ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6724-7011
Current Organisations
University College Cork
,
Teagasc Food Research Centre Moorepark
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Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
Date: 06-02-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11886-014-0515-2
Abstract: The intestinal production of lipoproteins is one of the key processes by which the body prepares dietary lipid for dissemination to locations throughout the body where they are required. Paramount to this is the relationship between dietary lipid and the enterocytes that line the gut, along with the processes which prepare this lipid for efficient uptake by these cells. These include those which occur in the mouth and stomach along with those which occur within the intestinal lumen itself. Additionally, the interplay between digested lipid, dual avenues for lipid uptake by enterocytes (passive and lipid transporter proteins), a system of intercellular lipid resynthesis and transport, and a complex system of lipoprotein synthesis yield a system open to significant modulation. In this review, we will attempt to outline the processes of lipid digestion, lipoprotein synthesis and the exogenous and endogenous factors which exert their influence.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.FEBSLET.2014.03.035
Abstract: The human gut microbiota comprises approximately 100 trillion microbial cells and has a significant effect on many aspects of human physiology including metabolism, nutrient absorption and immune function. Disruption of this population has been implicated in many conditions and diseases, including ex les such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer that are highlighted in this review. A logical extension of these observations suggests that the manipulation of the gut microbiota can be employed to prevent or treat these conditions. Thus, here we highlight a variety of options, including the use of changes in diet (including the use of prebiotics), antimicrobial-based intervention, probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation, and discuss their relative merits with respect to modulating the intestinal community in a beneficial way.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Abstract: Probiotic bacteria have been associated with a reduction in cardiovascular disease risk, a leading cause of death and disability. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of dietary administration of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus cultures on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. First, we examined lipid metabolism in response to dietary supplementation with recombinant β-glucan-producing Lactobacillus paracasei National Food Biotechnology Centre (NFBC) 338 expressing the glycosyltransferase (Gtf) gene from Pediococcus parvulus 2.6 (GTF), and naturally exopolysaccharide-producing Lactobacillus mucosae Dairy Product Culture Collection (DPC) 6426 (DPC 6426) compared with the non-β-glucan-producing isogenic control strain Lactobacillus paracasei NFBC 338 (PNZ) and placebo (15% wt:vol trehalose). Second, we examined the effects on the gut microbiota of dietary administration of DPC 6426 compared with placebo. Probiotic Lactobacillus strains at 1 × 10(9) colony-forming units/d per animal were administered to apoE(-/-) mice fed a high-fat (60% fat)/high-cholesterol (2% wt:wt) diet for 12 wk. At the end of the study, aortic plaque development and serum, liver, and fecal variables involved in lipid metabolism were analyzed, and culture-independent microbial analyses of cecal content were performed. Total cholesterol was reduced in serum (P < 0.001 ∼33-50%) and liver (P < 0.05 ∼30%) and serum triglyceride concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05 ∼15-25%) in mice supplemented with GTF or DPC 6426 compared with the PNZ or placebo group, respectively. In addition, dietary intervention with GTF led to increased amounts of fecal cholesterol excretion (P < 0.05) compared with all other groups. Compositional sequencing of the gut microbiota revealed a greater prevalence of Porphyromonadaceae (P = 0.001) and Prevotellaceae (P = 0.001) in the DPC 6426 group and lower proportions of Clostridiaceae (P < 0.05), Peptococcaceae (P < 0.001), and Staphylococcaceae (P < 0.01) compared with the placebo group. Ingestion of exopolysaccharide-producing lactobacilli resulted in seemingly favorable improvements in lipid metabolism, which were associated with changes in the gut microbiota of mice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHEP.2014.06.025
Abstract: Despite the mortality associated with liver disease observed in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), mechanisms underlying the development of SBS-associated liver disease (SBS-ALD) are poorly understood. This study examines the impact of bacterially-mediated bile acid (BA) dysmetabolism on farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling pathways and clinical outcome in a piglet model of SBS-ALD. 4-week old piglets underwent 75% small bowel resection (SBR) or sham operation. Liver histology and hepatic inflammatory gene expression were examined. Abundance of BA biotransforming bacteria was determined and metabolomic studies detailed the alterations in BA composition of stool, portal serum and bile s les. Gene expression of intestinal and hepatic FXR target genes and small heterodimer partner (SHP) transrepression targets were assessed. Histological evidence of SBS-ALD included liver bile duct proliferation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis. Inflammatory gene expression was increased. Microbiota changes included a 10-fold decrease in Clostridium and a two-fold decrease in Bacteroides in SBS-ALD piglets. BA composition was altered and reflected a primary BA dominant composition. Intestinal and hepatic regulation of BA synthesis was characterised by a blunted intestinal FXR activation response and a failure of SHP to repress key hepatic targets. We propose a pathological scenario in which microbial dysbiosis following SBR results in significant BA dysmetabolism and consequent outcomes including steatorrhoea, persistent diarrhoea and liver damage. Furthermore alterations in BA composition may have contributed to the observed disturbance in FXR-mediated signalling pathways. These findings provide an insight into the complex mechanisms mediating the development of liver disease in patients with SBS.
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C4FO00529E
Abstract: The human enteric microbiome represents a veritable organ relied upon by the host for a range of metabolic and homeostatic functions.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-12-2014
DOI: 10.3390/MD12125916
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-06-2013
DOI: 10.3390/MD11061878
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for CATHERINE STANTON.