ORCID Profile
0009-0005-1284-5929
Current Organisations
University of Sydney
,
Aston University
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Publisher: EManuscript Technologies
Date: 2015
Publisher: JCFCorp SG PTE LTD
Date: 30-06-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-01-2020
Abstract: This study explored factors influencing parents’ and adolescents’ decisions to initiate, continue, and discontinue medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Three focus groups were conducted with parents (n = 23) of children with ADHD, and 2 with adolescents diagnosed with ADHD (n = 11). Parents and adolescents independently discussed the complexities surrounding their decisions to adhere to ADHD medication. Parents’ negative beliefs about medication (fear of side effects) discouraged them from initiating therapy. Once initiated, parents struggled in balancing the need to medicate (improvements in learning and behavior) and concerns (weight loss, perceived delayed development) about the medication. Parents who had more concerns about the medication were more in favor of discontinuation. For adolescents, the desire for self-expression without being medicated was the primary factor determining nonadherence and/or discontinuation of the medication. Adolescents’ medication-related concerns were relatively different from the parents. Phase- and group-specific interventions are required to improve medication adherence in people with ADHD.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S40199-021-00390-Z
Abstract: The social restrictions amid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have posed a serious threat to mental health and have implications in the use of medications for mental health including antidepressants (ADs). This study investigated the trends in prescriptions and costs of various ADs in England during COVID-19 pandemic. National prescribing rates and net ingredient costs (NIC) of all ADs prescriptions during 2016 to 2020 were analyed. The total number of ADs prescriptions dispensed during COVID-19 pandemic (January to December 2020) were 78 million, 4 million more than in 2019 that costed NHS England £ 139 million more than in 2019. Sertraline, an SSRI antidepressant drug, alone accounted for an extra £113 million during 2020 than in 2019. The peak dispensing for ADs was observed in March 2020 while the total costs for AD drugs peaked in April 2020. The rising prescription costs for ADs during COVID-19 pandemic is a potential cause of concern, in particular the increasing use in adolescents and younger adults needs attention, who are at a higher risk of life-threatening adverse drug reactions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13462
Abstract: Adherence to medication for attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is less than optimal. Previous studies have primarily focused on qualitative assessment of factors that influence medication adherence. This study aimed to quantify the factors that influence patient and parent preferences for continuing ADHD medication. A discrete‐choice experiment was conducted to investigate preferences. Adults, and parents of children, with ADHD were presented with eight hypothetical choice tasks of three options (Medication A, Medication B, No Medication) described by six attributes related to medication outcomes. Preferences were estimated using a mixed multinomial logit model. Overall, respondents' preferences ( n = 216) for continuing medication were negative (mean [ β ] = −1.426, p .001) however, a significant heterogeneity in preferences was observed amongst respondents (standard deviation = 0.805, p .001). Improvements in education, aggressive behaviour, social behaviour and family functioning, and side effects and stigma, influenced respondents' decision to continue taking medication. The respondents were willing to continue medication if they experienced positive effects, but side effects (even moderate) were the strongest concern for not continuing medication. While side effects were the most important factor for both adult patients and parents of children with ADHD, improvement in education was relatively more important for adults and improvement in aggressive behaviour, social behaviour and family functioning was relatively more important for parents of children with ADHD. Parents were more likely to not continue a medication with severe side effects even at the highest level of improvement in education. Side effects are the most important factor that influenced preferences for continuing medication for both adults with ADHD, as well as parents of children with ADHD. While overall the respondents preferred not to take/give medication, discrete‐choice experiment showed that the relative importance of factors that influenced continuation of medications was different for the two groups. Adults, and parents of children, with ADHD participated in this study by completing the online questionnaire. The questionnaire was based on findings of research in the literature, as well as earlier focus groups conducted with adults, and parents of children, with ADHD. The face validity of the questionnaire was determined by asking parents of children, and adults, with ADHD ( n = 3) to complete the survey and participate in a short discussion on their understanding of the questions and their recommendations on improving the clarity of the survey.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: JCFCorp SG PTE LTD
Date: 13-03-2015
DOI: 10.18549/PHARMPRACT.2015.01.523
Abstract: There is limited research on pharmacy specialization based differences with regards to usage of antibiotics. To compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students about usage and resistance of antibiotics in Southern India. This was a cross sectional study involving final year BPharm and PharmD students studying in two private institutions located in Andra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted for the period of 3 months. The questionnaire was ided into 5 components: demographics, knowledge about antibiotic use, attitude towards antibiotic use and resistance, self-antibiotic usage, and possible causes of antibiotic resistance. The study questionnaire was assessed for reliability. Data were analysed by employing Mann Whitney and chi square tests using SPSS version 19. The s le size comprised of 137 students. The response rate was 76.11% for the study. There was a significant difference in the knowledge of antibiotic use in BPharm and PharmD students (Mean score: 5.09 vs 6.18, p<0.001). The overall attitude of PharmD students about antibiotic use and resistance was positive compared to BPharm students (Mean score: 3.05 vs 2.23, p<0.05). The self-antibiotic practices was higher in BPharm students than PharmD students (36.4% vs 20%, p<0.05). A significantly high number of PharmD students believed that empirical antibiotic therapy led to antibiotic resistance (19.5% versus 48%, P<0.05). PharmD students were more knowledgeable about antibiotic usage and resistance compared to BPharm students who did not have accurate and the much needed information about the same. Future interventions should be targeted towards educating the BPharm students so that they can implement the acquired knowledge in their practice.
Publisher: JCDR Research and Publications
Date: 2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-09-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10943-016-0308-6
Abstract: Pakistan is one of the two countries where polio remains endemic. Among multiple reasons of polio prevalence, false religious beliefs are accounted as major barriers towards polio immunization in Pakistan. Within this context, religious scholars are now engaged in polio immunization c aigns to dismantle the myths and battle the resurgence of polio in Pakistan. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers of Muslim scholars towards polio immunization in Pakistan. A descriptive, cross-sectional survey of Muslim scholars was conducted in Quetta and Peshawar isions of Pakistan. From October to December 2015, a convenience s le of 770 Muslim scholars was recruited from the local mosques and religious institutions to participate in this study. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers were assessed by using self-administered, anonymous and pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and regression analyses were used to express the results with p < 0.05 taken as significant. Three hundred and forty-eight (45.2 %) participants exhibited good knowledge about polio with a mean score of 7.16 ± 2.12 (based on 14 questions). Knowledge gaps were identified about the transmission (32.6 %) and consequences of poliovirus (39.9 %). Overall, 527 (68.4 %) participants showed positive attitudes towards polio immunization with a mean attitude score of 27.35 ± 2.68 (based on nine statements). The majority of participants agreed on the need of depoliticizing polio immunization issues (87.1 %), while reservations were noted about their willingness to participate in future polio immunization programs (44.6 %). Security (75.8 %) and vaccine management issues (64 %) were reported by the participants as the major barriers towards polio immunization in Pakistan. The findings showed poor knowledge of Muslim scholars towards polio however, their attitudes were positive towards polio immunization. More studies are required to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Muslim scholars at the national level to validate the findings of this study.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-10-2023
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1979495
Abstract: The decision to initiate medication is complex and is influenced by a variety of factors. There is limited information on the relative importance of factors that influence the initiation of ADHD medication. To investigate the factors, and their relative importance, that influence the decision to initiate medication in adults, and parents of children, with ADHD. A discrete choice experiment was conducted using eight choice tasks made up of five attributes that described the outcomes of initiating medication. A mixed multinomial logit model was used to estimate preferences for medication. Respondents' overall preferences for initiating medication were negative (Mean (β)= -0.72705, Important differences in preferences of patients and parents were identified, highlighting that the decision to initiate medication is influenced differently in different in iduals and groups.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S11096-017-0443-5
Abstract: Background Shortage of qualified medical doctors and little or no access to basic medicines and medical facilities are the major rural health concerns in India. Expanding the role of pharmacists to provide prescribing services could improve rural health outcomes. Objective To assess the attitudes of rural population towards pharmacist prescribing and their interest in using expanded pharmacist prescribing services. Setting Rural population of Assam, India. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted for a period of 2 months from March to April 2016 in the State of Assam, India. A multi-stage s ling was used to recruit (n = 410) eligible participants. Main outcome measure Rural population attitudes towards, and interests in using, pharmacist prescribing services. Results The attitudes of participants were generally positive towards pharmacist prescribing. A large proportion of participants (81.5%) agreed that pharmacists should have a prescribing role in rural India. Participants indicated their interest in using expanded pharmacist prescribing services, with greater interests in receiving medications in emergency situations (79.7%) and getting a treatment plan for their medical problem (75.6%). Participants with low income and tertiary education had better attitudes and showed more interest towards expanded pharmacist prescribing services (p < 0.05). Conclusions Most participants had positive attitudes towards pharmacist prescribing and were interested in using expanded pharmacist prescribing services.
Publisher: JCDR Research and Publications
Date: 2016
Publisher: Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
Date: 02-08-2016
DOI: 10.3855/JIDC.7578
Abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic to be a public health emergency of international concern. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the highest risk of infection, as they may come into contact with patients’ blood or fluids. This study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes of HCWs towards EVD in India. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in a multispecialty public sector referral hospital of Telangana, India. Knowledge and attitude of HCWs were evaluated using a pre-validated questionnaire. A s le of 278 participants was selected to participate in this study. The Chi-squared test was used to assess the relationship between attitudes and demographic characteristics. Logistic regression was used examine the association between knowledge and study variables. Results: Of 257 participants who responded (92.4% response rate), 157 (61.1%) were females. The majority of the respondents were physicians (n = 117, 45.5%). Radio and television were the major sources of information about EVD reported by participants (89%). Overall knowledge of HCWs was poor (mean knowledge score: 6.57 ± 2.57). Knowledge of physicians and experienced workers (≥ 10 years) was significantly higher than their respective groups. The overall attitude of the participants was positive (mean attitude score: 1.62 ± 0.57). Significant positive correlations between knowledge and attitude were observed. Conclusions: The findings indicate that participants lack basic understanding of EVD. We recommend future studies be conducted across India to identify and subsequently bridge the knowledge gaps among HCWs.
Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
Date: 31-12-2016
Abstract: A poor understanding of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) among Health Care Professionals (HCPs) may put our lives at risk. We aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs of HCPs towards Ebola at Gondar University Hospital (GUH) in Northwest Ethiopia. We conducted a hospital based, cross-sectional survey among 245 randomly selected HCPs working at GUH from August-October, 2015. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. We calculated descriptive statistics with P0.05 being statistically significant. Of the 245 participants, 211 (86.1%) completed the study. The majority had heard about EVD and used news media (62%) as a source of information. Still, many were afraid of getting EVD (56.4% P=0.001). A significant number of HCPs thought EVD can cause paralysis like polio (45%) and can be treated with antibiotics (28.4%). In addition, 46.4% of the HCPs felt anger or fear towards Ebola infected patients (P=0.006). We identified poor knowledge and negative incorrect beliefs among doctors and allied health professionals. There is a need for intensive training for all HCPs reduce EVD risk.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 22-02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2019.06.001
Abstract: Adherence to prescribed medication is a dynamic process that changes over time. Whilst several measures have been used to examine adherence in patients with ADHD, it is not clear how these measures have been used to measure adherence in the context of its three phases (initiation, implementation, discontinuation). To examine measures used to assess medication adherence at its three phases in people with ADHD. The PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review. Six databases (Medline, PubMed, IPA, CINAHL, Embase, and PsycINFO) were systematically searched in October 2018, without any limitations on the start dates. Keywords reflecting three broad concepts (adherence, ADHD and measures) were used as part of the search strategy. Studies that assessed medication adherence in people with ADHD and described methods used to assess adherence were selected for this review. Forty-nine studies were included. Most (69.3%) examined adherence at the implementation phase. Claims databases, self-reported questionnaires, and prescription-refill records were used to measure adherence at the initiation, implementation, and discontinuation phase, respectively. Overall, self-reported questionnaires were the most frequently used measure at the implementation phase, but the psychometric properties were not reported in almost half of the studies that used these measures. Initiation and discontinuation phases of adherence have been relatively less examined in people with ADHD. Although self-reported questionnaires were the commonly used measures, the validity and reliability of these measures are of concern in guiding evidence-based practice. Measures with improved psychometric properties are needed that can examine adherence across its three phases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SAPHARM.2018.04.033
Abstract: Nonadherence to long-term medications attenuates optimum health outcomes. There is an abundance of research on measuring and identifying factors affecting medication adherence in a range of chronic medical conditions. However, there is a lack of standardisation in adherence research, namely in the methods and measures used. In the case of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, this lack of standardisation makes it difficult to compare and combine findings and to draw meaningful conclusions. Standardisation should commence with a universally accepted categorisation or taxonomy of adherence which takes into consideration the dynamic nature of medication-taking. This should then be followed by the use of valid and reliable measures of adherence which can accurately quantify adherence at any of its phases, and provide useful information which can be utilised in planning targeted interventions to improve adherence throughout the patient medication-taking journey.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10943-015-0136-0
Abstract: The Malaysian official Islamic authorities have issued a "fatwa" (Islamic ruling) regarding smoking practice which prohibits Muslims from smoking because of its potential harm to health. Since the prevalence of smoking among Malaysian students is high, this study was designed to explore the perceptions and opinions of Malaysian Muslim students towards smoking in International Islamic University of Malaysia. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted among School of Science students in International Islamic University Malaysia. Convenience s ling approach was used to recruit 323 students based on s le size calculation. A content- and face-validated questionnaire was used to collect the data from the participants. Non-smokers highly supported the fatwa on smoking forbiddance than smokers (94 vs 64.3 %, p = 0.001). A significant proportion of non-smokers believed that Islam prohibits smoking because of its potential harm (94.9 vs 71.4 %, p = 0.001). Majority of smokers agreed that addiction is the main barrier towards smoking cessation (78.6 vs 61.5 %, p = 0.019). The results showed positive influences of Islamic beliefs on the non-smokers. Further studies are required to validate these findings by surveying other universities of Malaysia.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2016
Publisher: JCDR Research and Publications
Date: 2015
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-2015
Publisher: Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute
Date: 17-06-2015
Abstract: Purpose: The goal of this study was to compare the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy and medical students regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs), as well as their perceptions of barriers to ADR reporting, in a Higher Education Commission-recognised Pakistani university.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year pharmacy (n=91) and medical (n=108) students in Pakistan from June 1 to July 31, 2014. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The responses of pharmacy students were compared to those of medical students.Results: Pharmacy students had a significantly better knowledge of ADRs than medical students (mean±SD, 5.61±1.78 vs. 3.23±1.60 P .001). Gender showed a significant relationship to knowledge about ADRs, and male participants were apparently more knowledgeable than their female counterparts (P .001). The attitudes of pharmacy students regarding their capability to handle and report ADRs were significantly more positive than those of medical students (P .05). In comparison to pharmacy students, a lack of knowledge of where and how to report ADRs was the main barrier that medical students perceived to ADR reporting (P=0.001).Conclusion: Final-year pharmacy students exhibited more knowledge about ADRs and showed more positive attitudes regarding their capacity to handle and report ADRs than final-year medical students.
Publisher: Korea Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute
Date: 16-06-2015
Abstract: Purpose: In Pakistan, courses in pharmacy practice, which are an essential component of the PharmD curriculum, were launched with the aim of strengthening pharmacy practice overall and enabling pharmacy students to cope with the challenges involved in meeting real-world healthcare needs. Since very little research has assessed the efficacy of such courses, we aimed to evaluate students’ perceptions of pharmacy practice courses and their opinions about whether their current knowledge of the topics covered in pharmacy practice courses is adequate for future practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over two months among the senior pharmacy students of two pharmacy colleges. A content- and face-validated questionnaire was used to collect data, which were then analysed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: Research in pharmacy practice (30.2%), applied drug information (34.4%), health policy (38.1%), public health and epidemiology (39.5%), pharmacovigilance (45.6%), and pharmacoeconomics (47.9%) were the major courses that were covered to the least extent in the PharmD curriculum. However, hospital pharmacy practice (94.4%), pharmacotherapeutics (88.8%), and community pharmacy practice (82.8%) were covered well. Although 94% of students considered these courses important, only 37.2% considered themselves to be competent in the corresponding topics. Of the participants, 87.9% agreed that the pharmacy courses in the present curriculum should be redesigned. Conclusion: Our results showed that the pharmacy practice courses in the current PharmD curriculum do not encompass some important core subjects. A nationwide study is warranted to further establish the necessity for remodelling pharmacy practice courses in Pakistan.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-02-2020
DOI: 10.1111/HEX.13031
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-08-2015
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2015
Publisher: Oman Medical Journal
Date: 17-07-2014
DOI: 10.5001/OMJ.2014.71
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: JCDR Research and Publications
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-09-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FPHAR.2021.693748
Abstract: Background: Australia has a high proportion of migrants with an increasing migration rate from India. Type II diabetes is a long-term condition common amongst the Indian population. Aims: To investigate patients’ medication-taking behaviour and factors that influence adherence at the three phases of adherence. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience s le of 23 Indian migrants living in Sydney. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results: 1) Initiation: The majority of participants were initially prescribed oral antidiabetic medicine and only two were started on insulin. Most started taking their medicine immediately while some delayed initiating therapy due to fear of side-effects. 2) Implementation : Most participants reported taking their medicine as prescribed. However, some reported forgetting their medicine especially when they were in a hurry for work or were out for social events. 3) Discontinuation: A few participants discontinued taking their medicine. Those who discontinued did so to try Ayurvedic medicine. Their trial continued for a few weeks to a few years. Those who did not receive expected results from the Ayurvedic medicine restarted their prescribed conventional medicine. Conclusion: A range of medication-taking behaviours were observed, ranging from delays in initiation to long-term discontinuation, and swapping of prescribed medicine with Ayurvedic medicine. This study highlights the need for tailored interventions, including education, that focus on factors that impact medication adherence from initiation to discontinuation of therapy.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-03-2021
Abstract: We investigated the prescription trends and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of ADHD drugs in primary care, England between 2010 and 2019. The Prescription Cost Analysis database presenting the primary care prescriptions data and the Interactive Drug Analysis Profiles presenting all suspected ADRs reported for each drug were screened. The data were analyzed using linear regression analysis to examine the annual average change per year. The prescription items dispensed for ADHD showed an average 11.07% (95% CI 10.54–11.60, p = .001) increase per year and there was a mean 11.54% (95% CI 11.03–12.06, p = .001) increase per year in the costs. The overall reporting of serious and fatal ADR was reduced by 1.79% per year for ADHD drugs. Guanfacine showed a 40% mean increase per year. The increasing use of ADHD drugs within primary care in England could be a result of multiple factors such as growing ADHD prevalence.
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-11-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-01-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-07-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10943-021-01438-9
Abstract: Australia has a high proportion of migrants, with an increasing migration rate from India. While many factors influence diabetes self-management among Indian migrants, very little is known about the influence of religious beliefs and spirituality. This study explored the religious beliefs of Indian migrants in Australia and the influence of those beliefs on their diabetes self-management. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience s le of 23 Indian migrants. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Most participants believed that prayers helped them alleviate stress and improve diabetes management participants also believed that receiving blessings rayers from religious leaders prevent or cure diseases including diabetes. There were mixed views on beliefs about using insulin obtained from animal sources. Some participants were concerned about the use of animal-based insulin as it was against their religious beliefs and teachings. Some participants believed that religious fasting does not have any impact on their diabetes while others believed that it can be detrimental to their health. Religious beliefs therefore played an important role in how Indian migrants managed their diabetes. Healthcare professionals should consider their patients' religious beliefs during consultations, enlist support, such as religious scholars, to better address people's misconceptions, and identify strategies for effective diabetes management that consider religious beliefs.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Muhammad Umair Khan.