ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2186-4030
Current Organisations
The University of Auckland
,
University of Toronto
,
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
,
Simon Fraser University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00171014
Abstract: Abstract Reci ism is a challenge for the Brazilian socio-educational system because it is associated with personal, social and environmental factors, especially among juvenile offenders. This study examined key characteristics and potential association with reci ism in 391 female adolescent offenders from a correctional institution in Brasília, Federal District, Brazil, between 2004 and 2011. Cross-sectional data on socio-demographics, drug use and offense characteristics from institutional information were examined. Associate factors with reci ism were examined using negative binomial regression analyses. 32.5% of offenders were reci ists at present admission and the mean frequency of reci ism among reci ists was 2.16. About half (53.6%) of the s le reported drug use. After the adjustment, reci ism was positively associated with: age offender’s drug use residence status offense type and no family drug use. Factors associated with juvenile offenders’ reci ism confirm findings from elsewhere, and should inform targeted interventions in Brazil.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2017.08.036
Abstract: Crack-cocaine use is prevalent largely in socio-economically marginalized populations in the Americas. Its use has been associated with erse health outcomes, yet no recent or systematic reviews of these exist. A systematic review of health outcomes associated with crack-cocaine use was performed, using MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and LILACS up to October 2016. Search terms included crack-cocaine and health outcome-related keywords, targeting peer-reviewed studies on quantified health outcomes associated with crack-cocaine use. Random effects meta-analyses produced pooled odds ratios. Levels of evidence for major results were assessed using the GRADE approach. A review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016035486). Of 4700 articles returned, 302 met eligibility criteria, reporting on health outcomes for 14 of 22 ICD-10 chapters. Conclusive evidence and meta-analyses showed positive associations between crack-cocaine use and blood/sexually transmitted diseases (HIV and hepatitis C virus, others) moderate evidence and meta-analyses supported associations with neonatal health, and violence. There were mixed associations for mental and other health outcomes, yet insufficient evidence to perform meta-analyses for many categories (e.g., mortality). Most underlying research was of limited or poor quality, with crack-cocaine commonly assessed as a secondary covariate. Crack-cocaine use was associated with a range of health outcomes, although it was unclear if there was direct causal impact, interactions between risk factors, or external drivers of both crack-cocaine use and outcomes. Rigorous epidemiological studies are needed to systematically assess health outcomes of crack-cocaine use and underlying pathways, also to inform evidence-based interventions.
Publisher: Alcohol Research Documentation, Inc.
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.15288/JSAD.2007.68.886
Abstract: The aim of this study was to estimate costs attributable to substance use and misuse in Canada in 2002. Based on information about prevalence of exposure and risk relations for more than 80 disease categories, deaths, years of life lost, and hospitalizations attributable to substance use and misuse were estimated. In addition, substance-attributable fractions for criminal justice expenditures were derived. Indirect costs were estimated using a modified human capital approach. Costs of substance use and misuse totaled almost Can. $40 billion in 2002. The total cost per capita for substance use and misuse was about Can. $1,267: Can. $463 for alcohol, Can. $262 for illegal drugs, and Can. $541 for tobacco. Legal substances accounted for the vast majority of these costs (tobacco: almost 43% of total costs alcohol: 37%). Indirect costs or productivity losses were the largest cost category (61%), followed by health care (22%) and law enforcement costs (14%). More than 40,000 people died in Canada in 2002 because of substance use and misuse: 37,209 deaths were attributable to tobacco, 4,258 were attributable to alcohol, and 1,695 were attributable to illegal drugs. A total of about 3.8 million hospital days were attributable to substance use and misuse, again mainly to tobacco. Substance use and misuse imposes a considerable economic toll on Canadian society and requires more preventive efforts.
No related grants have been discovered for B Fischer.