ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3233-4000
Current Organisations
Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
,
University of Canterbury
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2017
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 03-03-2015
DOI: 10.1063/1.4913602
Abstract: The importance of hydrodynamics upon the response of a microcantilever immersed in a viscous fluid has been well established [J. E. Sader, J. Appl. Phys. 84, 64 (1998) C. A. Eysden and J. E. Sader, J. Appl. Phys. 101, 044908 (2007)]. It has previously been shown that the presence of a nearby rigid planar surface can significantly alter a microcantilever's non-contact response, through microcantilever–surface hydrodynamic interactions [C. P. Green and J. E. Sader, Phys. Fluids 17, 073102 (2005) C. P. Green and J. E. Sader, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 114913 (2005) R. J. Clarke et al., J. Fluid Mech. 545, 397426 (2005) R. J. Clarke et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 050801 (2006).]. In cases where the nearby surface is a finite-sized deformable body, such as in noncontact microrheology measurements, we expect to see further changes in the microcantilever's response. Hence, we here compute the thermal spectra of several microcantilevers in the presence of different compliant s les that have the characteristics of soft biological fibres. Our findings demonstrate that the elastohydrodynamic regime can substantially dictate the extent to which the compliance of a given body is evident in the microcantilever's thermal spectra, and suggest that certain nondimensional quantities should lie within particular, ranges for this to be the case. We expect these findings to be of interest in areas such as Atomic Force Microscopy, microsensing, and non-contact microrheology.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Date: 09-01-2012
DOI: 10.2514/6.2012-1020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/3/032008
Abstract: A scaling or nondimensionalisation of atmospheric buoyancy vortices for power generation (based on the Oberbeck-Boussinesq assumption) is proposed that uses a published formulation from the study of Rotating Rayleigh-Benard Convection. This is combined with assumptions that the vortex flows are pseudo-cyclostrophic and that a radial Richardson number can serve as a predictor of the onset of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability leading to a transition to a turbulent plume, in order to locate the cold reservoir of the vortex when viewed as a heat engine. This permits the prediction of the behaviour of large vortices in atmosphere using data from experiments on small vortices.
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Date: 09-01-2012
DOI: 10.2514/6.2012-538
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 25-01-2004
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-2023
DOI: 10.1063/5.0133840
Abstract: Retarding field energy analyzers and Langmuir probes are routinely used to obtain ion and electron-energy distribution functions (IEDF and EEDF). These typically require knowledge of the first and second derivatives of the current–voltage characteristics, both of which can be obtained using analog and numerical techniques. A frequent problem with electric-probe plasma diagnostics is the noise from the plasma environment and measurement circuits. This poses challenges inherent to differentiating noisy signals, which often require prior filtering of the raw current–voltage data before evaluating the distribution functions. A review of commonly used filtering and differentiation techniques is presented. It covers analog differentiator circuits, polynomial fitting (Savitzky–Golay filter and B-spline fitting), window filtering (Gaussian and Blackman windows) methods as well as the AC superimposition and Gaussian deconvolution routines. The application of each method on experimental datasets with signal-to-noise ratios ranging from 44 to 66 dB is evaluated with regard to the dynamic range, energy resolution, and signal distortion of the obtained IEDF and EEDF as well as to the deduced plasma parameters.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Date: 09-01-2012
DOI: 10.2514/6.2012-536
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEDENGPHY.2014.07.011
Abstract: Flow within a model surgical opening during insufflation with heated carbon dioxide was studied using computational fluid dynamics. A volume of fluid method was used to simulate the mixture of ambient air and carbon dioxide gas. The negative buoyancy of the carbon dioxide caused it to fill the wound and form a protective layer on the internal surfaces for a range of flow rates, temperatures, and angles of patient inclination. It was observed that the flow remained attached to the surface of the model due to the action of the Coanda effect. A flow rate of 10 L/min was sufficient to maintain a warm carbon dioxide barrier for a moderately sized surgical incision for all likely angles of inclination.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 07-2015
Abstract: We describe a new boundary-integral representation for biphasic mixture theory, which allows us to efficiently solve certain elastohydrodynamic–mobility problems using boundary element methods. We apply this formulation to model the motion of a rigid particle through a microtube which has non-uniform wall shape, is filled with a viscous Newtonian fluid, and is lined with a thin poroelastic layer. This is relevant to scenarios such as the transport of small rigid cells (such as neutrophils) through microvessels that are lined with an endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL). In this context, we examine the impact of geometry upon some recently reported phenomena, including the creation of viscous eddies, fluid flux into the EGL, as well as the role of the EGL in transmitting mechanical signals to the underlying endothelial cells.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-01-2019
DOI: 10.1017/JFM.2017.896
Abstract: We consider pressure-driven flow of an ion-carrying viscous Newtonian fluid through a non-uniformly shaped channel coated with a charged deformable porous layer, as a model for blood flow through microvessels that are lined with an endothelial glycocalyx layer (EGL). The EGL is negatively charged and electrically interacts with ions dissolved in the blood plasma. The focus here is on the interplay between electrochemical effects, and the pressure-driven flow through the microvessel. To analyse these effects we use triphasic mixture theory (TMT) which describes the coupled dynamics of the fluid phase, the elastic EGL, ion transport within the fluid and electric fields within the microvessel. The resulting equations are solved numerically using a coupled boundary–finite element method (BEM-FEM) scheme. However, in the physiological regime considered here, ion concentrations and electric potentials vary rapidly over a thin transitional region (Debye layer) that straddles the lumen–EGL interface, which is difficult to resolve numerically. Accordingly we analyse this region asymptotically, to determine effective jump conditions across the interface for BEM-FEM computations within the bulk EGL/lumen. Our results demonstrate that ion–EGL electrical interactions can influence the near-wall flow, causing it to become reversed. This alters the stresses exerted upon the vessel wall, which has implications for the hypothesised role of the EGL as a transmitter of mechanical signals from the blood flow to the endothelial vessel surface.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2013
DOI: 10.1002/WE.1501
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1063/5.0070924
Abstract: A radio frequency plasma device is presented in which the regions of plasma creation and maximum plasma magnetization can be separated along a 1.5-m tube. Measurements of the plasma density, plasma potential, and electron temperature in the device successfully reproduce previously reported plasma features. These validate the ability of the experiment to continue the investigation of a regime of operation in which the axial plasma density follows the profile of the applied magnetic field, as long as the ions are magnetized under the antenna. The density is shown to increase on axis owing to the decreasing cross section of the converging magnetic funnel connecting the antenna region to the solenoids. When the funnel pinching is increased, stronger magnetic fields are required to inhibit cross-field diffusion and to bring the density on axis in the expected 1012 cm−3 range. Collisionless transport of hot electron populations is observed along the field lines which intersect the area under the antenna and coincides with the presence of high-density conics more than 0.5 m away from the antenna for magnetic fields ≥600 G.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1999
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 06-01-2009
Abstract: Ludwig Wittgenstein, destined to be one of the most influential philosophers of the western world, entered Manchester University in 1908 as an aeronautical engineering research student. At Manchester he devised and patented a novel aero-engine that employed propeller-blade tip-jets. As a first practical step to the realization of this device, Wittgenstein constructed a variable-volume combustion chamber, but on departing for Cambridge he abandoned all further work on the project. The plans of this chamber survived and are presented in this paper. This article includes a detailed description of the drawings and an analysis of the probable function of the system.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062025
Abstract: Evaluation of the performance of the WRF model is carried out for simulating the surface winds and the diurnal cycle of wind speed for the small island developing state of Fiji at a 1.33 km by 1.33 km grid resolution using 1deg gridded data from NCEP-FNL. Simulations are performed for an austral summer (January 2017) and an austral winter (July 2017) month using the dynamical downscaling and the two-way nested approach. A set of physics parameterization schemes together with topo_wind = 1, 2 and ysu_topdown_pblmix = 1 physics settings associated with YSU PBL scheme are used to correct the surface winds and the diurnal cycle of wind speed. The results reveal that the WRF model is able to capture the surface winds and the diurnal cycle of wind speed on the windward side. Surface winds on the leeward side and the outer islands, show positive bias especially at nighttime for January and at both the day and night time for July. The statistical evaluation of all stations for January (July) showed a bias of 1.16 m/s (1.89 m/s), RMSE of 2.40 m/s (3.14 m/s), STDE of 1.88 m/s (2.08 m/s) and diurnal cycle correlation of 0.74 (0.68) using topo_wind = 2 and ysu_topdown_pblmix = 1.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-06-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-04-2016
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 29-09-1998
DOI: 10.1117/12.323350
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHIN.2016.11.006
Abstract: Surgical site infections remain a significant burden on healthcare systems and may benefit from new countermeasures. To assess the merits of open surgical wound CO An experimental approach with engineers and clinical researchers was employed to measure the gas flow pattern and motion of airborne particles in a model of an open surgical wound in a simulated theatre setting. Laser-illuminated flow visualizations were performed and the degree of protection was quantified by collecting and characterizing particles deposited in and outside the wound cavity. The average number of particles entering the wound with a diameter of <5μm was reduced 1000-fold with 10L/min CO Airborne particles were deflected from entering the wound by the CO
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-02-2022
DOI: 10.1177/0309524X221075808
Abstract: This study carries out an analysis of the 10 MW Butoni wind farm in the tropical southwest Pacific island of Fiji using 6 years of uninterrupted near-surface wind observations (2013–2018). The standard wind-industry software, WAsP is used to analyse and evaluate the wind characteristics of the wind farm and the surrounding areas. The modelled and operational AEP are discussed with the related economic analysis together with the main causes for the under-performance of the wind farm. The results revealed that the mean wind speed, power density and the AEP at the Butoni wind farm are below the utility-scale standard of 6.4 m/s, 300 W/m 2 and 500 MWh/year/turbine respectively, at 55 m above ground level (AGL). The main reason for the under-performance of the wind farm is that it was commissioned for a low mean wind speed regime of Wind Power Class 1. The wind farm has a lower-than-expected capacity factor of 5.4% and a higher wind shear coefficient of 0.35. An economic analysis revealed that the payback time is 24.5 years, and the cost of energy generation is FJD $ 0.55/kWh.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 16-06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-01-2022
Abstract: We study peristaltic flow in a C-shaped compliant tube representing the first section of the small intestine—the duodenum. A benchtop model comprising of a silicone tube filled with a glycerol-water mixture deformed by a rotating roller was created. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to image flow patterns for deformations approximating conditions in the duodenum (contraction litude of 34% and wave speed 13 mm/s). Reversed flow was present underneath the roller with fluid moving opposite to the direction of the peristaltic wave propagation. Deformations of the tube were imaged and used to construct a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of flow with moving boundaries. The PIV and CFD vorticity and velocity fields were qualitatively similar. The vorticity field was integrated over the imaging region to compute the total circulation and there was on average a 22% difference in the total circulation between the experimental and numerical results. Higher shear rates were observed with water compared to the higher viscosity fluids. This model is a useful tool to study the effect of digesta properties, anatomical variations, and peristaltic contraction patterns on mixing and transport in the duodenum in health and disease.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MEDENGPHY.2009.07.013
Abstract: The implementation of artificial ventilation schemes is necessary when respiration fails. One approach involves the application of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) to the respiratory system. Oscillatory airflow in the upper bronchial tree can be characterized by Reynolds numbers as high as 10(4), hence, the flow presents turbulent features. In this study, transitional and turbulent flow within an asymmetric bifurcating model of the upper airway during HFOV are studied using large eddy simulation (LES) methods. The flow, characterized by a peak Reynolds number of 8132, is analysed using a validated LES model of a three-dimensional branching geometry. The pressures, velocities, and vorticity within the flow are presented and compared with prior models for branching flow systems. The results demonstrate how pendelluft occurs at asymmetric branches within the respiratory system. These results may be useful in optimising treatments using HFOV methods.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2017
Abstract: Modifications to the New Zealand Building Code are currently being considered, which may create a requirement to assess impact noise horizontally not just vertically. The test would be similar to vertical tests as described in ISO 140-7:1998, but sound pressure levels are proposed to be measured instead in the closest living space in an adjacent apartment which shares a common floor system. This work seeks to identify and validate different mathematical and computational methods for predicting the results of horizontal impact tests. Three methodologies were tested: finite element method software, statistical energy analysis and an analytical solution derived from the governing partial differential equations. These methods were applied to two different floor systems: a concrete double tee floor and a concrete floor supported by concrete beams and columns. Limitations were found for all of the methods, and caution is advised when using these to design to horizontal impact noise criteria.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-2023
Abstract: To improve the efficiency of radio-frequency magnetic nozzle plasma thrusters, it is important to better understand the coupling between plasma expansion and a convergent– ergent magnetic field. This study explores the effects of magnetic field strength and orientation on plasma expansion in a magnetic nozzle. Two-dimensional measurements of the plasma characteristics obtained both in the source and in the expansion region are presented to investigate the influence of magnetic field strength on the formation of high-density conics in a symmetric magnetic nozzle. The measurements are repeated in a deflected magnetic nozzle using a novel magnetic steering system. Measurements of the ion saturation current and floating potential profiles are used respectively to qualitatively assess the plasma density distribution and the presence of high-energy electrons for the magnetic field configurations analysed. In the symmetric magnetic nozzle configuration, it is observed that the ion saturation current peaks on axis in the plasma source, but downstream of the nozzle throat, a double-peaked hollow profile is observed for all cases studied. The location of the high-density conics structure matches the most radial field lines that intersect the antenna and can freely expand downstream outside the source. Negative values of the floating potential are measured in the same peripheral regions, which could be a sign of the presence of high-energy electrons. When the magnetic field is deflected, the ion saturation current profile shows only a single peak centred around the bent field line that reconnects to the antenna. Again, a region of negative floating potential is measured at the location of the maximum ion current. Thus, it is shown how, independent of magnetic field strength and orientation, the magnetic field lines interacting with the antenna dictate the local plasma profiles downstream from the magnetic nozzle.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 30-11-2002
DOI: 10.1017/S0022112002002264
Abstract: This paper reports on an experimental investigation to determine the structure and mean flow quantities of round zero-net-mass-flux (ZNMF) jets. These jets are generated by a piston oscillating in a cavity behind a circular orifice. Several different flow patterns were observed with dye flow visualization and a parameter map of these was generated. Cross-correlation digital particle image velocimetry was used to measure instantaneous two-dimensional in-plane velocity fields in a plane containing the orifice axis. These velocity fields are used to investigate the existence of a self-preserving velocity profile in the far field of the ZNMF jet. The mean flow quantities and turbulent statistics of the ZNMF jets were compared with measurements for ‘equivalent’ continuous jets in the same apparatus. Phase-averaged velocity measurements were obtained in the near field of the ZNMF jets and were used to determine the radial entrainment. The out-of-plane vorticity fields were also investigated to gain an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the difference in spreading rate of ZNMF jets compared to conventional continuous jets. A conceptual model of the ZNMF jet structure in the near field for Strouhal numbers much less than one is proposed that explains the observed behaviour of these ZNMF jets.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-07-2013
DOI: 10.1002/WE.1525
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S10439-016-1604-8
Abstract: Nasal high flow (NHF) therapy is used to treat a variety of respiratory disorders to improve patient oxygenation. A CO2 washout mechanism is believed to be responsible for the observed increase in oxygenation. In this study, experimentally validated Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations of the CO2 concentration within the upper airway during unassisted and NHF assisted breathing were undertaken with the aim of exploring the existence of this washout mechanism. An anatomically accurate nasal cavity model was generated from a CT scan and breathing was reproduced using a Fourier decomposition of a physiologically measured breath waveform. Time dependent CO2 profiles were obtained at the entrance of the trachea in the experimental model, and were used as simulation boundary conditions. Flow recirculation features were observed in the anterior portion of the nasal cavity upon application of the therapy. This causes the CO2 rich gas to vent from the nostrils reducing the CO2 concentration in the dead space and lowering the inspired CO2 volume. Increasing therapy flow rate increases the penetration depth within the nasal cavity of the low CO2 concentration gas. A 65% decrease in inspired CO2 was observed for therapy flow rates ranging from 0 to 60 L min(-1) supporting the washout mechanism theory.
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.2514/1.A35282
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 1998
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 04-02-2004
DOI: 10.1063/1.1647143
Abstract: Planar-laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements have been used to investigate the mean passive scalar field in round zero-net-mass-flux jets in cross-flow (ZNMF-JICF). The ZNMF-JICF are formed in a working fluid without net transfer of mass across the system boundary during one period of oscillation. Ensemble-averaged PLIF images of sixteen different ZNMF-JICF are studied and compared. Two distinct flow regimes are observed single trajectory ZNMF-JICF and multiple trajectory ZNMF-JICF. Single trajectory ZNMF-JICF demonstrate mixing of the bulk of the fluid outside the upstream boundary layer, while multiple trajectory ZNMF-JICF can penetrate more deeply into the ambient cross-flow. A critical Strouhal number of Stcrit=0.02 was found for the generation apparatus that can be used to distinguish between these two regimes. The penetration of the single trajectory ZNMF-JICF does not exhibit the same dependence on velocity ratio observed in the measurements of continuous JICF.
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Date: 10-01-2014
DOI: 10.2514/6.2014-0711
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-11-2015
DOI: 10.1017/JFM.2015.627
Abstract: The stability of an almost inviscid compressible fluid flowing over a rigid heated surface is considered. We focus on the boundary layer that arises. The effect of surface heating is known to induce a streamwise acceleration in the boundary layer near the surface. This manifests in a streamwise velocity which exhibits a maximum larger than the free-stream velocity (i.e. the streamwise velocity exhibits an ‘overshoot’ region). We explore the impact of this overshoot on the stability of the boundary layer, demonstrating that the compressible form of the classical Rayleigh equation (which governs the development of short wavelength instabilities) possesses a new unstable mode that is a direct consequence of this overshoot. The structure of this new class of modes in the small wavenumber limit is detailed, providing a valuable confirmation of our numerical results obtained from the full inviscid eigenvalue problem.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-03-2015
DOI: 10.1002/WE.1722
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/APP13106092
Abstract: The use of in silico models to improve our understanding of the fluid dynamics within the gastrointestinal tract has increased over the last few decades. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an in silico technique that can be used to characterize and model the fluid mechanics driving the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients. This systematic review outlines the current methodologies used to develop CFD models of the stomach and small intestine, and summarizes the flow and mixing patterns predicted from these models. A literature search was conducted on Scopus, and 15 stomach CFD studies and 15 small intestine CFD studies were included in this review after the literature selection and exclusion process. Two primary flow patterns retropulsive flow and recirculation regions, were identified within the stomach CFD models. The flow patterns within the small intestine were depended on the type of motility pattern present. The shortcomings of the current models are discussed, and considerations for future gastric and intestinal flow modeling are provided.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1618/6/062004
Abstract: A transient simulation of a two inline wind turbines during the evening transition period is modelled using Large Eddy Simulation with an actuator disc method. Two inline turbines are placed parallel to the stream-wise direction and the distance between the turbines is seven rotor diameters. The wind profiles and turbulence data are produced by a precursor simulation. The simulation was carried out for four physical hours and the surface heat flux varies with time according to the evening period. The wind profile evolves over the transition period and the atmospheric stability gradually changes from unstable in the late afternoon to a stable condition in the evening. The wake recovers more quickly in the afternoon and it recovers more slowly corresponding to the changes in atmospheric stability. This causes a reduction in the power output and the mean thrust load of the downstream turbine over the period. Additionally, the velocity spectrum displays higher fluctuations at the downstream turbine.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-05-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2014
Publisher: SPIE
Date: 29-09-1998
DOI: 10.1117/12.323370
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1063/5.0135070
Abstract: The small intestine is the primary site of enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption in humans. Intestinal contractions facilitate digesta transport, mixing, and contact with the absorptive surfaces. Previous computational models have been limited to idealized contraction patterns and/or simplified geometries to study digesta transport. This study develops a physiologically realistic model of flow and mixing in the first segment of the small intestine (duodenum) based upon a geometry obtained from the Visible Human Project dataset and contraction patterns derived from electrophysiological simulations of slow wave propagation. Features seen in previous simpler models, such as reversed flow underneath the contracting region, were also present in this model for water, Newtonian liquid digesta, and non-Newtonian (power law) whole digesta. An increase in the contraction litude from 10% to 50% resulted in faster transport with mean speeds over a cycle increasing from 1.7 to 8.7 mm/s. Glucose transport was advection dominated with Peclet numbers greater than 104. A metric of glucose mixing was computed, with 0 representing no mixing and 1 representing perfect mixing. For antegrade contractions at a 50% litude, the metric after 60 s was 0.99 for water, 0.6 for liquid digesta, and 0.19 for whole digesta. Retrograde contractions had a negligible impact on the flow and mixing. Colliding wavefronts resulted in swirling flows and increased the mixing metric by up to 2.6 times relative to antegrade slow wave patterns. The computational framework developed in this study provides new tools for understanding the mixing and nutrient absorption patterns under normal and diseased conditions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-04-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S10439-018-2034-6
Abstract: The primary source of infections in open surgeries has been found to be bacteria and viruses carried into the surgical wound on the surfaces of skin particles shed by patients and surgical staff. In open cardiac surgeries, insufflation of the wound with carbon dioxide is used to limit the quantity of air able to enter into the heart, avoiding air embolisms when the heart is restarted. This surgical technique has been evaluated as a method of limiting the number of skin particles able to enter into the wound, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental testing. Spherical particles of 5.0 and 13.5 μm in diameter were used to simulate skin particles falling above a wound, travelling in air ventilation velocities of either 0.2 or 0.4 m/s, and with or without CO
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: Australian Mathematical Publishing Association, Inc.
Date: 29-12-2016
Publisher: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Date: 27-05-2016
DOI: 10.2514/6.2016-2954
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2021.1984434
Abstract: The ability of the lymphatic network to absorb large molecules and bypass the first-pass liver metabolism makes it appealing as a delivery system for therapeutic substances. In most cases, the drug is injected into the subcutaneous tissue and must negotiate the tissue space, before being drained via the lymphatics. Tracking the transport of drug molecules through this route is challenging, and computational models of lymphatic drainage can play an important role in assessing the efficacy of a proposed delivery strategy. The three-dimensional computational model we present here of the peripheral lymphatic network and surrounding interstitium is informed by anatomical data, and quantifies the degree to which uptake and transit times are affected by drug particle size, physiological flow rates, and specifics of drug injection.
Location: No location found
Location: New Zealand
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Start Date: 2019
End Date: 2022
Funder: Marsden Fund
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2006
End Date: 2008
Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2018
End Date: 2021
Funder: Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
View Funded Activity