ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9902-3522
Current Organisation
Australian Antarctic Division
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2013.01.036
Abstract: Increased loads of land-based pollutants are a major threat to coastal-marine ecosystems. Identifying the affected marine areas and the scale of influence on ecosystems is critical to assess the impacts of degraded water quality and to inform planning for catchment management and marine conservation. Studies using remotely-sensed data have contributed to our understanding of the occurrence and influence of river plumes, and to our ability to assess exposure of marine ecosystems to land-based pollutants. However, refinement of plume modeling techniques is required to improve risk assessments. We developed a novel, complementary, approach to model exposure of coastal-marine ecosystems to land-based pollutants. We used supervised classification of MODIS-Aqua true-color satellite imagery to map the extent of plumes and to qualitatively assess the dispersal of pollutants in plumes. We used the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the world's largest coral reef system, to test our approach. We combined frequency of plume occurrence with spatially distributed loads (based on a cost-distance function) to create maps of exposure to suspended sediment and dissolved inorganic nitrogen. We then compared annual exposure maps (2007-2011) to assess inter-annual variability in the exposure of coral reefs and seagrass beds to these pollutants. We found this method useful to map plumes and qualitatively assess exposure to land-based pollutants. We observed inter-annual variation in exposure of ecosystems to pollutants in the GBR, stressing the need to incorporate a temporal component into plume exposure/risk models. Our study contributes to our understanding of plume spatial-temporal dynamics of the GBR and offers a method that can also be applied to monitor exposure of coastal-marine ecosystems to plumes and explore their ecological influences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2012
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 07-08-2015
Abstract: A detailed understanding of the genetic structure of populations and an accurate interpretation of processes driving contemporary patterns of gene flow are fundamental to successful spatial conservation management. The field of seascape genetics seeks to incorporate environmental variables and processes into analyses of population genetic data to improve our understanding of forces driving genetic ergence in the marine environment. Information about barriers to gene flow (such as ocean currents) is used to define a resistance surface to predict the spatial genetic structure of populations and explain deviations from the widely applied isolation-by-distance model. The majority of seascape approaches to date have been applied to linear coastal systems or at large spatial scales (more than 250 km), with very few applied to complex systems at regional spatial scales (less than 100 km). Here, we apply a seascape genetics approach to a peripheral population of the broadcast-spawning coral Acropora spicifera across the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, a high-latitude complex coral reef system off the central coast of Western Australia. We coupled population genetic data from a panel of microsatellite DNA markers with a biophysical dispersal model to test whether oceanographic processes could explain patterns of genetic ergence. We identified significant variation in allele frequencies over distances of less than 10 km, with significant differentiation occurring between adjacent sites but not between the most geographically distant ones. Recruitment probabilities between sites based on simulated larval dispersal were projected into a measure of resistance to connectivity that was significantly correlated with patterns of genetic ergence, demonstrating that patterns of spatial genetic structure are a function of restrictions to gene flow imposed by oceanographic currents. This study advances our understanding of the role of larval dispersal on the fine-scale genetic structure of coral populations across a complex island system and applies a methodological framework that can be tailored to suit a variety of marine organisms with a range of life-history characteristics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-10-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-02-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-01-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2014.07.007
Abstract: Human-induced changes in flows of water, nutrients, and sediments have impacts on marine ecosystems. Quantifying these changes to systematically allocate management actions is a priority for many areas worldwide. Modeling nutrient and sediment loads and contributions from subcatchments can inform prioritization of management interventions to mitigate the impacts of land-based pollution on marine ecosystems. Among the catchment models appropriate for large-scale applications, N-SPECT and SedNet have been used to prioritize areas for management of water quality in coastal-marine ecosystems. However, an assessment of their relative performance, parameterization, and utility for regional-scale planning is needed. We examined how these considerations can influence the choice between the two models and the areas identified as priorities for management actions. We assessed their application in selected catchments of the Gulf of California, where managing land-based threats to marine ecosystems is a priority. We found important differences in performance between models. SedNet consistently estimated spatial variations in runoff with higher accuracy than N-SPECT and modeled suspended sediment (TSS) loads mostly within the range of variation in observed loads. N-SPECT overestimated TSS loads by orders of magnitude when using the spatially-distributed sediment delivery ratio (SDR), but outperformed SedNet when using a calibrated SDR. Differences in subcatchments' contribution to pollutant loads were principally due to explicit representation of sediment sinks and particulate nutrients by SedNet. Improving the floodplain extent model, and constraining erosion estimates by local data including gully erosion in SedNet, would improve results of this model and help identify effective management responses. Differences between models in the patterns of modeled pollutant supply were modest, but significantly influenced the prioritization of subcatchments for management.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
Publisher: Bulletin of Marine Science
Date: 28-10-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2017
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 12-11-2015
DOI: 10.3354/MEPS11477
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-02-2018
DOI: 10.1111/CONL.12441
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-07-2011
DOI: 10.3390/D3030356
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-11-2015
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.5334/DSJ-2023-018
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 08-07-2016
DOI: 10.1101/062869
Abstract: Remote populations can influence connectivity and may serve as refugia from climate change. Here, we investigated two reef-building corals ( Pseudodiploria strigosa and Orbicella franksi ) from the Flower Garden Banks (FGB) – the most isolated, high-latitude Caribbean reef system that retains high coral cover. We characterized coral size frequency distributions, quantified larval mortality rates and onset of competence, estimated larval production, and created detailed biophysical models incorporating these parameters to evaluate source-sink dynamics from 2009 to 2012. Mortality rates were similar across species but competency differed dramatically: P. strigosa was capable of metamorphosis within 2.5 days post fertilization (dpf), while O. franksi were not competent until dpf and remained competent up to 120dpf Despite these differences, models demonstrated that larvae of both types were similarly successful in reseeding the FGB. Nevertheless, corals with shorter pelagic larval durations (PLD), such as P. strigosa , were highly isolated from the rest of the Caribbean, while long PLD corals, such as O. franksi , could export larvae to distant northern Caribbean reefs. These results suggest that FGB coral populations are self-sustaining and highlight the potential of long PLD corals, such as endangered Orbicella , to act as larval sources for other degraded Caribbean reefs.
No related grants have been discovered for Johnathan Kool.