ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4981-9530
Current Organisations
University of Oslo
,
Aix-Marseille University
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Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
Date: 22-10-2010
Abstract: Abstract. Past variations in the dynamics of the Australian monsoon have been estimated from multi-proxy analysis of a core retrieved in the Eastern Banda Sea. Records of coccolith and pollen assemblages, spanning the last 150 000 years, allow reconstruction of past primary production in the Banda Sea, summer moisture availability, and the length of the dry season in northern Australia and southeastern Indonesia. The amount of moisture available during the summer monsoon follows typical glacial/interglacial dynamics with a broad asymmetrical 100-kyr cycle. Primary production and length of the dry season appear to be closely related, given that they follow the precessional cycle with the same phase. This indicates their independence from ice-volume variations. The present inter-annual variability of both parameters is related to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which modulates the Australian Winter Monsoon (AWM). The precessional pattern observed in the past dynamics of the AWM is found in ENSO and monsoon records of other regions. A marked shift in the monsoon intensity occurring during the mid Holocene during a period of constant ice volume, suggests that low latitude climatic variation precedes increases in global ice volume. This precessional pattern suggests that a common forcing mechanism underlies low latitude climate dynamics, acting specifically and synchronously on the different monsoon systems.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: American Meteorological Society
Date: 14-06-2019
Abstract: Six weather types (WTs) are computed for tropical Australia during the wet season (November–March 1979–2015) using cluster analysis of 6-hourly low-level winds at 850 hPa. The WTs may be interpreted as a varying combination of at least five distinct phenomena operating at different time scales: the diurnal cycle, fast and recurrent atmospheric phenomena such as transient low pressure, the intraseasonal Madden–Julian oscillation, the annual cycle, and interannual variations mostly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The WTs are also strongly phase-locked onto the break/active phases of the monsoon two WTs characterize mostly the trade-wind regime prevalent either at the start and the end of the monsoon or during its breaks, while three monsoonal WTs occur mostly during its core and active phases. The WT influence is strongest for the frequency of wet spells, while the influence on intensity varies according to the temporal aggregation of the rainfall. At hourly time scale, the climatological mean wet intensity tends to be near-constant in space and not systematically larger for the monsoonal WTs compared to other WTs. Nevertheless, one transitional WT, most prevalent around late November and characterized by weak synoptic forcings and overall drier conditions than the monsoonal WTs, is associated with an increased number of high hourly rainfall intensities for some stations, including for the interior of the Cape York Peninsula. When the temporal aggregation exceeds 6–12 h, the mean intensity tends to be larger for some of the monsoonal WTs, in association with more frequent and also slightly longer wet spells.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-09-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUINT.2005.12.028
Abstract: Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) are responsible for homeostasis of extracellular L-glutamate, and the glial transporters are functionally dominant. EAAT expression or function is altered in acute and chronic neurological conditions, but little is known about the regulation of EAATs in reactive astroglia found in such neuropathologies. These studies examined the effects of the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on glial EAATs in vitro. The effects of LPS (1 microg/ml, 24-72 h) on EAAT activity and expression were examined in primary cultures of mouse astrocytes. [(3)H]D-aspartate uptake increased to 129% of control by 72 h treatment with LPS. Saturation analysis revealed that apparent K(m) was unchanged whilst V(max) was significantly increased to 172% of control by 72 h LPS treatment. Biotinylation and Western blotting indicated that cell-surface expression of GLT-1 was significantly elevated (146% control) by LPS treatment whereas GLAST expression was unchanged. Confocal analyses revealed that LPS treatment resulted in cytoskeletal changes and stellation of astrocytes, with rearrangement of F-actin (as shown by phalloidin labelling). Immunocytochemistry revealed clustering of GLAST, and increased expression and redistribution of GLT-1 to the cell-surface following treatment with LPS. Similar experiments were conducted in microglia, where LPS (50 ng/ml) was found to up-regulate expression of GLT-1 at 24 and 72 h in concert with cytoskeletal changes accompanying activation. These findings suggest an association of cytoskeletal changes in glia with EAAT activity, with the predominant adaptation involving up-regulation and redistribution of GLT-1.
No related grants have been discovered for Vincent Moron.