ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0282-3505
Current Organisation
Flinders University
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Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.5334/JOC.92
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-06-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-05-2015
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 06-09-2019
DOI: 10.1167/19.10.261C
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-08-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-04-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-06-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-019-45789-6
Abstract: “The cheerleader effect” refers to the increase in attractiveness that an in idual face experiences when seen in a group of other faces. It has been proposed that the cheerleader effect occurs because (a) the visual system rapidly summarises a group of faces into an ensemble representation, (b) which is hypothesised to be highly attractive because of its average facial characteristics, and (c) observers remember in idual faces to be more alike the ensemble representation than they were, due to hierarchical structure of visual working memory. Across three experiments, we investigated whether the cheerleader effect is consistent with hierarchical encoding, by asking observers to give attractiveness ratings to the same target faces shown in groups and alone. Consistent with hierarchical encoding, the largest attractiveness increases of 1.5–2.0% occurred when target faces were presented in groups of faces that could be mentally summarised to create an ensemble representation with average facial characteristics. Surprisingly, smaller cheerleader effects still occurred in conditions that were incompatible with hierarchical encoding (i.e., groups with non-human images). Together, these results offer only limited evidence for the role of hierarchical encoding in the cheerleader effect, suggesting that alternative mechanisms must be explored in future research.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-12-2020
Abstract: In idual faces are rated as more attractive when presented in a group compared with when presented in idually a finding dubbed the “cheerleader effect.” As a relatively recent discovery, the conditions necessary to observe the effect are not clearly understood. We sought to better define these conditions by examining two parameters associated with the effect. Our first aim was to determine whether the effect is specific to faces or occurs also for human bodies. Both face and body images were rated as being more attractive when presented in groups than when presented in isolation, demonstrating that the cheerleader effect is not restricted to faces. Furthermore, the effect was significantly larger for bodies than faces. Our second aim was to determine whether the cheerleader effect originates from a bias in memory or occurs during perceptual encoding. Participants in the “memory” condition provided attractiveness ratings after images had been removed from the testing screen, whereas participants in the “perceptual” condition provided ratings while the images remained visible, thereby eliminating the memory components of the paradigm. Significant cheerleader effects were only observed in the memory condition. We conclude that the cheerleader effect for faces and bodies is due to a bias in memory and does not occur at an initial stage of perceptual encoding.
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 22-08-2013
DOI: 10.1167/13.10.13
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1068/P6703
Abstract: Faces of in iduals with African and European heritage (henceforth referred to as Black and White respectively) feature two major differences: those of skin tone and morphological characteristics. Although considerations of perceived race are important to various psychological subdisciplines, to date the relative influence of morphological versus photometric characteristics has not been investigated. We attempted to influence the perceived racial typicality of a central target face by manipulating perceived skin tone using the well-known lightness contrast illusion. As expected, ratings of skin tone were influenced by surround faces, yet ratings of perceived racial typicality were not, suggesting a dissociation between the two judgments. Surprisingly, skin tone contributes little to perceived race, leaving facial morphology as the dominant cue. These results may shed light on failures to find effects of racial typicality in studies of prejudice where judgments were based on photographs with altered skin tone alone.
Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)
Date: 07-10-2020
DOI: 10.1167/JOV.20.10.11
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
No related grants have been discovered for O. Scott Gwinn.