ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6946-2591
Current Organisation
Federation University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/7805217
Abstract: An automatic gender detection may be useful in some cases of a mobile healthcare system. For ex le, there are some pathologies, such as vocal fold cyst, which mainly occur in female patients. If there is an automatic method for gender detection embedded into the system, it is easy for a healthcare professional to assess and prescribe appropriate medication to the patient. In human voice production system, contribution of the vocal folds is very vital. The length of the vocal folds is gender dependent a male speaker has longer vocal folds than a female speaker. Due to longer vocal folds, the voice of a male becomes heavy and, therefore, contains more voice intensity. Based on this idea, a new type of time domain acoustic feature for automatic gender detection system is proposed in this paper. The proposed feature measures the voice intensity by calculating the area under the modified voice contour to make the differentiation between males and females. Two different databases are used to show that the proposed feature is independent of text, spoken language, dialect region, recording system, and environment. The obtained results for clean and noisy speech are 98.27% and 96.55%, respectively.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-06-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ETT.3647
Abstract: Off late, the ever increasing usage of a connected Internet‐of‐Things devices has consequently augmented the volume of real‐time network data with high velocity. At the same time, threats on networks become inevitable hence, identifying anomalies in real time network data has become crucial. To date, most of the existing anomaly detection approaches focus mainly on machine learning techniques for batch processing. Meanwhile, detection approaches which focus on the real‐time analytics somehow deficient in its detection accuracy while consuming higher memory and longer execution time. As such, this paper proposes a novel framework which focuses on real‐time anomaly detection based on big data technologies. In addition, this paper has also developed streaming sliding window local outlier factor coreset clustering algorithms (SSWLOFCC), which was then implemented into the framework. The proposed framework that comprises BroIDS, Flume, Kafka, Spark streaming, SparkMLlib, Matplot and HBase was evaluated to substantiate its efficacy, particularly in terms of accuracy, memory consumption, and execution time. The evaluation is done by performing critical comparative analysis using existing approaches, such as K‐means, hierarchical density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (HDBSCAN), isolation forest, spectral clustering and agglomerative clustering. Moreover, Adjusted Rand Index and memory profiler package were used for the evaluation of the proposed framework against the existing approaches. The outcome of the evaluation has substantially proven the efficacy of the proposed framework with a much higher accuracy rate of 96.51% when compared to other algorithms. Besides, the proposed framework also outperformed the existing algorithms in terms of lesser memory consumption and execution time. Ultimately the proposed solution enable analysts to precisely track and detect anomalies in real time.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10916-015-0338-8
Abstract: As players and soldiers preform strenuous exercises and do difficult and tiring duties, they are usually the common victims of muscular fatigue. Keeping this in mind, we propose FAtigue MEasurement (FAME) protocol for soccer players and soldiers using in-vivo sensors for Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks (WBASNs). In FAME, we introduce a composite parameter for fatigue measurement by setting a threshold level for each sensor. Whenever, any sensed data exceeds its threshold level, the players or soldiers are declared to be in a state of fatigue. Moreover, we use a vibration pad for the relaxation of fatigued muscles, and then utilize the vibrational energy by means of vibration detection circuit to recharge the in-vivo sensors. The induction circuit achieves about 68 % link efficiency. Simulation results show better performance of the proposed FAME protocol, in the chosen scenarios, as compared to an existing Wireless Soccer Team Monitoring (WSTM) protocol in terms of the selected metrics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 28-03-2021
DOI: 10.1002/INT.22422
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1109/NBIS.2015.7
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-10-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MATH11214501
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-01-2015
DOI: 10.3390/S150202473
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13638-021-01996-2
Abstract: Big data ecosystems are complex data-intensive, digital–physical systems. Data-intensive ecosystems offer a number of benefits however, they present challenges as well. One major challenge is related to the privacy and security. A number of privacy and security models, techniques and algorithms have been proposed over a period of time. The limitation is that these solutions are primarily focused on an in idual or on an isolated organizational context. There is a need to study and provide complete end-to-end solutions that ensure security and privacy throughout the data lifecycle across the ecosystem beyond the boundary of an in idual system or organizational context. The results of current study provide a review of the existing privacy and security challenges and solutions using the systematic literature review (SLR) approach. Based on the SLR approach, 79 applicable articles were selected and analyzed. The information from these articles was extracted to compile a catalogue of security and privacy challenges in big data ecosystems and to highlight their interdependencies. The results were categorized from theoretical viewpoint using adaptive enterprise architecture and practical viewpoint using DAMA framework as guiding lens. The findings of this research will help to identify the research gaps and draw novel research directions in the context of privacy and security in big data-intensive ecosystems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-02-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2018
DOI: 10.1002/ETT.3501
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/608162
Abstract: We investigate three aspects of dynamicity in ad hoc and wireless sensor networks and their impact on the efficiency of intrusion detection systems (IDSs). The first aspect is magnitude dynamicity, in which the IDS has to efficiently determine whether the changes occurring in the network are due to malicious behaviors or or due to normal changing of user requirements. The second aspect is nature dynamicity that occurs when a malicious node is continuously switching its behavior between normal and anomalous to cause maximum network disruption without being detected by the IDS. The third aspect, named spatiotemporal dynamicity, happens when a malicious node moves out of the IDS range before the latter can make an observation about its behavior. The first aspect is solved by defining a normal profile based on the invariants derived from the normal node behavior. The second aspect is handled by proposing an adaptive reputation fading strategy that allows fast redemption and fast capture of malicious node. The third aspect is solved by estimating the link duration between two nodes in dynamic network topology, which allows choosing the appropriate monitoring period. We provide analytical studies and simulation experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed solutions.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-01-2017
DOI: 10.3390/S17010134
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-08-2012
DOI: 10.3390/S120911754
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-01-2016
DOI: 10.3390/S16010088
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13052602
Abstract: Software risks are a common phenomenon in the software development lifecycle, and risks emerge into larger problems if they are not dealt with on time. Software risk management is a strategy that focuses on the identification, management, and mitigation of the risk factors in the software development lifecycle. The management itself depends on the nature, size, and skill of the project under consideration. This paper proposes a model that deals with identifying and dealing with the risk factors by introducing different observatory and participatory project factors. It is assumed that most of the risk factors can be dealt with by doing effective business processing that in response deals with the orientation of risks and elimination or reduction of those risk factors that emerge over time. The model proposes different combinations of resource allocation that can help us conclude a software project with an extended amount of acceptability. This paper presents a Risk Reduction Model, which effectively handles the application development risks. The model can synchronize its working with medium to large-scale software projects. The reduction in software failures positively affects the software development environment, and the software failures shall reduce consequently.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-01-2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: Institution of Engineering and Technology
Date: 27-03-2020
DOI: 10.1049/PBCE128E
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-02-2020
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-05-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ETT.3634
Abstract: Smart connected devices are widely used in healthcare to achieve improved well‐being, quality of life, and security of citizens. While improving quality of healthcare, such devices generate data containing sensitive patient information where unauthorized access constitutes breach of privacy leading to catastrophic outcomes for an in idual as well as financial loss to the governing body via regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation. Furthermore, while mobility afforded by smart devices enables ease of monitoring, portability, and pervasive processing, it introduces challenges with respect to scalability, reliability, and context awareness. This paper is focused on privacy preservation within smart context‐aware healthcare emphasizing privacy assurance challenges within Electronic Transfer of Prescription. We present a case for a comprehensive, coherent, and dynamic privacy‐preserving system for smart healthcare to protect sensitive user data. Based on a thorough analysis of existing privacy preservation models, we propose an enhancement to the widely used Salford model to achieve privacy preservation against masquerading and impersonation threats. The proposed model therefore improves privacy assurance for smart healthcare while addressing unique challenges with respect to context‐aware mobility of such applications.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1109/ITNG.2015.32
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10916-018-1107-2
Abstract: Electrocardiography (ECG) sensors play a vital role in the Internet of Medical Things, and these sensors help in monitoring the electrical activity of the heart. ECG signal analysis can improve human life in many ways, from diagnosing diseases among cardiac patients to managing the lifestyles of diabetic patients. Abnormalities in heart activities lead to different cardiac diseases and arrhythmia. However, some cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction (MI) and atrial fibrillation (Af), require special attention due to their direct impact on human life. The classification of flattened T wave cases of MI in ECG signals and how much of these cases are similar to ST-T changes in MI remain an open issue for researchers. This article presents a novel contribution to classify MI and Af. To this end, we propose a new approach called deep deterministic learning (DDL), which works by combining predefined heart activities with fused datasets. In this research, we used two datasets. The first dataset, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital, is publicly available, and we exclusively obtained the second dataset from the University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. We first initiated predefined activities on each in idual dataset to recognize patterns between the ST-T change and flattened T wave cases and then used the data fusion approach to merge both datasets in a manner that delivers the most accurate pattern recognition results. The proposed DDL approach is a systematic stage-wise methodology that relies on accurate detection of R peaks in ECG signals, time domain features of ECG signals, and fine tune-up of artificial neural networks. The empirical evaluation shows high accuracy (i.e., ≤99.97%) in pattern matching ST-T changes and flattened T waves using the proposed DDL approach. The proposed pattern recognition approach is a significant contribution to the diagnosis of special cases of MI.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-09-2017
DOI: 10.3390/S17102166
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/140973
Abstract: Timely segregation of critical/noncritical nodes is extremely crucial in mobile ad hoc and sensor networks. Most of the existing segregation schemes are centralized and require maintaining network wide information, which may not be feasible in large-scale dynamic networks. Moreover, these schemes lack rigorous validation and entirely rely on simulations. We present a localized algorithm for segregation of critical/noncritical nodes (LASCNN) to the network connectivity. LASCNN establishes and maintains a k-hop connection list and marks a node as critical if its k-hop neighbours become disconnected without the node and noncritical otherwise. A noncritical node with more than one connection is marked as intermediate and leaf noncritical otherwise. We use both formal and nonformal techniques for verification and validation of functional and nonfunctional properties. First, we model MAHSN as a dynamic graph and transform LASCNN to equivalent formal specification using Z notation. After analysing and validating the specification through Z eves tool, we simulate LASCNN specification to quantitatively demonstrate its efficiency. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the performance of LASCNN is scalable and is quite competitive compared to centralized scheme with global information. The accuracy of LASCNN in determining critical nodes is 87% (1-hop) and 93% (2-hop) and of noncritical nodes the accuracy is 91% (1-hop) and 93% (2-hop).
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/ELECTRONICS9122175
Abstract: Fog Radio Access Network (F-RAN) is a promising technology to address the bandwidth bottlenecks and network latency problems, by providing cloud-like services to the end nodes (ENs) at the edge of the network. The network latency can further be decreased by minimizing the transmission delay, which can be achieved by optimizing the number of Fog Nodes (FNs). In this context, we propose a stochastic geometry model to optimize the number of FNs in a finite F-RAN by exploiting the multi-slope path loss model (MS-PLM), which can more precisely characterize the path loss dependency on the propagation environment. The proposed approach shows that the optimum probability of being a FN is determined by the real root of a polynomial equation of a degree determined by the far-field path loss exponent (PLE) of the MS-PLM. The results analyze the impact of the path loss parameters and the number of deployed nodes on the optimum number of FNs. The results show that the optimum number of FNs is less than 7% of the total number of deployed nodes for all the considered scenarios. It also shows that optimizing the number of FNs achieves a significant reduction in the average transmission delay over the unoptimized scenarios.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1155/2017/8789513
Abstract: Next generation mobile networks aim to provide faster speed and more capacity along with energy efficiency to support video streaming and massive data sharing in social and communication networks. In these networks, user equipment has to register with IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) which promises quality of service to the mobile users that frequently move across different access networks. After each handover caused due to mobility, IMS provides IPSec Security Association establishment and authentication phases. The main issue is that unnecessary reregistration after every handover results in latency and communication overhead. To tackle these issues, this paper presents a lightweight Fast IMS Mobility (FIM) registration scheme that avoids unnecessary conventional registration phases such as security associations, authentication, and authorization. FIM maintains a flag to avoid deregistration and sends a subsequent message to provide necessary parameters to IMS servers after mobility. It also handles the change of IP address for user equipment and transferring the security associations from old to new servers. We have validated the performance of FIM by developing a testbed consisting of IMS servers and user equipment. The experimental results demonstrate the performance supremacy of FIM. It reduces media disruption time, number of messages, and packet loss up to 67%, 100%, and 61%, respectively, as compared to preliminaries.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 26-07-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/542856
Abstract: Secure key distribution is one of the most important building blocks to ensure confidentiality in wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs). However, the key distribution becomes a challenging task when keys have to be relayed by compromised nodes in order to establish secure communication between distant nodes. To deal with this issue, we propose in this paper a key distribution scheme, named key distribution using fragmentation and assimilation (KDFA). In this scheme, the sender node splits the actual key into fragments and sends them through intermediate actor nodes towards the receiver node. The latter assimilates these key fragments using XOR operation to reconstruct the actual key. In this case, attacker cannot retrieve the actual key and only gets the key fragment. KDFA is composed of two parts: (a) key distribution protocol (KDP) to distribute the key using intra-actor and interactor communication scenarios and (b) key fragmentation algorithm (KFA) to slice the key using binary calculations. KDFA execution has been specified and formally verified using Rubin logic. Moreover, the performance and the resilience of the proposed protocol are further analyzed through extensive simulations using ns-2.35. Results show that KDFA is resilient against actor node compromise and key exposure.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13638-021-01983-7
Abstract: Fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks are projected to bring a major transformation to the current fourth-generation network to support the billions of devices that will be connected to the Internet. 5G networks will enable new and powerful capabilities to support high-speed data rates, better connectivity and system capacity that are critical in designing applications in virtual reality, augmented reality and mobile online gaming. The infrastructure of a network that can support stringent application requirements needs to be highly dynamic and flexible. Network slicing can provide these dynamic and flexible characteristics to a network architecture. Implementing network slicing in 5G requires domain modification of the preexisting network architecture. A network slicing architecture is proposed for an existing 5G network with the aim of enhancing network dynamics and flexibility to support modern network applications. To enable network slicing in a 5G network, we established the virtualisation of the underlying physical 5G infrastructure by utilising technological advancements, such as software-defined networking and network function virtualisation. These virtual networks can fulfil the requirement of multiple use cases as required by creating slices of these virtual networks. Thus, abstracting from the physical resources to create virtual networks and then applying network slicing on these virtual networks enable the 5G network to address the increased demands for high-speed communication.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-04-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-03-2020
Publisher: Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 26-10-2023
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-04-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-06-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-10-2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2018
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/194532
Abstract: Network lifetime is one of the most prominent barriers in deploying wireless sensor networks for large-scale applications because these networks employ sensors with nonrenewable scarce energy resources. Sensor nodes dissipate most of their energy in complex routing mechanisms. To cope with limited energy problem, we present EASARA, an energy aware simple ant routing algorithm based on ant colony optimization. Unlike most algorithms, EASARA strives to avoid low energy routes and optimizes the routing process through selection of least hop count path with more energy. It consists of three phases, that is, route discovery, forwarding node, and route selection. We have improved the route discovery procedure and mainly concentrate on energy efficient forwarding node and route selection, so that the network lifetime can be prolonged. The four possible cases of forwarding node and route selection are presented. The performance of EASARA is validated through simulation. Simulation results demonstrate the performance supremacy of EASARA over contemporary scheme in terms of various metrics.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2016
Abstract: In this article, we propose two new routing protocols for wireless sensor networks. First one is AM-DisCNT (angular multi-hop distance–based clustering network transmission) protocol which uses circular deployment of sensors (nodes) for uniform energy consumption in the network. The protocol operates in such a way that nodes with maximum residual energy are selected as cluster heads for each round. Second one is iAM-DisCNT (improved AM-DisCNT) protocol which exploits both mobile and static base stations for throughput maximization. Besides the proposition of routing protocols, iAM-DisCNT is provided with three mathematical models: two linear-programming-based models for information flow maximization and packet drop rate minimization and one model for calculating energy consumption of nodes. Graphical analysis for linear-programming-based mathematical formulation is also part of this work. Simulation results show that AM-DisCNT has 32% and iAM-DisCNT has 48% improved stability period as compared to LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and DEEC (distributed energy-efficient clustering) routing protocols. Similarly, throughput of AM-DisCNT and iAM-DisCNT is improved by 16% and 80%, respectively, in comparison with the counterpart schemes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-09-2023
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-08-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2011
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-10-2023
DOI: 10.3390/APP132011560
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2016
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 21-05-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/7947638
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1109/EUC.2010.37
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP112110034
Abstract: Groundwater is one of the primary sources for the daily water requirements of the masses, but it is subjected to contamination due to the pollutants, such as nitrate, percolating through the soil with water. Especially in built-up areas, groundwater vulnerability and contamination are of major concern, and require appropriate consideration. The present study develops a novel framework for assessing groundwater nitrate contamination risk for the area along the Karakoram Highway, which is a part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) route in northern Pakistan. A groundwater vulnerability map was prepared using the DRASTIC model. The nitrate concentration data from a previous study were used to formulate the nitrate contamination map. Three machine learning (ML) models, i.e., Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multivariate Discriminant Analysis (MDA), and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT), were used to analyze the probability of groundwater contamination incidence. Furthermore, groundwater contamination probability maps were obtained utilizing the ensemble modeling approach. The models were calibrated and validated through calibration trials, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve method (AUC), where a minimum AUC threshold value of 80% was achieved. Results indicated the accuracy of the models to be in the range of 0.82–0.87. The final groundwater contamination risk map highlights that 34% of the area is moderately vulnerable to groundwater contamination, and 13% of the area is exposed to high groundwater contamination risk. The findings of this study can facilitate decision-making regarding the location of future built-up areas properly in order to mitigate the nitrate contamination that can further reduce the associated health risks.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1109/LCN.2016.128
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 24-03-2016
DOI: 10.3390/S16040424
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2020
DOI: 10.1007/S12652-019-01649-9
Abstract: Power companies are responsible for producing and transferring the required amount of electricity from grid stations to in idual households. Many countries suffer huge losses in billions of dollars due to non-technical loss (NTL) in power supply companies. To deal with NTL, many machine learning classifiers have been employed in recent time. However, few has been studied about the performance evaluation metrics that are used in NTL detection to evaluate how good or bad the classifier is in predicting the non-technical loss. This paper first uses three classifiers: random forest, K -nearest neighbors and linear support vector machine to predict the occurrence of NTL in a real dataset of an electric supply company containing approximately 80,000 monthly consumption records. Then, it computes 14 performance evaluation metrics across the three classifiers and identify the key scientific relationships between them. These relationships provide insights into deciding which classifier can be more useful under given scenarios for NTL detection. This work can be proved to be a baseline not only for the NTL detection in power industry but also for the selection of appropriate performance evaluation metrics for NTL detection.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-09-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2016
DOI: 10.1109/FIT.2015.10
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2015
DOI: 10.1155/2015/634268
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 15-06-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/481761
Abstract: This paper introduces a hybrid and secure MAC protocol (PMAC) for WBAN. The PMAC protocol uses two contention access periods (CAPs) for accommodating normal and life-critical traffic and one contention-free period (CFP) for accommodating large amount of data packets. The priority-guaranteed CSMA/CA procedure is used in the CAP period, where different priorities are assigned to WBAN nodes by adjusting the backoff window size. In addition, a set of security keys is used to prevent illegal access to the network. Analytical expressions are derived to analyze the average delay, power consumption, throughput, and packet loss probability of the PMAC protocol. Results derived from these expressions are validated by computer simulations.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-03-2016
DOI: 10.3390/S16030404
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-0006
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-03-2017
DOI: 10.3390/S17030642
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-02-2015
DOI: 10.3390/S150203625
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1155/2018/2874509
Abstract: Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are rapidly gaining attention due to the ersity of services that they can potentially offer. However, VANET communication is vulnerable to numerous security threats such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. Dealing with these attacks in VANET is a challenging problem. Most of the existing DDoS detection techniques suffer from poor accuracy and high computational overhead. To cope with these problems, we present a novel Multivariant Stream Analysis (MVSA) approach. The proposed MVSA approach maintains the multiple stages for detection DDoS attack in network. The Multivariant Stream Analysis gives unique result based on the Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication through Road Side Unit. The approach observes the traffic in different situations and time frames and maintains different rules for various traffic classes in various time windows. The performance of the MVSA is evaluated using an NS2 simulator. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the MVSA regarding detection accuracy and reducing the impact on VANET communication.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ETT.3977
Abstract: The Holy Quran and Hadith are the two main sources of legislation and guidelines for Muslims to shape their lives. The daily activities, sayings, and deeds of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) are called Hadiths. Hadiths are the optimal practical descriptions of the Holy Quran. Technological advancements of information and communication technologies (ICT) have revolutionized every field of daily life, including digitizing the Holy Quran and Hadith. Available online contents of Hadith are obtained from different sources. Thus, alterations and fabrications of fake Hadiths are feasible. Authentication of these online available Hadith contents is a complex and challenging task and a crucial area of study in Islam. Few Hadith authentication techniques and systems are proposed in the literature. In this study, we have surveyed all techniques and systems, which are proposed for Hadith authentication. Furthermore, classification, open challenges, and future research directions related to Hadith authentication are identified.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/5071617
Abstract: Key distribution is essential for providing secure communication between commercial and sensitive applications of wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs). It becomes more challenging when any of the intermediate sensor nodes is compromised by the adversaries as the messages carrying secure keys will be exposed and links will be unreliable. This paper presents a Disjoint Key Establishment Protocol (DKEP) that does not require transmitting keys across the nodes. In DKEP, each node is preloaded with one row and one column from a matrix. After the deployment, indices for row and column are exchanged between the two nodes and values at intersection of row and column index will be used to calculate the key on each node. DKEP is verified by performing formal analysis using Rubin Logic and validated using simulations in NS-2. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of DKEP compared to contemporary schemes in terms of reducing storage and communication cost and improving resilience against node compromise attacks. Moreover, the proposed scheme is implemented in a group-based mobile application scenario for secure message exchange.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-01-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-01-2017
DOI: 10.3390/S17010181
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1155/2016/8163893
Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are getting growing interest as they are expected to play crucial role in making safer, smarter, and more efficient transportation networks. Due to unique characteristics such as sparse topology and intermittent connectivity, Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) routing in VANET becomes an inherent choice and is challenging. However, most of the existing DTN protocols do not accurately discover potential neighbors and, hence, appropriate intermediate nodes for packet transmission. Moreover, these protocols cause unnecessary overhead due to excessive beacon messages. To cope with these challenges, this paper presents a novel framework and an Adaptive Geographical DTN Routing (AGDR) for vehicular DTNs. AGDR exploits node position, current direction, speed, and the predicted direction to carefully select an appropriate intermediate node. Direction indicator light is employed to accurately predict the vehicle future direction so that the forwarding node can relay packets to the desired destination. Simulation experiments confirm the performance supremacy of AGDR compared to contemporary schemes in terms of packet delivery ratio, overhead, and end-to-end delay. Simulation results demonstrate that AGDR improves the packet delivery ratio (5–7%), reduces the overhead (1–5%), and decreases the delay (up to 0.02 ms). Therefore, AGDR improves route stability by reducing the frequency of route failures.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-01-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2014
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ETT.4231
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 08-06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ETT.4241
Abstract: Next‐generation wireless communication networks, in particular, the densified 5G will bring many developments to the existing telecommunications industry. The key benefits will be the higher throughput and very low latency. In this context, the usage of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is becoming a feasible option for deploying 5G services on demand. At the same time, the immense bandwidth potential of mmWave has strengthened its performance in radio communication. In this article, we provide a consolidated synthesis on the role of UAVs and mmWave in 5G, emphasis on recent developments and challenges. The review focuses on UAV relay architectures, identifies the relevant problems and limitations in the deployment of UAVs using mmWave in both access and backhaul links simultaneously. There is a critical analysis of the optimum placement of the UAVs as a relay with a focus on the mmWave band. The distinctive rich characteristics of the mmWave propagation and scattering are presented. We also synthesis mmWave path loss models. Then, the scope of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques as an efficient solution for combating the dynamic and complex nature of UAV‐based cellular communication networks are discussed. In the end, security and privacy issues in UAV‐based cellular network are spotlighted. It is believed that the literature discussed, and the findings reached in this article are of significant importance to researchers, application engineers and decision‐makers in the designing and deployment of UAV‐supported 5G network.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 02-2018
No related grants have been discovered for Muhammad imran.