ORCID Profile
0000-0002-8791-3456
Current Organisations
University of Lincoln
,
Fudan University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-022-28702-0
Abstract: Large-scale, highly integrated and low-power-consuming hardware is becoming progressively more important for realizing optical neural networks (ONNs) capable of advanced optical computing. Traditional experimental implementations need N 2 units such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) for an input dimension N to realize typical computing operations (convolutions and matrix multiplication), resulting in limited scalability and consuming excessive power. Here, we propose the integrated diffractive optical network for implementing parallel Fourier transforms, convolution operations and application-specific optical computing using two ultracompact diffractive cells (Fourier transform operation) and only N MZIs. The footprint and energy consumption scales linearly with the input data dimension, instead of the quadratic scaling in the traditional ONN framework. A ~10-fold reduction in both footprint and energy consumption, as well as equal high accuracy with previous MZI-based ONNs was experimentally achieved for computations performed on the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. The integrated diffractive optical network (IDNN) chip demonstrates a promising avenue towards scalable and low-power-consumption optical computational chips for optical-artificial-intelligence.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-08-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 15-08-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2017
DOI: 10.1002/HPM.2473
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 04-09-2009
DOI: 10.1364/OL.34.002724
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 30-06-2021
DOI: 10.1364/OE.432147
Abstract: Negative curvature hollow-core fibers (NC-HCFs) can boost the excellent performance of HCFs in terms of propagation loss, nonlinearity, and latency, while retaining large core and delicate cladding structures, which makes them distinctly different from conventional fibers. Construction of low-loss all-fiber NC-HCF architecture with conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs) is important for various applications. Here we demonstrate an efficient and reliable fusion splicing method to achieve low-loss connection between a NC-HCF and a conventional SMF. By controlling the mode-field profile of the SMF with a two-step reverse-tapering method, we realize a record-low insertion loss of 0.88 dB for a SMF/NC-HCF/SMF chain at 1310 nm. Our method is simple, effective, and reliable, compared with those methods that rely on intermediate bridging elements, such as graded-index fibers, and can greatly facilitate the integration of NC-HCFs and promote more advanced applications with such fibers.
Publisher: Optica Publishing Group
Date: 17-05-2023
DOI: 10.1364/OL.488570
Abstract: The nanobore fiber (NBF) is a promising nanoscale optofluidic platform due to its long nanochannel and unique optical properties. However, so far, the applications of NBF have been based only on its original fiber geometry without any extra functionalities, in contrast with various telecom fiber devices, which may limit its wide applications. Here, we provide the first, to the best of our knowledge, demonstration of NBF-based fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) introduced by either the femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing technique or the ultraviolet (UV) laser phase mask technique. Moreover, the FBG fabricated via the UV laser was optimized, achieving a high reflectivity of 96.89% and simultaneously preserving the open nanochannel. The NBF-based FBGs were characterized in terms of temperature variation and the infiltration of different liquids, and they showed high potential for nanofluidic applications.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 23-08-2022
DOI: 10.1136/EMERMED-2022-999.21
Abstract: Community first responders (CFRs) are volunteers delivering emergency medical assistance and maintaining a patient’s condition until an ambulance arrives. Previous research has highlighted the CFR role and relationships, motivations, practice and perceptions, and need for mental health support. However, factors influencing CFR practise in the field are a relatively underexplored area. We aimed to explore the factors embedded in CFR implementation processes that either facilitated or hindered CFRs’ activities and practice in the UK. In a qualitative study, we conducted interviews with CFRs and CFR leads, paramedics and ambulance clinicians, commissioners, patients and relatives across six English ambulance service regions. Thematic analysis, supported by NVivo, enabled the identification codes and themes. Overall, 47 participants were interviewed including CFR leads (15), CFRs (21), ambulance staff (4), and commissioners (2) from six ambulance services with patients and relatives (5) from the same regions. The findings revealed multi-layered factors influencing effective CFR functioning at three levels, namely in idual, institutional, and societal. CFRs’ local expertise helped them to navigate operational challenges. Use of a personal vehicle and navigation software aided CFRs’ ability to respond promptly. Continuing training improved CFRs’ skills. CFR functioning was facilitated by positive relationships with ambulance crews. Identification and recognition by patients were important and aided by wearing uniforms. Community support was a facilitator for CFR activities in rural areas. In contrast, limited communication in remote regions, long waits for an ambulance, and reliance on community donations impeded CFRs’ care function. Volunteer shortages and lack of access to a blue light while using trusts’ car hindered CFRs’ ability to respond quickly. Negative relationships with ambulance crews also h ered CFRs’ involvement. This study highlights factors associated with effective CFR functioning and the requirement for supportive institutional and societal contexts for CFRs to assist patients in medical emergencies.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2022
Abstract: Spatial manipulation of a precise number of viruses for host cell infection is essential for the extensive studies of virus pathogenesis and evolution. Albeit optical tweezers have been advanced to the atomic level via optical cooling, it is still challenging to efficiently trap and manipulate arbitrary number of viruses in an aqueous environment, being restricted by insufficient strength of optical forces and a lack of multifunctional spatial manipulation techniques. Here, by employing the virus hopping and flexibility of moving the laser position, multifunctional virus manipulation with a large trapping area is demonstrated, enabling single or massive (a large quantity of) virus transporting, positioning, patterning, sorting, and concentrating. The enhanced optical forces are produced by the confinement of light in engineered arrays of nanocavities by fine tuning of the interference resonances, and this approach allows trapping and moving viruses down to 40 nm in size. The work paves the way to efficient and precise manipulation of either single or massive groups of viruses, opening a wide range of novel opportunities for virus pathogenesis and inhibitor development at the single‐virus level.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-01-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-022-08960-W
Abstract: A key focus is placed on engaging communities to become involved in making decisions to support health and care services in healthcare policies in England, UK. An ex le is the deployment of volunteers such as community first responders (CFRs), who are members of the public with basic life support skills, trained to intervene in emergency situations prior to the arrival of ambulance services. CFR policies have been devised by National Health Service (NHS) Trusts as a way of governing these and related activities. This paper critically examines the discourse around CFR policies to understand how CFR roles are organised and monitoring governance mechanisms are delineated in ensuring quality care delivery. We collected ten CFR policies from six ambulance services. Inductive analysis, guided by Foucault’s theory, enabled the identification of themes and subthemes. We found that Trusts have a common goal to make care quality assurances to regulatory bodies on CFR roles, and this is depicted in common hierarchies of in idual responsibilities across Trusts. However, policies that govern approaches to CFRs activity vary. Firstly, the paper highlights institutional approaches to ensuring public safety through the application of organised surveillance systems to monitor CFR activities, and draws parallels between such surveillance and Foucault’s docile bodies. Secondly, the paper discusses how varying rules in the surveillance system compromises safety by decentralising knowledge to regulatory bodies to whom NHS Trusts must make safety assurances. We suggest that stronger interrelationships between Trusts in considering the CFR role has potential to increase public safety and outline a clearer direction for CFRs.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 24-05-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-08-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12906-022-03688-W
Abstract: Complementary Medicine (CM) is widely used internationally but there is limited understanding of the forms of knowledge CM practitioners use in their clinical practice and how they use this knowledge in interactions with patients . This review aims to synthesise the existing evidence on the forms of knowledge that are mobilised, and the role of this knowledge in the interactions between practitioners and patients during CM consultations. It considered a erse range of CM practice areas to develop a classification of CM practitioners’ knowledge use in consultations. Systematic searches of health and sociology databases were conducted using core concepts, including complementary and alternative medicine, practitioners, and knowledge. Articles were included where they reported on data from recorded CM practitioner and patient consultations and offered insights into the types and applications of knowledge used in these consultations. 16 unique studies were included in the review. Data were extracted, coded and analysed thematically. Results demonstrate that erse sources of knowledge were mobilised by practitioners, predominantly derived from the patients themselves –their bodies and their narratives. This reflected principles of patient-centredness. The use of discipline specific forms of knowledge and references to biomedical sources illustrated ongoing efforts towards legitimacy for CM practice. CM practitioners are navigating tensions between what some might see as competing, others as complementary, forms of knowledge. The classification system provides a useful tool for promoting critically reflective practice by CM practitioners, particularly in relation to self-assessment of knowledge translation and patient interactions.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 10-02-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-09-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-02-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S13049-023-01071-3
Abstract: Community First Responder (CFR) schemes are a long-established service supplementing ambulance trusts in their local community in the United Kingdom. CFRs are community members who volunteer to respond to people with life-threatening conditions. Previous studies highlighted the motivations for becoming CFRs, their training, community (un)awareness and implications of their work on themselves and others. The practices of CFRs in prehospital care remain underexplored. Therefore, we aimed to explore real-world practice of Community First Responders and their contribution to prehospital emergency care. We conducted 47 interviews with CFRs (21), CFR leads (15), ambulance clinicians (4), commissioners (2) and patients and relatives (5) from six ambulance services and regions of England, United Kingdom. Thematic analysis enabled identification of themes and subthemes, with subsequent interpretation built on the theory of practice wisdom. Our analysis revealed the embeddedness of the concept of doing the right thing at the right time in CFR practice. CFRs’ work consisted of a series of sequential and interconnected activities which included: identifying patients’ signs, symptoms and problems information sharing with the ambulance control room on the patient’s condition providing a rapid emergency response including assessment and care and engaging with ambulance clinicians for patient transfer. The patient care sequence began with recognising patients’ signs and symptoms, and validation of patient information provided by the ambulance control room. The CFRs shared patient information with ambulance control who in turn notified the ambulance crew en-route. The practices of CFRs also included delivery of emergency care before ambulance clinicians arrived. Following the delivery of a rapid emergency response, CFRs engaged with the ambulance crew to facilitate patient transfer to the nearest medical facility. The sequential CFR practices supported ambulance services in delivering prehospital and emergency care in rural areas. CFR practices were founded on the principle of practice wisdom where CFRs constructed their practice decisions based on the patient’s condition, their training, availability of equipment and medications and their scope of practice.
Publisher: OSA
Date: 2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2009
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Limin Xiao.