ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4724-964X
Current Organisation
The University of Newcastle
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.1177/048661349502700401
Abstract: In the measurement of occupational segregation by race and gender, pairwise comparisons of employment distributions, based on the Index of Dissimilarity, are unsatisfactory. A multidimensional approach, based on Silber (1992), is adopted to analyze trends in segregation across six race/gender groups and four groups of occupations over the period 1983-92. Black males and females have integrated fastest, whereas Hispanics integrated slowest. White-collar occupations exhibited a modest pro-cyclical rate of integration, but blue-collar occupations exhibited little change. The empirical results are linked to the recent radical literature that explores the relationship between job exclusion, racial discrimination and wage differentials (Mason 1993 and Williams 1991).
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 27-07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3270642
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1994
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-1993
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2009
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 07-10-2020
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 12-2021
Abstract: This paper is critical of the conceptual foundations and methodology adopted by Smithin (2020) in his exploration of the impact of different interest-rate policy rules on inflation. His modelling framework is too narrow to adequately discriminate between different interest-rate rules in terms of their broader macroeconomic impacts.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1990
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1992
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1978
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 25-07-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-2014
Abstract: Eurozone economies were the most adversely affected by the Global Financial Crisis, with forecast macroeconomic outcomes still highly uncertain. This article argues first that the Eurozone policy framework can be viewed as neo-liberalism overlaid with policy constraints associated with a mis-specified Optimum Currency Area. We are critical of this framework since it is incompatible with the policy sovereignty that is experienced, if not utilised, by sovereign economies such as the USA, UK and Australia. Second, recent and proposed policy reforms which generally lie within the constraints of the Eurozone framework are examined. We conclude that these policies are piecemeal and fail to restore policy sovereignty, which ultimately requires that member countries exit the Eurozone. Key issues associated with such an exit are briefly discussed.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 26-05-2023
Abstract: This paper draws on nearly 25 years of modern monetary theory (MMT) scholarship to provide an assessment of the critique of MMT by Drumetz/Pfister in their 2021 working paper. The present paper commences with a review of methodology. It then pursues a thematic approach, initially exploring the issue of currency sovereignty and the nature of modern monetary systems before addressing the specific criticisms that Drumetz/Pfister have raised about MMT’s approach to monetary and fiscal policy.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1982
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-01-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2003
Abstract: In this review, we provide a description of the macroeconomic environment prevailing in 2002, as a backdrop to an analysis of movements in wages, with particular reference to the Safety Net Adjustment in May. We conclude that there is no evidence of an acceleration of wage growth in 2002. A number of rulings and legislative changes that impact on wage setting are assessed.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 30-06-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1990
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 29-07-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1988
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2009
Abstract: There is no consensus on the relationship between urban form and commuting behaviour in the international literature. However, there has been limited Australian research on commuting patterns. In this paper, an integrated spatial econometric model which utilises a number of proxies for urban form is employed to analyse the determinants of average commuting distance by occupation across Statistical Local Areas in the Sydney metropolitan area of New South Wales. It is found that, in contrast to a number of US studies, the jobs to residents ratio is an inadequate proxy for urban form and that both the minimum commute and measures of job proximity have superior explanatory power in concert with a range of socioeconomic variables, including occupational prestige, educational attainment and weekly hours of work.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1990
DOI: 10.1177/002218569003200303
Abstract: With few exceptions, the wage guidelines between 1975 and March 1987 in Australia imposed uniform percentage wage adjustments. From 1975 to 1983, however, the inter- industry Average Weekly and Ordinary Time Earnings distributions exhibited increased dispersion, which reflected less stringent compliance requirements than the later period, when intra-industry wage dispersion appeared to rise. During the period 1983-87, incremental creep and job promotions for incumbent workers appear to explain part of the increased dispersion. Over the period 1966-88, both inter-industry wage distributions exhibited significant rank order correlations, except for the period 1980-81 during the breakdown of the centralized system. This suggests that there is a relatively stable ordering of inter-industry wages, irrespective of the presence or absence of incomes policy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-05-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1983
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1983
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-1985
DOI: 10.1177/048661348501700111
Abstract: We claim that, within the radical paradigm Gordon's (1976) two dimensions of efficiency are meaningless. His dichotomy is consistent with neo-Ricardian theory. Qualitative efficiency is redefined in value terms and the concept of quantitative efficiency is scrapped. Marglin's (1974) work is re-examined. The authors consider whether the choice of production technology reflects the imperatives of capitalism.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1997
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-06-2022
DOI: 10.1177/14413582221104854
Abstract: This article presents a systematic literature review which synthesises current knowledge to advance a more sophisticated conceptual framework to measure the return on investment (ROI) in complaints management. Literature is examined from searches of ProQuest, EBSCO, Emerald Plus and Google Scholar to create a road map of extant knowledge published from 1987 to 2021 in marketing and consumer related fields. Five themes associated with ROI measurement research are identified across four time periods: Cost reduction, Organisational learning, Reputational effect, Current customer focus and Social benefits. Few studies develop a comprehensive conceptual framework for the calculation of the ROI. The current literature is then extended, with the development of a framework to assist complaint management researchers and practitioners to evaluate Customer Complaint Management practices. The framework also informs the necessary data collection. Finally, new research directions are outlined to guide scholarly enquiry.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-1992
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2000
Publisher: Alexandrine Press
Date: 16-09-2008
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1068/A41100
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-09-2013
Publisher: Duke University Press
Date: 11-1998
DOI: 10.2307/3004016
Abstract: Empirical studies of gender segregation by occupation must be founded on rigorous measurement procedures. There appears to be a consensus that any index used in the analysis of time-series or international cross-section employment data must be either margin-free or decomposable to yield a margin-free component. On the other hand, Charles and Grusky (1995) advocate the use of multiplicative log models from which a margin-free odds ratio can be derived. In this paper, I contrast the construction and interpretation of the index of dissimilarity and the Karmel-MacLachlan index with the multiplicative modeling of gender segregation and the associated log index.
Publisher: Duke University Press
Date: 11-1998
DOI: 10.2307/3004018
Abstract: In their paper in this issue. Grusky and Charles (1998) make a number of dubious claims about the measurement and interpretation of sex segregation. First, they incorrectly claim that only log-odds measures yield margin-free measures of segregation. Second. the estimation and testing of a limited class of log-linear models does not provide an independent test of the appropriateness of a log-odds ratio index to measure segregation. Their estimation informs them of the statistically justifiable degree of occupational disaggregation, not whether a log-odds ratio is superior to, say, a linear index in the measurement of segregation. Finally, their index A is beset with problems of interpretation. not withstanding their arguments. and their additional measures, Aw and AB, suffer similar problems. Grusky and Charles are. however, correct in arguing that measurement procedures should be margin-free. Further, I concur with the view that the adoption of a single annual summary measure of segregation cannot be justified. because it is premised on the assumption that in idual occupations, or groups of occupations. exhibit similar trends in sex segregation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1995
Publisher: Inderscience Publishers
Date: 2006
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-1997
DOI: 10.1177/0193841X9702100403
Abstract: The properties of three multidimensional measures of occupational segregation by gender and race are compared-namely, the generalizations of the Karmel and Maclachlan and Gini indexes and Goodman and Kruskal's τ b . The generalization of the Gini index is shown to be flawed. Calculations are undertaken for the other two measures, using unpublished U.S. Department of Labor employment data for six gender/race groups for the period 1983 to 1992. It is concluded that, if correctly decomposed, Silber's generalization of the Karmel and Maclachlan index is the superior measure for tracking trends over time of occupational segregation by gender and race.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2002
Abstract: The number of employees covered by certified agreements increased during 2001, but wage determination remained fragmented. The inflationary impact of higher oil prices and the depreciation of the Australian dollar in the second half of 2000, when the economy was also absorbing the impact of the GST, threatened the wage targets of the Reserve Bank. Contrary to expectations, wage growth remained modest. The Commission again adopted a compromise Safety Net Decision in May. The review concludes that, notwithstanding the improvement in the conditions of employment of some non-standard employees following successful cases brought to Federal and State Commissions, the balance of forces between employers and employees has fundamentally shifted over the last decade and this has impacted on wage outcomes. This reflects a combination of workplace reform, in particular the Workplace Relations Act, and the associated structural change in the labour market.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1997
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1472-9296.2005.00165.X
Abstract: In 2004 money wages continued to grow at a moderate rate within Reserve Bank limits. In May, the Australian Industrial Relations Commission raised the federal minimum wage by $19 as part of the safety net adjustment. The workplace reform agenda of the federal government continued to be largely frustrated by the Senate, but the Coalition victory in October and its Senate majority in mid-2005 led the pundits to predict more energetic workplace reform in the coming months. The Australian Council of Trade Unions pursued a number of test cases before the Commission, which challenged the desire of employers and the federal government for a flexible award system, rather than one constrained by externally imposed entitlements.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-07-2005
DOI: 10.1093/ESR/JCI034
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1080/758534263
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-1991
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: In 2005 money wages continued to grow at a moderate rate within Reserve Bank limits with no evidence of generalized wage pressures arising from skill shortages. In June the Australian Industrial Relations Commission raised the Federal Minimum Wage by $17 as part of the Safety Net Adjustment. The second half of the year was dominated by speculation about the consequences for wage determination of the implementation of the WorkChoices bill which was passed by both Houses of Parliament in December.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2004
Abstract: There was evidence of a very modest acceleration of wage growth in late 2003. The workplace reform agenda slowed in 2003, with the federal government attempting to outlaw any apparent manifestations of union power, such as pattern bargaining and bargaining fees, through legislative reform. No real progress was made with respect to family friendly initiatives, which might challenge the managerial prerogative for determining hours and other conditions of employment.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2001
Abstract: Following the Workplace Relations Act (1996) , wages continued to be determined in a fragmented manner in 2000 via the award safety net, union and non-union certified agreements and in idual contracts. Inevitably tensions arose as the full ramifications of enterprise bargaining became clear in an environment of strong economic growth and falling unemployment. The equity of the wages system was again under the spotlight with the annual re-run of the Safety Net Case in May. The Federal Government attempted to tighten the provisions of the Workplace Relations Act to outlaw pattern bargaining, but was stymied in the Senate by the Democrats. The Howard Government feared that genuine enterprise bargaining would be under threat if unions could bargain across a number of workplaces on the basis of a common claim. In the second half of the year the continued depreciation of the Australian dollar, and the sharp increase in the US dollar price of oil occurred at a time when the economy was absorbing the impact of the GST. The ACTU foreshadowed demands for wage increases in excess of $20 in the next Safety Net Case. These developments threatened the inflation targets of the Reserve Bank and could lead to interest rate increases in the new year. The capacity of a fragmented, inconsistent wage determination system to accommodate the impact of higher cost inflation and maintain equitable outcomes without a rise in unemployment will be severely challenged in the coming months. In late October the Minister for Employment, Workplace Relations and Small Business foreshadowed the use of the corporations power in the Constitution to achieve a unified industrial relations system.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2007
Abstract: In 2006 money wages grew more slowly than in 2005 and within Reserve Bank limits with no evidence of generalized wage pressures arising from skill shortages. The Reserve Bank raised interest rates three times during the year, further reducing housing affordability. Mortgagee sales of homes have exhibited a significant increase. There was intense media attention as to the impact on wages and conditions of the implementation of the Work Choices legislation. The long-awaited first decision by the Fair Pay Commission yielded an increase of AUS$27.36 per week for about 1m workers payable from 1 December. The lowest weekly wage rose to AUS$511.86, which represents a marginal real wage cut.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2010
Abstract: Two recurring themes in submissions by industry groups and the Coalition Government to Safety Net Cases administered by both the Australian Industrial Relations Commission and the Australian Fair Pay Commission, as well as in decisions by both Commissions, have been that (1) an improvement in the tax/transfer arrangements for the low paid is a partial substitute for minimum wage increases and (2) the family circumstances of low wage recipients should influence the degree of minimum wage adjustment. In this paper it is argued that conflation of the wage and tax/transfer systems introduces major contradictions into the principles of minimum wage adjustment, and that reliance on the tax/transfer system leads to adverse economic and social consequences. A simple rule for minimum wage adjustment is advocated, with the minimum wage level also being periodically recalibrated to enable the ongoing social inclusion of its recipients. Finally, in the international literature, the macroeconomic consequences of modest minimum wage adjustment remain contested, but this debate becomes largely irrelevant if the Federal Government renews its commitment to full employment through a Job Guarantee. Then the minimum wage also becomes the nominal anchor of the wage and price system.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2008
Abstract: In 2007 money wages rose marginally faster than in 2006 but there was no evidence of generalized wage pressures arising from skill shortages. The Reserve Bank raised interest rates twice during the year, further reducing housing affordability. The Fair Pay Commission decision in July temporarily restored the real wages of the lowest paid, but there was further compression of the lower deciles of the wage distribution. With petrol prices continuing to rise, household living standards are under threat, particularly those of workers reliant on the wage adjustment through the Commission whose next decision will not be operational until October 2008. The election of the Labor Government in November led to speculation as to extent to which the Work Choices legislation would be amended.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-1993
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2021
No related grants have been discovered for Martin WATTS.