ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1537-9637
Current Organisations
University of the Republic
,
RMIT University
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Nanomaterials | Synthesis of Materials | Nanotechnology | Nanobiotechnology |
Diagnostic Methods | Human Diagnostics | Expanding Knowledge in Technology
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-03-2019
Abstract: Gold nanoparticles are inert for the human body, and therefore, they have been functionalized to provide them with antibacterial properties. Here, elongated tetrahexahedral (ETHH) Au nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and functionalized with lipoic acid (LA), a natural antioxidant with a terminal carboxylic acid and a dithiolane ring, to generate ETHH-LA Au nanoparticles. The antioxidant activity of Au nanoparticles was investigated in vitro, showing that LA enhances the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging and Fe
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1063/1.5079883
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-09-2020
Abstract: There is a growing demand for better delivery systems to improve the stability and efficacy of DNA vaccines. Here we report the synthesis of a non-viral DNA vaccine delivery system using a novel adjuvanted solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN-A) platform as a carrier for a DNA vaccine candidate encoding the Urease alpha (UreA) antigen from Helicobacter pylori. Cationic SLN-A particles containing monophosphoryl lipid A (adjuvant) were synthesised by a modified solvent-emulsification method and were investigated for their morphology, zeta potential and in vitro transfection capacity. Particles were found to bind plasmid DNA to form lipoplexes, which were characterised by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and fluorescence microscopy. Cellular uptake studies confirmed particle uptake within 3 h, and intracellular localisation within endosomal compartments. In vitro studies further confirmed the ability of SLN-A particles to stimulate expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in human macrophage-like Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells. Lipoplexes were found to be biocompatible and could be efficiently transfected in murine immune cells for expression of recombinant H. pylori antigen Urease A, demonstrating their potential as a DNA vaccine delivery system.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6TB00422A
Abstract: Surface defects of Fe-doped CeO 2 nanorods were found to be active sites for increasing peroxidase mimetic activity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOPHA.2017.03.006
Abstract: In our previous work, we have extensively evaluated the physiochemical characteristics of Gum Arabic-encapsulated gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs 15-18nm) and reported their effectiveness in stopping the tumor initiation via inhibiting the pre-neoplastic lesions in liver. The rationale of this study is to detect the efficiency of using GA-AuNPs in photothermal application as a non-invasive technique against lung tumor. We investigated the cytotoxicity of GA-AuNPs on A549 cells, and then studied their apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, lipid peroxidation and anti-neovascular effect in in vivo model using a chemically-induced lung cancer in mice. The histopathological changes due to GA-AuNPs were investigated. In the presence of laser irradiation, GA-AuNPs had a considerable cytotoxicity against A549 cells. The treatment of lung tumor-bearing mice with GA-AuNPs followed by laser exposure enhanced the apoptotic pathway and this was obvious from the histopathological investigations and the elevations in cytochrome-c, death receptor 5 and the subsequent upregulation of caspase-3, we also reported a significant reduction in the levels of the inflammatory mediator TNF-α and the angiogenesis inducer VEGF. An induction of lipid peroxidation was also reported upon treatment with either GA or GA-AuNPs. GA-AuNPs showed no cytotoxicity in the absence of light, however the combination of GA-AuNPs with laser induced cell death in lung tumor tissues with a reduction in the inflammation and angiogenesis together with an elevation in lipid peroxidation, suggesting the potential use of these functionalized nanoparticles as a promising photothermal non-invasive treatment modality.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00216-015-8529-1
Abstract: Budding yeast cells are quick and easy to grow and represent a versatile model of eukaryotic cells for a variety of cellular studies, largely because their genome has been widely studied and links can be drawn with higher eukaryotes. Therefore, the efficient separation, immobilization, and conversion of budding yeasts into spheroplast or protoplast can provide valuable insight for many fundamentals investigations in cell biology at a single cell level. Dielectrophoresis, the induced motion of particles in non-uniform electric fields, possesses a great versatility for manipulation of cells in microfluidic platforms. Despite this, dielectrophoresis has been largely utilized for studying of non-budding yeast cells and has rarely been used for manipulation of budding cells. Here, we utilize dielectrophoresis for studying the dynamic response of budding cells to different concentrations of Lyticase. This involves separation of the budding yeasts from a background of non-budding cells and their subsequent immobilization onto the microelectrodes at desired densities down to single cell level. The immobilized yeasts are then stimulated with Lyticase to remove the cell wall and convert them into spheroplasts, in a highly dynamic process that depends on the concentration of Lyticase. We also introduce a novel method for immobilization of the cell organelles released from the lysed cells by patterning multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) between the microelectrodes.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-09-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NANO9101360
Abstract: Imaging of biological matter by using fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) is becoming a widespread method for in vitro imaging. However, currently there is no fluorescent NP that satisfies all necessary criteria for short-term in vivo imaging: biocompatibility, biodegradability, photostability, suitable wavelengths of absorbance and fluorescence that differ from tissue auto-fluorescence, and near infrared (NIR) emission. In this paper, we report on the photoluminescent properties of magnesium oxide (MgO) NPs that meet all these criteria. The optical defects, attributed to vanadium and chromium ion substitutional defects, emitting in the NIR, are observed at room temperature in NPs of commercial and in-house ball-milled MgO nanoparticles, respectively. As such, the NPs have been successfully integrated into cultured cells and photostable bright in vitro emission from NPs was recorded and analyzed. We expect that numerous biotechnological and medical applications will emerge as this nanomaterial satisfies all criteria for short-term in vivo imaging.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7BM01016H
Abstract: Current understanding of the role of ordered and partially ordered surface topography in bone cell responses for bone implant design.
Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
Date: 07-2017
Abstract: Aim: To synthesize cRGDfK peptide conjugated poly(γ-glutamic acid)-phenylalanine nanoparticles to improve the therapeutic efficacy of c tothecin (CPT) against glioblastoma multiforme. Methods: Peptide-conjugated, drug-loaded nanoparticles (cRGDfK-conjugated c tothecin-loaded PGA–PA nanoparticles [RCPN]) were prepared and physico-chemically characterized using different techniques. Nanoparticles were evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity, cellular uptake, induction of apoptosis and wound healing cell migration against U87MG human glioblastoma cells. Results: RCPN, with a particle size of nm and 65% CPT encapsulation efficiency, exhibited a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to glioblastoma cells. Compared with native CPT or unconjugated nanoparticles, RCPN induced apoptosis, increased reactive oxygen species generation and inhibited U87MG cell migration. Conclusion: cRGDfK-mediated and hiphilic copolymer-based nanomedicines represent a new approach for improved delivery of anticancer drugs to and treatment of glioblastoma multiforme.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2018
Abstract: Diabetic foot infections are a major cause of hospitalization, and delayed treatment can lead to numerous complications. The aim of this research was to investigate high-resolution spectroscopy of the wound center and periwound area for real-time estimation of multispectral signature of bacteria at the base of diabetic foot ulcers. We investigated the spectrum of the reflected visual light from diabetic foot ulcers and developed a method that identifies the presence of bacteria in the wound infections. We undertook a prospective pilot study on 18 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and chronic diabetic foot ulcers. The spectral coefficients were directly compared with the results from the wound swab. The results of the multispectral analysis demonstrated 100% sensitivity, with 100% negative predictive values of identifying the presence of the bacteria, which was the cause of the infection in the wound. The results of our study suggest that the changes in the multispectral properties of the wound can be used to identify the presence of bacteria in the infected area using a noninvasive device without any contact with the wound. This technique holds great promise for real-time objective evaluation of the wound infection status beyond the standard visual assessment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-12-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-08-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-09-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ETC.4549
Abstract: The transformation of coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their impacts on aquatic organisms require further study. The present study investigated the role of aging on the transformation of differently coated AgNPs and their sublethal effects on the freshwater alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. The stability of AgNPs was evaluated over 32 d, and the results indicated that transformation of AgNPs occurred during the incubation however, coating-specific effects were observed. Fresh AgNPs increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, whereas aged AgNPs induced excessive ROS generation compared with their fresh counterparts. Increased ROS levels caused increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in treatment groups exposed to both fresh and aged NPs, although LPO was comparatively higher in algae exposed to aged AgNPs. The observed increase in catalase (CAT) activity of algal cells was attributed to early stress responses induced by excessive intracellular ROS generation, and CAT levels were higher in the aged NP treatment groups. In conclusion, AgNPs increased ROS levels and LPO in algae and caused the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT. Overall, the results suggest that aging and coating of AgNPs have major impacts on AgNP transformation in media and their effects on algae. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019 :2371-2382. © 2019 SETAC.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 17-09-2013
DOI: 10.1021/LA4024103
Abstract: Polymer nanocapsules play an increasingly important role for drug delivery applications. Layer-by-layer (LbL) templated synthesis has received the widest attention to fabricate polymer nanocapsules. However, for drug delivery applications, the LbL approach may not necessarily offer the optimum nanocapsules. We make the first attempt to compare the LbL approach with a more recently developed solid core/mesoporous shell (SC/MS) templated approach in context of their suitability for construction of sub-500 nm sized capsules for drug delivery applications. The nanocapsules of chitosan, poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH), and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) are fabricated using LbL and SC/MS templating approaches and loaded with curcumin, a model lipophilic anticancer drug. The influence of the templating approach on capsule aggregation, polymer loading, drug loading, cellular uptake, and therapeutic efficacy against MCF-7 breast cancer cells is compared in an effort to identify the most suitable fabrication method and polymer material for drug delivery applications. In combination, among different tested nanocapsules, chitosan nanocapsules fabricated using the SC/MS approach are found to be the most promising candidate that demonstrates the optimum cytotoxic efficiency and significant potential for drug delivery.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2007
DOI: 10.1007/S10126-006-6110-9
Abstract: Two new cell lines, SIMH and SIGE, were derived from the heart of milkfish (Chanos chanos), a euryhaline teleost, and from the eye of grouper (Epinephelus coioides), respectively. These cell lines were maintained in Leibovitz's L-15 supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The SIMH cell line was subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 210 days and SIGE cell line has been subcultured 100 times over a period of 1 1/2 years. The SIMH cell line consists predominantly of fibroblastic-like cells. The SIGE cell line consists predominantly of epithelial cells. Both the cell lines were able to grow at temperatures between 25 and 32 degrees C with an optimum temperature of 28 degrees C. The growth rate of these cells increased as the proportion of FBS increased from 2% to 20% at 28 degrees C with optimum growth at the concentrations of 15% or 20% FBS. Seven marine fish viruses were tested to determine the susceptibility of these cell lines. The SIGE cell line was found to be susceptible to nodavirus, MABV NC-1 and Y6, and the infection was confirmed by cytopathic effect (CPE) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. When these cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1 vector DNA, significant fluorescent signals were observed, suggesting that these cell lines can be a useful tool for transgenic and genetic manipulation studies. Further, these cell lines are characterized by immunocytochemistry using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CFLSM).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JVIROMET.2006.07.006
Abstract: A continuous cell line was established from blastula stage embryos of sea bass (Lates calcarifer). The sea bass embryonic cells were maintained in Leibovitz's L-15 supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum. The embryonic cell line was sub-cultured more than 70 passages over a period of 1.5 years and is designated as Sahul Indian sea bass embryonic (SISE) cell line. The cells were able to grow at temperatures between 25 and 32 degrees C with an optimum temperature of 28 degrees C. The growth rate of sea bass embryonic cells increased as the FBS proportion increased from 2 to 20% at 28 degrees C with optimum growth at the concentration of 15 or 20%. Polymerase chain reaction products were obtained from embryonic cells and blastula of sea bass with primer sets of microsatellite markers of sea bass. Four fish viruses were tested on this cell line to determine its susceptibility to these viruses and this cell line was found to be susceptible to IPNV VR-299 and nodavirus, and the infection was confirmed by cytopathic effect (CPE) and RT-PCR. Further, this cell line was characterized by immunocytochemistry using confocal-laser-scanning microscopy (CFLSM), transfection with pEGFP-N1, proliferate marker (BrdU).
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-09-2005
DOI: 10.1021/LA0513712
Abstract: Macrophages are one of the principal immune effector cells that play essential roles as secretory, phagocytic, and antigen-presenting cells in the immune system. In this study, we address the issue of cytotoxicity and immunogenic effects of gold nanoparticles on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles has been correlated with a detailed study of their endocytotic uptake using various microscopy tools such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), confocal-laser-scanning microscopy (CFLSM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our findings suggest that Au(0) nanoparticles are not cytotoxic, reduce the production of reactive oxygen and nitrite species, and do not elicit secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL1-beta, making them suitable candidates for nanomedicine. AFM measurements suggest that gold nanoparticles are internalized inside the cell via a mechanism involving pinocytosis, while CFLSM and TEM studies indicate their internalization in lysosomal bodies arranged in perinuclear fashion. Our studies thus underline the noncytotoxic, nonimmunogenic, and biocompatible properties of gold nanoparticles with the potential for application in nanoimmunology, nanomedicine, and nanobiotechnology.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJPS.2019.105159
Abstract: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) indicate the unprecedented versatility in silencing disease-causing genes. However, the therapeutic use of siRNA is limited by its inherent instability in serum and immunogenicity. Thus, to realize their full therapeutic potential, there is a growing need to develop an efficient siRNA delivery system that targets it towards the localized symptomatic sites. Consequently, nanosized lipid carriers have been utilized for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to improve their efficacy in clinical studies. In this review, we attempt to elaborate on the current improvements of chemically erse lipid carriers for the delivery of siRNAs-based drugs across a wide range of diseases. Finally, we discuss the patents and clinical status of siRNA in lipid formulations, which continue to expand for years to come.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2008
Abstract: The present study demonstrates an unprecedented green process for the production of gold nanoparticles by simple treatment of gold salts with soybean extracts. Reduction capabilities of antioxidant phytochemicals present in soybean and their ability to reduce gold salts chemically to nanoparticles with subsequent coating of proteins and a host of other phytochemicals present in soybean on the freshly generated gold nanoparticles are discussed. The new genre of green nanoparticles exhibit remarkable in vitro stability in various buffers including saline, histidine, HSA, and cysteine solutions. MTT assays reveal that the green gold nanoparticles are nontoxic and thus provide excellent opportunities for their applications in nanomedicine for molecular imaging and therapy. The overall strategy described herein for the generation of gold nanoparticles meets all 12 principles of green chemistry, as no "man-made" chemicals, other than the gold salts, are used in the green nanotechnological process.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMPHYSLIP.2016.05.006
Abstract: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenolic catechin, has been known to possess a variety of beneficial biological activities. The in-vitro anti-cancer activity of EGCG is well documented. However, the use of EGCG in modern therapeutics is limited due to its poor bioavailability and limited stability at physiological pH. In this study, we have investigated the stability profiles of EGCG in aqueous solutions using UV-vis spectroscopy. Stability results showed very low stability profile of EGCG at physiological pH with rapid degradation under alkaline conditions. Therefore, we have encapsulated EGCG in solid lipid nanoparticles to increase its stability and evaluated for anticancer activity. The lipid core of nanoparticles not only provides an additional structural reinforcement to the nanoparticle assembly, but also makes it biologically compatible, thereby enabling a stealth vehicle for efficient drug delivery. EGCG loaded nanoparticles (EGCG-SLN) were characterized using dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. EGCG and EGCG-SLN were evaluated for their anticancer activities by cellular proliferation. The cytotoxicity of EGCG-SLN was found to be 8.1 times higher against MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells and 3.8 times higher against DU-145 human prostate cancer cells than that of the pure EGCG.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-11-2021
Abstract: Infectious diseases are a major public health concern globally. Infections caused by pathogens with resistance against commonly used antimicrobial drugs or antibiotics (known as antimicrobial resistance, AMR) are becoming extremely difficult to control. AMR has thus been declared as one of the top 10 global public health threats, as it has very limited solutions. The drying pipeline of effective antibiotics has further worsened the situation. There is no absolute treatment, and the limitations of existing methods warrant further development in antimicrobials. Recent developments in the nanomaterial field present them as promising therapeutics and effective alternative to conventional antibiotics and synthetic drugs. The metal-organic framework (MOF) is a recent addition to the antimicrobial category with superior properties. The MOF exerts antimicrobial action on a wide range of species and is highly biocompatible. Additionally, their porous structures allow the incorporation of biomolecules and drugs for synergistic antimicrobial action. This review provides an inclusive summary of the molecular events responsible for resistance development and current trends in antimicrobials to combat antibiotic resistance and explores the potential role of the MOF in tackling the drug-resistant microbial species.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3NR03806H
Abstract: We illustrate a new strategy to improve the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by their surface modification with the surface corona of biologically active polyoxometalates (POMs). The stable POM surface corona was achieved by utilising zwitterionic tyrosine amino acid as a pH-switchable reducing and capping agent of AgNPs. The general applicability of this approach was demonstrated by developing surface coronas of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) around AgNPs. Our investigations on Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli demonstrate that in conjugation with AgNPs, the surface corona of POMs enhances the physical damage to the bacterial cells due to synergistic antibacterial action of AgNPs and POMs, and the ability of tyrosine-reduced AgNPs (AgNPs(Y)) to act as an excellent carrier and stabiliser for the POMs. The further extension of this study towards Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus albus showed a similar toxicity pattern, whereas these nanomaterials were found to be biocompatible for PC3 epithelial mammalian cells, suggesting the potential of these materials towards specific antimicrobial targeting for topical wound healing applications. The outcomes of this work show that facile tailorability of nanostructured surfaces may play a considerable role in controlling the biological activities of different nanomaterials.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-05-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-06-2023
DOI: 10.3390/MOLECULES28124875
Abstract: Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently under progressive development as a tool for non-viral biomolecule delivery. Biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids can be encapsulated in MOFs for therapeutic purposes. The favorable physicochemical properties of MOFs make them an attractive choice for delivering a wide range of biomolecules including nucleic acids. Herein, a green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing plasmid DNA (pDNA) is used as a representative of a biomolecule to encapsulate within a Zn-based metal–organic framework (MOF) called a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF). The synthesized biocomposites are coated with positively charged amino acids (AA) to understand the effect of surface functionalization on the delivery of pDNA to prostate cancer (PC-3) cells. FTIR and zeta potential confirm the successful preparation of positively charged amino acid-functionalized derivatives of pDNA@ZIF (i.e., pDNA@ZIFAA). Moreover, XRD and SEM data show that the functionalized derivates retain the pristine crystallinity and morphology of pDNA@ZIF. The coated biocomposites provide enhanced uptake of genetic material by PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. The AA-modulated fine-tuning of the surface charge of biocomposites results in better interaction with the cell membrane and enhances cellular uptake. These results suggest that pDNA@ZIFAA can be a promising alternative tool for non-viral gene delivery.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2019.10.108
Abstract: The capacity of an adsorbent to bind and remove dye from solution greatly depends on the type of functionalization present on the nanoparticles surface, and its interaction with the dye molecules. Within this study, nitrogenous silane nanoparticles were hydrothermally synthesized resulting in the formation of rapid and highly efficient adsorbents for concentrated mixed dyes. The amorphous silane nanoparticles exhibited a monolayer based mechanism of mixed dye adsorption with removal capacities between 416.67 and 714.29 mg/g of adsorbent. Dye removal was predominantly due to the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged silane nanoparticles (13.22-8.20 mV) and the negatively charged dye molecules (-54.23 mV). Addition of H. annuus extract during synthesis resulted in three times the surface area and 10 times increased pore volume compared to the positive control. XPS analysis showed that silane treatments had various nitrogen containing functionalities at their surface responsible for binding dye. The weak colloidal stability of silane particles (13.22-8.20 mV) was disrupted following dye binding, resulting in their rapid coagulation and flocculation which facilitated the separation of bound dye molecules from solution. The suitability for environmental applications using these treatments was supported by a bacterial viability assay showing >90% cell viability in treated dye supernatants.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4CC07275H
Abstract: A new ultrafast and highly sensitive ‘turn-off/turn-on’ biosensing approach that combines the intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with the high affinity and specificity of a ssDNA aptamer is presented.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-04-2018
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.36402
Abstract: The surface of an orthopaedic implant plays a crucial role in determining the adsorption of proteins and cell functions. A detailed comparative study has been made of the in vitro osteoblast responses to coarse-grained (grain size: 500 μm), ultrafine-grained (grain size: 100 nm), coarse-porous (pore size: 350 nm), and fine-porous (pore size: 155 nm) surfaces of Ti-20Mo alloy. The purpose was to provide essential experimental data for future design of orthopaedic titanium implants for rapid osseointegration. Systematic original experimental data was produced for each type of surfaces in terms of surface wettability, cell morphology, adhesion, growth, and differentiation. Microscopic evidence was collected to reveal the detailed interplay between each characteristic surface with proteins or cells. Various new observations were discussed and compared with literature data. It was concluded that the coarse-porous surfaces offered the optimum topographical environment for osteoblasts and that the combination of ultrafine grains and considerable grain boundary areas is not an effective way to enhance cell growth and osteogenic capacity. Moreover, pore features (size and depth) have a greater effect than smooth surfaces on cell growth and osteogenic capacity. It proves that cells can discern the difference in pore size in the range of 100-350 nm. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2020-2033, 2018.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-05-2023
Abstract: Drug resistance has a major impact on the treatment of several cancers. This is mainly due to the overexpression of cellular drug efflux proteins. Hence, drug‐delivery systems that can avoid this resistance are needed. We report PR10, a progesterone‐cationic lipid conjugate, as a self‐assembling nanoaggregate that delivers a drug cargo of etoposide, a topoisomerase inhibitor, selectively to cancer cells. In this study, we observed that etoposide nanoaggregates (P : E) caused selective and enhanced toxicity in etoposide‐resistant CT26 cancer cells (IC 50 9 μM) compared to when etoposide (IC 50 μM) was used alone. Concurrently, no toxicity was observed in etoposide‐sensitive HEK293 cells for P : E treatment (IC 50 μM). The P : E‐treated cancer cells seem to have no effect on ABCB1 expression, but etoposide‐treated cells exhibited a twofold increase in ABCB1 expression, a potent efflux protein for several xenobiotic compounds. This observation supports the notion that the enhanced toxicity of P : E nanoaggregates is due to their ability to keep the expression of ABCB1 low, thus allowing longer intracellular residence of etoposide. In a BALB/c orthotopic colorectal cancer model, the nanoaggregates led to enhanced survival (45 days) compared to etoposide‐treated mice (39 days). These findings suggest that PR10 could be used as a potential cancer‐selective etoposide delivery vehicle to treat several etoposide‐resistant cancers with fewer side effects due to the nonspecific toxicity of the drug.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2019
Abstract: Recent work in biomolecule-metal-organic framework (MOF) composites has proven to be an effective strategy for the protection of proteins. However, for other biomacromolecules such as nucleic acids, the encapsulation into nano MOFs and the related characterizations are in their infancy. Herein, encapsulation of a complete gene-set in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) MOFs and cellular expression of the gene delivered by the nano MOF composites are reported. Using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid (plGFP) as a proof-of-concept genetic macromolecule, successful transfection of mammalian cancer cells with plGFP for up to 4 days is shown. Cell transfection assays and soft X-ray cryo-tomography (cryo-SXT) demonstrate the feasibility of DNA@MOF biocomposites as intracellular gene delivery vehicles. Expression occurs over relatively prolonged time points where the cargo nucleic acid is released gradually in order to maintain sustained expression.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4RA10511G
Abstract: A pyridyl functionalised tetraphenylethylene (Py-TPE) for ratiometric fluorescent detection of intracellular pH values is reported the Py-TPE fluorescent probe can be used for H + sensing in organic solvents (CHCl 3 , DMF and MeOH).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJMECH.2016.03.051
Abstract: A series of (Z)-1-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-3-(phenylamino)prop-2-en-1-one derivatives were synthesized and characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR, ESI-MS and HRMS. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against HT-29, PC-3, A549 and U87MG human tumor cell lines. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed potent growth inhibition selectively of A549 cancer cells and did not show significant toxicity to the non-cancerous HaCaT cells. Some of the representative compounds, particularly, 16, 22 and 28 exhibited potent growth inhibition with IC50 values in the range of 1.25-3.98 μM, which are comparable or even better than the standard chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that these compounds could effectively inhibit the migration ability of A549 cells. Flow-cytometry analysis revealed that the compounds treatment led to G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, the compounds induced apoptosis in A549 cells through depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨm) and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, suggesting their potential to act as promising lead compounds for the development of cancer chemotherapeutics.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9OB90120E
Abstract: Correction for ‘Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo–triazole hybrids as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducing agents’ by T. Srinivasa Reddy et al. , Org. Biomol. Chem. , 2015, 13 , 10136–10149.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2017
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-02-2020
DOI: 10.26434/CHEMRXIV.11807268.V1
Abstract: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths, the advanced form of which continues to be incurable and nature of the disease being such that it is highly suitable for gene therapy. However, therapy is h ered by lack of appropriate gene delivery agents available. Recently, metal-organic-framework (MOF) biocomposites have seen increasing applications in DNA technologies, including gene delivery. In this work, a polymorph of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) MOF nanoparticles called ZIF-C are used as gene delivery agents to cause knockdown (KD) of a protein overexpressed by the gene ribosomal protein SA in PC. Feasibility of ZIF-C mediated KD at cytoplasmic levels in PC is demonstrated by RNA interference, whereby RPSA specific siRNA is delivered using ZIF-C. Feasibility of ZIF-C mediated KD at genomic levels is demonstrated by CRISPR/Cas9, whereby RPSA specific CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids are delivered using ZIF-C. Specific targeting is further achieved by coating of ZIF-C with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). Cellular transfection assays reveal the gradual expression of ZIF-C delivered RPSA-targeting nucleic acids for up to 96 hours. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions and genomic cleavage detection demonstrate gradual KD, with ~20% reduction in RPSA expression that is almost doubled to ~40% on EGCG-mediated targeted cellular uptake.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0CC06241C
Abstract: Metal–organic-frameworks for gene therapy in prostate cancer – ZIF-C based delivery of RNA interference and CRISPR/Cas9 causes host gene expression knockdown. Coating with a green tea phytochemical enhances uptake and increases cancer cytotoxicity.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 12-09-2011
Abstract: The interactions of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with human serum albumin (HSA) greatly influence their in vivo characteristics. It is important to develop conjugates that can serve as ideal structural models to understand the interaction of AuNPs with HSA. We report the synthesis and stabilization of AuNPs in HSA matrix with no additional ligands on the surface of the NPs. The hydrodynamic size of the AuNP–HSA conjugate is 22 nm, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurement shows the core size as 8–13 nm. We have performed strip assay to establish that the biological activity of HSA is retained even after conjugation. Our cellular toxicity evaluation studies show that AuNP–HSA conjugates are nontoxic and biocompatible.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-02-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPROT.2013.04.014
Abstract: Foods and beverages have been at the heart of our society for centuries, sustaining humankind - health, life, and the pleasures that go with it. The more we grow and develop as a civilization, the more we feel the need to know about the food we eat and beverages we drink. Moreover, with an ever increasing demand for food due to the growing human population food security remains a major concern. Food safety is another growing concern as the consumers prefer varied foods and beverages that are not only traded nationally but also globally. The 21st century science and technology is at a new high, especially in the field of biological sciences. The availability of genome sequences and associated high-throughput sensitive technologies means that foods are being analyzed at various levels. For ex le and in particular, high-throughput omics approaches are being applied to develop suitable biomarkers for foods and beverages and their applications in addressing quality, technology, authenticity, and safety issues. Proteomics are one of those technologies that are increasingly being utilized to profile expressed proteins in different foods and beverages. Acquired knowledge and protein information have now been translated to address safety of foods and beverages. Very recently, the power of proteomic technology has been integrated with another highly sensitive and miniaturized technology called nanotechnology, yielding a new term nanoproteomics. Nanoproteomics offer a real-time multiplexed analysis performed in a miniaturized assay, with low-s le consumption and high sensitivity. To name a few, nanomaterials - quantum dots, gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and nanowires - have demonstrated potential to overcome the challenges of sensitivity faced by proteomics for biomarker detection, discovery, and application. In this review, we will discuss the importance of biomarker discovery and applications for foods and beverages, the contribution of proteomic technology in this process, and a shift towards nanoproteomics to suitably address associated issues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Translational plant proteomics.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-04-2009
DOI: 10.1021/NL8037147
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1039/B822015H
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 06-05-2019
Abstract: Statistical data have consistently shown that implant loosening is a significant causative factor for revision surgeries. Both
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPHOTOBIOL.2016.08.009
Abstract: This study validates the utility of Gum Arabic-conjugated gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs) and laser to induce photothermal inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis, via employing a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-mediated hepatocellular carcinoma model. This work included both of in vitro and in vivo studies to investigate the GA-AuNPs cytotoxicity and phototoxicity in hepatic cell line to delineate the GA-AuNPs therapeutic efficiency in DEN-induced preneoplastic lesions (PNLs) in the liver of Balb-C mice. The therapeutic effects of GA-AuNPs on the mediators of apoptosis, inflammation, and tumor initiation, as well as the histopathological changes in preneoplastic liver have been investigated. Our results infer that GA-AuNPs in combination with laser irradiation led to a significant reduction in the cell viability and in histone deacetylase activity in hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells. In chemically-induced PNLs mice model our results have demonstrated that GA-AuNPs, with or without laser irradiation, induced cancer cell apoptosis through the activation of death receptors DR5 and caspase-3 and inhibited both of the PNLs incidence and the initiation marker (placental glutathione S-transferase GST-P). The laser-stimulated GA-AuNPs significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-α levels. In summary, GA-AuNPs with laser treatment inhibited liver PNLs via the induction of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway and the inhibition of inflammation.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0SC01204A
Abstract: Clinical and pre-clinical GAG-based biotherapeutics were encapsulated within three metal-azolate frameworks (ZIF-8, ZIF-90, and MAF-7). The resulting MOF biocomposites show different loading capacity, biopreservation properties and release profiles.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/CH16459
Abstract: The development of functional materials is a crucial step in the development of newer and better technologies. The development of efficient luminescent materials, whose potential lie in applications in fields such as electronics, optics, data storage, and biological sciences, through simple synthetic procedures is therefore of interest. Herein, we report the synthesis of a tetrapyridinium-tetraphenylethylene (TPy-TPE) luminogen with multiple functionalities. TPy-TPE displayed characteristic features of an aggregation-induced emission material being weakly emissive in solution, but strongly emissive when aggregated and in the solid state. The solid-state emission of TPy-TPE can be reversibly switched between green and yellow by grinding–fuming/heating processes with a high contrast due to a transformation from a crystalline to an amorphous state and vice versa. TPy-TPE also works as a good fluorescent visualiser for specific staining for cellular imaging and as a DNA marker.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 10-12-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-08-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-12-2019
DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1710887
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) transform in the environment which result in alterations to their physicochemical properties. However, the effects of aging on the toxicity of NPs to aquatic organisms remain to be determined. Further the reports that have been published present contradictory results. The aim of this study was to examine the stability of differently coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in media and the influence of aging of these NP on potential toxicity to freshwater shrimp
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1118/1.3468345
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 04-2016
Abstract: The size of the genetic code is limited by the ability of transfer RNAs to acquire new identities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-03-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2007
DOI: 10.1007/S10126-007-9028-Y
Abstract: We report a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like cell line designated as SBES from blastula stage embryos of Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer), which is an economically important cultivable and edible marine fish species in India. The SBES cells were cultured at 28 degrees C in Leibovitz L-15 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum without a feeder layer. The ES-like cells were round or polygonal and grew exponentially in culture. The SBES cells exhibited an intense alkaline phosphatase activity and expression of transcription factor Oct 4. The undifferentiated state of these cells was maintained at low seeding densities and the cells formed embryoid bodies when seeded in bacteriological plates. On treatment with all-trans retinoic acid, these cells differentiated into neuron-like cells, muscle cells, and beating cardiomyocytes, indicating their pluripotency. This embryonic ES-like cell line derived from an oviparous fish blastula conserved several peculiar features of viviparous mammalian embryonic stem cell lines. The present study highlights the importance and potential of piscine ES-like cell line for stem cell research without evoking ethical issues and invasive interventions sparing mammalian embryos.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1118/1.3468346
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 04-2010
Abstract: The presence of circulating tumor cells in the bloodstream has been correlated with disease state in cancer patients. While we have successfully exploited melanin, the natural light absorber in melanoma cells, to induce photoacoustic waves for tumor cell detection, non-pigmented tumor cells do not have sufficient optical contrast for such a method. For ex le, breast, prostate and lung cancers lack intrinsic pigmentation and thus do not generate photoacoustic waves. In order to induce optical contrast in non-pigmented cancer cells, we have attached gold nanoparticles to a prostate cancer cell line. This optical absorption will enable us to detect such cells in a photoacoustic flowmeter designed to find circulating tumor cells in blood s les. We tested a prostate cancer cell line, PC-3, by tagging them with gold nanoparticles. We determined the photoacoustic response over the wavelengths 470-570 nm to identify the absorption peak. We then determined the response from serial dilutions of PC-3 cells suspended in saline. Finally, we showed photoacoustic response from PC-3 cells suspended among white blood cells in the flow meter to demonstrate our ability to detect single cells under flow.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8CP05938A
Abstract: Following the synthesis of different shaped gold nanoparticles, their interaction with human serum albumin was studied to reveal shape affects both the affinity and strength of binding.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 25-06-2016
Abstract: Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a promising semiconductor that is suitable for bioimaging applications due to its intrinsic defect fluorescence. However, ZnO generally suffers from poor photostability. We report room-temperature single-photon emission from optical defects found in ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) formed by ion implantation followed by thermal oxidation in a silica substrate. We conduct a thorough investigation into the photophysics of a particularly bright defect and identify other single emitters within the NPs. Photostability was observed when the NPs were removed from the growth substrate and taken up by skin cells for in vitro imaging.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-04-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-020-63747-5
Abstract: Nematode eggs are pervasive pathogens that infect billions of people and livestock every year. Adult parasitic nematode worms can be distinguished based on their size and morphology. However, their eggs, particularly their species Ascaris lumbricoides and Ascaris suum cannot be identified from each other. Identifying eggs of helminths from wastewater and sludge is important from a public health perspective to minimize the spread of Ascaris infections. Numerous methods exist for nematode identification, from a morphological-based approach to high throughput sequencing technology. However, these techniques are not consistent and often laborious and time-consuming. In this study, we demonstrate that non-invasive real-time identification of eggs is possible based on their intrinsic fluorescence. Using confocal microscopy, we investigate the autofluorescence properties of five species of nematode eggs and observe clear differences between genus and for the first time their species in sludge s les. This non-invasive imaging technique could lead to better understanding of these species and may assist in early control of diseases.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.NANO.2009.11.001
Abstract: Biocompatibility studies and cancer therapeutic applications of nanoparticulate beta-emitting gold-198 (198Au beta(max) = 0.96 MeV half-life of 2.7 days) are described. Gum arabic glycoprotein (GA)-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess optimum sizes (12-18 nm core diameter and 85 nm hydrodynamic diameter) to target in idual tumor cells and penetrate through tumor vasculature and pores. We report the results of detailed in vivo therapeutic investigations demonstrating the high tumor affinity of GA-198AuNPs in severely compromised immunodeficient (SCID) mice bearing human prostate tumor xenografts. Intratumoral administration of a single dose of beta-emitting GA-198AuNPs (70 Gy) resulted in clinically significant tumor regression and effective control in the growth of prostate tumors over 30 days. Three weeks after administration of GA-198AuNPs, tumor volumes for the treated animals were 82% smaller as compared with tumor volume of control group. The treatment group showed only transitory weight loss in sharp contrast to the tumor-bearing control group, which underwent substantial weight loss. Pharmacokinetic studies have provided unequivocal evidence for the optimum retention of therapeutic payload of GA-198AuNPs within the tumor site throughout the treatment regimen with minimal or no leakage of radioactivity to various nontarget organs. The measurements of white and red blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes within the treatment group resembled those of the normal SCID mice, thus providing further evidence on the therapeutic efficacy and concomitant in vivo tolerance and nontoxic features of GA-198AuNPs. In this study, the biocompatibility and cancer therapeutic applications of glycoprotein (GA) functionalized gold nanoparticles containing b-emitting Au-198 are described in SCID mice bearing human prostate tumor xenografts. The findings of significant therapeutic efficacy, good in vivo tolerance and non-toxic features make these particles ideal candidates for future human applications.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-03-2016
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.MOLPHARMACEUT.5B00935
Abstract: Current cancer chemotherapies commonly suffer from nonspecificity, drug resistance, poor bioavailability, and narrow therapeutic indices. To achieve the optimum drug efficacy, we designed a polymeric drug delivery system for targeted intracellular delivery of a clinically approved, water-soluble anticancer drug, gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEM). We utilized the unique ability of a cyclic pentapeptide cRGDfK to specifically target αvβ3 integrin receptors that are overexpressed on SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells. This significantly increased the effective intracellular drug concentration even at low doses, thereby remarkably improving the chemotherapeutic potential of GEM. cRGDfK-conjugated, GEM-loaded nanoparticles reduced the nonspecific hemolytic cytotoxicity of the drug, simultaneously influencing intracellular processes such as mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis, thereby favorably influencing drug antiproliferative efficacy.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1007/398_2018_18
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing industry yielding many benefits to society. However, aquatic environments are at risk as increasing amounts of nanoparticles (NPs) are contaminating waterbodies causing adverse effects on aquatic organisms. In this review, the impacts of environmental exposure to NPs, the influence of the physicochemical characteristics of NPs and the surrounding environment on toxicity and mechanisms of toxicity together with NP bioaccumulation and trophic transfer are assessed with a focus on their impacts on bacteria, algae and daphnids. We identify several gaps which need urgent attention in order to make sound decisions to protect the environment. These include uncertainty in both estimated and measured environmental concentrations of NPs for reliable risk assessment and for regulating the NP industry. In addition toxicity tests and risk assessment methodologies specific to NPs are still at the research and development stage. Also conflicting and inconsistent results on physicochemical characteristics and the fate and transport of NPs in the environment suggest the need for further research. Finally, improved understanding of the mechanisms of NP toxicity is crucial in risk assessment of NPs, since conventional toxicity tests may not reflect the risks associated with NPs. Behavioural effects may be more sensitive and would be efficient in certain situations compared with conventional toxicity tests due to low NP concentrations in field conditions. However, the development of such tests is still lacking, and further research is recommended.
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 16-07-2012
Abstract: Systemic delivery of therapeutic agents to solid tumors is hindered by vascular and interstitial barriers. We hypothesized that prostate tumor specific epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCg) functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles, when delivered intratumorally (IT), would circumvent transport barriers, resulting in targeted delivery of therapeutic payloads. The results described herein support our hypothesis. We report the development of inherently therapeutic gold nanoparticles derived from the Au-198 isotope the range of the 198 Au β-particle (approximately 11 mm in tissue or approximately 1100 cell diameters) is sufficiently long to provide cross-fire effects of a radiation dose delivered to cells within the prostate gland and short enough to minimize the radiation dose to critical tissues near the periphery of the capsule. The formulation of biocompatible 198 AuNPs utilizes the redox chemistry of prostate tumor specific phytochemical EGCg as it converts gold salt into gold nanoparticles and also selectively binds with excellent affinity to Laminin67R receptors, which are over expressed in prostate tumor cells. Pharmacokinetic studies in PC-3 xenograft SCID mice showed approximately 72% retention of 198 AuNP-EGCg in tumors 24 h after intratumoral administration. Therapeutic studies showed 80% reduction of tumor volumes after 28 d demonstrating significant inhibition of tumor growth compared to controls. This innovative nanotechnological approach serves as a basis for designing biocompatible target specific antineoplastic agents. This novel intratumorally injectable 198 AuNP-EGCg nanotherapeutic agent may provide significant advances in oncology for use as an effective treatment for prostate and other solid tumors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJMECH.2015.12.007
Abstract: A series of thirteen 5H-dibenzo [b,e][1,4]diazepin-11(10H)-one structural derivatives has been synthesized and evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against five human cancer cell lines. Compound 9a exhibited potent tumour growth inhibition in all cell lines with IC50 values in the range of 0.71-7.29 μM. Experiments on lung (A549) and breast (MDAMB-231) cancer cell lines to investigate the mechanisms of growth inhibition and apoptosis inducing effects of 9a showed that it arrested both cancer cell lines in the G2/M phase of cell cycle in a dose dependent manner. Hoechst staining analysis revealed that 9a inhibited tumour cell proliferation through apoptosis induction. Additionally, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was affected and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were raised. The simple synthetic preparation and their biological properties make these dibenzodiazepinone-triazole scaffolds promising new entities for the development of cancer therapeutics.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-09-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S11095-010-0276-6
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to explore the utilization of cinnamon-coated gold nanoparticles (Cin-AuNPs) as CT/optical contrast-enhancement agents for detection of cancer cells. Cin-AuNPs were synthesized by a "green" procedure, and the detailed characterization was performed by physico-chemical analysis. Cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies were carried out in normal human fibroblast and cancerous (PC-3 and MCF-7) cells, respectively. The efficacy of detecting cancerous cells was monitored using a photoacoustic technique. In vivo biodistribution was studied after IV injection of Cin-AuNPs in mice, and also a CT phantom model was generated. Biocompatible Cin-AuNPs were synthesized with high purity. Significant uptake of these gold nanoparticles was observed in PC-3 and MCF-7 cells. Cin-AuNPs internalized in cancerous cells facilitated detectable photoacoustic signals. In vivo biodistribution in normal mice showed steady accumulation of gold nanoparticles in lungs and rapid clearance from blood. Quantitative analysis of CT values in phantom model revealed that the cinnamon-phytochemical-coated AuNPs have reasonable attenuation efficiency. The results indicate that these non-toxic Cin-AuNPs can serve as excellent CT/ photoacoustic contrast-enhancement agents and may provide a novel approach toward tumor detection through nanopharmaceuticals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.EJMECH.2015.07.031
Abstract: A series of forty different pyrazole containing benzimidazole hybrids (6-45) have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for their potential anti-proliferative activity against three human tumor cell lines - lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), and cervical (HeLa). Some of the compounds, specifically 9, 17, and 28, showed potent growth inhibition against all the cell lines tested, with IC50 values in the range of 0.83-1.81 μM. Breast cancer cells were used for further detailed studies to understand the mechanism of cell growth inhibition and apoptosis inducing effect of compounds. The morphology, cell migration and long term clonogenic survival of MCF-7 breast cancer cells were severely affected by treatment with these compounds. Flow-cytometry revealed the compounds arrested MCF-7 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle via down regulation of cyclin D2 and CDK2. Fluorescent staining and DNA fragmentation studies showed that cell proliferation was inhibited by induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the compounds led to collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨm) and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were noted. The ease of synthesis and the remarkable biological activities make these compounds promising new frameworks for the development of cancer therapeutics.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3TX50075F
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2021
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-10-2014
DOI: 10.1021/AC5028726
Abstract: This study addresses the need for rapid pesticide (acetamiprid) detection by reporting a new colorimetric biosensing assay. Our approach combines the inherent peroxidase-like nanozyme activity of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with high affinity and specificity of an acetamiprid-specific S-18 aptamer to detect this neurotoxic pesticide in a highly rapid, specific, and sensitive manner. It is shown that the nanozyme activity of GNPs can be inhibited by its surface passivation with target-specific aptamer molecules. Similar to an enzymatic competitive inhibition process, in the presence of a cognate target, these aptamer molecules leave the GNP surface in a target concentration-dependent manner, reactivating GNP nanozyme activity. This reversible inhibition of the GNP nanozyme activity can either be directly visualized in the form of color change of the peroxidase reaction product or can be quantified using UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy. This approach allowed detection of 0.1 ppm acetamiprid within an assay time of 10 min. This reversible nanozyme activation/inhibition strategy may in principle be universally applicable for the detection of a range of environmental or biomedical molecules of interest.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-01-2023
DOI: 10.1111/IJFS.16269
Abstract: Adipogenesis is a complex physiological process involving the formation of adipocytes and accumulation as adipose tissues. It is one of the contributors for the development of obesity. This study assessed the potential of phenolic extracts and potassium hydroxycitrate, obtained from Hibiscus sabdariffa , to inhibit adipogenesis. The phenolic extracts were obtained using organic solvents (methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate) and water in idually. Human adipose‐derived stem cells (hADSCs) were selected to study the impact of these extracts on adipogenesis. Results showed that phenolic extracts were able to reduce lipid accumulation by about 95% in hADSCs, while potassium hydroxycitrate did not show any reduction. All the phenolic extracts downregulated the gene expression of two key adipogenic markers (PPAR‐γ and aP2). Ethanol extracts exhibited the highest downregulation of PPAR‐γ and aP2 by 3 and 10 times, respectively. There was no improvement in the anti‐adipogenic potential when the phenolic extract was combined with potassium hydroxycitrate confirming that phenolic compounds were responsible for the inhibition of adipogenesis. These results indicate that phenolic extracts from H. sabdariffa have potential to regulate the expression of adipogenic genes and restrict the lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes. Thus, phenolic extracts can be used in formulations intended to manage obesity.
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9631-5_7
Abstract: The ability to regenerate insulin-producing β cells is the ultimate goal for treatment of type 1 diabetes. Several sources of stem cells have been investigated by studying their differential potential to form insulin-producing β cells that can be used for replacement therapy. Progenitor cells derived from human islets that are lineage committed have been shown to be better alternatives with regard to their differentiation capabilities for the generation of insulin-producing β-like cells. Controlling the differentiation of progenitor cells is a vital approach in exploiting cellular expansion, mesenchymal transition and β-cell generation. One of the most powerful and useful methods involve the intracellular delivery of biomolecules like genes, miRNAs, siRNAs, proteins, and peptides. However, the delivery vehicle used for such approaches is the most significant factor that determines the in vivo efficacy. Current delivery systems, although promising, are deterred by issues like toxicity, sustained release, loading capacity, and cost-effectiveness. In this chapter, we show an alternative nanomaterial called metal organic frameworks (MOFs) as gene delivery systems in human islet-derived progenitor cells (hIPCs). Based on our results, we believe that nanoscale MOFs can function as controlled cellular delivery agents that deliver, protect, and maintain functional activity of genes or other bioactive molecules into the cytoplasm or nucleus of progenitor cells. Here, we describe the details for the synthesis, characterization, and transfection of selected, biocompatible MOFs in hIPCs.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-10-2013
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 21-04-2010
Abstract: Development of cancer receptor-specific gold nanoparticles will allow efficient targeting/optimum retention of engineered gold nanoparticles within tumors and thus provide synergistic advantages in oncology as it relates to molecular imaging and therapy. Bombesin (BBN) peptides have demonstrated high affinity toward gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) receptors in vivo that are overexpressed in prostate, breast, and small-cell lung carcinoma. We have synthesized a library of GRP receptor-avid nanoplatforms by conjugating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with BBN peptides. Cellular interactions and binding affinities (IC 50 ) of AuNP–BBN conjugates toward GRP receptors on human prostate cancer cells have been investigated in detail. In vivo studies using AuNP–BBN and its radiolabeled surrogate 198 AuNP–BBN, exhibiting high binding affinity (IC 50 in microgram ranges), provide unequivocal evidence that AuNP–BBN constructs are GRP-receptor-specific showing accumulation with high selectivity in GRP-receptor-rich pancreatic acne in normal mice and also in tumors in prostate-tumor-bearing, severe combined immunodeficient mice. The i.p. mode of delivery has been found to be efficient as AuNP–BBN conjugates showed reduced RES organ uptake with concomitant increase in uptake at tumor targets. The selective uptake of this new generation of GRP-receptor-specific AuNP–BBN peptide analogs has demonstrated realistic clinical potential in molecular imaging via x-ray computed tomography techniques as the contrast numbers in prostate tumor sites are severalfold higher as compared to the pretreatment group (Hounsfield unit = 150).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-09-2012
DOI: 10.1002/WNAN.161
Abstract: The development of new treatment modalities that offer clinicians the ability to reduce sizes of tumor prior to surgical resection or to achieve complete ablation without surgery would be a significant medical breakthrough in the overall care and treatment of prostate cancer patients. The goal of our investigation is aimed at validating the hypothesis that Gum Arabic‐functionalized radioactive gold nanoparticles (GA‐ 198 AuNP) have high affinity toward tumor vasculature. We hypothesized further that intratumoral delivery of the GA‐ 198 AuNP agent within prostate tumor will allow optimal therapeutic payload that will significantly or completely ablate tumor without side effects, in patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. In order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of this new nanoceutical, GA‐ 198 AuNP was produced by stabilization of radioactive gold nanoparticles ( 198 Au) with the FDA‐approved glycoprotein, GA. This review will describe basic and clinical translation studies toward realization of the therapeutic potential and myriad of clinical applications of GA‐ 198 AuNP agent in treating prostate and various solid tumors in human cancer patients. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2012, 4:42–51. doi: 10.1002/wnan.161 This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery Emerging Technologies Diagnostic Tools In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2006
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 04-08-2014
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 19-09-2019
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5OB00842E
Abstract: A series of pyrazolo–triazole hybrids were designed and synthesized by combining the 1,3-diphenyl pyrazole and triazole scaffolds to obtain (1-benzyl-1 H -1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(1,3-diphenyl-1 H -pyrazol-4-yl)methanones.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3MA00391D
Publisher: American Scientific Publishers
Date: 02-2010
Abstract: A one-step method for synthesis of bioconjugated gold nanoparticles is reported. A non-toxic and biocompatible phosphorus based reducing agent was used for reduction of gold (III) and formation of nanoparticles. Physicochemical properties of protein-A stabilized gold nanoparticls were investigated. Result of immunoassay experiments confirmed the potential of the synthesized anti-protein-A conjugated gold nanoparticles for use as a simple and inexpensive test for quantitative screening of protein-A s les.
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 03-04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-01-2019
Location: India
Start Date: 01-2014
End Date: 12-2018
Amount: $510,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
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