ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1182-8511
Current Organisations
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
,
Charles Sturt University
,
SDU
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2012
Abstract: The Intrauterine Device (IUD) is the least popular method of contraception for family planning in Nepal. In addition, discontinuation in the early days after insertion is very high and information related to factors affecting early discontinuation is very limited. A retrospective study was carried out over a 5-year period to determine the associated factors for early discontinuation of the IUD. Insertion, consultation and removal records of IUD users of Kshetrapati Family Welfare Centre, Kathmandu, were reviewed. Removal within 12 months of insertion is defined as early discontinuation. The study participants were selected randomly. Uni-variate and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse predictors of early discontinuation of IUD. The results showed that one fifth of the 230 women using IUD discontinued within the first year of insertion. Side-effects were the main reason for early discontinuation followed by expulsion. Woman's occupational status, husband's occupational status, husband's educational status, experience of side-effects and follow-up practice were associated with early discontinuation of IUD. Menstrual disorder and abnormal vaginal discharge were also associated with early discontinuation. Risks of IUD discontinuation were found to be very high during the early days of insertion and side-effects were identified as the major cause. So, proper management of side-effects would be very important to reduce early discontinuation of IUD.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2019
Abstract: Unhealthy menstrual practices and the contexts surrounding them should be explored and clearly understood this information could be useful while developing and implementing interventions to increase hygienic practices during menstruation and consequently increase health and well-being of women. Therefore, this study was conducted to explore traditional menstrual practices and the contextual factors surrounding the practices in the rural communities of far-western Nepal. This was a qualitative case study conducted in the Achham district of Nepal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among four women, three men and two female community health volunteers to collect data and thematic analysis was performed to analyze the data. We found two commonly reported menstrual practices: seclusion practice (Chhaupadi) and separation practice. In the Chhaupadi practice, women are secluded to stay in a small shed away from the house and restricted to wash or take a bath in public water sources for 5–7 days of the periods, whereas in the separation practice, women can stay in the house, but they still have several restrictions. The contextual factors that were reported to influence the cultural practices are as follows: cultural beliefs that symbolize menstruation as impure, menstrual stigma, poverty, illiteracy, the influence of traditional healers and family members, and limited effect of Chhaupadi elimination interventions. We also found that some development in the reduction of cultural myths and practices is happening, but the rate of change is rather slow. Most of the Nepalese women, especially in the rural areas of far-western Nepal, are forced to follow the harmful menstrual practices because of the socio-cultural context surrounding their lives. We believe the findings of this study would be relevant in terms of developing and implementing further menstrual health-related, community-based interventions that will be responsive to the local cultural context, beliefs, and practices.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1521/AEAP.2016.28.2.180
Abstract: Information about factors associated with condom use among Nepalese labor migrant couples that are considered being at high risk of HIV infection is not clearly understood. Therefore, we carried out a cross-sectional study to identify the factors associated with condom use among Nepalese labor migrant couples. A total of 266 wives of Nepalese labor migrants were invited for an interview. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze data. We found that almost 39% of the women reported having used a condom while having sex with their husbands. Age was the only husband-related factor independently associated with condom use. School education, knowledge about HIV/AIDS, discussion of HIV with peers and sexual negotiation with the husband were the wife-related factors independently associated with condom use. Our findings highlight a clear need to develop effective HIV prevention interventions targeting illiterate labor migrant couples, with a particular emphasis on increasing women's ability to negotiate condom use.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 06-05-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20086926
Abstract: Little is known about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health status during the lockdown period. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess prevalence of depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety comorbidity, and associated factors during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nepal. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population of Nepal. Data was collected from April 9 to April 16, 2020 using an e-questionnaire which was shared through different popular social media. A total of 349 participants were included. Self-reported depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety tools respectively. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors associated with depression, anxiety and depression and anxiety co-morbidity. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety co-morbidity were found to be 34.0%, 31.0% and 23.2% respectively. The multi-variate analysis showed that females, those living alone, health professionals and those who spent more time in accessing information about COVID-19 were significantly more likely to have depression, anxiety and depression-anxiety co-morbidity. High rates of depression and anxiety and co-morbidity were found to be prevailing among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nepal. The results suggest that only the scientific, but contextually appropriate messages about the disease should be disseminated to reduce unnecessary fears and anxiety. Awareness interventions to promote mental wellbeing need to be integrated into the response interventions. Community mental health care should be made accessible to at-risk groups.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-06-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12877-021-02339-Y
Abstract: Understanding behavioral factors associated with low health literacy (HL) is relevant for health care providers to better support their patients’ health and adherence to preventive treatment. In this study, we aim to study associations between low HL and socio-demographic characteristics, medication-related perceptions and experience, as well as general psychological factors among patients aged 50–80 years. We used a cross-sectional survey design based on a representative group of 6,871 Danish citizens aged 50–80 years returning a web-based questionnaire with socio-demographic data added from a national registry. Chi-square tests were conducted to analyze associations between low HL and daily use of medication and self-rated health. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were conducted for analyzing data from respondents using prescribed medicines daily ( N = 4,091). Respondents with low HL were more often on daily medications (19 % [777/4,091] vs. 16 % [436/2,775] P 0.001) and were more likely to have poorer self-rated health ( P 0.001). Among patients on daily medications, low HL was significantly higher among men and those with lower educational attainment and lower family income. Low HL was independently and positively associated with perceptions that taking prescribed medicines daily is difficult and time-consuming, with forgetting to take prescribed medicines, and with lower satisfaction with life and poor self-assessed health. Our study provides information that patients aged 50–80 years with low HL are challenged on their adherence to treatment plans which is not only related to traditional sociodemographic factors but also on perceptions related to taking medication per se.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-04-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 19-02-2021
DOI: 10.2196/18590
Abstract: The adoption rate of digital health in the health care sector is low in many countries. A facilitating factor for successful implementation and adoption of digital health is acceptance by current and future health care professionals. This study was conducted to identify factors associated with willingness to use digital health tools in patient care among health care professionals and students. This was a quantitative cross-sectional survey study conducted among health care professionals and students at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A nonprobability convenience s ling procedure was used to recruit participants. Data were collected using a self-completed e-questionnaire that was distributed by email. Chi-square tests, t tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. We found that 181 out of 218 health care professionals (83.0% 75.6% [59/78] physicians 87.1% [122/140] nurses) and 115 out of 154 students (74.7% 80.0% [76/95] medical students and 66.1% [39/59] nursing students) were willing to use digital tools in patient care. Willingness to use digital tools was significantly associated with attitude (Adjusted Odds Ratios [AOR] 1.96 95% CI 1.14-3.36) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.64 95% CI 1.17-2.30) among health care professionals, and with current year of study (AOR 2.08 95% CI 1.18-3.68) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.77 95% CI 1.17-2.69) among students. No significant difference in willingness to use digital tools was found between physicians and nurses (P=.113), and between medical and nursing students (P=.079). The findings of this study should encourage policy makers and hospital managers to implement relevant eHealth interventions within routine health care systems in Saudi Arabia. For successful implementation, digital health education programs should be implemented simultaneously, so that current and future health care professionals are able to develop required positive attitudes as well as practical skills and competencies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-09-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10900-016-0251-1
Abstract: Nepalese labor migrants and their wives are considered as at-risk populations for HIV infection. There may be a risk of HIV transmission from the labor migrant and their wives to the general population due to HIV-related risk behaviors, but so far empirical evidence to support this hypothesis is scarce. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare HIV-related risk behaviors between labor migrants, their wives, and males and females from the general population in the far-western region of Nepal. This was a cross-sectional study, in which structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 261 male labor migrants, 262 wives of labor migrants, 123 males and 122 females from the general population. We found that the proportion of the labor migrants and their wives reporting having had extramarital sex in the previous year did not differ significantly with the males (11.9 vs. 13.4 %, p value 0.752) and females (2.0 vs. 1.7 %, p value 0.127) from the general population. However, the labor migrants compared with the males from the general population were 1.51 times and the wives of labor migrants compared with the females from the general population were 2.37 times more likely to have been tested for HIV. Both the males from the general population and the labor migrants are equally engaged in unprotected extramarital sex. Therefore, it is recommended that the prevention programs, including access to condoms and HIV testing, should be scaled up targeting a broader range of in iduals in the far-western region of Nepal.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/20503121211066381
Abstract: In Nepal, a few governmental and community-based programmes for elderly care are in place however, information about successful implementation and overall effectiveness of these programmes is not well understood. In this article, we introduced these programmes and discussed existing programmes’ gaps and implementation problems in light of existing grey and peer-reviewed evidence. A few notable governmental programmes, such as providing monthly allowances, pensions and free health care, have targeted specifically the elderly in iduals. Yet, most health care institutions and providers are privately owned and profit-oriented, and there is a general lack of proper governmental health as well as social security systems for the elderly in the country. Generally, Nepalese communities consist of neighbourhood-based and religious-based groups that provide emotional and spiritual support to elderly in iduals as well as provide support for health care access when needed. However, the influence that these groups can have on health and social well-being of elderly remains not well understood. Traditional family-based support systems may be feasible only for some families, while for others it could impose financial and psychological burdens. The role of the state is important in the effective implementation of existing programmes as well as in the development and implementation of additional programmes to ensure health and social well-being of elderly in iduals. Furthermore, there is a need to establish partnerships with existing community structures and to mobilize them in the implementation of community-based programmes.
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-02-2021
DOI: 10.1108/IJMPB-05-2020-0154
Abstract: A vast proportion of global megaprojects have not performed up to the expectations of their stakeholders. A failed megaproject has the potential even to derail the economy of a country where it was implemented. Stakeholders must, therefore, ensure that they do not invest in megaprojects that are bound to fail. But, how can stakeholders consistently identify such megaprojects? This paper develops a framework for a metric that can help stakeholders measure the readiness of a megaproject. A comprehensive literature review identified 19 critical success factors of megaprojects. These success factors were integrated into a fuzzy-based model to develop the megaproject readiness metric. An assessment team studied the levels of presence and importance of these success factors in a candidate megaproject to derive its readiness. The readiness-based model provides stakeholders valuable insights into the strong and weak areas of a megaproject. It can help stakeholders prioritize and systematically eliminate the identified weaknesses and improve megaproject readiness. While the model was tested on a metro rail megaproject, it can be used on any megaproject across domains. This paper adopts the concept of readiness for the domain of megaprojects. Besides the readiness measurement framework, a vital contribution of this research is its application to a real-life case. Future research can include more granular success factors to improve the estimate of megaproject readiness.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 24-02-2014
Publisher: Nepal Journals Online (JOL)
Date: 05-02-2014
Abstract: Aims: This study aimed to identify the determinants of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUCD) use among the married women of reproductive age group living in urban areas of Nepal. Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study which aimed to compare different factors between 110 IUCD users and 110 non-users. Both groups were selected randomlyand interviewed by using semi-structured questionnaire. Chi-square test was used to detect the difference between two groups and corresponding odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were also computed. Results: When the IUCD users were compared to non-users, religion, occupational status of women, occupational status of the husbands, total number of children, sources of information about IUCD, having wrong beliefs about IUCD, availability of IUCD services, reproductive intention and spousal communication were significantly associated with the use of IUCD.The main reason for using IUCD was due to the effectiveness for longer duration and for not using IUCD was due to the feeling of no need. Conclusions: Wrong beliefs about the device discouraged women from using IUCD, hence, awareness programs are strongly recommended.Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 8 / No. 2 / Issue 16 / July-Dec, 2013 / 16-20 DOI: 0.3126/njog.v8i2.9760
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2018-025475
Abstract: There seems to be little information on interactional patterns of enabling and constraining factors contributing to HIV care engagement across systems and across time. Understanding these patterns from a (micro–meso–macro–exo) systems perspective can provide rich insights on relevant social networks affecting transgender populations. In this review, we will synthesise the wealth of literature on transgender persons’ engagement in the HIV care continuum. We will perform a networked systems approach to qualitative evidence synthesis of relevant qualitative research data generated from primary qualitative, mixed-method and evaluation studies exploring HIV care engagement among erse transgender populations. Studies not using qualitative methods and studies not published in English will be excluded from this review. Empirical studies will be identified via a search in major databases such as PubMed, Scopus, ERIC, Embase, Web of Science, Sociological Abstracts, PsychInfo and Social Services Abstract in January 2019. Two reviewers will independently screen the studies for inclusion, assess their quality and extract data. In case some of the system levels in the network are ill-covered by empirical studies, non-empirical studies will be considered for inclusion. The qualitative evidence synthesis includes a summary of descriptive data (first order), an exploration of relationships between system levels or their components (second order) and a structured summary of research evidence through narrative synthesis. The narrative synthesis will be extended with an overall social network analysis that visualises important nodes and links cutting across ecological systems. Ethical approval is not required to conduct this review. Review findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed academic journals and a targeted information c aign towards organisations that work with our population of interest. CRD42018089956.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-10-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JOG.12168
Abstract: This study was carried out in order to identify the determinants of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) among the women of the western part of Nepal. This was a matched case-control study. Cases were defined as women diagnosed with third and fourth degree POP, and the control group consisted of women who were screened and confirmed of not having any degree of POP. Cases (n = 183) and controls (n = 183) were randomly selected and for each case, one control was selected, matched by age and place of residence. A semistructured interview was carried out to obtain the information for both groups. Bivariate analysis along with conditional logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the association between selected variables with POP. The results showed the significant association between number of vaginal deliveries, tear of vagina in the last childbirth, sphincter damage in the last childbirth and duration of labor in the last childbirth with POP, after adjusting for educational status of the women, carrying heavy loads, type of usual work and incidence of diarrhea. The results suggest that prolonged labor along with vaginal delivery having sphincter and vaginal tear are the determinants of POP and program managers should strongly consider these factors to develop interventions targeting the prevention of POP.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1093/EURPUB/CKAC130.035
Abstract: Accessing HIV testing services is a challenge for transgender women and men who have sex with men (MSM) in sub-Saharan Africa. Only a little about this issue has been understood and discussed. No systematic review exists that discusses barriers to HIV testing among transgender women and MSM on the regional level. We systematically searched databases namely MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Google Scholar to identify qualitative studies that reported decision-making and/or experiences with HIV testing uptake among transgender women or MSM and that were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa between January 2005 and March 2020. Two independent authors performed the selection, extraction, and thematic analysis of data. Twelve out of 794 studies were found eligible and included for synthesis. The synthesis led to the development of a framework illustrating multi-level, inter-related barriers to HIV testing. Couple-based HIV testing policies, criminalizing same-sex behaviors, and (health) governance being influenced by traditional religious (Islamic or Christianity) belief systems were the barriers at the regional level. Discriminatory practices in the communities and health institutions were the community-specific barriers. Interpersonal barriers included interactions with healthcare providers leading to forced disclosure and/or discrimination, and in idual level barriers included fears and depressive thoughts, and poor healthcare access. We identified policies and practices at the regional and country levels that hindered HIV testing practices among transgender women and MSM, which should be reconsidered while providing HIV prevention services to people of gender-minority backgrounds. We also think that countries from the global west do have a responsibility to question the sovereignty of some African countries for their inability to provide optimal health care to gender minority populations.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JANA.2017.04.004
Abstract: A scoping review of grey and peer-reviewed literature was conducted to develop a conceptual framework to illustrate mechanisms involved in reducing HIV stigma and increasing HIV test uptake. We followed a three-step approach to exploring the literature: developing concepts, organizing and categorizing concepts, and synthesizing concepts into a framework. The framework contains four types of intervention strategies: awareness creation, influencing normative behavior, providing support, and developing regulatory laws. The awareness creation strategy generally improves knowledge and the influencing normative behavior strategy changes stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors, and subsequently, increases HIV test uptake. Providing support and development of regulatory law strategies changes actual stigmatizing behaviors of the people, and subsequently, increases HIV test uptake. The framework further outlines that the mechanisms described are influenced by the interaction of various social-contextual and in idual factors. The framework sheds new light on the effects of HIV stigma-reduction intervention strategies and HIV test uptake.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2018
Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
Date: 07-2013
Abstract: During the last decade, we have witnessed a substantial change in content delivery networks (CDNs) and user access paradigms. If previously, users consumed content from a central server through their personal computers, nowadays they can reach a wide variety of repositories from virtually everywhere using mobile devices. This results in a considerable time-, location-, and event-based volatility of content popularity. In such a context, it is imperative for CDNs to put in place adaptive content management strategies, thus, improving the quality of services provided to users and decreasing the costs. In this paper, we introduce predictive content distribution strategies inspired by methods developed in the Recommender Systems area. Specifically, we outline different content placement strategies based on the observed user consumption patterns, and advocate their applicability in the state of the art CDNs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12905-021-01231-6
Abstract: During their menstrual period, women are generally considered impure in Nepal in the rural areas of the western part of the country, they are even banished to stay in sheds (called chhaupadi) during this time, which increases their vulnerability to a variety of health consequences. There is lack of clarity regarding the effectiveness of interventions that have been implemented to address menstrual taboo and improve menstrual hygiene and practices in Nepal (e.g., public awareness, community sensitization and legislation). In this paper, we discuss why menstruation management interventions, particularly those implemented to change the menstrual taboo might not work, and the opinions and experiences regarding the implementation of such interventions. Anecdotal reports from the field and empirical studies suggest that interventions to address menstrual taboos have only been effective for short durations of time due to several reasons. First, local community stakeholders have been reluctant to take actions to abandon retrogressive menstrual practices in rural areas. Second, women who have stopped practising chhaupadi have faced stigma (e.g., fear of exclusion) and discrimination (e.g., blaming, physical and verbal abuse). Third, contextual factors, such as poverty and illiteracy, limit the effectiveness of such interventions. Fourth, community sensitization activities against chhaupadi have faced resistance from community leaders and traditional healers. Fifth, the law prohibiting chhaupadi has also faced implementation problems, including poor filing of complaints. Multilevel, multisectoral interventions could be more effective than single-component interventions in breaking the prevailing menstrual taboo and in improving menstrual health and hygiene practices among young girls and women in the rural areas of Nepal. Moreover, interventions that have an active community mobilization component could be effective within local contexts and cultural groups.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-05-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12905-022-01780-4
Abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) adversely affects women’s reproductive health outcomes but to what extent women’s justification of IPV affects maternal health care service utilization is unexplored. The secondary cross-sectional datasets from multiple indicator cluster surveys of Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal and Pakistan conducted between 2010 and 2015 were used. We used a generalized linear mixed model with random effects, at both cluster- and country-level, to determine the odds ratio of maternal health service utilization at the regional level and a multivariable logistic regression model adjusting for complex survey design at the country level. Interaction between women’s justification of IPV and residential location, and linear trend in the utilization of maternal health care services associated with increasing levels of women's justification of IPV, were examined using the Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT). A total of 26,029 women aged 15–49 years, living with their partners and had a pregnancy outcome 2 years prior to the survey were included. Women justifying IPV were less likely to utilize contraceptive methods (aOR) = 0.86, 95% CI 0.84, 0.88), at-least one Antenatal Care (ANC) visit (aOR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.72, 0.88), four or more ANC services (aOR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.76, 0.86), institutional delivery (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.80, 0.94) and Post-natal Care (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.62, 0.95) services. A decreasing linear trend was observed for four or more ANC visits (LRT P = 0.96) and institutional delivery (LRT P = 0.80) with increasing levels of IPV justification. Women justifying IPV were less likely to have at least one ANC visit in urban (aOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.60, 0.75) compared to rural areas (aOR 0.83, 95% CI 0.73, 0.94). Women’s justification of IPV was associated with decreased odds of utilizing a wide range of maternal health care services at the regional level. Although further research that may help establish a causal link is important before formulating public health interventions, our study indicates interventions targeting women’s condoning attitude toward IPV, delivered sooner rather than later, could potentially help to improve women’s utilization of essential maternal health care services in the South Asian region that comprises Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2020
Abstract: In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), no studies have been documented to analyze the equity aspects of public health policies. The aims of the study were to identify policy documents in the KSA relevant to public health and to explore whether these include an equity approach. Twenty health-related documents were identified from various ministries’ websites and analyzed through directed content analysis. The results showed that the term “equity” was neither defined nor explained in the documents and suggestions on how to tackle health inequities were lacking. None of the suggested measures communicated an explicit focus on promoting health equity or the social gradient. Several upstream, midstream, and downstream measures were suggested to improve justice and public health for the people. The study reveals that there is a need for an in-depth assessment of the policy measures across sectors and their influence on health equity to inform future health policy development and action in the KSA.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2019-031727
Abstract: The timely identification of breast cancer-related pathogenic variants can help to identify the risk of potential disease development and determine healthcare choices. However, the uptake rate of genetic testing services for breast cancer risk remains low in many countries. Interventions targeting the uptake of these services among in iduals potentially at risk for inherited breast cancer are often complex and have multiple components, and are therefore difficult to implement, replicate and disseminate to new contexts. Our aim is to systematically review studies targeting the uptake of genetic testing services for breast cancer risk and critically assess the quality of implementation outcomes and the reporting of intervention descriptions. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane Library and all C bell Coordinating Group databases will be searched for intervention studies that target in iduals' participation in breast cancer genetic testing programmes. Papers published in English within the time period from January 2005 until October 2019 will be considered for inclusion. Titles, abstracts and full papers will be screened for eligibility by two pairs of reviewers independently. For data analysis and synthesis, study-level and intervention-level characteristics will be abstracted. We will present all implementation outcomes that are mentioned in each of the studies and register the number of studies that do not at all look at or report implementation outcomes. The quality of implementation will be checked using a 5-point rubric item, and the quality and completeness of reporting of intervention description will be evaluated using the 12-item Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR). Ethical approval is not required to conduct this review. Review findings will be disseminated to academic and non-specialist audiences via peer-reviewed academic journals and presented at appropriate conferences, workshops and meetings to policymakers, practitioners and organisations that work with our population of interest. CRD42018105732.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 12-10-2013
Publisher: Scitechnol Biosoft Pvt. Ltd.
Date: 2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1093/EURPUB/CKAC131.500
Abstract: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most frequent hormonal/endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and is one of the most common causes of infertility. Approximately 20% of Danish women of reproductive age are diagnosed with PCOS, and yet only a little attention has been paid to the psychological symptoms appearing in women with PCOS. The present study investigated anxiety, depression, and lower quality of life among Danish women of reproductive age who are diagnosed with PCOS. This was a cross-sectional survey study among 326 Danish women who self-reported as being diagnosed with PCOS. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure anxiety and depression, and the PCOS-QOL scale was used to measure the quality of life. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were used for analyzing data. Sixty-six percent of women were found to have anxiety (n = 216), 41% of women had depression and 70% of women had low quality of life The most frequently reported symptoms were irregular menstrual cycle (86%), overweight (73%), and mood swings (65%), and irregular menstrual cycle, overweight and infertility were the were perceived of having higher severity. After adjusting for age, ethnicity, education, and income, the severity of symptoms, namely irregular menstrual cycle, infertility, overweight, and hirsutism, were independently and positively associated with depression, and severity of symptoms, namely irregular menstrual cycle, mood swings, and hirsutism, was independently and positively associated with anxiety. Lower quality of life was independently associated with both anxiety and depression. Women with PCOS are at higher risk of anxiety, depression, and consequently, lower quality of life. Clinicians and other healthcare professionals should pay attention to the importance of mental health support in women with PCOS and work towards promoting it. • Women with PCOS are at higher risk of anxiety and depression, and lower quality of life. • Health care professionals working with women with PCOS should be aware of this and be prepared to offer necessary support.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 06-03-2020
Abstract: he adoption rate of digital health in the health care sector is low in many countries. A facilitating factor for successful implementation and adoption of digital health is acceptance by current and future health care professionals. his study was conducted to identify factors associated with willingness to use digital health tools in patient care among health care professionals and students. his was a quantitative cross-sectional survey study conducted among health care professionals and students at a university hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A nonprobability convenience s ling procedure was used to recruit participants. Data were collected using a self-completed e-questionnaire that was distributed by email. Chi-square tests, i t /i tests, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. e found that 181 out of 218 health care professionals (83.0% 75.6% [59/78] physicians 87.1% [122/140] nurses) and 115 out of 154 students (74.7% 80.0% [76/95] medical students and 66.1% [39/59] nursing students) were willing to use digital tools in patient care. Willingness to use digital tools was significantly associated with attitude (Adjusted Odds Ratios [AOR] 1.96 95% CI 1.14-3.36) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.64 95% CI 1.17-2.30) among health care professionals, and with current year of study (AOR 2.08 95% CI 1.18-3.68) and self-efficacy (AOR 1.77 95% CI 1.17-2.69) among students. No significant difference in willingness to use digital tools was found between physicians and nurses ( i P /i =.113), and between medical and nursing students ( i P /i =.079). he findings of this study should encourage policy makers and hospital managers to implement relevant eHealth interventions within routine health care systems in Saudi Arabia. For successful implementation, digital health education programs should be implemented simultaneously, so that current and future health care professionals are able to develop required positive attitudes as well as practical skills and competencies.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 27-01-2014
Abstract: Summary Labour migration has increased the risk of HIV infection among the wives of labour migrants in Nepal. We conducted a matched case-control study to identify the social and behavioural factors for HIV infection among the wives of labour migrants in Nepal. We interviewed 112 wives of labour migrants diagnosed with HIV (cases) and 112 wives of labour migrants testing negative for HIV (controls) and used logistic regression analysis to assess independent factors associated with HIV infection. Literacy status was the only one woman-related social factor associated with HIV infection. Meanwhile literacy status, age when going abroad for the first time and country of migration were the husband-related social factors and alcohol consumption, living alone abroad and having an unpaid partner abroad were the husband-related behavioural factors associated with HIV infection in the wives. Given the husband-related social and behavioural factors are mostly determining the risk of HIV infection in the wives in our study, prevention efforts must incorporate behaviour change approaches targeting specifically to labour migrants and also to their wives.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 10-05-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-03-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12877-023-03951-W
Abstract: It is not clearly known how well Danes estimate their chances of reaching the average life expectancy and whether identifiable population subgroups misestimate their life expectancy, and potentially also investments and savings in health and pensions. Therefore, in this study, we examined on the in idual level whether subjective life expectancy is in line with the statistically calculated chance of reaching age 85, and further explored the psychological and behavioral factors associated with under or overestimation. We opted for a cross-sectional survey design based on a s le of 5,379 Danish citizens aged 50–70 years, returning a web-based questionnaire with socio-demographic data supplemented from a national registry. Average participant estimates of their chance of reaching age 85 for each age range and sex group were compared with actuarial data. We then performed multiple linear regression analyses to examine factors associated with the subjective expectancy of reaching age 85 years. We found that 32% of females and 23% of males reported 100% certainty of reaching age 85, and average expected survival chance exceeded the statistically predicted survival chance for 23% of males and 16% for females in age-ranges 50–60 and 61–70. Our multivariable analysis found that health literacy, internal health locus of control, willingness to take health risks, self-rated health, and health and life satisfaction all showed a significant positive association with expectation of reaching age 85. Moreover, those on daily medications, ex- or current smokers, and heavy drinkers were significantly less optimistic about reaching age 85. Particularly for the population groups with inaccurate life expectancies, the significant associations with psychological and behavioral factors open a way for initiatives based on behavior change theories to reach a better agreement between subjective and statistical life expectancy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2021.106867
Abstract: The prolongation of disease-free life (PODL) required by people to be willing to accept an offer of a preventive treatment is unknown. Quantifying the required benefits could guide information and discussions about preventive treatment. In this study, we investigated how large the benefit in prolongation of a disease-free life (PODL) should be for in iduals aged 50-80 years to accept a preventive treatment offer. We used a cross-sectional survey design based on a representative s le of 6847 Danish citizens aged 50-80 years. Data were collected in 2019 through a web-based standardized questionnaire administered by Statistics Denmark, and socio-demographic data were added from a national registry. We analyzed the data with chi-square tests and stepwise multinomial logistic regression. The results indicate that the required minimum benefit from the preventive treatment varied widely between in iduals (1-week PODL = 14.8%, ≥4 years PODL = 39.2%), and that the majority of in iduals (51.1%) required a PODL of ≥2 years. The multivariable analysis indicate that education and income were independently and negatively associated with requested minimum benefit, while age and smoking were independently and positively associated with requested minimum benefit to accept the preventive treatment. Most in iduals aged 50-80 years required larger health benefits than most preventive medications on average can offer. The data support the need for educating patients and health care professionals on how to use average benefits when discussing treatment benefits, especially for primary prevention.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-09-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2020
Abstract: Women might be at increased risk of HIV infection after a disaster situation due to several interlinked environmental and social factors, such as increased sex trafficking and prostitution, in resource-limited settings. However, this information has not been clearly understood. Based on the review of available gray and peer-reviewed evidence, the present debate paper summarizes potential factors for increasing women’s HIV risk during/after two earthquakes that hit Nepal in 2015. Poverty and socio-economic crisis, displacement and reduced social capital, increased rate of sex trafficking and prostitution, and poor access to health care seem to be the factors to increase women’s HIV risk in the earthquake-affected areas of Nepal. There is a lack of essential empirical evidence on environmental and social factors (e.g. increased sex trafficking and prostitution) that are linked with women’s HIV risk in the post-disaster phase. Therefore, the factors and interactions discussed should be further studied potentially in disaster-affected areas so that locally and culturally salient and sustainable relief and reconstruction strategies, which include strategies for preventing HIV risk in post-disaster situations, can be developed.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/MCN.13044
Abstract: In Nepal, the prevalence of anaemia decreased by 1% from 2006 to 2011 but increased by 6% from 2011 to 2016. In this study, we examined the changes in prevalence by possible factors from 2006 to 2016 along with the factors associated with anaemia among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) using the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data from years 2006, 2011 and 2016. We used rate of change analysis to explore average annual rate of change (AARC) in anaemia prevalence and concentration curves and indices to assess unequal distribution of anaemia prevalence among socio‐economic quintiles. Multilevel regression was performed to examine the association of multilevel factors with anaemia. Our results showed higher AARC increase in anaemia prevalence from 2006 to 2016, among women aged 30–39 years, with secondary or higher education, who had two or fewer children, not working women, from higher wealth quintiles and who were overweight or obese. Shifting of concentration curve from ‘above the line of equality’ in 2006 and 2011 to ‘under the line of equality’ in 2016 was observed. Women aged 20–29 years, with more than four children, who underwent female sterilization, had experienced violence and from Provinces 1, 2 and 5 were at higher risk of anaemia. Overweight and obese women using hormonal contraception and from lowest wealth quintiles were at lower risk. The change in trends and the associated multilevel factors identified should be considered in designing multilevel interventions that particularly target women at risk for sustainable anaemia reduction.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-09-2015
Abstract: Information related to contraception discontinuation, especially in the context of Nepal is very limited. A nested case-control study was carried out to determine the factors affecting discontinuation of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs). A total of 115 cases (IUCD discontinuers) and 115 controls (IUCD continuers) were randomly selected based on the data obtained from the user’s record of a family planning center in Kathmandu. Matching criteria were age during insertion and date of insertion of IUCD. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data. When cases were compared with controls, the results showed that place of residence, sex of last child, reproductive intention, experience of side effects, and follow-up practice were associated with discontinuation of the IUCD. Experience of side effects has been seen as the major reason for discontinuation. The results suggest that side effects after IUCD insertion should be properly discussed and promptly treated to reduce the discontinuation rate.
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-12-2016
DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2015.1118726
Abstract: HIV risk is determined by the interaction between social and in idual risk factors, but information about such factors among Nepalese women is not yet understood. Therefore, to assess the risk factors and vulnerability of the wives of Nepalese labor migrants to HIV infection, the authors conducted a mixed-methods study in which a descriptive qualitative study was embedded within a case-control study. Two hundred twenty-four wives of labor migrants were interviewed in the case-control study, and two focus group discussions (n = 8 and 9) were conducted in the qualitative study. The authors found that illiteracy, low socio-economic status, and gender inequality contributed to poor knowledge and poor sexual negotiation among the wives of labor migrants and increased their risk of HIV through unprotected sex. Among male labor migrants, illiteracy, low socio-economic status, migration to India before marriage, and alcohol consumption contributed to liaisons with female sex workers, increasing the risk of HIV to the men and their wives through unprotected sex. Both labor migrants and their wives feared disclosure of positive HIV status due to HIV stigma and thus were less likely to be tested for HIV. HIV prevention programs should consider the interaction among these risk factors when targeting labor migrants and their wives.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-07-2019
Abstract: Objective Traffic police are at-risk of various health problems due to an exposure to air pollution and high traffic and traffic roads in some Nepalese cities are very congested. There is very little information about health problems of Nepalese traffic police. Therefore, a cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire study among 252 traffic police was conducted to identify the common health problems and factors associated with different levels of general anxiety among traffic police working in two major cities of Nepal. Results Around 55% of traffic police had ear ringing problem, 57% had burning eyes, 64% had back pain, and 67% had breathing difficulties in the previous three months. Around 33% had moderate anxiety and 23% had persistent and severe anxiety. The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that job dissatisfaction, ear ringing and eye irritation in the previous three months and having physical symptoms, namely eye irritation, ear ringing and back pain in last three months, were significantly associated with moderate anxiety. Further, age (25-30 years), gender (female), job dissatisfaction, and reporting ear ringing symptoms in the previous three months were significantly associated with severe anxiety.
No related grants have been discovered for Subash Thapa.