ORCID Profile
0000-0001-9669-8244
Current Organisations
University of Minnesota
,
University of South Florida
,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
,
Nottingham Trent University - Clifton Campus
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Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-12-2014
DOI: 10.2166/WH.2014.215
Abstract: In this study, we determined the frequency of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Upper Mississippi River using a high-throughput, functional, metagenomic screening procedure. Fosmid libraries containing ∼10,000 clones were screened for resistance to icillin, cephalothin, kanamycin, and tetracycline. We hypothesized that nutrient concentrations, land cover type, and taxonomic community composition may select for ARGs. Resistance to icillin, cephalothin, and kanamycin was low (& .00%), and no resistance to tetracycline was detected. Ammonium and total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations were correlated with kanamycin and cephalothin resistances (r = 0.617 and −0.449, P = 0.002 and 0.036, respectively). Cephalothin resistance was also positively correlated with the percentage of forested land cover (r = 0.444, P = 0.039). Only the candidate ision OD1, among 35 phyla identified, was correlated with icillin resistance (r = 0.456, P = 0.033), suggesting that minority members of the community may be responsible for dissemination of ARGs in this ecosystem. Results of this study suggest that ammonium and TDS may be involved in a complex selection process for ARGs. Furthermore, we suggest that minority species, potentially contributed in low numbers from sediment and biofilm reservoirs, may be the primary carriers of ARGs in this riverine system.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-09-2020
DOI: 10.3390/S20174967
Abstract: COVID-19 has shown a relatively low case fatality rate in young healthy in iduals, with the majority of this group being asymptomatic or having mild symptoms. However, the severity of the disease among the elderly as well as in in iduals with underlying health conditions has caused significant mortality rates worldwide. Understanding this variance amongst different sectors of society and modelling this will enable the different levels of risk to be determined to enable strategies to be applied to different groups. Long-established compartmental epidemiological models like SIR and SEIR do not account for the variability encountered in the severity of the SARS-CoV-2 disease across different population groups. The objective of this study is to investigate how a reduction in the exposure of vulnerable in iduals to COVID-19 can minimise the number of deaths caused by the disease, using the UK as a case study. To overcome the limitation of long-established compartmental epidemiological models, it is proposed that a modified model, namely SEIR-v, through which the population is separated into two groups regarding their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 is applied. This enables the analysis of the spread of the epidemic when different contention measures are applied to different groups in society regarding their vulnerability to the disease. A Monte Carlo simulation (100,000 runs) along the proposed SEIR-v model is used to study the number of deaths which could be avoided as a function of the decrease in the exposure of vulnerable in iduals to the disease. The results indicate a large number of deaths could be avoided by a slight realistic decrease in the exposure of vulnerable groups to the disease. The mean values across the simulations indicate 3681 and 7460 lives could be saved when such exposure is reduced by 10% and 20% respectively. From the encouraging results of the modelling a number of mechanisms are proposed to limit the exposure of vulnerable in iduals to the disease. One option could be the provision of a wristband to vulnerable people and those without a smartphone and contact-tracing app, filling the gap created by systems relying on smartphone apps only. By combining very dense contact tracing data from smartphone apps and wristband signals with information about infection status and symptoms, vulnerable people can be protected and kept safer.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.10.090
Abstract: Overall, 26% of Australian households use rainwater tanks as a source of potable and nonpotable water. Limited information is available on the total bacterial communities in tank water. Therefore, identification of dominant bacterial communities, ersity, and their distribution is important in understanding the microbial quality of tank water. In this study, the abundance and ersity of bacterial communities in 88 tank water s les collected from the urban areas of Brisbane (n=44) and the peri-urban center of Currumbin (n=44) in Southeast Queensland, Australia were determined using licon-based Illumina next-generation sequencing. In addition, the SourceTracker program was used to identify the sources of fecal contamination in tank water s les. Sequence reads were also analyzed to detect potential bacterial pathogenic genera in the tank water s les collected. Differences in s le coverage, alpha ersity, and richness did not differ significantly between the Brisbane and Currumbin tank water s les. Comamonadaceae and Planctomycetaceae were the most abundant families in all tank water s les. Curvibacter was the most abundant genus in all tank water s les. SourceTracker revealed that around 34% (Brisbane) and 43% (Currumbin) of tank water s les had a signature for bird fecal contamination. The potential opportunistic pathogenic genera including Burkholderia, Chromobacterium, Clostridium, Legionella, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, and Pseudomonas were most prevalent in tank water s les. Next-generation sequencing can be used as an initial screening tool to identify a wide array of potential pathogenic genera in tank water s les followed by quantifying specific pathogen(s) of interest using more sensitive molecular assays such as quantitative PCR (qPCR).
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.03.106
Abstract: Anthropogenic effects of urban density have altered natural ecosystems. Such changes include eutrophication of freshwater and adjoining coastal habitats, and increased levels of inorganic nutrients and pollutants into waterways. In Australia, these changes are intensified by large-scale ocean-atmospheric events, leading to considerable abiotic stress on the natural flora and fauna. Bacterial communities in marine sediments from Moreton Bay (South East Queensland, Australia) were examined in order to assess the impact of rainfall changes, chemical pollution, and subsequent abiotic stress on living organisms within a marine ecosystem. Sediments were collected during the wet and dry seasons and analyzed using bacterial metagenomics and community metabolomics techniques. Physicochemical data were also analyzed to account for biological variance that may be due to non-rainfall-based abiotic stresses. Wet-dry seasonality was the dominant control on bacterial community structure and metabolic function. Changes in the availability of nutrients, organic matter and light appeared to be the major seasonal stressors. In contrast, urban and industrial pollutants appeared to be minor stressors at the sites s led. During the wet season, the bacterial community composition reflected organisms that utilize biogeochemical pathways with fast kinetics, such as aerobic metabolism, direct assimilation of inorganic compounds, and primary production. The transition to the dry season saw the bacterial community composition shift towards organisms that utilize more complex organic energy sources, such as carbohydrates and fatty acids, and anaerobic redox processes.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-03-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2023
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 11-2022
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-11-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00253-016-7959-9
Abstract: In this study, we investigated the use of Illumina high-throughput sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) licons to explore microbial ersity and community structure in raw and secondary treated wastewater (WW) s les from four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs A-D) across Australia. Sequence reads were analyzed to determine the abundance and ersity of bacterial communities in raw and secondary treated WW s les across the four WWTPs. In addition, sequence reads were also characterized to phenotypic features and to estimate the abundance of potential pathogenic bacterial genera and antibiotic-resistant genes in total bacterial communities. The mean coverage, Shannon ersity index, observed richness (S
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 15-10-2015
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02032-15
Abstract: In this study, host-associated molecular markers and bacterial 16S rRNA gene community analysis using high-throughput sequencing were used to identify the sources of fecal pollution in environmental waters in Brisbane, Australia. A total of 92 fecal and composite wastewater s les were collected from different host groups (cat, cattle, dog, horse, human, and kangaroo), and 18 water s les were collected from six sites (BR1 to BR6) along the Brisbane River in Queensland, Australia. Bacterial communities in the fecal, wastewater, and river water s les were sequenced. Water s les were also tested for the presence of bird-associated (GFD), cattle-associated (CowM3), horse-associated, and human-associated (HF183) molecular markers, to provide multiple lines of evidence regarding the possible presence of fecal pollution associated with specific hosts. Among the 18 water s les tested, 83%, 33%, 17%, and 17% were real-time PCR positive for the GFD, HF183, CowM3, and horse markers, respectively. Among the potential sources of fecal pollution in water s les from the river, DNA sequencing tended to show relatively small contributions from wastewater treatment plants (up to 13% of sequence reads). Contributions from other animal sources were rarely detected and were very small ( % of sequence reads). Source contributions determined via sequence analysis versus detection of molecular markers showed variable agreement. A lack of relationships among fecal indicator bacteria, host-associated molecular markers, and 16S rRNA gene community analysis data was also observed. Nonetheless, we show that bacterial community and host-associated molecular marker analyses can be combined to identify potential sources of fecal pollution in an urban river. This study is a proof of concept, and based on the results, we recommend using bacterial community analysis (where possible) along with PCR detection or quantification of host-associated molecular markers to provide information on the sources of fecal pollution in waterways.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.07.184
Abstract: The impact of anthropogenic factors arising from point and non-point pollution sources at a multi commodity marine port and its surrounding ecosystems were studied using sediment s les collected from a number of onshore (Gladstone Harbour and Facing Island) and offshore (Heron Island and Fitzroy Reefs) sites in Australia's Central Queensland. Sediment s les were analyzed for trace metals, organic carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), emerging chemicals of concern (ECC) and sterols. Similarly, the biological and biochemical interaction between the reef and its environment was analyzed by the multi-omic tools of next-generation sequencing characterization of the bacterial community and microbial community metabolic profiling. Overall, the trace elements were observed at the lower end of the Australian environmental guideline values at the offshore sites, while higher values were observed for the onshore locations Nickel and copper were observed above the high trigger value threshold at the onshore sites. The levels of PAH were below limits of detection across all sites. However, some of the ECC and sterols were observed at higher concentrations at both onshore and offshore locations, notably, the cholesterol family sterols and 17α-ethynylestradiol. Multi-omic analyses also indicated possible thermal and photo irradiation stressors on the bacterial communities at all the tested sites. The observed populations of γ-proteobacteria were found in combination with an increased pool of fatty acids that indicate fatty acid synthesis and utilisation of the intermediates of the shikimate pathways. This study demonstrates the value of applying a multi-omics approach for ecological assessments, in which a more detailed assessment of physical and chemical contaminants and their impact on the community bacterial biome is obtained.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2019
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for omprakash kaiwartya.