ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4677-5958
Current Organisations
University of Oxford
,
University of Nottingham
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-10-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-07-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-07-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-06-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.ADOLESCENCE.2009.05.015
Abstract: Mood and anxiety disorders, and problems with self‐harm are significant and serious issues that are common in young people in the Criminal Justice System. To examine whether interventions relevant to young offenders with mood or anxiety disorders, or problems with self‐harm are effective. Systematic review and meta‐analysis of data from randomised controlled trials relevant to young offenders experiencing these problems. An exhaustive search of the worldwide literature (published and unpublished) yielded 10 studies suitable for inclusion in this review. Meta‐analysis of data from three studies (with a total population of 171 in iduals) revealed that group‐based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) may help to reduce symptoms of depression in young offenders. These preliminary findings suggest that group‐based CBT may be useful for young offenders with such mental health problems, but larger high quality RCTs are now needed to bolster the evidence‐base.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-07-2020
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2019.1592043
Abstract: We have assessed the methodological quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions to prevent self-harm repetition and suicide. Trials were identified in two systematic reviews of RCTs of psychosocial treatments following a recent (within six months) episode of self-harm indexed in any of five electronic databases (CCDANCTR-Studies and References, CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO) between 1 January, 1998 and 29 April, 2015. A total of 66 trials were included, 55 in adults and 11 in children and adolescents. While evidence for efficacy of some approaches has grown, there were few trials from low-to-middle income countries, little information on interventions for males, information on the control condition was often limited, data on suicides were often not reported, and, while trials have increased in size in recent years, most have included too few participants to detect clinically significant results. There are major limitations in many trials of interventions for in iduals who self-harm. Improved methodology, especially with regard to study size, provision of details of control therapy, and evaluation of key outcomes, would enhance the evidence base for clinicians and service users.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2018.04.025
Abstract: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the mainstay of evaluations of the efficacy of psychosocial interventions. In a recent Cochrane systematic review we analysed the efficacy of cognitive behavioural-based psychotherapies compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in adults who self-harm. In this study we examine the content and reporting quality of TAU in these trials and their relationship to outcomes. Five electronic databases (CCDANCTR-Studies and References, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) were searched for RCTs, indexed between 1 January 1998 and 30 April 2015, of cognitive-behavioural interventions compared to TAU for adults following a recent (within six months) episode of self-harm. Comparisons were made between outcomes for trials which included different categories of TAU, which were grouped as: multidisciplinary treatment, psychotherapy only, pharmacotherapy only, treatment by primary care physician, minimal contact, or unclear. 18 trials involving 2433 participants were included. The content and reporting quality of TAU varied considerably between trials. The apparent effectiveness of cognitive behavioural psychotherapy varied according to TAU reporting quality and content. Specifically, effects in favour of cognitive-behavioural psychotherapy were strongest in trials in which TAU content was not clearly described (Odds Ratio: 0.29, 95% Confidence Interval 0.15-0.62 three trials) compared to those in which TAU comprised multidisciplinary treatment (Odds Ratio: 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.97 12 trials). The included trials had high risk of bias with respect to participant and clinical personnel blinding, and unclear risk of bias for selective outcome reporting. TAU content and quality represents an important source of heterogeneity between trials of psychotherapeutic interventions for prevention of self-harm. Before clinical trials begin, researchers should plan to carefully describe both aspects of TAU to improve the overall quality of investigations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/CODI.15311
Abstract: Aspiration is a common cause of pneumonia in patients with postoperative ileus. Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is often performed, but this can be distressing. The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of NGT insertion after surgery (before versus after vomiting) was associated with reduced rates of pneumonia in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. This was a preplanned secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery between January 2018 and April 2018 were eligible. Those receiving a NGT were ided into three groups, based on the timing of the insertion: routine NGT (inserted at the time of surgery), prophylactic NGT (inserted after surgery but before vomiting) and reactive NGT (inserted after surgery and after vomiting). The primary outcome was the development of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery, which was compared between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups using multivariable regression analysis. A total of 4715 patients were included in the analysis and 1536 (32.6%) received a NGT. These were classified as routine in 926 (60.3%), reactive in 461 (30.0%) and prophylactic in 149 (9.7%). Two hundred patients (4.2%) developed pneumonia (no NGT 2.7% routine NGT 5.2% reactive NGT 10.6% prophylactic NGT 11.4%). After adjustment for confounding factors, no significant difference in pneumonia rates was detected between the prophylactic and reactive NGT groups (odds ratio 1.03, 95% CI 0.56–1.87, P = 0.932). In patients who required the insertion of a NGT after surgery, prophylactic insertion was not associated with fewer cases of pneumonia within 30 days of surgery compared with reactive insertion.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1192/APT.22.1.2
Abstract: Self-harm (intentional self-poisoning or self-injury) is common, often repeated, and strongly associated with suicide. This is an update of a broader Cochrane review on psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for self-harm, first published in 1998 and previously updated in 1999. We have now ided the review into three separate reviews. This review is focused on pharmacological interventions in adults who self-harm.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1192/APT.22.5.286
Abstract: Self-harm (SH intentional self-poisoning or self-injury) is common in children and adolescents, often repeated, and strongly associated with suicide. This is an update of a broader Cochrane review on psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for SH published in 1998 and updated in 1999. We have now ided the review into three separate reviews this review is focused on psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for SH in children and adolescents.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-05-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0266722
Abstract: Content and trigger warnings give information about the content of material prior to receiving it. Different typologies of content warnings have emerged across multiple sectors, including health, social media, education and entertainment. Benefits arising from their use are contested, with recent empirical evidence from educational sectors suggesting they may raise anxiety and reinforce the centrality of trauma experience to identity, whilst benefits relate to increased in idual agency in making informed decisions about engaging with content. Research is h ered by the absence of a shared inter-sectoral typology of warnings. The aims of this systematic review are to develop a typology of content warnings and to identify the contexts in which content warnings are used. The review was pre-registered (ID: CRD42020197687, URL: www.crd.york.ac.uk rospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020197687 ) and used five sources: electronic databases covering multiple sectors (n = 19) table of contents from multi-sectoral journals (n = 5), traditional and social media websites (n = 53 spanning 36 countries) forward and backward citation tracking and expert consultation (n = 15). In total, 6,254 documents were reviewed for eligibility and 136 documents from 32 countries were included. These were synthesised to develop the Narrative Experiences Online (NEON) content warning typology, which comprises 14 domains: Violence, Sex, Stigma, Disturbing content, Language, Risky behaviours, Mental health, Death, Parental guidance, Crime, Abuse, Socio-political, Flashing lights and Objects. Ten sectors were identified: Education, Audio-visual industries, Games and Apps, Media studies, Social sciences, Comic books, Social media, Music, Mental health, and Science and Technology. Presentation formats (n = 15) comprised: education materials, film, games, websites, television, books, social media, verbally, print media, apps, radio, music, research, DVD/video and policy document. The NEON content warning typology provides a framework for consistent warning use and specification of key contextual information (sector, presentation format, target audience) in future content warning research, allowing personalisation of content warnings and investigation of global sociopolitical trends over time.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-01-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-04-2021
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 24-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/BJS.11422
Abstract: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P & 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46 P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent P = 0·110). Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Ellen Townsend.