ORCID Profile
0000-0001-6882-5461
Current Organisation
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1039/B513774H
Abstract: A concise, high yielding route to the naturally occurring enantiomer of grenadamide utilizing a 3,6-disubstituted 1,2-dioxine starting material is presented. The route allows for ease in synthesizing grenadamide derivatives varying at cyclopropyl carbons 2 and 3, with access to both enantiomers. Evidence for phosphorus-assisted deprotonation of 1,2-dioxines is also discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.BMCL.2005.10.101
Abstract: Fifteen new endoperoxides have been synthesised and tested for activity against pathogenic Candida species. These endoperoxides can be prepared in high yields, in one to three steps, from inexpensive starting materials. Despite chemical and structural similarities, their inhibitory activity against Candida growth varied greatly from one endoperoxide to another, and one species to another. This study of susceptibility to endoperoxide compounds presented here may lead to the development of potent new antifungal agents.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.BMC.2006.10.021
Abstract: Broad antifungal structure-activity relationships governing epoxy-endoperoxides 2 and 3 and their parent endoperoxides 1 are reported. Their inhibitory activity against Candida albicans in conjunction with hemolytic activity and/or growth inhibition of cultured mammalian cells are reported. This information provided guidance for the further development of endoperoxide and epoxy-endoperoxides as topical antifungal agents.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.00609-07
Abstract: Artermisinin and its derivatives are now the mainstays of antimalarial treatment however, their mechanism of action is only poorly understood. We report on the synthesis of a novel series of epoxy-endoperoxides that can be prepared in high yields from simple starting materials. Endoperoxides that are disubstituted with alkyl or benzyl side chains show efficient inhibition of the growth of both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum . A trans -epoxide with respect to the peroxide linkage increases the activity compared to that of its cis -epoxy counterpart or the parent endoperoxide. The novel endoperoxides do not show a strong interaction with artemisinin. We have compared the mechanism of action of the novel endoperoxides with that of artemisinin. Electron microscopy reveals that the novel endoperoxides cause the early accumulation of endocytic vesicles, while artemisinin causes the disruption of the digestive vacuole membrane. At longer incubation times artemisinin causes extensive loss of organellar structures, while the novel endoperoxides cause myelin body formation as well as the accumulation of endocytic vesicles. An early event following endoperoxide treatment is the redistribution of the pH-sensitive probe LysoSensor Blue from the digestive vacuole to punctate structures. By contrast, neither artemisinin nor the novel endoperoxides caused alterations in the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum nor showed antagonistic antimalarial activity when they were used with thapsigargin. Analysis of rhodamine 123 uptake by P. falciparum suggests that disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential occurs as a downstream effect rather than as an initiator of parasite killing. The data suggest that the digestive vacuole is an important initial site of endoperoxide antimalarial activity.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1021/JO001599O
Abstract: The bulky stabilized ylides (2a-d) react with a range of 1,2-dioxines (1a-d) to afford the ersely functionalized cyclopropanes 7 in excellent yield and diastereomeric excess. This is in direct contrast to the situation when nonbulky ester ylides are utilized which results in a completely different cyclopropyl series. Through a combination of isolation, spectroscopic, temperature, and deuterium and additive effects studies, the mechanism of cyclopropane formation from this second pathway can be proposed. Importantly, enolate quenching of the intermediate 1-2lambda(5)-oxaphospholanes 4 prior to collapse results in an equilibrium mixture of intermediates 10 and 11 which have been fully characterized, and their formation is primarily a result of the steric bulk of the stabilized ester ylide. These intermediates (10/11) then collapse further and result in formation of the observed closely related cyclopropyl stereoisomers 7 and 8. Moreover, the addition of LiBr to these reactions allows for the control of which of the two possible cyclopropanation pathways will be dominant. Finally, optimal protocols that demonstrate the potential of this new cyclopropanation methodology for the ready construction of closely related cyclopropyl stereoisomers are presented.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-11-2004
DOI: 10.1021/JO048446B
Abstract: Levulinic acid-derived 6-diazoheptane-2,5-dione (9) serves as a common precursor in a formal synthesis of frontalin 19, and in syntheses of cis-nemorensic acid 1, 4-hydroxy-cis-nemorensic acid 2, 3-hydroxy-cis-nemorensic acid 3, and nemorensic acid 4. The key step in these syntheses is the Rh(2)(OAc)(4)-catalyzed tandem carbonyl ylide formation-intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of diazodione 9 with formaldehyde, alkynes or allene, which occur with high regioselectivity. Subsequent oxidative cleavage of the ring originally derived from the cyclic carbonyl ylide intermediate provides a straightforward access to polysubstituted tetrahydrofurans, and in particular an efficient entry to the nemorensic acids. Enantioselective cycloadditions with diazodione 9, using chiral rhodium catalysts, gave cycloadducts in up to 51% ee.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-04-2002
DOI: 10.1021/OL025917C
Abstract: [reaction: see text] 1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of propargyl bromide with the carbonyl ylide derived from 6-diazoheptane-2,5-dione is the key step in concise syntheses of cis-nemorensic acid and 4-hydroxy-cis-nemorensic acid.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 30-06-2007
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 15-08-2000
DOI: 10.1021/JO0002240
Abstract: A new chemical transformation for the construction of ersely functionalized cyclopropanes utilizing 1,2-dioxines and stabilized phosphorus ylides as the key precursors is presented. Through a series of mechanistic studies we have elucidated a clear understanding of the hitherto unknown complex relationship between 1, 2-dioxines 1a-e, and their isomeric cis/trans gamma-hydroxy enones (23 and 21a-e), cis/trans hemiacetals 24a-e, and beta-ketoepoxides (e.g., 26), and how these precursors can be utilized to construct ersely functionalized cyclopropanes. Furthermore, several new synthetically useful routes to these structural isomers are presented. Key features of the cyclopropanation include the ylide acting as a mild base inducing the ring opening of the 1,2-dioxines to their isomeric cis gamma-hydroxy enones 23a-e, followed by Michael addition of the ylide to the cis gamma-hydroxy enones 23a-e and attachment of the electrophilic phosphorus pole of the ylide to the hydroxyl moiety, affording the intermediate 1-2lambda(5)-oxaphospholanes 4 and setting up the observed cis stereochemistry between H1 and H3. Cyclization of the resultant enolate (30a or 30b), expulsion of triphenylphosphine oxide, and proton transfer from the reaction manifold affords the observed cyclopropanes in excellent diastereomeric excess. The utilization of Co(SALEN)(2) in a catalytic manner also allows for a dramatic acceleration of reaction rates when entering the reaction manifold from the 1,2-dioxines. While cyclopropanation is favored by the use of ester-stabilized ylides, the use of keto- or aldo-stabilized ylides results in a preference for 1,4-dicarbonyl formation through a competing Kornblum-De La Mare rearrangement of the intermediate hemiacetals. This finding can be attributed to subtle differences in ylide basicity/nucleophilicity. In addition, the use of doubly substituted ester ylides allows for the incorporation of another stereogenic center within the side chain. Finally, our studies have revealed that the isomeric trans gamma-hydroxy enones and the beta-keto epoxides are not involved in the cyclopropanation process however, they do represent an alternative entry point into this reaction manifold.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-09-2005
DOI: 10.1021/JO050806N
Abstract: A new method for the construction of tetrahydropyrans derived from readily available 1,2-dioxines containing a tethered hydroxyl moiety is described. The reaction proceeds via a base-catalyzed rearrangement of the 1,2-dioxines to either the isomeric cis or trans gamma-hydroxy enones followed by intramolecular oxa-Michael addition of the tethered hydroxyl group.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2010
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 04-1998
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 14-12-2001
DOI: 10.1039/B109187P
Abstract: The combination of chiral cobalt beta-ketoiminato or cobalt salen complexes and meso 1,2-dioxines leads to catalytic asymmetric ring-opening affording enantio-enriched cis gamma-hydroxy enones subsequent capture by an ylide affords enantio-enriched cyclopropanes.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-02-2004
DOI: 10.1021/JM0305319
Abstract: We report the synthesis of a series of novel epoxy endoperoxide compounds that can be prepared in high yields in one to three steps from simple starting materials. Some of these compounds inhibit the growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Structure-activity studies indicate that an endoperoxide ring bisubstituted with saturated cyclic moieties is the pharmacophore. To study the molecular basis of the action of these novel antimalarial compounds, we examined their ability to interact with oxidized and reduced forms of heme. Some of the compounds interact with oxidized heme in a fashion similar to chloroquine and other 4-aminoquinolines, while some of the compounds interact with reduced heme. However, the level of antimalarial potency is not well correlated with these activities, suggesting that some of the endoperoxides may exert their antimalarial activities by a novel mechanism of action.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 04-2000
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 04-1998
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 1998
DOI: 10.1039/A707360G
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 02-2000
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-03-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-03-2008
DOI: 10.1021/JO7024256
Abstract: 1,2-Dioxines react with glycine-derived phosphonate nucleophiles via a multistep cascade reaction to give beta-cyclopropyl amino acid derivatives in good yield with excellent control of the cyclopropane stereocentres. The cyclopropyl ketones were oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic esters using Baeyer-Villiger conditions. Standard deprotection protocols produced a series of known beta-cyclopropyl amino acids that are selective and potent agonists or antagonists of the metabotropic glutamate receptors in excellent yields.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-12-2021
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 15-01-1998
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1039/B001975P
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 12-1999
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 06-09-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.03.458872
Abstract: The antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a desirable therapeutic target for a broad range of pathologies, including chronic diseases of the lung and liver, and autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular disorders. However, current Nrf2 activators are limited by unwanted effects due to non-specificity, and systemic distribution and action. Here we report that a 1,2-dicarbonyl moiety masks the electrophilic reactivity of the Nrf2 activator monomethyl fumarate (MMF), otherwise responsible for its non-specific effects. The 1,2-dicarbonyl compound is highly susceptible to Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, with generation of MMF specifically on exposure to pathological levels of hydrogen peroxide or peroxynitrite. Oral treatment with the MMF generating 1,2-dicarbonyl compound reversed chronic neuropathic and osteoarthritis pain in mice, and selectively activated Nrf2 at sites of oxidative stress. This 1,2-dicarbonyl platform may be used to treat additional disorders of oxidative stress, and to selectively target other therapeutics to sites of redox imbalance.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-11-2008
DOI: 10.1021/JO8020506
Abstract: 1,4-Disubstituted 2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-enes were dihydroxylated with osmium tetroxide to yield diols anti to the peroxide linkage in a highly selective manner. Reduction of the peroxide bond furnished cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetraols with toxocarol relative stereochemistry in excellent yield. This new methodology was employed to synthesize the natural product (1S,2R,3S,4R,5R)-2-methyl-5-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetrol (1) in a short sequence from (R)-alpha-phellandrene. Moreover, during the study of the chemistry of 2,3-dioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-5,6-diols a hitherto unknown rearrangement was discovered which has wide applicability for the synthesis of 1,4-dicarbonyls, including optically enriched synthons. A broad range of mechanistic investigations applicable to this rearrangement are also reported.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-12-2009
DOI: 10.1021/JO902290G
Abstract: Herein we report ex les of the insertion of a carbenoid into a peroxide linkage. This study reveals that intramolecular insertion of carbenes into the peroxide linkage of 3,6-dihydro-1,2-dioxines is preferred over olefin insertion. The initial scope of the reaction and mechanistic considerations, have been probed. This methodology also generates unusual bicyclic hemiacetals (2) and tricyclic peroxides (3).
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Thomas Avery.