidelines. Commonly reported changes included less frequent intake of red meat, eggs, fried and fatty foods and more frequent intake of vegetables, chicken and fish, as well as changes towards use of polyunsaturated margarine, no longer eating the fat on meat and no longer presoaking vegetables in water before cooking. Of concern was a change in some subjects to a less frequent consumption of milk or other dairy products.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-277X.2001.00295.X
Abstract: To investigate readiness to follow milk product consumption recommendations in two random s les of New Zealand women, using an algorithm designed and evaluated to assess the stage of change construct of the Transtheoretical Model. Women were classified according to stage of readiness to perform two goal behaviours: consumption of two or four servings of milk products per day. Stage classification, as determined by the algorithm, was evaluated by estimating mean calcium intake in each stage using a validated food frequency questionnaire. This was undertaken in two independent s les of women randomly selected from the electoral rolls of two cities in New Zealand's South Island. Over 60% of women were classified as maintaining an intake of two servings of milk products per day. Of those women not meeting the goal of two servings per day, 73% had no intention of increasing their consumption. Over 80% of women were in the precontemplation stage for consuming four servings of milk products per day. Mean calcium intakes were significantly higher in women classified in action and maintenance stages than in preaction stages of change for both goal behaviours. Of those women not currently meeting the recommendation for two servings of milk products per day, most are in precontemplation, a stage characterized by resistance to change. Use of the staging algorithm developed in this study makes possible the classification of women according to their readiness to change, and thus the provision of appropriate stage-tailored advice.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-277X.2001.00296.X
Abstract: To design and validate a scale to assess women's confidence to consume adequate servings of milk products. Using the electoral rolls as a s ling frame, two large random population surveys of women aged 25-70 years were conducted. The structure of the self-efficacy scale was explored in the first survey of 500 women, and the component structure was refined and confirmed in an independent s le of 1200 women. The final single component self-efficacy scale consisted of nine items to assess confidence to consume milk products in various situations. Confidence was higher in women who were already consuming adequate servings of milk products than in women who were not yet ready to consume adequate servings of milk products, providing construct validity for the scale. The data provide preliminary support for the validity of the self-efficacy scale. The potential usefulness of the scale in interventions designed to improve women's milk product consumption is discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1995
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.4278/AJHP.101215-ARB-401
Abstract: To examine if spatial access to healthy and unhealthy outlets comprising the local food environment was associated with fruit and vegetable consumption. Cross-sectional. Population-based s le residing in Hawaii. Three hundred and eighty-four adults (36% Asian-American, 33% non-Hispanic white, 31% other/mixed race). A spatial model of the local food environment was constructed using radial buffers extending from participants' place of residence. Fruit and vegetable intake was estimated using the National Cancer Institute Fruit and Vegetable All-Day Screener. Mean intakes of fruits and vegetables were compared for spatial access to total, healthy, and unhealthy food outlets at distances of .5 to 3.5 km. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate differences in fruit and vegetable intake for residing further from a food outlet or for residing in an area with a greater number of food outlets. Residing in an area with a greater density of total or healthy food outlets was associated with a higher mean intake of fruits and vegetables (p .05) at .5 km. No differences in mean intakes were detected for distances beyond .5 km or for regression models. Findings suggest that greater spatial accessibility to food outlets comprising the local food environment in Hawaii may not be meaningfully associated with fruit and vegetable consumption however, associations were detected for the smallest spatial scale examined, warranting further investigation.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.4278/AJHP.110516-QUAN-201
Abstract: To determine whether Transtheoretical Model (TTM) constructs differ between in iduals making successful versus unsuccessful stage transitions for consumption of five or more servings of fruit and vegetables each day and thus provide a useful basis for designing health promotion interventions. Longitudinal, observational study. A randomly selected, multiethnic cohort of adults assessed at 6-month intervals over 2 years. General community, Hawaii. There were 700 participants (62.6% female mean = 47 ± 17.1 years 31.1% Asian, 22.1% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 35.0% Caucasian 25.1% participation rate). Stage of readiness, experiential and behavioral processes of change, pros, cons, self-efficacy, and self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption. The study used t-tests to determine which TTM variable scores differed consistently between those making “successful” versus “unsuccessful” stage transitions from precontemplation, preparation, and maintenance. S le sizes for contemplation and action prohibited similar analyses. Compared to those remaining in precontemplation, in iduals successfully progressing from precontemplation showed significantly greater use of behavioral processes (collectively and self-liberation) and consciousness raising (p .001). However, only self-liberation demonstrated significant differences consistently over time. This longitudinal investigation reveals that TTM behavioral processes, particularly self-liberation, predict successful transition out of precontemplation for adult fruit and vegetable consumption, suggesting that public health messages tailored according to these TTM variables may be effective for this group. However, for adults prepared to adopt or maintain fruit and vegetable consumption, tailoring based on variables from other theories is needed.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-1993
DOI: 10.1079/BJN19930100
Abstract: Nutrient intakes estimated using a short self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were compared with results obtained from five 2 d diet records using household measures in a group of fifty-three elderly people (mean age 70 years) in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1989. Mean intakes for most nutrients were less than 5% different between the two methods. Correlations between the nutrient intake values (excluding supplements) from the diet records and those from the FFQ ranged from 0·34 for Zn in women to more than 0·75 for protein, Zn and Ca in men. For most nutrients, at least 70% of the subjects when classified by the food records fell into the same quintile or into the within-one- quintile category when classified by the FFQ. These data indicate that in elderly subjects a simple self- administered semi-quantitative FFQ can provide very similar information (for both group and in idual intakes for many nutrients) to that obtained from 10 d of careful diet recording.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-01-1991
Abstract: A questionnaire was sent to 230 elderly New Zealanders selected at random from the age/sex registers of medical practitioners to investigate their current usage and perceptions of nutrition information sources. The s le selected was representative of the New Zealand elderly population in terms of age, sex, and socioeconomic status distribution. Forty five per cent of respondents indicated they had obtained nutrition information in the past twelve months. Doctors (GP's) were the most common source of nutrition information--used by 20% of the respondents--and many also considered them to be the most reliable and trustworthy. Newspapers and magazines were considered to be the least reliable source of nutrition information. Approximately two thirds of respondents expressed a desire for more nutrition information p hlets and GP's were the favoured sources. This study suggests lower socioeconomic groups of elderly people are less receptive audiences for nutrition information. As other research indicates these elderly people are also at greater nutritional risk, reaching these groups present a major challenge to nutrition educators.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-04-2012
Abstract: Purpose. Examine associations between physical activity (PA) and spatial accessibility to environmental PA resources in Hawaii. Methods. Metabolic equivalents (METs) of mild, moderate, and strenuous PA were compared for accessibility with environmental PA resources within a population-based s le of Hawaiian adults (n = 381). Multiple linear regression estimated differences in PA levels for residing further from a PA resource or residing in an area with a greater number of resources. Results. No associations were found in the total s le. Analyses within subs les stratified by ethnicity revealed that greater spatial accessibility to a PA resource was positively associated with strenuous PA among Caucasians ( P = .04) but negatively associated with moderate PA among Native Hawaiians ( P = .00). Conclusion. The lack of association in the total s le may be a consequence of Hawaii’s unique environment. Results of stratified s le analyses are unique, providing groundwork for future examinations within parallel environments and among similar ethnic groups.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 22-12-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980009992977
Abstract: To determine factors which predict non-completion of group non-dieting interventions for overweight women, and to investigate whether completion improves outcomes. First, baseline predictors of non-completion were identified then changes at 10 weeks and 12 months were compared between completers and non-completers of 10-week non-dieting interventions. General community. Participants were 119 women (aged 25–65 years, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2 ) with at least one cardiovascular risk factor. Participants who attended at least eight of the ten sessions were classified as completers, and non-completers were those who attended fewer than eight sessions. Measures included BMI, blood pressure, psychological distress, lifestyle behaviours and eating self-efficacy. Logistic regression analyses indicated that women were less likely to be non-completers at non-dieting group programmes if, at baseline, they were more highly educated or had healthier nutrition behaviours (controlling for education). Only healthier nutrition behaviour was negatively associated with non-completion in the final model. Twelve months after the intervention, completers showed significantly greater improvements in body weight (mean change −0·53 kg), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (−6·3 and −4·1 mmHg, respectively), stress management behaviour score (+0·5) and psychotic symptoms score (−0·1) than non-completers (all P 0·05). Highly educated women already engaging in some healthier lifestyle choices were less likely to be non-completers in non-dieting group programmes. Since important treatment outcomes vary according to attendance, future trials of non-dieting interventions should report the effects of completion on outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1989
DOI: 10.1111/J.1532-5415.1989.TB02229.X
Abstract: The prevalence of dietary supplementation and its relationship to health and dietary habits was investigated in a random mail survey of 2,195 people aged 65 years and over in Adelaide, South Australia. Subjects were selected from the electoral rolls in an urban area, and 77% returned completed survey instruments. Thirty-five percent of men and 46% of women reported taking some form of supplement at least once a week regularly throughout the year (these are defined as "regular" supplementers). The most popular supplements (in descending order of popularity for the total group) were: unprocessed bran, wheatgerm, vitamin C, and multivitamins or minerals. Thirteen percent of men and 15% of women reported the use of supplements on an occasional basis (once every few months or "now and then")--these are defined as "irregular" or "occasional" supplementers. Supplement users did not differ from non-supplementers in their use of medical facilities or in the number of bouts of minor illness they had experienced in the preceding year. Regular supplement users had more favorable dietary habits and higher intakes of several vitamins, minerals, trace elements and fiber than either non-supplementers or occasional supplementers.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1995
Abstract: In a cross-sectional study of a total population aged 70 years and over in a rural New Zealand township (s le size 682) we investigated factors which characterize those who felt they had a great deal of control and those who felt they had little or no control over future health. In a significant logistic regression model those with a feeling of a great deal of control over future health had a lower prevalence of chronic obstructive lung disease, higher prevalence of diabetes, took less alcohol, were more likely to be satisfied with bowel function, had a lower protein intake, were more likely to participate in strenuous to moderate activity and were less likely to have features of depression. Different perceptions of control were associated with significant differences in health practices and health status.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2008.08.008
Abstract: To compare three non-dieting interventions that focused on lifestyle change rather than weight loss, in terms of the sustainability of improvements in lifestyle behaviors, psychological well-being and medical symptoms at 2 years. In Dunedin, New Zealand in 2002/2003, 225 obese/overweight women (BMI > or = 28 25-68 years) participated in a randomised, intention-to-treat trial comparing two group programs (P1, P2) and a self-guided mail-delivered program (P3). Only P1 included intensive relaxation response training. All three non-dieting interventions involved a 10-week program, followed by an eight-month support phase. Participants completed baseline, 1-year and 2-year assessments. Outcomes included behavioral, psychological and medical symptom measures and a composite success score. 118 participants completed the 2-year follow-up. Only among P1 participants were the reductions in psychological distress and medical symptoms achieved at 1 year, also maintained at 2 years. At 2 years, P1 participants had significantly greater increases in stress management behaviors than those in P2 (p<0.05), and significantly greater success scores than those in P3 (p<0.05). In all three programs, mean weight was unchanged at 2 years. Inclusion of relaxation response training in a healthy lifestyle program facilitates long-term maintenance of psychological and medical symptom improvements even in the absence of weight loss.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.4278/AJHP.100827-QUAN-290
Abstract: To examine whether residing in a community designed to promote physical activity moderates the relationship between parent perceptions of the neighborhood and general physical activity or active commuting to school in their children. Cross-sectional. San Bernardino County, California. Three hundred sixty-five families (one parent and one child in grades four through eight). Eighty-five reside in a smart growth community designed to be more conducive to physical activity. Parent perceptions assessed using the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS). General child physical activity was measured using accelerometers, and active commuting was self-reported by children. Two sets of regressions were performed: one for general physical activity, and one for active commuting. Separate models were run in the two sets for each of the 14 NEWS factors, while controlling for demographics. For general physical activity, walking infrastructure, lack of cul-de-sacs, and social interaction had significant main effect associations (p ≤ .05). No factors were moderated by community. The relationships between active commuting to school and perceived crime, traffic hazards, hilliness, physical barriers, cul-de-sac connectivity, aesthetics, and walking infrastructure were significant for those in the smart growth community only (p ≤ .05). Living in an activity-friendly environment is associated with positive relationships between parent perceptions and active commuting behaviors in children. Future interventions should account for both the perceived neighborhood environment and available physical activity infrastructure.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-04-1990
Abstract: Dietary intake and self-assessed chewing difficulty were examined in a postal survey of a random s le of 1000 people aged 65 years and over residing in Adelaide, South Australia, by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The response rate was 77 per cent. Fourteen per cent of the respondents reported poorly fitting dentures, and of these 35% reported difficulty in chewing. Dietary intake was largely independent of self-assessed chewing difficulty, although among women loss of chewing efficiency was associated with preference for sweet and soft foods. Dietary differences in people dissatisfied with their chewing ability appear likely to be subtle and qualitative (i.e., chopping hard foods into small pieces or cooking them for longer periods).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JADA.2011.05.012
Abstract: This study is the first nationwide population survey to explore the association between speed of eating and degree of obesity. The objective was to cross-sectionally examine the relationship between self-reported speed of eating and body mass index (BMI calculated as kg/m(2)) in a nationally representative s le of New Zealand women. In May 2009, a s le of 2,500 New Zealand women aged 40 to 50 years was randomly selected from the nationwide electoral rolls. A 66% participation rate was achieved. Potential participants were mailed a self-administered questionnaire containing questions on self-reported speed of eating, demographics, health conditions, menopause status, physical activity, height, and weight. Univariate models were used to examine the associations between demographic, health and behavioral variables, and BMI, while a multivariate model was developed to investigate the relationship between self-reported speed of eating and BMI. After adjusting for age, smoking status, menopause status, thyroid condition, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and physical activity, BMI statistically significantly increased by 2.8% (95% confidence interval: 1.5% to 4.1% P<0.001) for each category increase in self-reported speed of eating. Although the direction of causality requires confirmation in longitudinal and randomized intervention studies, the results suggest that faster eating is associated with higher BMI in middle-aged women.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2013
DOI: 10.1111/BJHP.12021
Abstract: Prior research has focused on the association between negative affect and eating behaviour, often utilizing laboratory or cross-sectional study designs. These studies have inherent limitations, and the association between positive affect and eating behaviour remains relatively unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the bidirectional relationships between daily negative and positive affective experiences and food consumption in a naturalistic setting among healthy young adults. Daily diary study across 21 days (microlongitudinal, correlational design). A total of 281 young adults with a mean age of 19.9 (± 1.2) years completed an Internet-based daily diary for 21 consecutive days. Each day they reported their negative and positive affect, and their consumption of five specific foods. Hierarchical linear modelling was used to test same-day associations between daily affect and food consumption, and next-day (lagged) associations to determine directionality. Moderating effects of BMI and gender were also examined in exploratory analyses. Analyses of same-day within-person associations revealed that on days when young adults experienced greater positive affect, they reported eating more servings of fruit (p = .002) and vegetables (p < .001). Results of lagged analysis showed that fruits and vegetables predicted improvements in positive affect the next day, suggesting that healthy foods were driving affective experiences and not vice versa. Meaningful changes in positive affect were observed with the daily consumption of approximately 7-8 servings of fruit or vegetables. Eating fruit and vegetables may promote emotional well-being among healthy young adults.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1992
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S12160-009-9113-8
Abstract: Predicting variation in meeting recommended levels of physical activity is important for public health evaluation. The purpose of this study is to determine the predictive value of stages of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) for classifying people who meet the US Healthy People 2010 guideline for regular physical activity. A cohort (N = 497) from a random, multiethnic s le of 700 adults living in Hawaii was assessed at 6-month intervals three or more times for 2 years. Latent transition analysis was used to classify people according to TTM stages and separately according to whether they met the guideline. The predictive value of pre- vs. post-action stages was then tested. Stages were more likely to falsely classify people as meeting the guideline than to falsely classify them as not meeting it. Probabilities of predicting 6-month transitions were about 50% for the stable class of meeting the guideline each time and just 25% for transitions between meeting and not meeting the guideline. The TTM post-action stages had limited usefulness in this cohort. Further longitudinal study is needed to determine whether TTM stages can accurately classify transitions from physical inactivity to physical activity below recommended levels.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-03-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980012000882
Abstract: To examine the association between eating in response to hunger and satiety signals (intuitive eating) and BMI. A second objective was to determine whether the hypothesized higher BMI in less intuitive eaters could be explained by the intake of specific foods, speed of eating or binge eating. Cross-sectional survey. Participants were randomly selected from a nationally representative s ling frame. Eating in response to hunger and satiety signals (termed ‘intuitive eating’), self-reported height and weight, frequency of binge eating, speed of eating and usual intakes of fruits, vegetables and selected high-fat and/or high-sugar foods were measured. Nationwide study, New Zealand. Women ( n 2500) aged 40–50 years randomly selected from New Zealand electoral rolls, including Māori rolls (66 % response rate n 1601). Intuitive Eating Scale (IES) scores were significantly associated with BMI in an inverse direction, after adjusting for potential confounding variables. When controlling for confounding variables, as well as potential mediators, the inverse association between intuitive eating (potential range of IES score: 21–105) and BMI was only slightly attenuated and remained statistically significant (5·1 % decrease in BMI for every 10-unit increase in intuitive eating 95 % CI 4·2, 6·1 % P 0·0 0 1). The relationship between intuitive eating and BMI was partially mediated by frequency of binge eating. Eating in response to hunger and satiety signals is strongly associated with lower BMI in mid-age women. The direction of causality needs to be investigated in longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials.
No related grants have been discovered for Caroline Horwath.