ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7976-0138
Current Organisation
UNSW Sydney
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-03-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.7B00246
Abstract: A highly efficient fluorescence switch system based on a closed bipolar electrode (C-BPE) system was proposed for the first time. Here, Au nanoclusters (Au NCs) were premodified on one pole of the BPE and acted as the fluorescent donor. On the basis of the spectral overlap between the absorbance of electrochromic material-Prussian blue (PB) and the fluorescence spectrum of Au NCs, fluorescence quenching ("off" state) induced by the inner filter effect was observed. Due to the electrochemical reversible redox reaction between PB and Prussian white, switching the polarity of driving voltage could easily achieve the fluorescence recovery of the Au NCs, corresponding to the "on" state. Through the reasonable design of C-BPE and optimization of driving voltage, the on-off ratio of the integrated fluorescence switch was up to 2.7 and a good fatigue resistance while performing 10 on-off cycles was obtained owing to the good stability of Au NCs and the reversible redox feature of PB. The introduction of BPE made the fluorescence switch more simple and controllable compared with the traditional three-electrode system, which will provide a new route for the design of the electrical-stimuli responsive fluorescence switch, especially for the integration of the miniaturized device.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-09-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.8B02838
Abstract: This paper demonstrated the fabrication of a facile, low-cost, and self-powered platform for point-of-care fitness level and athletic performance monitoring sensor using electrochemical lithography method and its application in body fluid sensing. Flexible Au russian blue electrode was employed as the indicating electrode, where the color change was an indication of fitness level and athletic performance. A piece of Al foil, Au/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-glucose dehydrogenase, and Au olymethylene blue-MWCNTs-lactic dehydrogenase electrodes were used for the detection of ionic strength, glucose, and lactic acid in sweat, respectively, which allows the sensor to work without any extra instrumentation and the output signal can be recognized by the naked eyes. The advantages of these sensors are (1) self-powered (2) readily applicable to the detection of any electroactive substance by an electrochromic material (3) easy to fabricate via two steps of EDP and (4) point-of-care. By assembling the energy and sensing components together through a transparent adhesive tape, the proposed self-powered wearable biosensor exhibits superior performances, indicating its broad applied prospect in the point-of-care diagnoses.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2015.03.035
Abstract: In this article, we propose a nanopore-based approach to detect metal ions without any external functionalization. In detection of the biologically and environmentally relevant Cr(3+) ion as a prototypical ex le to prove our strategy, both selectivity and sensitivity were in idually achieved. In contrast to mainstream research based on receptor-functionalized nanopores, we report a method for easy regeneration of the nanopore surface that allows elimination of the tedious functionalization steps. Besides, with the assistance of a strong chelator (EDTA), the asymmetric nanopore becomes highly resistant to the interference of the metal-ions matrix, and shows significant specificity towards Cr(3+). The detection limit of this sensor was 16 nM (signal-to-noise ratio=3), which was comparable to reported values. By virtue of the reusability of the polymer surface, metal ion sensors based on asymmetric nanopores can be applied universally in combination with chelators sensitive to specific metal ions.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-09-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.8B03249
Abstract: All-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-02-2016
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.6B00054
Abstract: Here we report a self-powered-bipolar-electrochromic-electrode (termed SP-BP-EC-E) array for the displaying applications including catalyst screening, catalytic activity measurement, and enzyme substrate quantification. By replacing the directional (or active) power source with the isotropic chemical energy to drive the bipolar electrochemical reaction, the driving background signal, bipolar electrode (BPE) background signal, uneven reporting signal and the influence of electrolysis which commonly appear in traditional bipolar systems are effectively eliminated from origin. Thus, the reporting signals from the SP-BP-EC-E arrays can be more direct and reliable to reflect the target nature. Such a SP-BP-EC-E platform exhibits a sensitive response toward the fast analysis of commercial Pt black catalyst, NiPdAu hollow nanospheres, glucose dehydrogenase, and glucose. To our knowledge, this test paper-like SP-BP-EC-E is the simplest platform for high-throughput screening to date, which offers a very convenient approach for nonprofessional people to access the complicated screening and fast analysis of the electrocatalysts and biocatalyst activity and quantification of enzymatic substrates.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-09-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-02-2019
Abstract: We have recently demonstrated that Enokitake mushroom-like gold with nanoparticles as the "head" and nanowires as the "tail" could grow directly on elastomeric substrates, which are extremely stretchable electrodes that can be used as wearable sensors for detecting strain and pressure. In this work, we show that such electrodes can also be used as intrinsically stretchable glucose biosensors. By modifying the vertical gold nanowire electrodes with glucose oxidase and Prussian blue nanoparticles, a limit of detection of 10 μM, sensitivity of 23.72 μA·mM
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6NR03608B
Abstract: Herein, a multifunctional nanoarchitecture has been developed by integrating well-crystalline molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) nanotubes and an electrochemical indicator - thionin (TH). The Mo2C nanotubes were synthesized through the self-degradable template method and high-temperature calcination, and their structure and morphology were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Due to the high electrocatalytic properties, excellent conductivity and highly active surface area of Mo2C nanotubes, the Mo2C-based material was used as a nanocarrier to load TH molecules for the development of a label-free electrochemical immunosensor for α-fetoprotein (AFP) detection. The decorated TH probe on the Mo2C nanotubes not only acted as a bridging molecule to effectively capture and immobilize primary anti-AFP on the Mo2C nanotubes, but also acted as a signal indicator for the detection of AFP. The proposed immunosensor exhibited excellent selectivity (with a detection limit of 3 pg mL(-1)), high stability and good reproducibility by combining the unique structure and features of the Mo2C nanotubes. Furthermore, this sensing platform was finally used for the detection of AFP in human serum with satisfactory results. Therefore, the Mo2C nanotubes can be considered as a candidate carbon material for fabrication of simple, label-free and ultrasensitive electrochemical sensors, broadening the application of this material.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-04-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.9B00152
Abstract: Development of high-performance fiber-shaped wearable sensors is of great significance for next-generation smart textiles for real-time and out-of-clinic health monitoring. The previous focus has been mainly on monitoring physical parameters such as pressure and strains associated with human activities. Development of an enzyme-based non-invasive wearable electrochemical sensor to monitor biochemical vital signs of health such as the glucose level in sweat has attracted increasing attention recently, due to the unmet clinical needs for the diabetic patients. To achieve this, the key challenge lies in the design of a highly stretchable fiber with high conductivity, facile enzyme immobilization, and strain-insensitive properties. Herein, we demonstrate an elastic gold fiber-based three-electrode electrochemical platform that can meet the aforementioned criteria toward wearable textile glucose biosensing. The gold fiber could be functionalized with Prussian blue and glucose oxidase to obtain the working electrode and modified by Ag/AgCl to serve as the reference electrode and the nonmodified gold fiber could serve as the counter electrode. The as-fabricated textile glucose biosensors achieved a linear range of 0-500 μM and a sensitivity of 11.7 μA mM
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-02-2019
Abstract: Electronic skins (e-skins) have the potential to be conformally integrated with human body to revolutionize wearable electronics for a myriad of technical applications including healthcare, soft robotics, and the internet of things, to name a few. One of the challenges preventing the current proof of concept translating to real-world applications is the device durability, in which the strong adhesion between active materials and elastomeric substrate or human skin is required. Here, a new strategy is reported to embed vertically aligned standing gold nanowires (v-AuNWs) into polydimethylsiloxane, leading to a robust e-skin sensor. It is found that v-AuNWs with pinholes can have an adhesion energy 18-fold greater than that for pinhole-free v-AuNWs. Finite element modeling results show that this is due to friction force from interfacial embedment. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the robust e-skin sensor can be used for braille recognition.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-02-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3CC45841E
Abstract: A new approach is proposed for accurate measurement of the pore sizes in a track-etched PET membrane (polyethylene terephthalate) from a nanometer scale to a submicrometer scale, which only entailed UV-Vis spectrometry.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOS.2016.05.080
Abstract: Herein, a gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based label-free colorimetric aptasensor for simple, sensitive and selective detection of Pt (II) was constructed for the first time. Four bases (G-G mismatch) mismatched streptavidin aptamer (MSAA) was used to protect AuNPs from salt-induced aggregation and recognize Pt (II) specifically. Only in the presence of Pt (II), coordination occurs between G-G bases and Pt (II), leading to the activation of streptavidin aptamer. Streptavidin coated magnetic beads (MBs) were used as separation agent to separate Pt (II)-coordinated MSAA. The residual less amount of MSAA could not efficiently protect AuNPs anymore and aggregation of AuNPs will produce a colorimetric product. With the addition of Pt (II), a pale purple-to-blue color variation could be observed by the naked eye. A detection limit of 150nM and a linear range from 0.6μM to 12.5μM for Pt (II) could be achieved without any lification.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/C9TB02477H
Abstract: A stretchable gold fiber-based wearable electrochemical pH two-electrodes sensing system for human health monitoring.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.TALANTA.2015.11.063
Abstract: A simple, rapid and general method of self-initiated photografting and photopolymerization (SIPGP) was first introduced to fabricate dual-responsive nanochannel with a solid-state conical nanopore for the first time. The high density of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the internal surface of the etched poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) nanochannel acted as photo-active sites to provide further growth and lification of polymer brushes via SIPGP. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) was chosen as a prototypical polymer which can be grafted on the surface of the nanochannel with high efficiency. SIPGP provided a smart and simple strategy to graft polymer brush on the surface of the nanochannel without the need of a surface bonded initiator. Series of characterizations including current-voltage curves, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated the successful construction of the polymer. The functionalized nanochannel was finally used for the construction of smart gate with perfect responsibility, reversibility and stability towards CO2 and temperature. This modification strategy combined with unique character of the polymer may hold a great potential in building various smart responsive systems.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-07-2022
Abstract: Closing both the carbon and nitrogen loops is a critical venture to support the establishment of the circular, net‐zero carbon economy. Although single atom catalysts (SACs) have gained interest for the electrochemical reduction reactions of both carbon dioxide (CO 2 RR) and nitrate (NO 3 RR), the structure–activity relationship for Cu SAC coordination for these reactions remains unclear and should be explored such that a fundamental understanding is developed. To this end, the role of the Cu coordination structure is investigated in dictating the activity and selectivity for the CO 2 RR and NO 3 RR. In agreement with the density functional theory calculations, it is revealed that Cu‐N 4 sites exhibit higher intrinsic activity toward the CO 2 RR, whilst both Cu‐N 4 and Cu‐N 4− x ‐C x sites are active toward the NO 3 RR. Leveraging these findings, CO 2 RR and NO 3 RR are coupled for the formation of urea on Cu SACs, revealing the importance of *COOH binding as a critical parameter determining the catalytic activity for urea production. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report employing SACs for electrochemical urea synthesis from CO 2 RR and NO 3 RR, which achieves a Faradaic efficiency of 28% for urea production with a current density of − 27 mA cm –2 at − 0.9 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOS.2022.114924
Abstract: Soft, conformal and wearable epidermal fuel cells may offer promising energy solutions to power next-generation on-skin electronics on-demand anytime anywhere. However, it is non-trivial to design intrinsically stretchable electrode in order to maintain the fuel cell performance under real-world and dynamic mechanical deformations. Here, we present a tattoo-like epidermal fuel cell based on Pd conformally-coated, one-end-embedded percolation gold nanowire (EP-AuNW/EP-AuPdNW) networks, which are in essence the combination of in-plane percolation conductivity and out-plane anisotropic conductivity. Both EP-AuNW and EP-AuPdNW are intrinsically stretchable conductors for anode and cathode in fuel cell. Compared to non-conformal counterparts, a 6-times greater power density was achieved for conformal system. Importantly, EP-NW based fuel cell can function under various mechanical deformations including stretching, compression, bending, and twisting the power density showed negligible changes to the tensile strain up to ∼50% and could maintain its 75% performance even under 80% strain. Furthermore, a dragon-tattoo epidermal fuel cell was fabricated, demonstrating on-demand power generation with real-world ethanol sources.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5CC10556K
Abstract: Two fluorescence sensitive substrates of G4 DNAzyme with inverse responses were simultaneously used to a cascade advanced DNA logic device based DNA analysis for the first time.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-08-2020
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-12-2015
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.5B03685
Abstract: In this work, we report a nanoscale multichannel closed bipolar electrode (BPE) array based on the poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) membrane for the first time. With our design, oxidants, coreactants, quenchers, and even biomarkers can be detected in a Ru(bpy)3(2+)/TPA (tripropylamine) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) system. The multichannel PET membrane was etched according to our desire by NaOH, and then Au nanofibers were decorated in the inner region of the channel as a BPE array. Using ECL as a signal readout, a series of targets including TPA, Ru(bpy)3(2+), dopamine, H2O2, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) can be detected with this device. The practical application of the proposed multichannel closed BPE array was verified in the detection of AFP and CEA in human serum with satisfying results. This kind of nanoscale device holds promising potential for multianalysis. More importantly, as the PET membrane used in this device can be etched with a desirable diameter (nano- to microscale) and different BPE array densities (ion tracks of 10(8)/cm(2), 10(6)/cm(2), 10(4)/cm(2)), our design can be served as a useful platform for future advances in nanoscale bipolar electrochemistry.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 24-09-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.9B02610
Abstract: Traditional electrochemical biosensing electrodes (e.g., gold disk, glassy carbon electrode, etc.) can undergo sophisticated design to detect chemicals/biologicals from cells. However, such electrodes are typically rigid and nonstretchable, rendering it challenging to detect cellular activities in real-time and in situ when cells are in mechanically deformed states. Here, we report a new stretchable electrochemical cell-sensing platform based on vertically aligned gold nanowires embedded in PDMS (v-AuNWs/PDMS). Using H
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 28-10-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-09-2016
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.6B02282
Abstract: In this work, the effective fluorescence quenching ability of polydopamine nanotubes (PDANTs) toward various fluorescent dyes was studied and further applied to fluorescent biosensing for the first time. The PDANTs could quench the fluorophores with different emission frequencies, aminomethylcoumarin acetate (AMCA), 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM), 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), and Cy5. All the quenching efficiencies reached to more than 97%. Taking advantage of PDANTs' different affinities toward ssDNA and dsDNA and utilizing the complex of FAM-labeled ssDNA and PDANTs as a sensing platform, we achieved highly sensitive and selective detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assisted with Exonuclease III lification. The limits of detection (LODs) of HIV DNA and ATP reached to 3.5 pM and 150 nM, respectively, which were all lower than that of previous nanoquenchers with Exo III lification, and the platform also presented good applicability in biological s les. Fluorescent sensing applications of this nanotube enlightened other targets detection based upon it and enriched the building blocks of fluorescent sensing platforms. This polydopamine nanotube also possesses excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, which is suitable for future drug delivery, cell imaging, and other biological applications.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4TB00844H
Abstract: Through SWNTs, duplex DNA derived from folding of single-stranded DNA can be quantitated with Zr 4+ –PEI coated cone-shaped nanopore. With Hg 2+ detection, sensitivity and selectivity based on this paradigm is guaranteed without probe immobilization.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 07-2014
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0889
Abstract: Background: Only a minority of the genetic components of prostate cancer risk have been explained. Some observed associations of SNPs with prostate cancer might arise from associations of these SNPs with circulating prostate-specific antigen (PSA) because PSA values are used to select controls. Methods: We undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of screen-detected prostate cancer (ProtecT: 1,146 cases and 1,804 controls) meta-analyzed the results with those from the previously published UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study (1,854 cases and 1,437 controls) investigated associations of SNPs with prostate cancer using either “low” (PSA & 0.5 ng/mL) or “high” (PSA ≥ 3 ng/mL, biopsy negative) PSA controls and investigated associations of SNPs with PSA. Results: The ProtecT GWAS confirmed previously reported associations of prostate cancer at three loci: 10q11.23, 17q24.3, and 19q13.33. The meta-analysis confirmed associations of prostate cancer with SNPs near four previously identified loci (8q24.21,10q11.23, 17q24.3, and 19q13.33). When comparing prostate cancer cases with low PSA controls, alleles at genetic markers rs1512268, rs445114, rs10788160, rs11199874, rs17632542, rs266849, and rs2735839 were associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, but the effect-estimates were attenuated to the null when using high PSA controls (Pheterogeneity in effect-estimates & 0.04). We found a novel inverse association of rs9311171-T with circulating PSA. Conclusions: Differences in effect-estimates for prostate cancer observed when comparing low versus high PSA controls may be explained by associations of these SNPs with PSA. Impact: These findings highlight the need for inferences from genetic studies of prostate cancer risk to carefully consider the influence of control selection criteria. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 23(7) 1356–65. ©2014 AACR.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-03-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACSSENSORS.7B00031
Abstract: A bipolar electrode (BPE) is an electron conductor that is embedded in the electrolyte solution without the direct connection with the external power source (driving electrode). When the sufficient voltage was provided, the two poles of BPE promote different oxidation and reduction reactions. During the past few years, BPEs with wireless feature and easy integration showed great promise in the various fields including asymmetric modification/synthesis, motion control, targets enrichment/separation, and chemical sensing/biosensing combined with the quantitative relationship between two poles of BPE. In this perspective paper, we first describe the concept and history of the BPE for analytical chemistry and then review the recent developments in the application of BPEs for sensing with ultrahigh current efficiency (η
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-11-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-01-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1038/AM.2017.132
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-10-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.8B03423
Abstract: Conventional electrodes produced from gold or glassy carbon are outstanding electrochemical platforms for biosensing applications due to their chemical inertness and wide electrochemical window, but are intrinsically rigid and planar in nature. Hence, it is challenging to seamlessly integrate them with soft and curvilinear biological tissues for real-time wearable or implantable electronics. In this work, we demonstrate that vertically gold nanowires (v-AuNWs) possess an enokitake-like structure, with the nanoparticle (head) on one side and nanowires (tail) on the opposite side of the structure, and can serve as intrinsically stretchable, electrochemical electrodes due to the stronger nanowire-elastomer bonding forces preventing from interfacial delamination under strains. The exposed head side of the electrode comprising v-AuNWs can achieve a detection limit for H
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-08-2019
Abstract: Sensitive, specific, yet multifunctional tattoo-like electronics are ideal wearable systems for "any time, any where" health monitoring because they can virtually become parts of the human skin, offering a burdenless "unfeelable" wearing experience. A skin-like, multifunctional electronic tattoo made entirely from gold using a standing enokitake-mushroom-like vertically aligned nanowire membrane in conjunction with a programmable local cracking technology is reported. Unlike previous multifunctional systems, only a single material type is needed for the integrated gold circuits involved in interconnects and multiplexed specific sensors, thereby avoiding the use of complex multimaterials interfaces. This is possiblebecause the programmable local cracking technology allows for the arbitrary fine-tuning of the properties of elastic gold conductors from strain-insensitive to highly strain-sensitive simply by adjusting localized crack size, shape, and orientations-a capability impossible to achieve with previous bulk cracking technology. Furthermore, in-plane integration of strain ressure sensors, anisotropic orientation-specific sensors, strain-insensitive stretchable interconnects, temperature sensors, glucose sensors, and lactate sensors without the need of soldering or gluing are demonstrated. This strategy opens a new general route for the design of next-generation wearable electronic tattoos.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-03-2017
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3AY41867G
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-07-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.7B01897
Abstract: Bimetallic nanoclusters (NCs) with superior performance to that of monometallic nanoclusters have attracted extensive research interest due to the synergetic effect of the two atoms. Inspired from the silver effect on the enhanced fluorescence intensity of Au NCs, a series of bovine serum albumin-protected Au-Ag bimetallic NCs were prepared by regulating the molar ratios of HAuCl
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 12-01-2018
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.7B04428
Abstract: In the present work, an enhanced and stable anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was observed from a suspension of boron nitride quantum dots (BNQDs) and Ru(bpy)
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6AN00675B
Abstract: In this work, an electrochromic sensing platform with prussian blue (PB) as the indicator was proposed for signaling carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using the bipolar electrode (BPE) system.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-11-2017
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.ANALCHEM.7B02701
Abstract: Suitably designed electrochemiluminescence (ECL) carrying group acting as high-efficiency solid-state probe has attracted a lot of attention. Herein, molybdenum carbides with the two-dimensional ultrathin nanosheet structure on the surface and excellent conductivity were successfully employed as the nanocarriers for the capture of ECL reagent of luminol-capped Au nanoparticles (luminol-AuNPs). Notably, the luminol-AuNPs in the hybrid (luminol-AuNPs@Mo
No related grants have been discovered for Qingfeng Zhai.