ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2056-1692
Current Organisation
University of Western Australia
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Crop and Pasture Nutrition | Wastewater Treatment Processes | Soil Sciences | Catalysis and Mechanisms of Reactions | Environmental Science and Management | Environmental Technologies | Crop and Pasture Production | Environmental Technologies | Synchrotrons; Accelerators; Instruments and Techniques | Chemical Engineering | Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy not elsewhere classified | Environmental Impact Assessment | Environmental Management And Rehabilitation | Nanomaterials | Mineral Processing/Beneficiation | Resources Engineering and Extractive Metallurgy | Pyrometallurgy | Environmental Management | Carbon Sequestration Science |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Environmental Management Systems | Climate Change Mitigation Strategies | Management of Solid Waste from Mineral Resource Activities | Soils not elsewhere classified | Chemical Fertilisers | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Land and Water Management of environments not elsewhere classified | Farmland, Arable Cropland and Permanent Cropland Soils | Physical and Chemical Conditions of Water in Fresh, Ground and Surface Water Environments (excl. Urban and Industrial Use) | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Environmental education and awareness | Environmental health | Mining and Extraction of Stone and Clay
Related Links
Publications
Leaching losses of major nutrients from a mole-drained soil under pasture
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1991
Microplastics: a review of their impacts on different life forms and their removal methods
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2023
Heavy metal toxicity to bacteria - Are the existing growth media accurate enough to determine heavy metal toxicity?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2012.09.036
Abstract: A new minimal medium was formulated considering the limitations of the existing media for testing heavy metal sensitivity to bacteria. Toxicity of cadmium and copper to three bacteria was investigated in the new medium and compared with three other media commonly used to study the effect of the toxic metals. Based on speciation data arrived at using ion-selective electrodes, the available free-metal concentration in solution was highest in the MES-buffered medium. This finding was strongly supported by the estimated EC(50) values for the metals tested based on the toxicity bioassays. The free-ionic cadmium and copper concentrations in the medium provide more accurate determination of metal concentrations that affects the bacteria, than with most of other existing media. This will avoid doubts on other media and misleading conclusions relevant to the toxicity of heavy metals to bacteria and provides a better option for the study of metal-bacteria interactions.
Effects of microorganism-mediated inoculants on humification processes and phosphorus dynamics during the aerobic composting of swine manure
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Evaluation of hydroxyapatite derived from flue gas desulphurization gypsum on simultaneous immobilization of lead and cadmium in contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Pyrogenic carbon in Australian soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.02.064
Abstract: Pyrogenic carbon (PyC), the combustion residues of fossil fuel and biomass, is a versatile soil fraction active in biogeochemical processes. In this study, the chemo-thermal oxidation method (CTO-375) was applied to investigate the content and distribution of PyC in 30 Australian agricultural, pastoral, bushland and parkland soil with various soil types. Soils were s led incrementally to 50cm in 6 locations and at another 7 locations at 0-10cm. Results showed that PyC in Australian soils typically ranged from 0.27-5.62mg/g, with three Dermosol soils ranging within 2.58-5.62mg/g. Soil PyC contributed 2.0-11% (N=29) to the total organic carbon (TOC), with one Ferrosol as high as 26%. PyC was concentrated either in the top (0-10cm) or bottom (30-50cm) soil layers, with the highest PyC:TOC ratio in the bottom (30-50cm) soil horizon in all soils. Principal component analysis - multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) suggested the silt-associated organic C factor accounted for 38.5% of the variation in PyC. Our findings suggest that PyC is an important fraction of the TOC (2.0-11%, N=18) and chemically recalcitrant organic C (ROC) obtained by chemical C fractionation method accounts for a significant proportion of soil TOC (47.3-84.9%, N=18). This is the first study comparing these two methods, and it indicates both CTO-375 and C speciation methods can determine a fraction of recalcitrant organic C. However, estimated chemically recalcitrant organic carbon pool (ROC) was approximately an order of magnitude greater than that of thermally stable organic carbon (PyC).
The two-component system WalKR provides an essential link between cell wall homeostasis and DNA replication in Staphylococcus aureus
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 16-10-2023
Transformation of nitrogen and nitrous oxide emission from grassland soils as affected by compaction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Pros and Cons of Biochar to Soil Potentially Toxic Element Mobilization and Phytoavailability: Environmental Implications
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-12-2200
DOI: 10.1007/S41748-022-00336-8
Abstract: While the potential of biochar (BC) to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in contaminated soils has been studied and reviewed, no review has focused on the potential use of BC for enhancing the phytoremediation efficacy of PTE-contaminated soils. Consequently, the overarching purpose in this study is to critically review the effects of BC on the mobilization, phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and bioremediation of PTEs in contaminated soils. Potential mechanisms of the interactions between BC and PTEs in soils are also reviewed in detail. We discuss the promises and challenges of various approaches, including potential environmental implications, of BC application to PTE-contaminated soils. The properties of BC (e.g., surface functional groups, mineral content, ionic content, and π-electrons) govern its impact on the (im)mobilization of PTEs, which is complex and highly element-specific. This review demonstrates the contrary effects of BC on PTE mobilization and highlights possible opportunities for using BC as a mobilizing agent for enhancing phytoremediation of PTEs-contaminated soils.
Effect of pH on the adsorption of phosphate and potassium in batch and in column experiments
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1071/SR9880165
Abstract: The effect of increasing pH, through incubation with Ca(OH)2 and NaOH, on the adsorption of phosphate (P) and potassium (K) was examined in batch and in column experiments. In column experiments, an increase in pH from 5.2 to 8.2 decreased the adsorption of P and increased that of K which resulted in an increased leaching of P and a decreased leaching of K. In a batch experiment, however, an increase in pH resulting from incubation with NaOH gave similar results to those of the column experiment, whereas an increase in pH due to Ca(OH)2 addition caused the opposite effect on the adsorption of both P and K. The difference between the batch and the column experiments in the effect of incubating soil with Ca(OH)2 on the adsorption of P and K is related to the concentration of Ca in the soil solution.
Effect of particle size of nanoscale zero-valent copper on inorganic phosphorus adsorption-desorption in a volcanic ash soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Contamination and remediation of phthalic acid esters in agricultural soils in China: a review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-12-2014
Distribution and Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Livestock and Poultry Manure By-Products
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2004
Preparation of ammonium-modified cassava waste-derived biochar and its evaluation for synergistic adsorption of ternary antibiotics from aqueous solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Carbon Sequestration Potential on Mined Lands
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 08-09-2017
Cadmium Contamination and Its Risk Management in Rice Ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Modulation of hexavalent chromium toxicity on Οriganum vulgare in an acidic soil amended with peat, lime, and zeolite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.12.069
Abstract: Dynamics of chromate (Cr(VI)) in contaminated soils may be modulated by decreasing its phytoavailability via the addition of organic matter-rich amendments, which might accelerate Cr(VI) reduction to inert chromite (Cr(III)) or high-cation exchange capacity amendments. We studied Cr(VI) phytoavailability of oregano in a Cr(VI)-spiked acidic soil non-treated (S) and treated with peat (SP), lime (SL), and zeolite (SZ). The addition of Cr(VI) increased the concentrations of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in soils and plants, especially in the lime-amended soil. The plant biomass decreased in the lime-amended soil compared to the un-spiked soil (control) due to decreased plant phosphorus concentrations and high Cr(VI) concentrations in root at that treatment. Oregano in the peat-amended soil exhibited significantly less toxic effects, due to the role of organic matter in reducing toxic Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and boosted plant vigour in this treatment. In the lime-amended soil, the parameters of soil Cr(VI), soil Cr(III), and root Cr(III) increased significantly compared to the non-amended soil, indicating that Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III) was accelerated at high pH. Added zeolite failed to decreased Cr(VI) level to soil and plant. Oregano achieved a total uptake of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) of 0.275 mg in plant kg
An assessment of requirements of neutralising materials of partially oxidised pyritic mine waste rock
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/SR99049
Abstract: The objective of this study was to assess the ameliorating properties of selected neutralising materials added to partially oxidised pyritic mine waste rock from Martha mine pitwall, Waihi, New Zealand.Chemical characterisation showed that the partially oxidised pyritic pitwall rock material had very low pH ( .1), high electrical conductivity and elevated levels of Al, SO42–, Fe, Mn, and a total non-oxidised sulfide-S content of 2.6%. Acid-base accounting analysis of the material indicated that it had nil acid-neutralising capacity and a net acid-producing potential of 82 kg CaCO3/t. The standard buffer method indicated that a lime requirement of 29 kg CaCO3/t was required to neutralise the total acidity generated from oxidation of liberated pyrite grains. Incubation for 90 days of the pyritic pitwall rock with varying rates of amendments of neutralising materials showed that limestone, dolomite, and fluidised bed boiler ash were all equally effective in raising the pH above 6.0 at a CaCO3 content equivalent rate (CER) of 30 kg CaCO3/t. The reactive phosphate rock, however, did not raise the pH above 6.0 even at the highest CER of 50 kg CaCO 3 /t. Amendment with neutralising materials also significantly reduced EC, Al, SO4 2–, Fe, and Mn in the incubated pitwall rock. Physical examination of the incubated pitwall rock material showed that a large fraction of the coarse-grained neutralising material remained unreactive due to oxyhydroxide coatings.
Restoring Forests on Surface Coal Mines in Appalachia
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 08-09-2017
Biochar as an (Im)mobilizing Agent for the Potentially Toxic Elements in Contaminated Soils
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Assessment of the influence of phosphate fertilizers on the microbial activity of pasture soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1996
DOI: 10.1007/BF00334905
Improving the humification and phosphorus flow during swine manure composting: A trial for enhancing the beneficial applications of hazardous biowastes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2021.127906
Abstract: Improving the recovery of organic matter and phosphorus (P) from hazardous biowastes such as swine manure using acidic substrates (ASs) in conjunction with aerobic composting is of great interest. This work aimed to investigate the effects of ASs on the humification and/or P migration as well as on microbial succession during the swine manure composting, employing multivariate and multiscale approaches. Adding ASs, derived from wood vinegar and humic acid, increased the degree of humification and thermal stability of the compost. The
Effects of metal ions and pH on ofloxacin sorption to cassava residue-derived biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.10.177
Abstract: In this study, the impacts of various cations, cation strength and pH on ofloxacin (OFL) adsorption to cassava residue-derived biochars were determined. The associated adsorption mechanisms are discussed. The biochars were prepared at pyrolysis temperatures ranging from 350°C to 750°C, and labeled as CW350, CW450, CW550, CW650 and CW750. The Freundlich model provided the best fit to describe the adsorption capacity of OFL and the Freundlich coefficient (logK
Modelling DCD effect on nitrate leaching under controlled conditions
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/SR06177
Abstract: Effects of nitrogen losses through nitrate leaching are one of the major environmental issues worldwide. To determine the potential effect of dicyandiamide (DCD), a nitrification inhibitor, on the transformation of urea nitrogen and subsequent nitrate leaching, incubation and column leaching experiments were performed. Tokomaru silt loam soil was treated with urea, DCD, or urea plus DCD. A control was also used. In the laboratory incubation experiment, the conversion of urea to ammonium (i.e. ammonification process or urea hydrolysis) occurred within a day, thereby increasing the soil pH from 5.8 to 6.9. DCD did not affect the ammonification process. However, DCD did slow down the subsequent oxidation of ammonium to nitrate (i.e. nitrification process). The half-life time of ammonium in this soil was increased from 9 days for the urea treatment to 31 days for the urea + DCD treatment. The production of nitrate was 5 times slower when DCD was added. In the leaching experiments, half the columns were leached after 1 day of incubation (Day 1), the other half 7 days later (Day 7). For Day 1, no significant differences in nitrate leaching could be seen between the treatments, as the nitrification had not yet taken place. For Day 7, DCD decreased nitrate leaching by 71% with a corresponding decrease in nitrate-induced cation leaching, including ammonium. Thus, DCD seems to be effective in decreasing both ammonium and nitrate leaching, but its high solubility and thus mobility could be a limitation to its use. The convection–dispersion equation, including source–sink terms for nitrogen transformations, ammonification, and nitrification rate constants, and a factor for nitrification inhibition by DCD, accounting for degradation and efficiency of DCD, could be used reasonably well to simulate nitrate leaching from the column leaching experiments. However, model parameter values for nitrification rate, and efficiency and decay rate for DCD, were different from those obtained from the incubation experiments, which was probably because of the difference in water content of soil between the incubation and leaching experiments.
Assessment of catalytic thermal hydrolysis of swine manure slurry as liquid fertilizer: Insights into nutrients and metals
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-10-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FENVS.2022.1005290
Abstract: The recovery of nutrients from livestock manure has generated a lot of interest in biosolids value-adding. There is now more research on manure with high solids content but less study on manure with lower solids content. This study used swine manure slurry as the research object and comprehensively examined the characteristics of organic matter conversion, nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals release during the catalytic-thermal hydrolysis (TH) process. It was found that ammonia nitrogen showed a continuous increase with increasing temperature while inorganic phosphorus showed a rising and then decreasing trend. The addition of HCl and H 2 O 2 (TH-HCl-H 2 O 2 ) promoted the hydrolysis of organic matter, showing the best nitrogen and phosphorus release performance, releasing 62.2% of inorganic phosphorus and 50.8% of nitrogen. The release characteristics of nutrients and metals from the TH process were significantly affected by the addition of HCl and H 2 O 2 , according to structural equation modelling study. The data analysis demonstrated that the liquid fertilizer produced by TH did not surpass the environmental risk associated with nutrients or the ecological risk associated with heavy metals. This study would offer theoretical justification for biowaste conversion for agricultural applications.
Phenotyping earthworm by image analysis
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2014
The potential value of biochar in the mitigation of gaseous emission of nitrogen
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.08.242
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) losses through gaseous emission of ammonia (NH
Relative value of phosphate compounds in reducing the bioavailability and toxicity of lead in contaminated soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2012
Abattoir Wastewater Irrigation Increases the Availability of Nutrients and Influences on Plant Growth and Development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2016
Rhizoremediation as a green technology for the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
The NanI and NanJ sialidases of Clostridium perfringens are not essential for virulence
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 10-2009
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00548-09
Abstract: The essential toxin in Clostridium perfringens -mediated gas gangrene or clostridial myonecrosis is alpha-toxin, although other toxins and extracellular enzymes may also be involved. In many bacterial pathogens extracellular sialidases are important virulence factors, and it has been suggested that sialidases may play a role in gas gangrene. C. perfringens strains have combinations of three different sialidase genes, two of which, nanI and nanJ , encode secreted sialidases. The nanI and nanJ genes were insertionally inactivated by homologous recombination in derivatives of sequenced strain 13 and were shown to encode two functional secreted sialidases, NanI and NanJ. Analysis of these derivatives showed that NanI was the major sialidase in this organism. Mutation of nanI resulted in loss of most of the secreted sialidase activity, and the residual activity was eliminated by subsequent mutation of the nanJ gene. Only a slight reduction in the total sialidase activity was observed in a nanJ mutant. Cytotoxicity assays using the B16 melanoma cell line showed that supernatants containing NanI or overexpressing NanJ enhanced alpha-toxin-mediated cytotoxicity. Finally, the ability of nanI , nanJ , and nanIJ mutants to cause disease was assessed in a mouse myonecrosis model. No attenuation of virulence was observed for any of these strains, providing evidence that neither the NanI sialidase nor the NanJ sialidase is essential for virulence.
Biosolids-based Co-composts reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 2014
Rare earth elements (REE) for the removal and recovery of phosphorus: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Regulation of the 18-kDa heat shock protein in Mycobacterium ulcerans: An alpha-crystallin orthologue that promotes biofilm formation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2958.2010.07401.X
Abstract: Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of the debilitating skin disease Buruli ulcer, which is most prevalent in Western and Central Africa. M. ulcerans shares >98% DNA sequence identity with Mycobacterium marinum, however, M. marinum produces granulomatous, but not ulcerative, lesions in humans and animals. Here we report the differential expression of a small heat shock protein (Hsp18) between strains of M. ulcerans (Hsp18(+) ) and M. marinum (Hsp18(-) ) and describe the molecular basis for this difference. We show by gene deletion and GFP reporter assays in M. marinum that a ergently transcribed gene called hspR_2, immediately upstream of hsp18, encodes a MerR-like regulatory protein that represses hsp18 transcription while promoting its own expression. Naturally occurring mutations within a 70 bp segment of the 144 bp hspR_2-hsp18 intergenic region among M. ulcerans strains inhibit hspR_2 transcription and explain the Hsp18(+) phenotype. We also propose a biological role for Hsp18, as we show that this protein significantly enhances bacterial attachment or aggregation during biofilm formation. This study has uncovered a new member of the MerR family of transcriptional regulators and suggests that upregulation of hsp18 expression was an important pathoadaptive response in the evolution of M. ulcerans from a M. marinum-like ancestor.
The effects of light regime on carbon cycling, nutrient removal, biomass yield, and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production by a constructed photosynthetic consortium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2022.127912
Abstract: Microalgae can add value to biological wastewater treatment processes by capturing carbon and nutrients and producing valuable biomass. Harvesting small cells from liquid media is a challenge easily addressed with biofilm cultivation. Three experimental photobioreactors were constructed from inexpensive materials (e.g. plexiglass, silicone) for hybrid liquid/biofilm cultivation of a microalgal-bacterial consortia in aquaculture effluent. Three light regimes (full-spectrum, blue-white, and red) were implemented to test light spectra as a process control. High-intensity full-spectrum light caused photoinhibition and low biomass yield, but produced the most polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) (0.14 mg g
Meta-analysis for quantifying carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission in paddy soils one year after biochar application
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-12-2022
Abstract: The incorporation of biochar into soils has been recognized as a promising method to combat climate change. However, the full carbon reduction potential of biochar in paddy soils is still unclear. To give an overview of the quantified carbon reduction, a meta-analysis model of different carbon emission factors was established, and the life cycle-based carbon reduction of biochar was estimated. After one year of incorporation, biochar significantly increased the total soil carbon (by 27.2%) and rice production (by 11.3%) stimulated methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 13.6% and 1.41%, respectively, but having insignificant differences with no biochar amendment and reduced nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 25.1%. The soil total carbon increase was mainly related to the biochar rate, whereas CH4 emissions were related to the nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Biochar pyrolysis temperature, soil type, and climate were the main factors to influence the rice yield. The total carbon reduction potential of biochar incorporation in Chinese paddy soils in 2020 ranged from 0.0066 to 2.0 Pg C using a biochar incorporation rate from 2 to 40 t ha−1. This study suggests that biochar application has high potential to reduce carbon emissions, thereby contributing to the carbon neutrality goal, but needs field-scale long-term trials to validate the predictions.
Carbon distribution in top‐ and subsoil horizons of two contrasting Andisols under pasture or forest
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2012
Effectiveness of the engineered pinecone-derived biochar for the removal of fluoride from water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2022.113540
Abstract: Drinking fluoride (F
Photoassimilated carbon allocation in a wheat plant-soil system as affected by soil fertility and land-use history
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2014
Adsorption-desorption behavior of dissolved organic carbon by soil clay fractions of varying mineralogy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Challenges and opportunities in sustainable management of microplastics and nanoplastics in the environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2021.112179
Abstract: The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems has raised concerns because of their adverse effects on ecosystem functions and human health. Plastic waste management has become a universal problem in recent years. Hence, sustainable plastic waste management techniques are vital for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Although many reviews have focused on the occurrence and impact of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs), there has been limited focus on the management of MNPs. This review first summarizes the ecotoxicological impacts of plastic waste sources and issues related to the sustainable management of MNPs in the environment. This paper then critically evaluates possible approaches for incorporating plastics into the circular economy in order to cope with the problem of plastics. Pollution associated with MNPs can be tackled through source reduction, incorporation of plastics into the circular economy, and suitable waste management. Appropriate infrastructure development, waste valorization, and economically sound plastic waste management techniques and viable alternatives are essential for reducing MNPs in the environment. Policymakers must pay more attention to this critical issue and implement appropriate environmental regulations to achieve environmental sustainability.
Engineered biochar for environmental decontamination in aquatic and soil systems: a review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S44246-022-00005-5
Abstract: Contamination of aquatic and soil systems by organic and inorganic pollutants has become a serious issue of concern worldwide. Viable and cost-effective solutions are urgently needed to mitigate the negative impacts of erse pollutants on the environment and human health. Biochar has emerged as an effective and green material for the remediation of a wide spectrum of (in)organic pollutants. However, applications of pristine biochar in decontamination have encountered bottlenecks due to its limited properties which cannot meet the desired remediation requirements. Therefore, multiple modification methods have been developed for tailoring the physicochemical properties of biochar to enhance its effectiveness in environmental decontamination. This work provides a holistic review on the recent advances on the synthesis of engineered biochar using physical, chemical, and biological methods. Further applications and related mechanisms of engineered biochar in the field of environmental decontamination in aquatic and soil systems have also been summarized and discussed. In addition, existing challenges and research gaps are outlined, and future research needs are proposed. This review summarizes the scientific opportunities for a comprehensive understanding of using engineered biochars as effective materials for the remediation of contaminated water and soil. Graphical abstract
Mechanistic insights of 2,4-D sorption onto biochar: Influence of feedstock materials and biochar properties
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.07.073
Abstract: Objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of 2,4-Dichlorophynoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) sorption on biochar in aqueous solutions. Sorption isotherm, kinetics, and desorption experiments were performed to identify the role of biochars' feedstock and production conditions on 2,4-D sorption. Biochars were prepared from various green wastes (tea, burcucumber, and hardwood) at two pyrolytic temperatures (400 and 700°C). The tea waste biochar produced at 700°C was further activated with steam under a controlled flow. The sorption of 2,4-D was strongly dependent on the biochar properties such as specific surface area, surface functional groups, and microporosity. The steam activated biochar produced from tea waste showed the highest (58.8mgg
The leaching behaviour of herbicides in cropping soils amended with forestry biowastes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.119466
Abstract: Leaching of herbicides in cropping soils not only impacts the groundwater sources but also reduces their effect in controlling weeds. Leaching studies were carried out in two cropping soils and two forestry biowaste media, wood pulp and sawdust with two herbicides, atrazine and bromacil in a packed lysimeter with simulated rainfall. The hypothesis was that high organic matter forestry biowaste soil amendments reduce the leaching of herbicides through the soil profile. Results from the experimental setups varied due to the impact of the simulated rainfall on the surface structure of the media. Organic carbon content, pH and structure of the media were all factors which affected the leaching of the two herbicides. The hypothesis was true for wood pulp, but for sawdust, organic matter content had less bearing on the leaching of the herbicides than other over-riding factors, such as pH, that were media specific. In sawdust, its large particle size and related pore volume allowed preferential flow of herbicides. Overall, the data indicated that both forestry biowastes were retentive to herbicide leaching, but the effect was more pronounced with wood pulp than sawdust.
Boron contamination and its risk management in terrestrial and aquatic environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Phytoextraction of heavy metal from tailing waste using Napier grass
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Indoor particulate matter in urban households: Sources, pathways, characteristics, health effects, and exposure mitigation
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-10-2021
Abstract: Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets suspended in the air with varying size, shape, and chemical composition which intensifies significant concern due to severe health effects. Based on the well-established human health effects of outdoor PM, health-based standards for outdoor air have been promoted (e.g., the National Ambient Air Quality Standards formulated by the U.S.). Due to the exchange of indoor and outdoor air, the chemical composition of indoor particulate matter is related to the sources and components of outdoor PM. However, PM in the indoor environment has the potential to exceed outdoor PM levels. Indoor PM includes particles of outdoor origin that drift indoors and particles that originate from indoor activities, which include cooking, fireplaces, smoking, fuel combustion for heating, human activities, and burning incense. Indoor PM can be enriched with inorganic and organic contaminants, including toxic heavy metals and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds. As a potential health hazard, indoor exposure to PM has received increased attention in recent years because people spend most of their time indoors. In addition, as the quantity, quality, and scope of the research have expanded, it is necessary to conduct a systematic review of indoor PM. This review discusses the sources, pathways, characteristics, health effects, and exposure mitigation of indoor PM. Practical solutions and steps to reduce exposure to indoor PM are also discussed.
Biosynthesis and Ether-Bridge Formation in Nargenicin Macrolides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-02-2019
Abstract: The nargenicin family of antibiotics are macrolides containing a rare ether-bridged cis-decalin motif. Several of these compounds are highly active against multi-drug resistant organisms. Despite the identification of the first members of this family almost 40 years ago, the genetic basis for the production of these molecules and the enzyme responsible for formation of the oxa bridge, remain unknown. Here, the 85 kb nargenicin biosynthetic gene cluster was identified from a human pathogenic Nocardia arthritidis isolate and this locus is solely responsible for nargenicin production. Further investigation of this locus revealed a putative iron-α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, which was found to be responsible for the formation of the ether bridge from the newly identified deoxygenated precursor, 8,13-deoxynargenicin. Uncovering the nargenicin biosynthetic locus provides a molecular basis for the rational bioengineering of these interesting antibiotic macrolides.
Bacterial endosymbionts protect beneficial soil fungus from nematode attack
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 09-09-2021
Abstract: Soil is a complex and competitive environment, forcing its inhabitants to develop strategies against competitors, predators, and pathogens. Identifying and understanding the molecular mechanisms has translational value for medicine, ecology, and agriculture. In this study, we show that a member of important soil-dwelling fungi ( Mortierella ) forms a tight alliance with toxin-producing bacteria ( Mycoavidus ) that live within the fungal hyphae and protect their host from nematode attack. This discovery is relevant since Mortierella species correlate with healthy soils and are used as plant growth–promoting fungi in agriculture. Unraveling an ecological role for fungal endosymbionts in Mortierella , our results contribute to the understanding of a mainspring in fungal–endobacterial symbioses and open the possibility for the development of new biocontrol agents.
Changes in soil-pores and wheat root geometry due to strategic tillage in a no-tillage cropping system
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1071/SR20010
Abstract: Tillage management can influence soil physical properties such as soil strength, moisture content, temperature, nutrient and oxygen availability, which in turn can affect crop growth during the early establishment phase. However, a short-term ‘strategic’ conventional tillage (CT) shift in tillage practice in a continuous no-tillage (NT) cropping system may change the soil-pore and root geometry. This study identifies the impact of a tillage regime shift on the belowground soil-pore and root geometry. Micro X-ray computed tomography (µXCT) was used to quantify, measure and compare the soil-pore and root architecture associated with the impact of tillage shift across different plant growth stages. Soil porosity was 12.2% higher under CT in the top 0–100 mm and 7.4% in the bottom 100–200 mm of the soil core compared with NT. Soil-pore distribution, i.e. macroporosity (& μm), was 13.4% higher under CT, but mesoporosity (30–75 μm) was 9.6% higher under NT. The vertical distributions of root biomass and root architecture measurements (i.e. root length density) in undisturbed soil cores were 9.6% higher under the NT and 8.7% higher under the CT system respectively. These results suggest that low soil disturbance under the continuous NT system may have encouraged accumulation of more root biomass in the top 100 mm depth, thus developing better soil structure. Overall, µXCT image analyses of soil cores indicated that this tillage shift affected the soil total carbon, due to the significantly higher soil-pore (i.e. pore surface area, porosity and average pore size area) and root architecture (i.e. root length density, root surface density and root biomass) measurements under the CT system.
Spatial distribution patterns and controls of bioavailable silicon in coastal wetlands of China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2023
Bioavailability and ecotoxicity of arsenic species in solution culture and soil system: implications to remediation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1827-2
Abstract: In this work, bioavailability and ecotoxicity of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) species were compared between solution culture and soil system. Firstly, the adsorption of As(III) and As(V) was compared using a number of non-allophanic and allophanic soils. Secondly, the bioavailability and ecotoxicity were examined using germination, phytoavailability, earthworm, and soil microbial activity tests. Both As-spiked soils and As-contaminated sheep dip soils were used to test bioavailability and ecotoxicity. The sheep dip soil which contained predominantly As(V) species was subject to flooding to reduce As(V) to As(III) and then used along with the control treatment soil to compare the bioavailability between As species. Adsorption of As(V) was much higher than that of As(III), and the difference in adsorption between these two species was more pronounced in the allophanic than non-allophanic soils. In the solution culture, there was no significant difference in bioavailability and ecotoxicity, as measured by germination and phytoavailability tests, between these two As species. Whereas in the As-spiked soils, the bioavailability and ecotoxicity were higher for As(III) than As(V), and the difference was more pronounced in the allophanic than non-allophanic soils. Bioavailability of As increased with the flooding of the sheep dip soils which may be attributed to the reduction of As(V) to As(III) species. The results in this study have demonstrated that while in solution, the bioavailability and ecotoxicity do not vary between As(III) and As(V), in soils, the latter species is less bioavailable than the former species because As(V) is more strongly retained than As(III). Since the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of As depend on the nature of As species present in the environment, risk-based remediation approach should aim at controlling the dynamics of As transformation.
Role of organic amendment application on greenhouse gas emission from soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.01.031
Abstract: Globally, substantial quantities of organic amendments (OAs) such as plant residues (3.8×10(9) Mg/yr), biosolids (10×10(7) Mg/yr), and animal manures (7×10(9) Mg/yr) are produced. Recycling these OAs in agriculture possesses several advantages such as improving plant growth, yield, soil carbon content, and microbial biomass and activity. Nevertheless, OA applications hold some disadvantages such as nutrient eutrophication and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Agriculture sector plays a vital role in GHG emission (carbon dioxide- CO2, methane- CH4, and nitrous oxide- N2O). Though CH4 and N2O are emitted in less quantity than CO2, they are 21 and 310 times more powerful in global warming potential, respectively. Although there have been reviews on the role of mineral fertilizer application on GHG emission, there has been no comprehensive review on the effect of OA application on GHG emission in agricultural soils. The review starts with the quantification of various OAs used in agriculture that include manures, biosolids, and crop residues along with their role in improving soil health. Then, it discusses four major OA induced-GHG emission processes (i.e., priming effect, methanogenesis, nitrification, and denitrification) by highlighting the impact of OA application on GHG emission from soil. For ex le, globally 10×10(7) Mg biosolids are produced annually which can result in the potential emission of 530 Gg of CH4 and 60 Gg of N2O. The article then aims to highlight the soil, climatic, and OA factors affecting OA induced-GHG emission and the management practices to mitigate the emission. This review emphasizes the future research needs in relation to nitrogen and carbon dynamics in soil to broaden the use of OAs in agriculture to maintain soil health with minimum impact on GHG emission from agriculture.
New insight into the mechanisms of preferential encapsulation of metal(loid)s by wheat phytoliths under silicon nanoparticle amendment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Remediation of Site Contamination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2013
Simultaneous Adsorption of Calcium and Sulfate and Its Effect on Their Movement
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2007
Cation influence on sulfate leaching in allophanic soils
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/SR06070
Abstract: We have examined the influence of the ionic composition of the soil solution on the movement of sulfate and calcium in 2 New Zealand soils with differing allophane content. For this study, we have carried out a series of miscible displacement experiments using repacked and intact soil columns, in which sulfate was applied in the presence of either calcium or potassium as the accompanying cation. Our results showed that sulfate leaching was significantly retarded in the soil with higher allophane content when applied with calcium. On the other hand, no effects were observed for all studied soils when potassium was used as the accompanying cation. In addition, in soils with high allophane content, calcium also had its retention increased when sulfate was present. The increase in sulfate adsorption was accompanied by corresponding increase in calcium adsorption. These findings evidenced the presence of co-adsorption, or ion-pair adsorption (IPA), in allophane-containing soils. The extent of this adsorption is dependent on the soil pH, the accompanying cation, and the allophane content of the soil.
Developments in some aspects of reactive phosphate rock research and use in New Zealand
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1071/EA96104
Abstract: Summary. There has been over 50 years of use and research into the agronomic effectiveness of reactive phosphate rocks (RPR) directly applied to New Zealand pastures. In recent years RPR-carrying fertilisers made up about 16% of phosphatic fertiliser sales in the North Island of New Zealand. Most is applied, as maintenance fertiliser, to hill country sheep and beef farms. Use has been recommended on soils with pH and in annual rainfall regimes mm. This is based on the poor performance of Sechura phosphate rock in summer dry areas receiving mm of rainfall annually. Phosphate rocks that have more than 30% of their total phosphate soluble in 2% citric acid have been classed as ‘reactive’ and suitable for direct application. More recent research indicates that extraction with 2% formic acid, or a dissolution test performed in a simulated soil solution at a fixed pH, will provide improved measures of RPR quality. Field trials, undertaken by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries [MAF now AgResearch Crown Research Institute (CRI)] and others, to evaluate the relative agronomic effectiveness of RPR versus soluble P fertilisers in adequate to marginally P-deficient soils have proven to be a painstaking task. Long periods (3–6 years) of fertiliser withdrawal were required for pasture growth on some soils to become significantly responsive to applied P. Only then did differences between P sources become significant. This problem has encouraged efforts to relate measurements of the extent of RPR dissolution in soils to their agronomic effectiveness. Three main modelling approaches have been used to achieve this objective: Kirk and Nye (1986a, 1986b, 1986c) Sinclair et al. (1993a) and Watkinson (1994b). These models are reviewed and their explanation of RPR dissolution in mowing trials tested. Components of each model have then been combined to produce models to predict the agronomic effectiveness of RPR. The development of P tests for soils receiving RPR-containing fertilisers is reviewed. Separate Olsen P test–yield response calibration curves are required for soils fertilised with soluble P fertilisers and soils fertilised with sparingly soluble P sources or soluble P in the presence of heavy lime applications. Whereas alkaline P tests such as Olsen or Colwell underestimate the amount of plant-available P in these soils, acid P tests such as Bray 1 are likely to overestimate the available P. Tests involving cation and anion exchange resin membranes appear to be more appropriate for soils with unknown histories of soluble P and RPR use and may permit the use of single calibration curves. Trends observed in Olsen P soil test values, from farms on the North Island of New Zealand that have a history (3–15 years) of RPR use are presented. A predictive dissolution model is used to explain these trends but it is evident that spatial and temporal variation in soil test results on farmers’ paddocks will be a major constraint to the precision to which this or similar models may be used. The model, however, may provide the basis for sound advice on the strategic use of RPR for direct application to New Zealand pasture soils. It may prove useful in explaining the variation in RPR effectiveness in a wider range of climates and soils.
Comparative Sorption of Pb and Cd by Biochars and Its Implication for Metal Immobilization in Soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2013
Distribution, characteristics and management of calcareous soils
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Comparative value of phosphate sources on the immobilization of lead, and leaching of lead and phosphorus in lead contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2010.11.003
Abstract: The mobility and bioavailability of lead (Pb) in soils can be mitigated by its immobilization using both soluble and insoluble phosphate (P) compounds. The effectiveness of insoluble P sources on Pb immobilization depends on their rate of dissolution which can be enhanced by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). In this study, the effect of soluble (potassium dihydrogen phosphate) and insoluble (rock phosphate in the presence and absence of PSB) P compounds on the immobilization of Pb, and leaching of Pb and P was examined using both naturally contaminated (SR soil: NH₄NO₃ extractable Pb: 28.7 mg/kg, pH: 5.88, organic matter: 0.7%) and Pb spiked (AH soil: NH(4)NO(3) extractable Pb: 42.7 mg/kg, pH: 5.23, organic matter: 10.9%) soils. Phosphate compounds were added at the rate of 200 mg P/kg and 800 mg P/kg for SR and AH soils, respectively. Soluble P treatment immobilized 80% and 57% of Pb in SR and AH soils, respectively. Insoluble rock phosphate immobilized 40% and 9% of Pb without PSB, and 60% and 17% with PSB in SR and AH soils, respectively. Lead leaching was the lowest when soils were amended with rock phosphate in the presence of PSB, which reduced Pb leaching by 36% for SR soil and 18% for AH soil compared to the control. The leaching of Pb increased when the soils were amended with soluble P because soluble P treatment increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of soil, thereby increasing Pb mobility. Soluble P treatment significantly increased P leaching and 9% of total added P was leached from low P retaining AH soil. The optimum level of P amendment is a critical issue when soluble P is used as a Pb immobilizing agent because of eutrophication resulting from excessive P leaching to surface and ground water. While the soluble P compound was effective in the immobilization of Pb, it resulted in P leaching which increased with increasing levels of P addition. However, rock phosphate amendment with PSB achieved the immobilization of Pb with a minimum effect on both Pb and P leaching.
Genome Mining and Heterologous Expression Reveal Two Distinct Families of Lasso Peptides Highly Conserved in Endofungal Bacteria
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-12-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACSCHEMBIO.9B00805
Abstract: Genome mining identified the fungal-bacterial endosymbiosis
Denitrification losses of N from fresh and composted manures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1995
Differential effect of biochar upon reduction-induced mobility and bioavailability of arsenate and chromate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.08.043
Abstract: Heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) occur in ionic form in soil, with chromate [Cr(VI)] and arsenate As(V) being the most pre-dominant forms. The application of biochar to Cr(VI) and As(V) spiked and field contaminated soils was evaluated on the reduction processes [(Cr(VI) to Cr(III)] and [As(V) to As(III))], and subsequent mobility and bioavailability of both As(V) and Cr(VI). The assays used in this study included leaching, soil microbial activity and XPS techniques. The reduction rate of As(V) was lower than that of Cr(VI) with and without biochar addition, however, supplementation with biochar enhanced the reduction process of As(V). Leaching experiments indicated Cr(VI) was more mobile than As(V). Addition of biochar reversed the effect by reducing the mobility of Cr and increasing that of As. The presence of Cr and As in both spiked and contaminated soils reduced microbial activity, but with the addition of biochar to these soils, the microbial activity increased in the Cr(VI) contaminated soils, while it was further decreased with As(V) contaminated soils. The addition of biochar was effective in mitigating Cr toxicity by reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). In contrast, the conversion process of As(V) to As(III) hastened by biochar was not favourable, as As(III) is more toxic in soils. Overall, the presence of functional groups on biochar promotes reduction by providing the electrons required for reduction processes to occur as determined by XPS data.
Single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock mixtures. 2. The effect of phosphate rock type and denning time on the amounts of acidulated and extractable phosphate
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-1988
DOI: 10.1007/BF01049773
Mitigation of petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated hazardous soils using organic amendments: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Enhancement of chromate reduction in soils by surface modified biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.05.034
Abstract: Chromium (Cr) is one of the common metals present in the soils and may have an extremely deleterious environmental impact depending on its redox state. Among two common forms, trivalent Cr(III) is less toxic than hexavalent Cr(VI) in soils. Carbon (C) based materials including biochar could be used to alleviate Cr toxicity through converting Cr(VI) to Cr(III). Incubation experiments were conducted to examine Cr(VI) reduction in different soils (Soil 1: pH 7.5 and Soil 2: pH 5.5) with three manures from poultry (PM), cow (CM) and sheep (SM), three respective manure-derived biochars (PM biochar (PM-BC), CM biochar (CM-BC) and SM biochar (SM-BC)) and two modified biochars (modified PM-BC (PM-BC-M) and modified SM-BC (SM-BC-M)). Modified biochar was synthesized by incorporating chitosan and zerovalent iron (ZVI) during pyrolysis. Among biochars, highest Cr(VI) reduction was observed with PM-BC application (5% w/w) (up to 88.12 mg kg
A review on the synthesis and applications of nanoporous carbons for the removal of complex chemical contaminants
Publisher: The Chemical Society of Japan
Date: 15-04-2021
Advances and future directions of biochar characterization methods and applications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-12-2017
Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
A review of tillage practices and their potential to impact the soil carbon dynamics
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. I. Effect of phosphate addition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Oxidative transformation of iron monosulfides and pyrite in estuarine sediments: Implications for trace metals mobilisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.06.062
Abstract: Iron monosulfides are the initial iron sulfide minerals that form under reducing conditions in organic-rich sediments. Frequently referred as monosulfidic black ooze (MBO), these sediments exists in a range of anoxic systems including estuaries, coastal wetlands and permeable reactive barriers. The objective of this study was to investigate the transformation of solid phase sulfur, iron fractions and trace metals mobilisation in organic-rich hypersulfidic sediments during dredging. Two sediments from geographically contrasting sites in the Peel-Harvey Estuary were collected and subjected to oxidation through resuspension over 14 days. During oxidation, redox potential rapidly and continuously increased, although minimal change in pH was observed in both sediments. The majority of FeS was oxidised within 48 h. Although not as dynamic as FeS, unusually high rates of FeS
A review of the use of phosphate rocks as fertilizers for direct application in Australia and New Zealand.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1071/EA9900297
Abstract: Field trials in New Zealand have shown that reactive phosphate rocks (RPRs) can be as effective as soluble P fertilisers, per kg of P applied, on permanent pastures that have a soil pH .0 (in water) and a mean annual rainfall mm. Whereas RPRs such as North Carolina, Sechura, Gafsa and Chatham Rise have been evaluated on permanent pastures in New Zealand, most Australian field trials have examined unreactive PRs such as Christmas Island A and C grade, Nauru and Duchess, using annual plant species. Only in recent experiments has an RPR, North Carolina, been examined. Except on the highly leached sands in southern and south-western Australia, both reactive and unreactive PRs have shown a low effectiveness relative to superphosphate. In addition to chemical reactivity, other factors may contribute to the difference in the observed agronomic effectiveness of PRs in Australia and New Zealand. Generally, PRs have been evaluated on soils of lower pH, higher pH buffering capacity (as measured by titratable acidity) and higher P status in New Zealand than in Australia. Rainfall is more evenly distributed throughout the year on New Zealand pastures than in Australia where the soil surface dries out between rainfall events. Dry conditions reduce the rate at which soil acid diffuses to a PR granule and dissolution products diffuse away. Even when pH and soil moisture are favourable, the release of P from PR is slow and more suited to permanent pasture (i.e. the conditions usually used to evaluate PRs in New Zealand) than to the annual pastures or crops used in most Australian trials. Based on the criteria of soil pH .0 and mean annual rainfall mm, it is estimated that the potentially suitable area for RPRs on pasture in New Zealand is about 8 million ha. Extending this analysis to Australia, but excluding the seasonal rainfall areas of northern and south-western Australia, the potentially suitable area is about 13 million ha. In New Zealand, many of the soils in the North and South Islands satisfy both the pH and rainfall criteria. However, suitable areas in Australia are confined mainly to the coastal and tableland areas of New South Wales and eastern Victoria, and within these areas the actual effectiveness of RPR will depend markedly on soil management and the distribution of annual rainfall. Further research on RPR use should be focused on these areas.
Challenges and opportunities in bioremediation of micro-nano plastics: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
The Infl uence of Biochar and Black Carbon on Reduction and Bioavailability of Chromate in Soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.2134/JEQ2011.0145
Abstract: The widespread use of chromium (Cr) has a deleterious impact on the environment. A number of pathways, both biotic and abiotic in character, determine the fate and speciation of Cr in soils. Chromium exists in two predominant species in the environment: trivalent [(Cr(III)] and hexavalent [Cr(VI)]. Of these two forms, Cr(III) is nontoxic and is strongly bound to soil particles, whereas Cr(VI) is more toxic and soluble and readily leaches into groundwater. The toxicity of Cr(VI) can be mitigated by reducing it to Cr(III) species. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of organic carbon sources on the reduction, microbial respiration, and phytoavailability of Cr(VI) in soils. Organic carbon sources, such as black carbon (BC) and biochar, were tested for their potential in reducing Cr(VI) in acidic and alkaline contaminated soils. An alkaline soil was selected to monitor the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI) in sunflower plant. Our results showed that using BC resulted in greater reduction of Cr(VI) in soils compared with biochar. This is attributed to the differences in dissolved organic carbon and functional groups that provide electrons for the reduction of Cr(VI). When increasing levels of Cr were added to soils, both microbial respiration and plant growth decreased. The application of BC was more effective than biochar in increasing the microbial population and in mitigating the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI). The net benefit of BC emerged as an increase in plant biomass and a decrease in Cr concentration in plant tissue. Consequently, it was concluded that BC is a potential reducing amendment in mitigating Cr(VI) toxicity in soil and plants.
Natural and engineered clays and clay minerals for the removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances from water: State-of-the-art and future perspectives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Value-added chemicals from food supply chain wastes: State-of-the-art review and future prospects
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Sorption mechanisms of lead on silicon-rich biochar in aqueous solution: Spectroscopic investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.04.003
Abstract: Unraveling sorption mechanisms of lead (Pb) to silicon (Si)-rich biochar at molecular scale in aqueous solution are essential for the effective application of the biochars to the remediation of Pb and other metal(loid)s pollution in the environment. Thus, this study investigated the contributions of phytoliths and other compounds to the Pb sorption on Si-rich coconut fiber biochar (CFB500) and the corresponding sorption mechanisms using spectroscopic techniques, including the micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The μ-XRF and XAFS results showed that K, Ca, Cu, Mn, and Fe were released and significantly related to Pb in Pb-loaded CFB500 four major Pb species were formed with similar structures to lead carboxylate (e.g., Pb(C
Wetting-drying cycles during a rice-wheat crop rotation rapidly (im)mobilize recalcitrant soil phosphorus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2020
Cobalt in soils: sources, fate, bioavailability, plant uptake, remediation, and management
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
Functional analysis of the first complete genome sequence of a multidrug resistant sequence type 2 Staphylococcus epidermidis
Publisher: Microbiology Society
Date: 20-09-2016
Weathering of microplastics and interaction with other coexisting constituents in terrestrial and aquatic environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
ROOT EXUDATES AND MICROORGANISMS
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Organic matter stabilization and phosphorus activation during vegetable waste composting: Multivariate and multiscale investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Microbial functional diversity and carbon use feedback in soils as affected by heavy metals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2019.01.071
Abstract: Soil microorganisms are an important indicator of soil fertility and health. However, our state of knowledge about soil microbial activities, community compositions and carbon use patterns under metal contaminations is still poor. This study aimed to evaluate the influences of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) on soil microorganisms by investigating the microbial community composition and carbon use preferences. Metal pollution was approached both singly and jointly with low (25 and 2500 mg kg
Incorporation of calcium cyanamide and straw reduces phosphorus leaching in a flooded agricultural soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Chemical stabilisation of lead in shooting range soils with phosphate and magnesium oxide: Synchrotron investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2015.06.056
Abstract: Three Australian shooting range soils were treated with phosphate and magnesium oxide, or a combination of both to chemically stabilize Pb. Lead speciation was determined after 1 month ageing by X-ray absorption spectroscopy combined with linear combination fitting in control and treated soils. The predominant Pb species in untreated soils were iron oxide bound Pb, humic acid bound Pb and the mineral litharge. Treatment with phosphate resulted in substantial pyromorphite formation in two of the soils (TV and PE), accounting for up to 38% of Pb species present, despite the addition of excess phosphate. In MgO treated soils only, up to 43% of Pb was associated with MgO. Litharge and Pb hydroxide also formed as a result of MgO addition in the soils. Application of MgO after P treatment increased hydroxypyromorphite yromorphite formation relative to soils teated with phosphate only. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscopy revealed PbO precipitate on the surface of MgO. Soil pH, (5.3-9.3) was an important parameter, as was the solubility of existing Pb species. The use of direct means of determination of the stabilisation of metals such as by X-ray absorption spectroscopy is desirable, particularly in relation to understanding long term stability of the immobilised contaminants.
Potentially toxic elements in surface fine dust of residence communities in valley industrial cities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Chemical properties of fluidised bed boiler ash relevant to its use as a liming material and fertiliser
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1995
Long-term application of manure over plant residues mitigates acidification, builds soil organic carbon and shifts prokaryotic diversity in acidic Ultisols
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Biofuel Crops and Soil Quality and Erosion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2013
Nitrogen transformation and nitrous oxide emissions from various types of farm effluents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2007
Comparative sorption of chromium species as influenced by pH, surface charge and organic matter content in contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Carbon sequestration in urban landscapes: the example of a turfgrass system in New Zealand
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/SR07212
Abstract: Soil carbon sequestration was analysed in the topsoil (0–0.25 m) of putting greens of different ages (5, 9, 20, 30, 40 years) in a golf course in Palmerston North, New Zealand. The soil texture was the same for all putting greens and the intensive management guaranteed that the carbon (C) inputs to the soil were very similar for all ages. Significant and linear soil C sequestration rates occurred for 40 years. The soil C sequestration rate in 0–0.25 m depth was 69 ± 8 g/m2.year over a 40-year period totalling 28 t/ha over 40 years. The relative microbial activity (dehydrogenase activity/total soil C content) representing the bioavailability of soil C decreased by about 50% over 40 years. The C sequestration and decrease of bioavailability of soil C was much more pronounced in 0.1–0.25 m depth than in the top 0.1 m. In the top 0.1 m, very little C sequestration occurred, most probably due to the intensive soil management in this depth. We concluded that the C sequestration was mainly caused by the increasing humification of C in the undisturbed part of the soil (0.1–0.25 m depth) as was indicated by a significant decrease in the relative microbial activity. Turfgrass systems such as putting greens are well suited to sequester C in urban areas.
Biochar addition increased soil bacterial diversity and richness: Large-scale evidence of field experiments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Effect of coal combustion products in reducing soluble phosphorus in soil II: Leaching study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-11-2014
Carbon sequestration value of biosolids applied to soil: A global meta-analysis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Dissolution of phosphate rock during the composting of poultry manure: an incubation experiment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00750093
Soil potassium fertility and management strategies in South Asian agriculture
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Green immobilization of toxic metals using alkaline enhanced rice husk biochar: Effects of pyrolysis temperature and KOH concentration
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Synthesis and characterization of zeolite-based composites functionalized with nanoscale zero-valent iron for removing arsenic in the presence of selenium from water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.03.125
Abstract: We studied the sorption of As(V) in single and multi-component (As(V)-Se(VI)) aqueous systems using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and nZVI-functionalized zeolite (Z-nZVI) adsorbents. Morphological and physico-chemical characterization of the adsorbents was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), surface area and electrophoretic mobility measurements. SEM and XRD analyses showed that Fe-nanoparticle size and crystallinity were better preserved in Z-nZVI than nZVI after As(V) sorption. Highly efficient As(V) removal was achieved for all tested adsorbents with a minimal competition effect of Se(VI). In the single-component system, the equilibrium As(V) sorption time on nZVI and Z-nZVI was 40 and 60 min, respectively, while in the multi-component system, this time was 90 min for both the adsorbents. The Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models provided good fittings for the experimental sorption data (r
Engineered/designer biochar for contaminant removal/immobilization from soil and water: Potential and implication of biochar modification
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
High antibody titres induced by protein subunit vaccines usingMycobacterium ulceransantigens Hsp18 and MUL_3720 with a TLR-2 agonist fail to protect against Buruli ulcer in mice
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 07-08-2020
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.9659
Abstract: Mycobacterium ulcerans is the causative agent of a debilitating skin and soft tissue infection known as Buruli ulcer (BU). There is no vaccine against BU. The purpose of this study was to investigate the vaccine potential of two previously described immunogenic M. ulcerans proteins, MUL_3720 and Hsp18, using a mouse tail infection model of BU. Recombinant versions of the two proteins were each electrostatically coupled with a previously described lipopeptide adjuvant. Seven C57BL/6 and seven BALB/c mice were vaccinated and boosted with each of the formulations. Vaccinated mice were then challenged with M. ulcerans via subcutaneous tail inoculation. Vaccine performance was assessed by time-to-ulceration compared to unvaccinated mice. The MUL_3720 and Hsp18 vaccines induced high titres of antigen-specific antibodies that were predominately subtype IgG 1 . However, all mice developed ulcers by day-40 post- M. ulcerans challenge. No significant difference was observed in the time-to-onset of ulceration between the experimental vaccine groups and unvaccinated animals. These data align with previous vaccine experiments using Hsp18 and MUL_3720 that indicated these proteins may not be appropriate vaccine antigens. This work highlights the need to explore alternative vaccine targets and different approaches to understand the role antibodies might play in controlling BU .
Accessible Platform for High-Throughput COVID-19 Molecular Diagnostics and Genome Sequencing Using a Repurposed 3D Printer for RNA Extraction
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-08-2021
Influence of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the solubilization of phosphates
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF00570634
Nitrogen dynamics and biological processes in soil amended with microalgae grown in abattoir digestate to recover nutrients
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Phosphorus-cadmium interactions in paddy soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Mycolactones: immunosuppressive and cytotoxic polyketides produced by aquatic mycobacteria
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1039/B803101K
An evaluation of the methods of measurement of dissolved organic carbon in soils, manures, sludges, and stream water
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-1996
A critical review of biochar-based nitrogen fertilizers and their effects on crop production and the environment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S42773-022-00160-3
Abstract: Globally, nitrogen (N) fertilizer demand is expected to reach 112 million tonnes to support food production for about 8 billion people. However, more than half of the N fertilizer is lost to the environment with impacts on air, water and soil quality, and bio ersity. Importantly, N loss to the environment contributes to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Nevertheless, where N fertilizer application is limited, severe depletion of soil fertility has become a major constraint to sustainable agriculture. To address the issues of low fertilizer N use efficiency (NUE), biochar-based N fertilizers (BBNFs) have been developed to reduce off-site loss and maximize crop N uptake. These products are generally made through physical mixing of biochar and N fertilizer or via coating chemical N fertilizers such as prilled urea with biochar. This review aims to describe the manufacturing processes of BBNFs, and to critically assess the effects of the products on soil properties, crop yield and N loss pathways.
A review on the valorisation of food waste as a nutrient source and soil amendment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Petroleum hydrocarbon rhizoremediation and soil microbial activity improvement via cluster root formation by wild proteaceae plant species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Decomposition of soil organic matter as affected by clay types, pedogenic oxides and plant residue addition rates
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.03.135
Abstract: The interactive effects of the types and contents of soil clay fractions (SCFs) and plant-residue addition rates on soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilisation are largely unknown. We conducted incubation experiments by amending a sandy soil s le with kaolinitic-illitic, smectitic and allophanic SCFs and adding wheat residues to the mineral mixtures to compare their C stabilisation capacity. The rate of carbon (C) decomposition was higher in the kaolinitic-illitic SCF followed by smectitic and allophanic clay minerals. The supply of easily degradable C substrate from decomposing residues markedly influenced the SCFs' abilities to stabilise SOC. The removal of sesquioxides from the SCFs significantly decreased their C stabilisation capacity, which coincided with a decrease in the dehydrogenase activity of the mineral-residue mixture. The allophanic SCF showed the least microbial activity and the greatest C stabilisation due to having a higher proportion of micropores (75%). The high C stabilisation capacity of allophanic SCF could also be explained by its high specific surface area (119 m
Correction to: Influence of physico-chemical properties of soil clay fractions on the retention of dissolved organic carbon (Environmental Geochemistry and Health, (2017), 39, 6, (1335-1350), 10.1007/s10653-017-9939-0)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-01-2018
Plant silicon content in forests of north China and its implications for phytolith carbon sequestration
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2014
Effect of carbon and nitrogen mobilization from livestock mortalities on nitrogen dynamics in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Predicting the fate of fertiliser sulphur in grazed hill country pastures by modelling the transfer and accumulation of soil phosphorus
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1990
Applications of biochar in redox-mediated reactions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.06.154
Abstract: Biochar is chemically more reduced and reactive than the original feedstock biomass. Graphite regions, functional groups, and redox-active metals in biochar contribute to its redox characteristics. While the functional groups such as phenolic species in biochar are the main electron donating moieties (i.e., reducers), the quinones and polycondensed aromatic functional groups are the components accepting electrons (oxidants). The redox capacity of biochar depends on feedstock properties and pyrolysis conditions. This paper aims to review and summarize the various synthesis techniques for biochars and the methods for probing their redox characteristics. We review the abiotic and microbial applications of biochars as electron donors, electron acceptors, or electron shuttles for pollutant degradation, metal(loid)s (im)mobilization, nutrient transformation, and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, knowledge gaps that exist in the exploration and differentiation of the electron transfer mechanisms involving biochars are also identified.
Multidimensional approaches of biogas production and up-gradation: Opportunities and challenges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolated Chitosan Beads for Removal of Cu(II) and Cd(II) from Wastewater
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2013
Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the mobility and redistribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.05.068
Abstract: Biochar has emerged as an efficient tool to affect bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Although partially understood, a carefully designed incubation experiment was performed to examine the effect of biochar on mobility and redistribution of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a sandy loam soil collected from the surroundings of a copper smelter. Bamboo and rice straw biochars with different mesh sizes (<0.25 mm and <1 mm), were applied at three rates (0, 1, and 5% w/w). Heavy metal concentrations in pore water were determined after extraction with 0.01 M CaCl
Retrieving back plastic wastes for conversion to value added petrochemicals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Fe/Al (hydr)oxides engineered biochar for reducing phosphorus leaching from a fertile calcareous soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Thermal stability of biochar and its effects on cadmium sorption capacity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.07.033
Abstract: In this study, the thermal stability of a wood shaving biochar (WS, 650°C), a chicken litter biochar (CL, 550°C) and an activated carbon (AC, 1100°C) were evaluated by combustion at 375°C for 24h to remove the labile non-carbonized organic matter. Results showed that WS and CL biochars were not thermally stable and can lose most of the organic C during combustion. The combusted WS and CL biochars retained considerable amounts of negative charge and displayed higher sorption for Cd (from 5.46 to 68.9mg/g for WS and from 48.5 to 60.9mg/g for CL). The AC retained 76.5% of its original C and became more negatively chargely after combustion, but its sorption for Cd slightly decreased (from 18.5 to 14.9mg/g). This study indicated that after potential burning in wildfires (200-500°C), biochars could have higher sorption capacity for metals by remaining minerals.
Enhanced adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solution by polyethyleneimine modified straw hydrochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Soil organic carbon stability mediate soil phosphorus in greenhouse vegetable soil by shifting phoD-harboring bacterial communities and keystone taxa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Phosphorus Recovery From Wastes
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Long-term immobilization of soil metalloids under simulated aging: Experimental and modeling approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
Specific activity of phosphorus in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants in relation to the availability of phosphorus to plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Origin of the effect of ph on the saturated hydraulic conductivity of non‐sodic soils
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-1996
Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2011
Phytoremediation of landfill leachates
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Effects of application of inhibitors and biochar to fertilizer on gaseous nitrogen emissions from an intensively managed wheat field
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.02.048
Abstract: The effects of biochar combined with the urease inhibitor, hydroquinone, and nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, on gaseous nitrogen (N
Influence of physico-chemical properties of soil clay fractions on the retention of dissolved organic carbon
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-017-9939-0
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of surface functional groups, cation exchange capacity (CEC), surface charge, sesquioxides and specific surface area (SSA) of three soil clay fractions (SCFs) (kaolinite-illite, smectite and allophane) on the retention of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soils. Physico-chemical properties of the SCFs before and after removing native carbon and/or sesquioxides were characterised, and the DOC adsorption-desorption tests were conducted by a batch method. Native organic carbon (OC)/sesquioxide removal treatments led to a small change in the CEC values of kaolinite-illite, but significant changes in those of smectite and allophane. The net negative surface charge increased in all s les with an increase in pH indicating their variable charge characteristics. The removal of native OC resulted in a slight increase in the net positive charge on soil clay surfaces, while sesquioxide removal increased the negative charge. Changes in the functional groups on the SCF surfaces contributed to the changes in CEC and zeta potential values. There was a strong relationship (R
KINETICS OF MOLYBDATE AND PHOSPHATE SORPTION BY SOME CHILEAN ANDISOLS
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 2009
Effect of Clean Coal Combustion Products in Reducing Soluble Phosphorus in Soil I. Adsorption Study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-03-2013
Stability of heavy metals in soil washing residue with and without biochar addition under accelerated ageing
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.11.038
Abstract: Soil washing residue (SWR), which typically concentrates the washed toxic metals and is comprised of high contents of clay particles, may pose risks to the surrounding environment. This study aims to simulate accelerated ageing to assess the stability of selected metals (Cd
IFN-γ and IL-5 whole blood response directed against mycolactone polyketide synthase domains in patients withMycobacterium ulceransinfection
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 31-07-2018
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.5294
Abstract: Buruli ulcer is a disease of the skin and soft tissues caused by infection with a slow growing pathogen, Mycobacterium ulcerans . A vaccine for this disease is not available but M. ulcerans possesses a giant plasmid pMUM001 that harbours the polyketide synthase (PKS) genes encoding a multi-enzyme complex needed for the production of its unique lipid toxin called mycolactone, which is central to the pathogenesis of Buruli ulcer. We have studied the immunogenicity of enzymatic domains in humans with M. ulcerans disease, their contacts, as well as non-endemic areas controls. Between March 2013 and August 2015, heparinized whole blood was obtained from patients confirmed with Buruli ulcer. The blood s les were diluted 1 in 10 in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium and incubated for 5 days with recombinant mycolactone PKS domains and mycolyltransferase antigen 85A (Ag85A). Blood s les were obtained before and at completion of antibiotic treatment for 8 weeks and again 8 weeks after completion of treatment. Supernatants were assayed for interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-5 (IL-5) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Responses were compared with those of contacts and non-endemic controls. More than 80% of patients and contacts from endemic areas produced IFN-γ in response to all the antigens except acyl carrier protein type 3 (ACP3) to which only 47% of active Buruli ulcer cases and 71% of contacts responded. The highest proportion of responders in cases and contacts was to load module ketosynthase domain (Ksalt) (100%) and enoylreductase (100%). Lower IL-5 responses were induced in a smaller proportion of patients ranging from 54% after ketoreductase type B stimulation to only 21% with ketosynthase type C (KS C). Among endemic area contacts, the, highest proportion was 73% responding to KS C and the lowest was 40% responding to acyltransferase with acetate specificity type 2. Contacts of Buruli ulcer patients produced significantly higher IFN-γ and IL-5 responses compared with those of patients to PKS domain antigens and to mycolyltransferase Ag85A of M. ulcerans . There was low or no response to all the antigens in non-endemic areas controls. IFN-γ and IL-5 responses of patients improved after treatment when compared to baseline results. The major response to PKS antigen stimulation was IFN-γ and the strongest responses were observed in healthy contacts of patients living in areas endemic for Buruli ulcer. Patients elicited lower responses than healthy contacts, possibly due to the immunosuppressive effect of mycolactone, but the responses were enhanced after antibiotic treatment. A vaccine made up of the most immunogenic PKS domains combined with the mycolyltransferase Ag85A warrants further investigation.
Comprehensive antibiotic-linked mutation assessment by Resistance Mutation Sequencing (RM-seq)
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 31-01-2018
DOI: 10.1101/257915
Abstract: Acquired mutations are a major mechanism of bacterial antibiotic resistance generation and dissemination, and can arise during treatment of infections. Early detection of sub-populations of resistant bacteria harbouring defined resistance mutations could prevent inappropriate antibiotic prescription. Here we present RM-seq, a new licon-based DNA sequencing workflow based on single molecule barcoding coupled with deep-sequencing that enables the high-throughput characterisation and sensitive detection of resistance mutations from complex mixed populations of bacteria. We show that RM-seq reduces both background sequencing noise and PCR lification bias and allows highly sensitive identification and accurate quantification of antibiotic resistant sub-populations, with relative allele frequencies as low as 10 -4 . We applied RM-seq to identify and quantify rif icin resistance mutations in Staphylococcus aureus using pools of 10,000 in vitro selected clones and identified a large number of previously unknown resistance-associated mutations. Targeted mutagenesis and phenotypic resistance testing was used to validate the technique and demonstrate that RM-seq can be used to link subsets of mutations with clinical resistance breakpoints at high-throughput using large pools of in vitro selected resistant clones. Differential analysis of the abundance of resistance mutations after a selection bottleneck detected antimicrobial cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity-conferring mutations. Using a mouse infection model and human clinical s les, we also demonstrate that RM-seq can be effectively applied in vivo to track complex mixed populations of S. aureus and another major human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis during infections. RM-seq is a powerful new tool to both detect and functionally characterise mutational antibiotic resistance.
The potential of biochar as a microbial carrier for agricultural and environmental applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Exogenous phosphorus treatment facilitates chelation-mediated cadmium detoxification in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.121849
Abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is an on-going environmental pollutant associated with hindered plant growth. In response, plants possess various strategies to alleviate Cd stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and chelation-mediated Cd detoxification. The present study examined the Cd defense mechanism of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), taking into account the effect of exogenous phosphorus (P) input. It was found that despite triggering antioxidant enzyme activity, Cd stress heightened lipid peroxidation levels. Exogenous P input partially mitigated the lipid peroxidation impact and decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) antioxidant enzymes, revealing reduced ROS-scavenging activity. Importantly, notable relationships were determined between the amount of Cd uptake in the root and the amount of non-protein thiols (R
A review on functional polymer-clay based nanocomposite membranes for treatment of water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2019.04.067
Abstract: Water is essential for every living being. Increasing population, mismanagement of water sources, urbanization, industrialization, globalization, and global warming have all contributed to the scarcity of fresh water sources and the growing demand of such resources. Securing and allocating sufficient water resources has thus become one of the current major global challenges. Membrane technology has dominated the field of water purification due to its ease of usage and fabrication with high efficiency. The development of novel membrane materials can hence play a central role in advancing the field of membrane technology. It is noted that polymer-clay nanocomposites have been used widely for treatment of waste water. Nonetheless, not much efforts have been put to functionalize their membranes to be selective for specific targets. This review was organized to offer better insights into various types of functional polymer and clays composite membranes developed for efficient treatment and purification of water/wastewater. Our discussion was extended further to evaluate the efficacy of membrane techniques employed in the water industry against major chemical (e.g., heavy metal, dye, and phenol) and biological contaminants (e.g., biofouling).
Adsorptive interaction of antibiotic ciprofloxacin on polyethylene microplastics: Implications for vector transport in water
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Interactions of Soluble and Solid Organic Amendments with Priming Effects Induced by Glucose
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2014
Abstract: In this work, the effects of various dissolved organic matter (DOM) sources (piggery effluent [PigE], dairy effluent [DE], sewage effluent [SE], and stormwater [SW]) on the priming effect (PE) of soil C as affected by solid organic amendments (biochar [BC], biosolids [BS], compost, and poultry manure [PM]) and microbial activity were quantified using landfill, arable, and metal‐contaminated field and spiked soils. The BC‐amended soil caused significantly lower PEs than BS‐, compost‐, or PM‐amended field soils due to its low DOM. A strong positive correlation was observed between the dissolved organic C content and glucose‐induced PE of soil C. However, a negative correlation between the PE and dissolved N in different sources of DOM suggested that the PE may also be influenced by the quality of added C sources in the soils. The DE‐treated soil with the highest dissolved N resulted in significantly lower PE than PigE‐, SE‐, and SW‐treated soils. Compared with the uncontaminated soils, microbial activity as CO 2 evolution and PE decreased markedly in the metal‐contaminated soils, which may be attributed to the heavy metal toxicity. However, the distinct increase in microbial activity in the wastewater‐treated contaminated soils suggests the capacity of wastewater to reduce metal toxicity in soils. The findings of this study suggest that although wastewater DOM may reduce the toxic effect to microorganisms, it can have an important effect on the source of CO 2 by stimulating the decomposition of native soil organic matter.
Biochar suppressed the decomposition of organic carbon in a cultivated sandy loam soil: A negative priming effect
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
Impact of urease inhibitor on ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from temperate pasture soil cores receiving urea fertilizer and cattle urine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.02.018
Abstract: New Zealand's intensively grazed pastures receive the majority of nitrogen (N) input in the form of urea, which is the major constituent of animal urine and the most common form of mineral N in inorganic N fertilizers. In soil, urea is rapidly hydrolyzed to ammonium (NH4(+)) ions, a part of which may be lost as ammonia (NH3) and subsequently as nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a greenhouse gas. Two glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect of a urease inhibitor (UI), N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), commercially named Agrotain, applied with urine and urea on urea hydrolysis and NH3 and N2O emissions. Treatments included the commercially available products Sustain Yellow (urea+Agrotain+4% sulfur coating), Sustain Green (urea+Agrotain) and urea, and cattle urine (476 kg N ha(-1)) with and without Agrotain applied to intact soil cores of a fine sandy loam soil. The addition of Agrotain to urine and urea (i.e. Sustain Green) reduced NH3 emission by 22% to 47%, respectively. Agrotain was also effective in reducing N2O emissions from urine and Sustain Green by 62% and 48%, respectively. The reduction in N2O emissions varied with the type and amount of N applied and plant N uptake. Plant N uptake was significantly higher in the soil cores receiving Agrotain with urea than urea alone, but the slight increase in dry matter yield was non-significant. Hence, urease inhibitor reduced N losses through NH3 and N2O emissions, thereby increasing plant uptake of N.
Metal–organic framework composites as electrocatalysts for electrochemical sensing applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
An assessment of sulphide oxidation in abandoned base-metal tailings, Te Aroha, New Zealand
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00059-0
Abstract: Tailings from the Tui base-metal mine were characterized using a variety of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), to assess their potential for use as a plant growth medium. With the notable exception of Pb (10 568 mg kg(-1)), 'total' metal concentrations in the surface tailings (0-200mm) were relatively low (Cu, 113 Fe, 3660 Zn, 486 mg kg(-1)). The theoretical acid generating potential (TAGP) and 'total' concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn of the tailings, were found to increase greatly with depth, reflecting an increase in the abundance of chalcopyrite (CuFeS(2)), pyrite (FeS(2)) and sphalerite (ZnS), as detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. SEM micrographs indicate that the distribution of sulphide minerals in the tailings was originally uniform with depth. The depletion of Cu, Fe and Zn in the surface tailings is considered to be a result of sulphide oxidation, as evidenced by the craggy and highly irregular morphology of the sulphide particles and the high hydrogen ion activity (pH 2.3-4.0) in this zone. The persistence of high concentrations of acid-generating sulphide minerals between 200 and 600 mm has important implications in determining strategies for revegetating the tailings.
Importance of proton supply and calcium‐sink size in the dissolution of phosphate rock materials of different reactivity in soil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1992
Comparative analysis biochar and compost-induced degradation of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2018.01.002
Abstract: In recent years, biochar has been extensively studied as a sorbent for immobilizing contaminants and minimizing their bioavailability in soils. Few studies have been conducted to evaluate the interactions between biochar and compost in soils and their impact on degradation of organic contaminants. In the present study, soils with high organic carbon content (HOC) and low organic carbon content (LOC) were spiked with 100mg·kg
Lead in soils: sources, bioavailability, plant uptake, and remediation
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
Functional Relationships of Soil Acidification, Liming, and Greenhouse Gas Flux
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Biochar amendment increases the abundance and alters the community composition of diazotrophs in a double rice cropping system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2023
Competitive sorption of molybdate and phosphate in Andisols
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2012
Impacts of Abattoir Waste-Water Irrigation on Soil Fertility and Productivity
Publisher: InTech
Date: 06-05-2015
DOI: 10.5772/59312
Distribution and bioavailability of copper in farm effluent
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 20-06-2003
Cadmium solubility and bioavailability in soils amended with acidic and neutral biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.08.228
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the effects of acidic and neutral biochars on solubility and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) in soils with contrasting properties. Four Cd contaminated (50mg/kg) soils (EN: Entisol, AL: Andisol, VE: Vertisol, IN: Inceptisol) were amended with 5% acidic wood shaving biochar (WS, pH=3.25) and neutral chicken litter biochar (CL, pH=7.00). Following a 140-day incubation, the solubility and bioavailability/bioaccessibility of cadmium (Cd) were assessed. Results showed that both biochars had no effect on reducing soluble (pore water) and bioavailable (CaCl
Visualizing the emerging trends of biochar research and applications in 2019: a scientometric analysis and review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2020
Multiple-functionalized biochar affects rice yield and quality via regulating arsenic and lead redistribution and bacterial community structure in soils under different hydrological conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2022.130308
Abstract: Rice grown in soils contaminated with arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) can cause lower rice yield and quality due to the toxic stress. Herein, we examined the role of functionalized biochars (raw phosphorus (P)-rich (PBC) and iron (Fe)-modified P-rich (FePBC)) coupled with different irrigation regimes (continuously flooded (CF) and intermittently flooded (IF)) in affecting rice yield and accumulation of As and Pb in rice grain. Results showed that FePBC increased the rice yield under both CF (47.4%) and IF (19.6%) conditions, compared to the controls. Grain As concentration was higher under CF (1.94-2.42 mg kg
Chemodynamics of chromium reduction in soils: Implications to bioavailability
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.03.040
Abstract: Chromium toxicity in soils can be mitigated by reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) which is influenced by the presence of free Cr(VI) species in soil solution, and the supply of protons and electrons. In this study, the effects of Cr(VI) adsorption (i.e. availability of free Cr(VI) species in soil solution), soil pH (i.e. supply of protons) and three electron donor carbon sources [black carbon (BC), chicken manure biochar (CMB) and cow manure (CM)] on the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in soils were investigated. The results indicated that the rate of Cr(VI) reduction decreased with an increase in Cr(VI) adsorption and soil pH, which is attributed to decreased supply of free Cr(VI) ions and protons, respectively. Among the three different amendments tested, BC showed the highest rate of Cr(VI) reduction followed by CM and CMB. Furthermore, addition of BC, CM and CMB decreased the bioavailability of Cr(VI) in contaminated soils. The high efficiency of BC on Cr(VI) reduction was due to the electron donor's functional groups such as phenolic, hydroxyl, carbonyl and amides. The study demonstrated that free form of Cr(VI) ions in soil solution and carbon amendments enriched with acidic functional groups favored the reduction of Cr(VI), thereby mitigating its bioavailability and toxicity in contaminated soils.
Contrasting patterns and controls of soil carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions in coastal wetlands of China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2023
Chitin and crawfish shell biochar composite decreased heavy metal bioavailability and shifted rhizosphere bacterial community in an arsenic/lead co-contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Influence of biomass feedstocks on magnetic biochar preparation for efficient Pb(II) removal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Towards a better understanding of the role of Fe cycling in soil for carbon stabilization and degradation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S44246-022-00008-2
Abstract: Iron (Fe) minerals play an important role in stabilizing soil organic carbon (SOC). Fe-mediated SOC protection is mainly achieved through adsorption, co-precipitation, or aggregation. However, newly emerging evidence indicates that the electron transfer role of Fe exerts a crucial influence upon SOC turnover. In this review, we address the pathways of Fe mineral-associated soil organic carbon (Fe-SOC) formation and decomposition, and summarize the Fe-mediated biogeochemical, including redox reactions, and physical processes that control SOC cycling. The reduction of Fe can release SOC from Fe-SOC coprecipitates and Fe(III) cemented micro-aggregates, with the process also releasing CO 2 from the metabolic coupling of SOC oxidation and Fe reduction. The abiotic oxidation of Fe(II) by oxidants can also oxidize SOC to produce CO 2 due to reactive oxygen species production. Therefore, the functional roles of Fe on SOC sequestration may be a double-edged sword, and these processes are rarely explored concurrently. We conclude that the roles of Fe minerals in SOC stability depend on the properties of the Fe mineral, edaphic properties, and anthropogenic influence. We highlight knowledge gaps and promising directions of future research in redox-dynamic environments to optimize carbon storage in soil. Graphical Abstract
Biosolids: The Growing Potential for Use
Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited
Date: 30-08-2018
Stabilization of carbon in composts and biochars in relation to carbon sequestration and soil fertility
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.02.061
Abstract: There have been increasing interests in the conversion of organic residues into biochars in order to reduce the rate of decomposition, thereby enhancing carbon (C) sequestration in soils. However energy is required to initiate the pyrolysis process during biochar production which can also lead to the release of greenhouse gasses. Alternative methods can be used to stabilize C in composts and other organic residues without impacting their quality. The objectives of this study include: (i) to compare the rate of decomposition among various organic amendments and (ii) to examine the effect of clay materials on the stabilization of C in organic amendments. The decomposition of a number of organic amendments (composts and biochars) was examined by monitoring the release of carbon-dioxide using respiration experiments. The results indicated that the rate of decomposition as measured by half life (t(1/2)) varied between the organic amendments and was higher in sandy soil than in clay soil. The half life value ranged from 139 days in the sandy soil and 187 days in the clay soil for poultry manure compost to 9989 days for green waste biochar. Addition of clay materials to compost decreased the rate of decomposition, thereby increasing the stabilization of C. The half life value for poultry manure compost increased from 139 days to 620, 806 and 474 days with the addition of goethite, gibbsite and allophane, respectively. The increase in the stabilization of C with the addition of clay materials may be attributed to the immobilization of C, thereby preventing it from microbial decomposition. Stabilization of C in compost using clay materials did not impact negatively the value of composts in improving soil quality as measured by potentially mineralizable nitrogen and microbial biomass carbon in soil.
Mycolactone Gene Expression Is Controlled by Strong SigA-Like Promoters with Utility in Studies of Mycobacterium ulcerans and Buruli Ulcer
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-11-2009
Microplastics as pollutants in agricultural soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Assessment of the fertilizer potential of biochars produced from slow pyrolysis of biosolid and animal manures
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
In vivo phytotoxic effect of yttrium-oxide nanoparticles on the growth, uptake and translocation of tomato seedlings (Lycopersicon esculentum)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2022.113939
Abstract: The potential toxicity and ecological risks of rare-earth nanoparticles in the environment have become a concern due to their widespread application and inevitable releases. The integration of hydroponics experiments, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were utilized to investigate the physiological toxicity, uptake and translocation of yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y
Role of cultural and nutrient management practices in carbon sequestration in agricultural soil
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2020
Using Biochar-Based Nitrogen Fertilizers to Enhance the Productivity of Low Fertility Soils
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 07-04-2023
Reductive evolution and niche adaptation inferred from the genome of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 08-01-2007
DOI: 10.1101/GR.5942807
Abstract: Mycobacterium ulcerans is found in aquatic ecosystems and causes Buruli ulcer in humans, a neglected but devastating necrotic disease of subcutaneous tissue that is r ant throughout West and Central Africa. Here, we report the complete 5.8-Mb genome sequence of M. ulcerans and show that it comprises two circular replicons, a chromosome of 5632 kb and a virulence plasmid of 174 kb. The plasmid is required for production of the polyketide toxin mycolactone, which provokes necrosis. Comparisons with the recently completed 6.6-Mb genome of Mycobacterium marinum revealed % nucleotide sequence identity and genome-wide synteny. However, as well as the plasmid, M. ulcerans has accumulated 213 copies of the insertion sequence IS 2404 , 91 copies of IS 2606 , 771 pseudogenes, two bacteriophages, and multiple DNA deletions and rearrangements. These data indicate that M. ulcerans has recently evolved via lateral gene transfer and reductive evolution from the generalist, more rapid-growing environmental species M. marinum to become a niche-adapted specialist. Predictions based on genome inspection for the production of modified mycobacterial virulence factors, such as the highly abundant phthiodiolone lipids, were confirmed by structural analyses. Similarly, 11 protein-coding sequences identified as M. ulcerans -specific by comparative genomics were verified as such by PCR screening a erse collection of 33 strains of M. ulcerans and M. marinum . This work offers significant insight into the biology and evolution of mycobacterial pathogens and is an important component of international efforts to counter Buruli ulcer.
Comparative study on Cronobacter sakazakii and Pseudomonas otitidis isolated from septic tank wastewater in microbial fuel cell for bioelectricity generation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Adsorption and Desorption of Copper in Pasture Soils
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2005
Rice residue management in the Indo-Gangetic Plains for climate and food security. A review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-09-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S13593-022-00817-0
Abstract: This paper reviews and analyzes the impact of residue burning on the environment and human health, and the influence of ex-situ and in-situ residue management on reducing pollution and improving soil health, crop yield, and farmers’ economic benefits. Paddy is cultivated on 43.8 Mha in India, producing 118.43 Mt grain and an estimated 165.8 Mt straw. Burning is the most common practice for managing rice crop residues mainly due to its simplicity, low cost, increased mechanical harvesting, short window between rice harvest and wheat sowing, and lack of viable uses for residues. Around 50 Mt of rice straw is burned annually, nearly half of which occurs in northwestern India during October/November. Burning residue is a major contributor to air pollution, emitting around 1.5 Mt particulate matter, 150 Mt carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases (e.g., NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, CH 4 , NH 3 ) and volatile organic compounds, resulting in a wide range of respiratory infections in humans, reduced soil nutrient and carbon inputs, and disturbed soil microbial activity. In-situ residue management using a Happy Seeder, Super straw management system, paddy straw chopper cum spreader, reversible moldboard plow, or no-till seeder incorporates or mulches residues, avoiding burnings. These operations are economically profitable as they reduce costs, increase yields, or both. In-situ residue management, i.e., incorporation or mulching improves the soil’s physical, chemical and biological properties and is considered better for improving soil health than residue removal. Ex-situ residue management for biofuel, biochar, electricity generation or bale making is also profitable for the environment and reduces pollutant emissions.
Phytoremediation of Metal-Polluted Soils by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2012
Management of biosolids-derived hydrochar (Sewchar): Effect on plant germination, and farmers' acceptance
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.02.042
Abstract: Hydrothermal carbonization is a promising approach of biosolids management and its utilization as a soil amendment. This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of hydrothermally converted biosolids (Sewchar) and its effect as a potential soil amendment on the growth of rice, beans, and radish. The germination experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized design using five Sewchar doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 60 Mg ha
Combined resource utilization of ash from biomass power generation and wheat straw biochar for soil remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Evaluation of soil chemical properties irrigated with recycled wastewater under partial root-zone drying irrigation for sustainable tomato production
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Mycobacterium ulcerans and Other Mycolactone-Producing Mycobacteria Should Be Considered a Single Species
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-07-2010
Increasing tolerance of hospital Enterococcus faecium to handwash alcohols
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1126/SCITRANSLMED.AAR6115
Abstract: Alcohol-based disinfectants and particularly hand rubs are a key way to control hospital infections worldwide. Such disinfectants restrict transmission of pathogens, such as multidrug-resistant
A review of plants formaldehyde metabolism: Implications for hazardous emissions and phytoremediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2022.129304
Abstract: The wide use of hazardous formaldehyde (CH
Identifying the best materials for the removal of airborne toluene based on performance metrics - A critical review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Application of Biochar Produced From Biowaste Materials for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Agriculture Production
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Phosphorus recovery and reuse from waste streams
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Microbial Transformation of Trace Elements in Soils in Relation to Bioavailability and Remediation
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2013
Sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2017.08.005
Abstract: The last few decades have seen the rise of alternative medical approaches including the use of herbal supplements, natural products, and traditional medicines, which are collectively known as 'Complementary medicines'. However, there are increasing concerns on the safety and health benefits of these medicines. One of the main hazards with the use of complementary medicines is the presence of heavy metal(loid)s such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). This review deals with the characteristics of complementary medicines in terms of heavy metal(loid)s sources, distribution, bioavailability, toxicity, and human risk assessment. The heavy metal(loid)s in these medicines are derived from uptake by medicinal plants, cross-contamination during processing, and therapeutic input of metal(loid)s. This paper discusses the distribution of heavy metal(loid)s in these medicines, in terms of their nature, concentration, and speciation. The importance of determining bioavailability towards human health risk assessment was emphasized by the need to estimate daily intake of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines. The review ends with selected case studies of heavy metal(loid) toxicity from complementary medicines with specific reference to As, Cd, Pb, and Hg. The future research opportunities mentioned in the conclusion of review will help researchers to explore new avenues, methodologies, and approaches to the issue of heavy metal(loid)s in complementary medicines, thereby generating new regulations and proposing fresh approach towards safe use of these medicines.
Combined maize straw-biochar and oxalic acids induced a relay activity of abundant specific degraders for efficient phenanthrene degradation: Evidence based on the DNA-SIP technology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.119867
Abstract: Biochar-oxalic acid composite application (BCOA) have shown to be efficient in the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated soil, but the functional degraders and the mechanism of improving biodegradation remains unclear. In this study, with the help of stable isotope probing technology of phenanthrene (Phe), we determined that BCOA significantly improved Phe mineralization by 2.1 times, which was ascribed to the increased numbers and abundances of functional degraders. The BCOA increased contents of dissolved organic carbon and available nutrients and decreased pH values in soil, thus promoting the activity, ersity and close cooperation of the functional Phe-degraders, and stimulating their functions associated with Phe degradation. In addition, there is a relay activity among more and erse functional Phe-degraders in the soil with BCOA. Specifically, Pullulanibacillus persistently participated in Phe-degradation in the soil with BCOA throughout the incubation period. Moreover, Pullulanibacillus, Blastococcus, Alsobacter, Ramlibacter, and Mizugakiibacter were proved to be potential Phe-degraders in soil for the first time. The specific Phe degraders and their relay and cooperation activity in soils as impacted by BCOA were first identified with DNA-stable isotope probing technology. Our findings provided a novel perspective to understand the efficient degradation of PAH in the BCOA treatments, revealed the potential of soil native microbes in the efficient bioremediation of PAH-contaminated natural soil, and provided a basis for the development of in-situ phytoremediation technologies to remediate PAH pollution in future.
Biosynthesis and Mass Spectrometric Imaging of Tolaasin, the Virulence Factor of Brown Blotch Mushroom Disease
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2013
A nanomechanical study of the effects of colistin on the Klebsiella pneumoniae AJ218 capsule
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00249-016-1178-2
Abstract: Atomic force microscopy measurements of capsule thickness revealed that that the wild-type Klebsiella pneumoniae AJ218 capsular polysaccharides were rearranged by exposure to colistin. The increase in capsule thickness measured near minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) is consistent with the idea that colistin displaces the alent cations that cross-bridge adjacent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules through the capsule network. Cryo-electron microscopy demonstrated that the measured capsule thickness at near MIC/MBC of 1.2 μM was inflated by the disrupted outer membrane, through which the capsule is excreted and LPS is bound. Since wild-type and capsule-deficient strains of K. pneumoniae AJ218 have equivalent MICs and MBCs, the presence of the capsule appeared to confer no protection against colistin in AJ218. A spontaneously arising colistin mutant showed a tenfold increase in resistance to colistin genetic analysis identified a single amino acid substitution (Q95P) in the PmrB sensor kinase in this colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae AJ218. Modification of the lipid A component of the LPS could result in a reduction of the net-negative charge of the outer membrane, which could hinder binding of colistin to the outer membrane and displacement of the alent cations that bridge adjacent LPS molecules throughout the capsular polysaccharide network. Retention of the cross-linking alent cations may explain why measurements of capsule thickness did not change significantly in the colistin-resistant strain after colistin exposure. These results contrast with those for other K. pneumoniae strains that suggest that the capsule confers colistin resistance.
Pyrogenic carbon and its role in contaminant immobilization in soils
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-05-2017
Effects of irrigating dairy-grazed grassland with farm dairy effluent on nitrous oxide emissions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2008
Chemical Bioavailability in the Terrestrial Environment – recent advances
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Synergistic Effect of Multiple Metals Present at Slightly Lower Concentration than the Australian Investigation Level Can Induce Phytotoxicity
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/LAND12030698
Abstract: An in idual trace metal present in a soil at its ecological screening value or investigation level (trigger/threshold) is expected to cause phytotoxicity. However, phytotoxicity may be induced by a mixture of multiple metals, each present at a concentration lower than the corresponding investigation level. To investigate the accumulative impact of metals present below their in idual investigation levels, three successive phytotoxicity trials were conducted in a greenhouse using the triticale plant CrackerJack (Triticosecale rimpaui), a cereal crop, in a sandy acidic soil treated jointly with Cd, Cu, and Zn at various rates. Seed germination and seedling growth were monitored. The metal rates in the first two trials were either too toxic or nontoxic. In the third trial, it was found that the mixture of Cd, Cu, and Zn at rates of 2.5, 97.5, and 188 mg kg−1, respectively, did not affect seed germination, but caused a slight reduction in plant growth. Although metal concentrations used were lower than the Australian Ecological Investigation Level (Urban) for Cd, Cu, and Zn, which are 3.0, 100, and 200 mg kg−1, respectively, the reduction occurred due to synergy. It was concluded that, to enhance the usefulness of environmental investigation limits, the synergistic effects of multiple metals present at levels slightly below the established limits must be considered.
The Nargenicin Family of Oxa‐Bridged Macrolide Antibiotics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-12-2020
Abstract: The nargenicin family of antibiotic macrolides comprise a group of bacterial natural products with a rare ether bridged cis ‐decalin moiety and a narrow spectrum of activity. Most family members were identified almost four decades ago and were placed on the shelf due to the numbers of broad‐spectrum compounds available at the time. However, in light of rising rates of antimicrobial resistance, there has been a renewed interest in the use of narrow‐spectrum antimicrobials. Here, we review the history of this family of compounds, including synthetic approaches, and highlight the recently uncovered genetic basis for nargenicin production. Given the renewed pharmaceutical interest in these compounds, we also investigate structure–activity relationships among these molecules, with a view to the future development of members of this unusual antibiotic family.
Differential toxicity of potentially toxic elements to human gut microbes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.134958
Abstract: Specific microorganisms in the human gut (i.e., gut microbes) provide mutually beneficial outcomes such as microbial balance by inhibiting the growth of pathogenic organisms, immune system modulation, fermentation of ingested products, and vitamin production. The intake of contaminants including potenially toxic elements (PTEs) can occur through food, air, water and some medicines. The gut microbes not only can be affected by environmental contaminants but they themselves can alter the speciation and bioavailability of these contaminants. This research work was designed to demonstrate the relationship between increasing level of selected PTEs including As, Cd, Pb and Hg on the growth of selected gut microbes. The toxicity of above mentioned PTEs to three gut bacteria (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escherichia coli) was examined. While the toxicity of all the cationic PTEs including Cd, Pb and Hg towards gut bacteria decreased with increasing pH, the anionic As species exhibited an opposite effect. The order of toxicity was Hg > Cd > Pb > As(III)>As(V) for E. coli and Hg > Cd > As(III)>Pb > As(V) for the two Lactobacillus sp. Arsenite (AsIII) showed higher toxicity than arsenate (AsV) to gut bacteria. While As is an anion, Cd, Pb and Hg are cations and hence their binding capacity to the bacterial cell wall varied based on the charge dependent functional groups. However, the toxic effects of PTEs for a bacteria are controlled by their speciation and bioavailability.
Influence of calcium carbonate on the dissolution of Sechura phosphate rock in soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF01054398
Ionic strength effects on surface charge and adsorption of phosphate and sulphate by soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-1986
Particulate plastics-plant interaction in soil and its implications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Lead immobilization and bioavailability in microbial and root interface
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.02.010
Abstract: A range of both soluble and insoluble phosphate (P) compounds have been used to immobilize Pb in solution and soil. However, these compounds have limitations because of low solubility or leaching of P. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can be used to enhance the solubility of insoluble P compounds. The effects of PSB on the immobilization of Pb in the presence of phosphate rock (PR) and subsequent reduction in Pb uptake by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) in nutrient agar medium and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in soil under sterile condition were tested. Root colonization of PSB was confirmed by halo formation around the root in the medium containing tricalcium phosphate. Addition of PR in the presence of PSB immobilized Pb in both agar medium and soil, and reduced Pb translocation from root to shoot. Furthermore, shoot Pb concentrations of Indian mustard in agar medium and ryegrass in soil were decreased by 58.1% and 22.8%, respectively, compared to the control. Even though soluble P compound was the most effective in the immobilization of Pb, excess P may cause eutrophication. Therefore, PSB are suggested as a co-amendment to facilitate immobilization of Pb without causing any detrimental effect on the environment.
Effects of temperature and amendments on nitrogen mineralization in selected Australian soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-2191-Y
Abstract: The effects of temperature (18, 24, and 37 °C) and form of nitrogen (N) input from various sources (organic-green waste compost, biosolids, and chicken manure inorganic-urea) on N transformation in three different Australian soils with varying pH (4.30, 7.09, and 9.15) were examined. Ammonification rate (ammonium concentration) increased with increase in temperature in all soil types. The effect of temperature on nitrification rate (nitrate concentration) followed 24 > 37 > 18 °C. Nitrification rate was higher in neutral and alkaline soils than acidic soil. Mineral N (bioavailable N) concentration was high in urea treatments than in organic N source treatments in all soil types. Acidic soil lacked nitrification activity resulting in low nitrate (NO3) buildup in urea treatment, whereas a significant NO3 buildup was noticed in green waste compost treatment. In neutral and alkaline soils, the nitrification activity was low at 37 °C in urea treatment but with a significant NO3 buildup in organic amendment added soils. Addition of organic N sources supplied ammonia oxidizing bacteria thereby triggering nitrification in the soils (even at 37 °C). This study posits the following implications: (1) inorganic fertilizer accumulate high NO3 content in soils in a short period of incubation, thereby becoming a potential source of NO3 leaching (2) organic N sources can serve as possible source of nitrifying bacteria, thereby increasing bioavailable N (NO3) in soils regardless of the soil properties and temperature.
Estimating leaching losses from sub‐surface drained soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1994
A strategy for bioremediation of nuclear contaminants in the environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Adsorption and immobilization performance of pine-cone pristine and engineered biochars for antimony in aqueous solution and military shooting range soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120723
Abstract: Antimony (Sb-V), a carcinogenic metalloid, is becoming prevalent in water and soil due to anthropogenic activities. Biochar could be an effective remedy for Sb(V)-contaminated water and soil. In this study, we used pristine and engineered pinecone-derived biochar as an innovative approach for treating Sb(V)-contaminated water and shooting range soil. Biochar was produced from pine-cone waste (pristine biochar) and enriched with Fe and Al salts via saturation (engineered biochar). Adsorption tests in water revealed that iron-modified biochar showed higher adsorption capacity (8.68 mg g
Effect of lime on the dissolution of two phosphate rocks in acid soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1992
Modified Biochar for Arsenic Immobilization in Soil: A Critical Review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-08-2023
Efficient removal of antimonate from water by yttrium-based metal-organic framework
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Soil organic carbon dynamics: Impact of land use changes and management practices: A review
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Maturity indices in co-composting of chicken manure and sawdust with biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2014.02.123
Abstract: Several maturity indices were evaluated for in-vessel co-composting of chicken manure and pine sawdust with three different biochars. All the seven mixtures (piles) contained chicken manure and sawdust. Six of these piles contained biochar each biochar was added at two rates, 5% and 10% wet weight. The maturity of composts was assessed by C/N, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), seed germination, NO3(-)-N/NH4(+)-N, and the Solvita test. The C/N values of finished composts were from 31.5 to 35.7, which were much higher than the optimum value of 21 for matured compost. Nevertheless, the rest of the parameters indicated that the composts were matured. The C/N values were high because of the high amount of recalcitrant carbon present in the feedstocks: biochar and sawdust. Biochar treated piles showed higher respiration as well as decomposition of DOC indicating higher microbial activity. Use of biochar in composting may reduce NH3 emission and nitrate leaching.
Co-composting solid biowastes with alkaline materials to enhance carbon stabilization and revegetation potential
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-015-5411-9
Abstract: Co-composting biowastes such as manures and biosolids can be used to stabilize carbon (C) without impacting the quality of these biowastes. This study investigated the effect of co-composting biowastes with alkaline materials on C stabilization and monitored the fertilization and revegetation values of these co-composts. The stabilization of C in biowastes (poultry manure and biosolids) was examined by their composting in the presence of various alkaline amendments (lime, fluidized bed boiler ash, flue gas desulphurization gypsum, and red mud) for 6 months in a controlled environment. The effects of co-composting on the biowastes' properties were assessed for different physical C fractions, microbial biomass C, priming effect, potentially mineralizable nitrogen, bioavailable phosphorus, and revegetation of an urban landfill soil. Co-composting biowastes with alkaline materials increased C stabilization, attributed to interaction with alkaline materials, thereby protecting it from microbial decomposition. The co-composted biowastes also increased the fertility of the landfill soil, thereby enhancing its revegetation potential. Stabilization of biowastes using alkaline materials through co-composting maintains their fertilization value in terms of improving plant growth. The co-composted biowastes also contribute to long-term soil C sequestration and reduction of bioavailability of heavy metals.
Anticancer Thiosemicarbazones: Chemical Properties, Interaction with Iron Metabolism, and Resistance Development
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 10-03-2019
Abstract: During the past decades, thiosemicarbazones were clinically developed for a variety of diseases, including tuberculosis, viral infections, malaria, and cancer. With regard to malignant diseases, the class of α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones, and here especially 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (Triapine), was intensively developed in multiple clinical phase I/II trials. Recent Advances: Very recently, two new derivatives, namely COTI-2 and di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) have entered phase I evaluation. Based on the strong metal-chelating/metal-interacting properties of thiosemicarbazones, interference with the cellular iron (and copper) homeostasis is assumed to play an important role in their biological activity. In this review, we summarize and analyze the data on the interaction of (α-N-heterocyclic) thiosemicarbazones with iron, with the special aim of bridging the current knowledge on their mode of action from chemistry to (cell) biology. In addition, we highlight the difference to classical iron(III) chelators such as desferrioxamine (DFO), which are used for the treatment of iron overload. We want to emphasize that thiosemicarbazones are not solely removing iron from the cells/organism. In contrast, they should be considered as iron-interacting drugs influencing erse biological pathways in a complex and multi-faceted mode of action. Consequently, in addition to the discussion of physicochemical properties (e.g., complex stability, redox activity), this review contains an overview on the ersity of cellular thiosemicarbazone targets and drug resistance mechanisms.
Mobilization of contaminants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.156373
Abstract: Land treatment has become an essential waste management practice. Therefore, soil becomes a major source of contaminants including organic chemicals and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which enter the food chain, primarily through leaching to potable water sources, plant uptake, and animal transfer. A range of soil amendments are used to manage the mobility of contaminants and subsequently their bioavailability. Various soil amendments, like desorbing agents, surfactants, and chelating agents, have been applied to increase contaminant mobility and bioavailability. These mobilizing agents are applied to increase the contaminant removal though phytoremediation, bioremediation, and soil washing. However, possible leaching of the mobilized pollutants during soil washing is a major limitation, particularly when there is no active plant uptake. This leads to groundwater contamination and toxicity to plants and soil biota. In this context, the present review provides an overview on various soil amendments used to enhance the bioavailability and mobility of organic and inorganic contaminants, thereby facilitating increased risk when soil is remediated in polluted areas. The unintended consequences of the mobilization methods, when used to remediate polluted sites, are discussed in relation to the leaching of mobilized contaminants when active plant growth is absent. The toxicity of targeted and non-targeted contaminants to microbial communities and higher plants is also discussed. Finally, this review work summarizes the existing research gaps in various contaminant mobilization approaches, and prospects for future research.
Potential value of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of mixed heavy metal contaminants in shooting range soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.05.172
Abstract: Shooting range soils contain mixed heavy metal contaminants including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). Phosphate (P) compounds have been used to immobilize these metals, particularly Pb, thereby reducing their bioavailability. However, research on immobilization of Pb's co-contaminants showed the relative importance of soluble and insoluble P compounds, which is critical in evaluating the overall success of in situ stabilization practice in the sustainable remediation of mixed heavy metal contaminated soils. Soluble synthetic P fertilizer (diammonium phosphate DAP) and reactive (Sechura SPR) and unreactive (Christmas Island CPR) natural phosphate rocks (PR) were tested for Cd, Pb and Zn immobilization and later their mobility and bioavailability in a shooting range soil. The addition of P compounds resulted in the immobilization of Cd, Pb and Zn by 1.56-76.2%, 3.21-83.56%, and 2.31-74.6%, respectively. The reactive SPR significantly reduced Cd, Pb and Zn leaching while soluble DAP increased their leachate concentrations. The SPR reduced the bioaccumulation of Cd, Pb and Zn in earthworms by 7.13-23.4% and 14.3-54.6% in comparison with earthworms in the DAP and control treatment, respectively. Bioaccessible Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations as determined using a simplified bioaccessibility extraction test showed higher long-term stability of P-immobilized Pb and Zn than Cd. The differential effect of P-induced immobilization between P compounds and metals is due to the variation in the solubility characteristics of P compounds and nature of metal phosphate compounds formed. Therefore, Pb and Zn immobilization by P compounds is an effective long-term remediation strategy for mixed heavy metal contaminated soils.
Role of biochar as an additive in organic waste composting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2017.09.193
Abstract: The use of biochar in organic waste composting has attracted interest in the last decade due to the environmental and agronomical benefits obtained during the process. Biochar presents favourable physicochemical properties, such as large porosity, surface area and high cation exchange capacity, enabling interaction with major nutrient cycles and favouring microbial growth in the composting pile. The enhanced environmental conditions can promote a change in the microbial communities that can affect important microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles: organic matter degradation and humification, nitrification, denitrification and methanogenesis. The main benefits of the use of biochar in composting are reviewed in this article, with special attention to those related to the process performance, compost microbiology, organic matter degradation and humification, reduction of N losses and greenhouse gas emissions and fate of heavy metals.
Clay minerals as the key to the sequestration of carbon in soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2020
A comprehensive review on enhancing nutrient use efficiency and productivity of broadacre (arable) crops with the combined utilization of compost and fertilizers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.115395
Abstract: Broadacre (arable) crops generally require a relatively higher nutrient input toward yield targets. The efficient use of nutrients in arable farmlands is very vital to this endeavor. It minimizes fertilizer input and adverse soil and environmental implications that may arise from the incremental use of fertilizers. It is understood that enhancing the natural capacity of the soil (i.e., the soil's physical, chemical, and biological quality), may effectively improve soil nutrient dynamics, availability, and efficient use by crops. The adoption of integrated nutrient management (INM) approaches such as the organic amendment of the soil in addition to fertilizer use has shown positive impacts on maintaining and recovering soil quality, hence lowering excessive fertilizer use in farmlands. Therefore, this review contextualized the effect of compost and fertilizer on nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and productivity of broadacre crops. The use of compost as an organic soil amendment material has shown some inherently unique advantages and beneficial impacts on soil health and fertility such as improved soil structure, nutrient retention, mobilization, and bioavailability. Several studies have explored these comparative advantages by either blending compost with chemical fertilizer before soil application or a co-application and have noted the observed amelioration of unfavorable soil conditions such as low porosity, high bulk density, low organic matter (OM), unfavorable pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), low biological activities with different doses of compost. Consequently, the co-utilization of composts and chemical fertilizers may become viable substitutes for chemical fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility, improving NUE, and crop yield in farmlands. The review further described the comparative environmental and economic implications of adopting the combined utilization of compost and fertilizers in farmlands.
Survival difference according to mutation status in a prospective cohort study of Australian patients with metastatic non‐small‐cell lung carcinoma
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1111/IMJ.13491
Abstract: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease comprising not only different histological subtypes but also different molecular subtypes. To describe the frequency of oncogenic drivers in patients with metastatic NSCLC, the proportion of patients tested and survival difference according to mutation status in a single-institution study. Metastatic NSCLC patients enrolled in a prospective Thoracic Malignancies Cohort Study between July 2012 and August 2016 were selected. Patients underwent molecular testing for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangements, Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS), B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) mutations and ROS1 gene rearrangements. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method for groups of interest, and comparisons were made using the log-rank test. A total of 392 patients were included, 43% of whom were female with median age of 64 years (28-92). Of 296 patients tested, 172 patients (58%) were positive for an oncogenic driver: 81 patients (27%) were EGFR positive, 25 patients (9%) were ALK positive, 57 patients (19%) had KRAS mutation and 9 patients (3%) were ROS1 or BRAF positive. Patients with an actionable mutation (EGFR/ALK) had a survival advantage when compared with patients who were mutation negative (hazard ratio (HR) 0.49 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33-0.71 P < 0.01). Survival difference between mutation negative and mutation status unknown was not statistically significant when adjusted for confounding factors in a multivariate analysis (HR 1.29 95% CI 0.97-1.78, P = 0.08). In this prospective cohort, the presence of an actionable mutation was the strongest predictor of overall survival. These results confirm the importance of molecular testing and suggest likely survival benefit of identification and treatment of actionable oncogenes.
Integrated treatment of farm effluents in New Zealand’s dairy operations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2009.03.004
Abstract: Maintaining growth through intensification in the New Zealand dairy industry is a challenge for various reasons, in particular sustainably managing the large volumes of effluent. Dairy farm effluents have traditionally been treated using two-pond systems that are effective in the removal of carbon and suspended solids, however limited in their ability to remove nutrients. In the past these nutrient-rich two-pond treated effluents were disposed of in surface waters. Current environmental concerns associated with the direct discharge of these effluents to surface waters has prompted in developing technologies to either minimise the nutrient content of the effluent or apply effluents to land. Here, we discuss various approaches and methods of treatment that enable producers to sustainably manage farm effluents, including advanced pond treatment systems, stripping techniques to reduce nutrient concentration, land application strategies involving nutrient budgeting models to minimise environmental degradation and enhance fodder quality. We also discuss alternative uses of farm effluents to produce energy and animal feed.
From mine to mind and mobiles – Lithium contamination and its risk management
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Effect of seaweeds on degradation of DDT in soils topical collection on remediation of site contamination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2013
Insights into simultaneous adsorption and oxidation of antimonite [Sb(III)] by crawfish shell-derived biochar: spectroscopic investigation and theoretical calculations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S42773-022-00161-2
Abstract: Removal of antimonite [Sb(III)] from the aquatic environment and reducing its biotoxicity is urgently needed to safeguard environmental and human health. Herein, crawfish shell-derived biochars (CSB), pyrolyzed at 350, 500, and 650 ° C, were used to remediate Sb(III) in aqueous solutions. The adsorption data best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Biochar produced at 350 ° C (CSB350) showed the highest adsorption capacity (27.7 mg g − 1 ), and the maximum 78% oxidative conversion of Sb(III) to Sb(V). The adsorption results complemented with infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy analyses indicated that the adsorption of Sb(III) on CSB involved electrostatic interaction, surface complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups (C = O, O = C–O), π–π coordination with aromatic C = C and C–H groups, and H-bonding with –OH group. Density functional theory calculations verified that surface complexation was the most dominant adsorption mechanism, whilst π–π coordination and H-bonding played a secondary role. Furthermore, electron spin resonance (ESR) and mediated electrochemical reduction/oxidation (MER/MEO) analyses confirmed that Sb(III) oxidation at the biochar surface was governed by persistent free radicals (PFRs) (•O 2 − and •OH) and the electron donating/accepting capacity (EDC/EAC) of biochar. The abundance of preferable surface functional groups, high concentration of PFRs, and high EDC conferred CSB350 the property of an optimal adsorbent/oxidant for Sb(III) removal from water. The encouraging results of this study call for future trials to apply suitable biochar for removing Sb(III) from wastewater at pilot scale and optimize the process.
Role of phosphorus in (im)mobilization and bioavailability of heavy metals in the soil-plant system
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2003
Abstract: A large number of studies have provided conclusive evidence for the potential value of both water-soluble (e.g.. DAP) and water-insoluble (e.g., apatite, also known as PRs) P compounds to immobilize metals in soils, thereby reducing their bioavailability for plant uptake. It is, however, important to recognize that, depending on the nature of P compounds and the heavy metal species, application of these materials can cause either mobilization or immobilization of the metals. Furthermore, some of these materials contain high levels of metals and can act as an agent of metal introduction to soils. Accordingly. these materials should be scrutinized before their large-scale use as immobilizing agent in contaminated sites. Although mobilization by certain P compounds enhances the bioavailability of metals, immobilization inhibits their plant uptake and reduces their transport in soils and subsequent groundwater contamination. Whenever phytoremediation of contaminated sites is practicable, appropriate P compounds can be used to enhance the bioavailability of metals for plant uptake. Removal of metals through phytoremediation techniques and the subsequent recovery of the metals or their safe disposal are attracting research and commercial interests. Phosphate compounds can be used to enhance the solubilization of metals, leading to their increased uptake by plants. However, when it is not possible to remove the metals from the contaminated sites by phytoremediation, other viable options such as in situ immobilization should be considered as an integral part of risk management. One way to facilitate such immobilization is by altering the physicochemical properties of the metal-soil complex by introducing a multipurpose anion, such as phosphate, that enhances metal adsorption via anion-induced negative charge (i.e., CEC) and metal precipitation. It is important to recognize that large-scale use of P compounds can lead to surface and groundwater contamination of this element. It is therefore, important that future research should aim to focus on the role of P compounds on in situ remediation and natural attenuation in metal-contaminated sites, with minimum impact of P on quality of water sources.
Characterization and improvement in physical, chemical, and biological properties of mine wastes
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 08-09-2018
Biochar-microorganism interactions for organic pollutant remediation: Challenges and perspectives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.119609
Abstract: Numerous harmful chemicals are introduced every year in the environment through anthropogenic and geological activities raising global concerns of their ecotoxicological effects and decontamination strategies. Biochar technology has been recognized as an important pillar for recycling of biomass, contributing to the carbon capture and bioenergy industries, and remediation of contaminated soil, sediments and water. This paper aims to critically review the application potential of biochar with a special focus on the synergistic and antagonistic effects on contaminant-degrading microorganisms in single and mixed-contaminated systems. Owing to the high specific surface area, porous structure, and compatible surface chemistry, biochar can support the proliferation and activity of contaminant-degrading microorganisms. A combination of biochar and microorganisms to remove a variety of contaminants has gained popularity in recent years alongside traditional chemical and physical remediation technologies. The microbial compatibility of biochar can be improved by optimizing the surface parameters so that toxic pollutant release is minimized, biofilm formation is encouraged, and microbial populations are enhanced. Biocompatible biochar thus shows potential in the bioremediation of organic contaminants by harboring microbial populations, releasing contaminant-degrading enzymes, and protecting beneficial microorganisms from immediate toxicity of surrounding contaminants. This review recommends that biochar-microorganism co-deployment holds a great potential for the removal of contaminants thereby reducing the risk of organic contaminants to human and environmental health.
Stage-specific response of litter decomposition to N and S amendments in a subtropical forest soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-04-2016
Sources and management of acid mine drainage
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 08-09-2017
Chemical Characterization of Mine Sites
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 08-09-2017
A Supervised Statistical Learning Approach For Accurate Legionella pneumophila Source Attribution During Outbreaks
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 02-05-2017
DOI: 10.1101/133033
Abstract: Public health agencies are increasingly relying on genomics during Legionnaires’ disease investigations. However, the causative bacterium ( Legionella pneumophila ) has an unusual population structure with extreme temporal and spatial genome sequence conservation. Furthermore, Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks can be caused by multiple L. pneumophila genotypes in a single source. These factors can confound cluster identification using standard phylogenomic methods. Here, we show that a statistical learning approach based on L. pneumophila core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) comparisons eliminates ambiguity for defining outbreak clusters and accurately predicts exposure sources for clinical cases. We illustrate the performance of our method by genome comparisons of 234 L. pneumophila isolates obtained from patients and cooling towers in Melbourne, Australia between 1994 and 2014. This collection included one of the largest reported Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks, involving 125 cases at an aquarium. Using only sequence data from L. pneumophila cooling tower isolates and including all core genome variation, we built a multivariate model using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) to find cooling tower-specific genomic signatures, and then used it to predict the origin of clinical isolates. Model assignments were 93% congruent with epidemiological data, including the aquarium Legionnaires’ outbreak and three other unrelated outbreak investigations. We applied the same approach to a recently described investigation of Legionnaires’ disease within a UK hospital and observed model predictive ability of 86%. We have developed a promising means to breach L. pneumophila genetic ersity extremes and provide objective source attribution data for outbreak investigations.
Mechanistic insights into simultaneous removal of copper, cadmium and arsenic from water by iron oxide-functionalized magnetic imogolite nanocomposites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2019.104937
Abstract: Particulate plastics in the terrestrial and aquatic environments are small plastic fragments or beads (i.e., 5 mm down to the nanometre range). They have been frequently referred to as 'micro-plastics' or 'nano-plastics'. Research has identified particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace elements in the environment. The adsorption of toxic trace elements by particulate plastics may be facilitated by their high surface area and functionalized surfaces (e.g., through the attachment of natural organic matter). Other factors, such as environmental conditions (e.g., pH and water salinity), surface charge, and trace element oxidation status, also influence the adsorption of trace elements onto particulate plastics. Because of their small size and persistence, particulate plastics and the associated toxic trace elements are readily ingested and accumulated in many terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Thus, these plastics can have severe environmental consequences, such as the development of metal toxicity, within aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Humans could also become exposed to particulate plastics through food chain contamination and airborne ingestion. This review provides an overview of the sources of particulate plastics in the environment. To this end, we describe particulate plastics made of synthetic polymers, their origin, and characteristics with emphasis on how particulate plastics and associated toxic trace elements contaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Future research needs and strategies are discussed to help reduce the environmental risks of particulate plastics as a potent vector for the transportation of toxic trace elements.
Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-04-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1659-0
Abstract: Soil contamination with heavy metals and organic pollutants has increasingly become a serious global environmental issue in recent years. Considerable efforts have been made to remediate contaminated soils. Biochar has a large surface area, and high capacity to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. Biochar can potentially be used to reduce the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils through adsorption and other physicochemical reactions. Biochar is typically an alkaline material which can increase soil pH and contribute to stabilization of heavy metals. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soils may provide a new solution to the soil pollution problem. This paper provides an overview on the impact of biochar on the environmental fate and mobility of heavy metals and organic pollutants in contaminated soils and its implication for remediation of contaminated soils. Further research directions are identified to ensure a safe and sustainable use of biochar as a soil amendment for remediation of contaminated soils.
Sorption and degradation of phorate as influenced by soil depth
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1071/S96097
Abstract: The sorption and degradation of a non-ionic insecticide (phorate) were examined using 14 soil s les collected at different depths from 2 soil types (Tokomaru and Egmont) which differed in their organic matter and clay mineralogy. Organic carbon and biological activity, as measured by substrate-induced respiration (SIR), decreased with soil depth. Sorption of phorate, as measured by the distribution coefficients (Kd), was greater for the Egmont than for the Tokomaru soil and decreased with depth for both soils. The difference in Kd values between the soils and soil depths was related mainly to the difference in the amount of organic carbon. The rate of degradation, as measured by the half-life (t1/2), decreased with soil depth except for the last 2 depths. The initial decrease in the rate of degradation was attributed to the decrease in the biological activity with depth. In the last 2 depths, since the sorption was low, most of the phorate tended to remain in soil solution, resulting in a slight increase in the rate of degradation. These results suggest that the changes in soil organic carbon with depth may be a reasonable indicator of microbial activity and subsequent changes in the rate of pesticide degradation as a function of soil depth.
Effects of acidic and neutral biochars on properties and cadmium retention of soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.04.014
Abstract: In this study, an acidic biochar and a neutral biochar were applied at 5 wt% into two soils for an 11-month incubation experiment. One Ferrosol soil (Ba) was slightly acidic with low organic matter and the other Dermosol soil (Mt) was slightly alkaline with high organic matter. The acidic (pH = 3.25) wood shaving (WS) biochar had no marked impact on nutrient levels, cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH and acid neutralization capacity (ANC) of either soil. By contrast, the neutral (pH = 7.00) chicken litter (CL) biochar significantly increased major soluble nutrients, pH, ANC of soil Ba. In terms of C storage, 87.9% and 69.5% WS biochar-C can be sequestrated as TOC by soil Ba and Mt, respectively, whereas only 24.0% of CL biochar-C stored in soil Ba and negligible amount in Mt as TOC. Biochars did not have significant effects on soil sorption capacity and sorption reversibility except that CL biochar increased sorption of soil Ba by around 25.4% and decreased desorption by around 50.0%. Overall, the studied acidic C rich WS biochar held little agricultural or remedial values but was favourable for C sequestration. The neutral mineral rich CL biochar may provide short-term agricultural benefit and certain sorption capacities of lower sorption capacity soils, but may be unlikely to result in heightened C sequestration in soils. This is the first study comprehensively examining functions of acidic and neutral biochars for their benefits as a soil amendment and suggests the importance of pre-testing biochars for target purposes prior to their large scale production.
A highly conserved gene locus in endofungal bacteria codes for the biosynthesis of symbiosis-specific cyclopeptides
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-08-2022
DOI: 10.1093/PNASNEXUS/PGAC152
Abstract: The tight association of the pathogenic fungus Rhizopus microsporus and its toxin-producing, bacterial endosymbionts (Mycetohabitans spp.) is distributed worldwide and has significance for agriculture, food production, and human health. Intriguingly, the endofungal bacteria are essential for the propagation of the fungal host. Yet, little is known about chemical mediators fostering the symbiosis, and universal metabolites that support the mutualistic relationship have remained elusive. Here, we describe the discovery of a complex of specialized metabolites produced by endofungal bacteria under symbiotic conditions. Through full genome sequencing and comparative genomics of eight endofungal symbiont strains from geographically distant regions, we discovered a conserved gene locus (hab) for a nonribosomal peptide synthetase as a unifying trait. Bioinformatics analyses, targeted gene deletions, and chemical profiling uncovered unprecedented depsipeptides (habitasporins) whose structures were fully elucidated. Computational network analysis and labeling experiments granted insight into the biosynthesis of their nonproteinogenic building blocks (pipecolic acid and β-phenylalanine). Deletion of the hab gene locus was shown to impair the ability of the bacteria to enter their fungal host. Our study unveils a common principle of the endosymbiotic lifestyle of Mycetohabitans species and expands the repertoire of characterized chemical mediators of a globally occurring mutualistic association.
Concomitant rock phosphate dissolution and lead immobilization by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter sp.)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2010.11.031
Abstract: This paper examines the potential value of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae) in the dissolution of rock phosphate (RP) and subsequent immobilization of lead (Pb) in both bacterial growth medium and soils. Enterobacter sp. showed resistance to Pb and the bacterium solubilized 17.5% of RP in the growth medium. Enterobacter sp. did not enhance Pb immobilization in solution because of acidification of bacterial medium, thereby inhibiting the formation of P-induced Pb precipitation. However, in the case of soil, Enterobacter sp. increased Pb immobilization by 6.98, 25.6 and 32.0% with the RP level of 200, 800 and 1600 mg P/kg, respectively. The immobilization of Pb in Pb-spiked soils was attributed to pyromorphite formation as indicated by XRD analysis. Inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria with RP in soil can be used as an alternative technique to soluble P compounds which can cause eutrophication of surface water.
Serological Evaluation of Mycobacterium ulcerans Antigens Identified by Comparative Genomics
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-11-2010
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing of Mycobacterium ulcerans Reveals Focal Transmission of Buruli Ulcer in a Highly Endemic Region of Ghana
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-07-2010
Complementing compost with biochar for agriculture, soil remediation and climate mitigation
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2023
Arsenic Contamination and its Risk Management in Complex Environmental Settings
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Inhibition of cadmium uptake by wheat with urease-producing bacteria combined with sheep manure under field conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.133534
Abstract: In heavy metal-contaminated farmland, microorganisms or organic fertilizers can be used to minimize heavy metal uptake by crops to ensure food safety. However, the mechanisms by which urease-producing and metal-immobilizing bacteria combined with manure inhibit Cd uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) remain unclear. Herein, the effects of Enterobacter bugandensis TJ6, sheep manure (SM), and TJ6 combined with SM on Cd uptake by wheat and the mechanisms involved were investigated under field conditions. The results showed that strain TJ6 increased the urease activity and the proportion of strains with a high Cd adsorption capacity in SM, thereby enhancing the Cd adsorption capacity of SM in solution. Strain TJ6 combined with SM improved the rhizosphere soil urease activity, NH
Impact of plants on the microbial activity in soils with high and low levels of copper
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Opposite impact of DOM on ROS generation and photoaging of aromatic and aliphatic nano- and micro-plastic particles
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120304
Abstract: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in the photochemical behavior of nano- and micro-plastic particles (NPs/MPs). We investigated the influence of DOM on the mechanism on the photoaging of NPs/MPs with different molecular structures under UV
Assessing simultaneous immobilization of lead and improvement of phosphorus availability through application of phosphorus-rich biochar in a contaminated soil: A pot experiment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.133891
Abstract: Soil lead (Pb) contamination is often caused by anthropogenic activities. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to assess the effect of biochars derived from pig-carcass (PCBC) and branches of oriental-plane tree (OPBC) on the bioavailability, redistribution, and phytoavailability of Pb and P, as well as the growth of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk in a Pb-contaminated soil. Application of PCBC increased the total and available P concentrations in the soil as compared to the control, and enhanced the concentrations of labile P and sparingly labile P via direct exogenous P input and improvement of soil pH. Both biochars facilitated P accumulation in plant shoots and roots. Sequential extraction of soil Pb confirmed that biochar application facilitated the transformation of mobile Pb into stable fractions, with greater effects from PCBC than OPBC. Hence, biochar application significantly decreased the soil DTPA-extractable Pb by 90.2% (PCBC) and 64.0% (OPBC) compared to the control, consequently reducing Pb uptake by plants. The Pb immobilization by biochar was driven by the biochar-induced increase of soil pH, Pb-phosphate/carbonate precipitation, ion exchange between Pb
Sawdust and bark to treat nitrogen and faecal bacteria in winter stand‐off pads on a dairy farm
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2008
Activated peroxydisulfate by sorghum straw-based biochar for enhanced tartrazine degradation: Roles of adsorption and radical/nonradical processes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120665
Abstract: Biochar obtained from biomass waste through pyrolysis has significant potential in wastewater treatment due to its large specific surface area and multi-functional active sites. In current study, sorghum straw (SS) was pyrolyzed to prepare various biochar under nitrogen atmosphere. Adsorption kinetics of prepared biochar toward tartrazine (TTZ) was systematically investigated, and the biochar was also characterized by using multiple techniques to explore the contribution of physicochemical properties to adsorption. Then, the biochar with optimum TTZ adsorption performance, was also applied as a catalyst for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation to degrade TTZ. Factors including PDS concentration, solution pH, and reaction temperature were examined. The optimized degradation rate constant of TTZ (1.1627 min
Application of a biodegradable chelate to enhance subsequent chemical stabilisation of Pb in shooting range soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-12-2017
NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM FARM DAIRY EFFLUENT APPLICATION IN GRAZED GRASSLAND
Publisher: SciELO Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (ANID)
Date: 2010
Natural product diversity associated with the nematode symbionts Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41564-017-0039-9
Abstract: Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species dedicate a large amount of resources to the production of specialized metabolites derived from non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) or polyketide synthase (PKS). Both bacteria undergo symbiosis with nematodes, which is followed by an insect pathogenic phase. So far, the molecular basis of this tripartite relationship and the exact roles that in idual metabolites and metabolic pathways play have not been well understood. To close this gap, we have significantly expanded the database for comparative genomics studies in these bacteria. Clustering the genes encoded in the in idual genomes into hierarchical orthologous groups reveals a high-resolution picture of functional evolution in this clade. It identifies groups of genes-many of which are involved in secondary metabolite production-that may account for the niche specificity of these bacteria. Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus appear very similar at the DNA sequence level, which indicates their close evolutionary relationship. Yet, high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses reveal a huge chemical ersity in the two taxa. Molecular network reconstruction identified a large number of previously unidentified metabolite classes, including the xefo eptides and tilivalline. Here, we apply genomic and metabolomic methods in a complementary manner to identify and elucidate additional classes of natural products. We also highlight the ability to rapidly and simultaneously identify potentially interesting bioactive products from NRPSs and PKSs, thereby augmenting the contribution of molecular biology techniques to the acceleration of natural product discovery.
Improving bioavailability of phosphorous from cattle dung by using phosphatase immobilized on natural clay and nanoclay
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2012.05.107
Abstract: The high P retention of acidic Andisols makes necessary to increase our technological approaches in pasture management in the animal system production. Here, we evaluated the clay- or nanoclay-acid phosphatase complexes for improving phosphorus mineralization from degraded cattle dung. We implemented an immobilization mechanism of acid phosphatase (AP) using natural clays (allophanic and montmorillonite) and nanoclays as support materials. Also, we evaluated the mineralization of organic P containing in decomposed cattle dung with clay- and nanoclay-AP complexes by incubation studies. Clays and nanoclays were characterized by microscopy techniques as atomic force and confocal-laser scanning microscopy. We found that these support materials stabilized AP by encapsulation. Our results showed that immobilization on allophanic or montmorillonite materials improved both the specific activity (4-48%) and the V(max) (28-38%) of AP. Moreover, the enzyme had a better performance when immobilized on clay and nanoclay from Andisol than on montmorillonite materials. Phosphorous mineralization of cattle dung was regulated by water-soluble P present in the dung and P re-adsorption on allophanic materials. However, we were able to detect a potential capacity of AP immobilized on allophanic nanoclays as the best alternative for P mineralization. Further research with initially low water-soluble P containing organic materials is required to quantify the P mineralization potential and bioavailability of P from dung.
Copper/Silver Bimetallic Nanoparticles Supported on Aluminosilicate Geomaterials as Antibacterial Agents
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-01-2022
Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. II. Effect of lime addition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Waste to watt: Anaerobic digestion of wastewater irrigated biomass for energy and fertiliser production
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2019.02.122
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the potential of energy crops for biomethane production by examining the influence of abattoir and municipal wastewater irrigation on biomass production and the Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP). The experiments covered seven energy crops including sugar beet, alfalfa, maize, giant reed, napier grass, sunflower and canola. The biomass was harvested at three months of planting and BMP of each energy crops was assessed using anaerobic digestion. Giant reed yielded the highest biomass (22.3 t ha
The influence of surface incorporated lime and gypsiferous by-products on surface and subsurface soil acidity. II. Root growth and agronomic implications
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1071/S97058
Abstract: Lucerne (Medicago sativa. L) root elongation in acid soils amended by gypsiferous coal combustion by-products was investigated in a glasshouse study. Lime, fluidised bed boiler ash (FBA), and flue gas desulfurisation gypsum (FGDG) were mixed into the surface 50 mm of either an Allophanic (the Patua sand loam) or an Ultic (the Kaawa clay loam) soil column, at rates containing calcium equivalent to 5000 kg/ha of CaCO3. Lucerne was grown on each column after it was leached with 400 mm of water. Whereas the lime treatment had no effect on root elongation in the acidic subsurface of the Patua soil, the FBA and FGDG treatments significantly improved lucerne root penetration into the subsurface soil (P 0·05). This was due to the ‘self-liming effect’ induced by sulfate adsorption. Regression analysis indicated that the molar ratio of labile monomeric aluminium and calcium in soil solution (Al : Ca) was a good indicator of the degree of root growth into subsurface soil layers (R2= 0·94). In contrast, topsoil incorporated amendments did not influence root penetration into the acidic subsurface of the Kaawa soil, which is dominated by permanently charged clay minerals. The ‘self-liming effect’ caused by gypsum application is not a sustainable practice. Lime should be applied to neutralise the topsoil acidity, when gypsum is used as subsurface soil acidity ameliorant. FBA, which contains both lime and gypsum, can meet these requirements.
Calcium-Induced Sulfate Adsorption by Soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-1993
The influence of surface incorporated lime and gypsiferous by-products on surface and subsurface soil acidity. I. Soil solution chemistry
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1071/S97057
Abstract: Lime, fluidised bed boiler ash (FBA), and flue gas desulfurisation gypsum (FGDG) were incorporated in the top 50 mm of repacked columns of either an Allophanic (the Patua sand loam) or an Ultic (the Kaawa clay loam) soil, at rates containing calcium equivalent to 5000 kg/ha of CaCO3. Each column was leached with 400 mm of water. After leaching, the columns were sliced into sections for chemical analysis. In the columns of the variable-charged, allophanic Patua soil, topsoil-incorporated FBA ameliorated top and subsurface soil acidity through liming and the ‘self-liming effect’ induced by sulfate sorption, respectively. The soil solution pH of the top and subsurface layers of the Patua soil were raised to pH 6·40 and 5·35, respectively, by the FBA treatment, compared with pH 4·80 and 4·65, respectively, in the control treatment. Consequently, phytotoxic labile monomeric aluminium (Al) concentration in the soil solution of the FBA treatment was reduced to ·1 µM Al, compared with 8–64 µM Al in the untreated control. FGDG had a similar ‘self-liming effect’ on subsurface of the Patua soil, but not the topsoil. Whereas FBA raised the pH of the Kaawa topsoil, no ‘self-liming effect’ of subsurface soil by sulfate sorption was observed on the Kaawa subsurface soil, which is dominated by permanently charged clay minerals. Application of FBA and FGDG to both soils, however, caused significant leaching of native soil Mg2+ and K+. These nutrients were displaced from the exchange sites by the relatively high concentration of Ca2+ released from dissolution of gypsum.
Animal carcass- and wood-derived biochars improved nutrient bioavailability, enzyme activity, and plant growth in metal-phthalic acid ester co-contaminated soils: A trial for reclamation and improvement of degraded soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Biochar-induced concomitant decrease in ammonia volatilization and increase in nitrogen use efficiency by wheat
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.04.086
Abstract: Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is a major nitrogen (N) loss from the soil, especially under tropical conditions, NH3 volatilization results in low N use efficiency by crops. Incubation experiments were conducted using five soils (pH 5.5-9.0), three N sources such as, urea, di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), and poultry manure (PM) and two biochars such as, poultry litter biochar (PL-BC) and macadamia nut shell biochar (MS-BC). Ammonia volatilization was higher at soil with higher pH (pH exceeding 8) due to the increased hydroxyl ions. Among the N sources, urea recorded the highest NH3 volatilization (151.6 mg kg(-1)soil) followed by PM (124.2 mg kg(-1)soil) and DAP (99 mg kg(-1)soil). Ammonia volatilization was reduced by approximately 70% with PL-BC and MS-BC. The decreased NH3 volatilization with biochars is attributed to multiple mechanisms such as NH3 adsorption/immobilization, and nitrification. Moreover, biochar increased wheat dry weight and N uptake as high as by 24.24% and 76.11%, respectively. This study unravels the immense potential of biochar in decreasing N volatilization from soils and simultaneously improving use efficiency by wheat.
Comparative values of various wastewater streams as a soil nutrient source
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.10.118
Abstract: In order to assess whether wastewaters from different industries (winery, abattoir, dairy and municipal) could be used safely to irrigate agricultural crops, a pot experiment in glass house was conducted in a sandy clay loam soil (pH = 6.12) from South Australia. Different concentrations (0, 0.05, 5, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) of the wastewaters diluted in an ordinary tap water were applied to soils sown with sunflower and maize seeds, and the effect of these irrigation treatments were evaluated at the early crop growth stages by recording the biomass yields, plant mineral nutrient contents, and also the soil chemical properties. Results showed that the winery effluent reduced the early growth of maize and sunflower when applied without any dilution, but increased yields of both plants when applied at 25% dilution with tap water. At this dilution of the winery wastewater, 80% more dry shoot yield (DSY) of sunflower and 58% more DSY of maize were obtained in comparison to the application of 100% concentration of the wastewater. Abattoir wastewater showed the highest yields at 100% concentration. Furthermore, municipal effluent did not show any inhibitory effect on both the crops. It was observed that metal contents in both the crops were different due to the application of different wastewaters, but did not exceed any toxic level. This study demonstrated that abattoir wastewater as such, and winery and dairy wastewaters at appropriate dilutions could be used for irrigation in agricultural fields to enhance crop productivity.
Isolation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and their potential for lead immobilization in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.09.095
Abstract: Lead (Pb), a highly toxic heavy metal forms stable compounds with phosphate (P). The potential of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to immobilize Pb by enhancing solubilization of insoluble P compounds was tested in this research. Eighteen different PSB strains isolated from P amended and Pb contaminated soils were screened for their efficiency in P solubilization. The PSB isolated from P amended soils solubilized 217-479 mg/L of P while the PSB from Pb contaminated soil solubilized 31-293 mg/L of P. Stepwise multiple regression analysis and P solubility kinetics indicated that the major mechanism of P solubilization by PSB is the pH reduction through the release of organic acids. From the isolated bacteria, two PSB were chosen for Pb immobilization and these bacteria were identified as Pantoea sp. and Enterobacter sp., respectively. The PSB significantly increased P solubilization by 25.0% and 49.9% in the case of Pantoea sp., and 63.3% and 88.6% in the case of Enterobacter sp. for 200 and 800 mg/kg of rock phosphate (RP) addition, respectively, thereby enhancing the immobilization of Pb by 8.25-13.7% in the case of Pantoea sp. and 14.7-26.4% in the case of Enterobacter sp. The ability of PSB to solubilize P, promote plant growth, and immobilize Pb can be used for phytostabilization of Pb contaminated soils.
The potential of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles as nutrient source for plant growth
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Phosphorus application enhances alkane hydroxylase gene abundance in the rhizosphere of wild plants grown in petroleum-hydrocarbon-contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2021.111924
Abstract: This study assessed the ability of phosphorus (P) fertilizer to remediate the rhizosphere of three wild plant species (Banksia seminuda, a tree Chloris truncata, a grass and Hakea prostrata, a shrub) growing in a soil contaminated with total (aliphatic) petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). Plant growth, photosynthesis (via chlorophyll fluorescence), soil microbial activity, alkane hydroxylase AlkB (aliphatic hydrocarbon-degrading) gene abundance, and TPH removal were evaluated 120 days after planting. Overall, although TPH served as an additional carbon source for soil microorganisms, the presence of TPH in soil resulted in decreased plant growth and photosynthesis. However, growth, photosynthesis, microbial activities, and AlkB gene abundance were enhanced by the application of P fertilizer, thereby increasing TPH removal rates, although the extent and optimum P dosage varied among the plant species. The highest TPH removal (64.66%) was observed in soil planted with the Poaceae species, C. truncata, and amended with 100 mg P kg
Differential effect of coal combustion products on the bioavailability of phosphorus between inorganic and organic nutrient sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.04.051
Abstract: In farming systems, all the applied phosphorus (P) is not available to plants because they are either adsorbed in soil or lost to the environment through leaching or runoff. The effect of coal combustion products (CCPs) for enhancing the bioavailability of applied phosphorus (P) in soil was examined separately for inorganic (KH2PO4 - PP) and organic (poultry manure - PM) P treatments, where fluidised bed combustion (FBC) ash emerged as the most effective amendment. Greenhouse study was conducted by growing mustard plants on FBC amended soils under leaching and non-leaching setups. The FBC increased the biomass yield for organic P treatments in the first crop and increased for both inorganic and organic P in the second cropping. The increase in cumulative yield was highest in leached PP and unleached PM treatments. Field experiment assessed the effectiveness of FBC on inorganic (single super phosphate - SSP) and organic P (biosolids - BS) uptake by mustard and sunflower plants. In the first cropping, the yield was higher in crops treated with SSP alone. In the second crop, yields were higher in the presence than absence of FBC, as reflected by the high relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE) exhibited by BS+FBC (462%) combination. Overall, FBC used in these experiments enhanced bioavailability of P in soil through adsorption and mineralisation of inorganic and organic P, respectively as evident from phosphatase activity and Olsen P relationship. Hence the differential effect of CCPs has not only decreased the loss of applied P (from inorganic and organic sources) to the environment, but also enhanced the P bioavailability in the soil. Among the three CCPs used in the preliminary experiments, FBC proved to perform better than the other two and hence can be recommended for agricultural and environmental applications targeting P issues.
Value of dehydrated food waste fertiliser products in increasing soil health and crop productivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2021.111927
Abstract: Dehydration of food waste is a technique in which food waste is dewatered to form a low moisture product. This research characterised the physicochemical properties of different dehydrated food waste products and examined their value in improving physical, biological, and chemical properties of soils. Dehydrated food waste products were slightly acidic (4.7-5.1) with high levels of electrical conductivity (EC) (4.83-7.64 mS cm
Sulfur crosslinks from thermal degradation of chitosan dithiocarbamate derivatives and thermodynamic study for sorption of copper and cadmium from aqueous system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-015-5654-5
Abstract: Pristine chitosan beads were modified with sulfur (S)-containing functional groups to produce thiolated chitosan beads (ETB), thereby increasing S donor ligands and crosslinks. The effect of temperature, heating time, carbon disulfide (CS2)/chitosan ratio, and pH on total S content of ETB was examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The total S content of ETB increased with increasing CS2/chitosan ratio and decreased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature (>60 °C) and heating time (at 60 °C). Spectroscopic analyses revealed the presence of thiol (-SH)/thione, disulfide (-S-S-), and sulfonate groups in ETB. The thiolation mechanism involves decomposition of dithiocarbamate groups, thereby forming thiourea crosslinks and trithiocarbonate, resulting in -SH oxidation to produce -S-S- crosslinks. The partially formed ETB crosslinks contribute to its acid stability and are thermodynamically feasible in adsorbing Cd and Cu. The S-containing functional groups added to chitinous wastes act as sorbents for metal remediation from acidic environments.
Biochar for future and futuristic biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Ecotoxicological effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and of a new PFAS adsorbing organoclay to immobilize PFAS in soils on earthworms and plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2022.128771
Abstract: A novel adsorptive organoclay (Intraplex A®) was developed for the in situ immobilization of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the vadose zone. We provide the first evaluation of the effects of Intraplex A® on earthworms and plants in a PFAS-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicological tests were carried out on control soil with and without Intraplex A® (C + I and C, respectively) and PFAS-contaminated soil with and without Intraplex A® (PFAS + I and PFAS, respectively). We investigated the acute ecotoxicological effects of PFAS and Intraplex A® on the growth, reproduction and survival of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and on plant growth (oat - Avena sativa and turnip - Brassica rapa L. silvestris). Earthworm lethality was 7.6 lower in PFAS + I than in PFAS soil. Earthworms avoided 100% C + I and PFAS + I soils, and reduced earthworms' reproduction was observed in both these soils. For both plant species, the PFAS + I soil yielded less fresh and dry shoot biomass than the PFAS soil, while root growth remained unaffected (all tests: p < 0.05). Soils with Intraplex A® had some negative effects on plants and earthworms, which must be balanced with its benefits as an in situ PFAS adsorbent.
Discovery of Clostrubin, an Exceptional Polyphenolic Polyketide Antibiotic from a Strictly Anaerobic Bacterium
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-05-2014
Abstract: Genome mining of the strictly anaerobic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii, an industrial producer of solvents, revealed the presence of several cryptic gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. To unearth its metabolic potential, a C. beijerinckii strain was cultured under various conditions, which led to the discovery of a deep purple pigment. This novel metabolite, named clostrubin (1), was isolated and its structure was fully elucidated. The pentacyclic polyphenol features a benzo[a]tetraphene ring topology that is unprecedented for natural products. Stable-isotope labeling experiments showed that 1 is an aromatic polyketide that folds in a noncanonical manner to form the unusual perifused ring system. In addition to being the first reported polyketide from an anaerobic bacterium, 1 is a potent antibiotic with pronounced activity against various pathogenic bacteria, such as MRSA, VRE, and mycobacteria, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.12-0.97 μM.
A patchwork pathway for catabolism of the sulfosugar sulfofucose
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 02-08-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551581
Abstract: We report the isolation of Paracoccus onubensis strain Merri, which can grow on the rare sulfosugar sulfofucose (6-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-galactose) as sole carbon source, leading to its breakdown and release of sulfite. Genome sequencing and comparative proteomics of s les grown on glucose versus sulfofucose identified a genetic locus containing most of the genes for a sulfoglycolytic pathway for breakdown of sulfofucose to the 3-carbon organosulfonate sulfolactaldehyde, and a biomineralization pathway for catabolism of sulfolactaldehyde to pyruvate and sulfite. A candidate sulfotagatose-1-phosphate aldolase was expressed and was active on the epimeric substrate sulfofructose-1-phosphate. Its 3D X-ray structure revealed a close homology to sulfofructose-1-phosphate aldolase from the sulfoglycolytic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway. A patchwork sulfofucose catabolism pathway is proposed involving a sulfofucolytic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and short-chain organosulfonate biomineralization pathway. Sulfosugars are important compounds in the biogeochemical sulfur cycle and are produced by a wide range of photosynthetic plants, algae and cyanobacteria. While the pathways for the biosynthesis and catabolism of sulfoquinovose are well studied, much less is known about the rarer sulfosugar sulfofucose. We report a bacterium that can use sulfofucose as sole carbon source and achieve its complete breakdown to produce sulfite. We propose that sulfofucose catabolism is achieved using enzymes of the sulfoglycolytic Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway that tolerate a change in stereochemistry at C4 of the sulfosugar. The sulfolactaldehyde output of this pathway is broken down to sulfite through a biomineralization pathway via sulfolactate. Microbial metabolism of this rare sulfosugar can be achieved through repurposing enzymes within known sulfosugar and short-chain organosulfonate catabolism catabolism.
Heterotrophic Soil Respiration Affected by Compound Fertilizer Types in Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Stands of Korea
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-12-2016
DOI: 10.3390/F7120309
Carbon storage and soil CO2 efflux rates at varying degrees of damage from pine wilt disease in red pine stands
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.11.080
Abstract: We evaluated the carbon (C) storage and soil CO2 efflux rates of red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stands damaged by pine wilt disease (PWD) in Korea. Ten red pine plots at varying degrees of damage from PWD were established and grouped into five categories (very slightly, slightly, moderately, severely, and very severely damaged plots) based on differences in the tree density. The incidence of PWD was a major cause of C loss from forest ecosystems, but the magnitude of loss depended on the severity of disease damage. An exponential regression of the CO2 efflux rates against the corresponding soil temperature was highly significant (R(2)=0.82-0.95, P<0.01) for the varying degrees of damage from PWD. The rates of change in the CO2 efflux rates with temperature, as defined by the Q10 values, were generally lower in the slightly (2.94) versus the moderately (3.60) or severely (4.26) PWD-damaged stands. The cumulative soil CO2-C efflux rates for two years were significantly higher in the slightly (10.8 Mg Cha(-1) yr(-1)) or moderately (10.9 Mg Cha(-1) yr(-1)) versus the very severely (7.9 Mg Cha(-1) yr(-1)) PWD-damaged stands. The results indicate that the C storage and soil CO2 efflux rates in red pine stands can be impacted by the incidence of PWD, with a significant C reduction in the severely damaged stands.
The effects of anion sorption on sorption and leaching of cadmium
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.1071/S97046
Abstract: The effect of chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate anions on the sorption and leaching of cadmium was examined in 2 soils (Manawatu silt loam and Egmont clay loam) which differ in their variable charge components. There was a larger sorption of cadmium in the presence of phosphate than in the presence of sulfate, nitrate, and chloride, and the difference was more pronounced in the Egmont soil. In soils, specific sorption of phosphate increases the negative charge. The increase in negative charge per unit amount of phosphate sorbed decreased with increasing phosphate sorption. The sorption of cadmium increased in response to phosphate sorption. The phosphate-induced cadmium sorption resulted from the increase in negative charge due to phosphate sorption. Column studies indicated that cadmium was less susceptible to leaching in the presence of phosphate than in the presence of nitrate.
Influence of manufacturing variables on characteristics and the agronomic value of partially acidulated phosphate fertilizers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01048750
Use of biosolids for phytocapping of landfill soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2012
Biofilm formation and its implications on the properties and fate of microplastics in aquatic environments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Soil Constraints and Productivity
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 07-04-2023
Role of organic amendments on enhanced bioremediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2010.09.082
Abstract: As land application becomes one of the important waste utilization and disposal practices, soil is increasingly being seen as a major source of metal(loid)s reaching food chain, mainly through plant uptake and animal transfer. With greater public awareness of the implications of contaminated soils on human and animal health there has been increasing interest in developing technologies to remediate contaminated sites. Bioremediation is a natural process which relies on soil microorganisms and higher plants to alter metal(loid) bioavailability and can be enhanced by addition of organic amendments to soils. Large quantities of organic amendments, such as manure compost, biosolid and municipal solid wastes are used as a source of nutrients and also as a conditioner to improve the physical properties and fertility of soils. These organic amendments that are low in metal(loid)s can be used as a sink for reducing the bioavailability of metal(loid)s in contaminated soils and sediments through their effect on the adsorption, complexation, reduction and volatilization of metal(loid)s. This review examines the mechanisms for the enhanced bioremediation of metal(loid)s by organic amendments and discusses the practical implications in relation to sequestration and bioavailability of metal(loid)s in soils.
Environmental monitoring of the role of phosphate compounds in enhancing immobilization and reducing bioavailability of lead in contaminated soils
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1EM10275C
Abstract: Lead is a highly toxic element and forms stable compounds with phosphate, which is commonly used to immobilize Pb in soils. However, few studies have monitored the long-term stability of immobilized Pb, which is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of the in situ stabilization technique. Both soluble and insoluble phosphate compounds were tested for Pb immobilization, and its subsequent mobility and bioavailability in a contaminated soil from a shooting range. Adding tricalcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite, rock phosphate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate reduced the concentration of ammonium-nitrate-extractable Pb in the contaminated soil by 78.6%, 48.3%, 40.5% and 80.1%, respectively. Insoluble phosphate amendments significantly reduced leached Pb concentration from the column while soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate compound increased P and Pb concentrations in the leachate. Rock phosphate reduced Pb accumulation in earthworms by 21.9% compared to earthworms in the control treatment. The long-term stability of immobilized Pb was evaluated after 2 years' incubation of the contaminated soil with rock phosphate or soluble phosphate compounds. Bioavailable Pb concentration as measured by simple bioavailability extraction test (SBET) showed the long-term stability of immobilized Pb by P amendments. Therefore, Pb immobilization using phosphate compounds is an effective remediation technique for Pb-contaminated soils.
Plant pathogenic anaerobic bacteria use aromatic polyketides to access aerobic territory
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 06-11-2015
Abstract: The slimy pink rot of potatoes is caused by the bacterium Clostridium puniceum , which cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. These bacteria produce a polyphenolic metabolite known as clostrubin that functions as an antibiotic. Shabuer et al. now show that the bacteria also use clostrubin to protect themselves from the aerobic environment of the potato tuber. Science , this issue p. 670
Effect of liming and phosphate additions on sulphate leaching in soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1988
Removal and Recovery of Phosphate From Water Using Sorption
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-03-2014
Aging features of metal(loid)s in biochar-amended soil: Effects of biochar type and aging method
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.152922
Abstract: Soil contamination with toxic metals and metalloids has become a major threat to global food security. Among various immobilization agents that can stabilize toxic metal(loid)s effectively, biochar is promising due to its ability to restore soil health. Yet the aging characteristics of biochar following its amendment in soil remain poorly explored. Therefore, this study used standard biochars to depict their aging effects on remediation of metal(loid)-contaminated soil. A total of 2304 observations were made, including 6 biochar feedstocks (rice husk, soft wood, oilseed rape straw, miscanthus straw, sewage sludge and wheat straw), 2 pyrolysis temperatures (550 °C, 700 °C), 8 metal(loid)s (Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Pb), 4 aging methods (natural aging, freeze-thaw cycling, wet-dry cycling, chemical oxidation with H
Isopropanol at 60% and at 70% are effective against ‘isopropanol-tolerant’ Enterococcus faecium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHIN.2019.01.024
Abstract: The bactericidal activity of isopropanol was determined against Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057, ST 796 (isopropanol-tolerant strain) and Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 (EN 13727). Isopropanol at 60% and 70% were effective (≥5.38 log
Enhancing nutrient recovery from food waste anaerobic digestate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Phosphorus-arsenic interactions in variable-charge soils in relation to arsenic mobility and bioavailability
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2013.04.016
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) influences arsenic (As) mobility and bioavailability which depends on the charge components of soil. The objective of this study was to examine P-As interaction in variable-charge allophanic soils in relation to P-induced As mobilization and bioavailability. In this work, the effect of P on arsenate [As(V)] adsorption and desorption was examined using a number of allophanic and non-allophanic soils which vary in their anion adsorption capacity. The effect of P on As uptake by Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants was examined using a solution culture, and a soil plant growth experiment involving two As-spiked allophanic and non-allophanic soils which vary in their anion adsorption capacity, and a field As-contaminated sheep dip soil. Arsenate adsorption increased with an increase in the anion adsorption capacity of soils. The addition of P resulted in an increase in As desorption, and the effect was more pronounced in the case of allophanic soil. In the case of both As-spiked soils and field contaminated sheep-dip soil, application of P increased the desorption of As, thereby increasing its bioavailability. The effect of P on As uptake was more pronounced in the high anion adsorbing allophanic than low adsorbing non-allophanic soil. In the case of solution culture, As phytoavailability decreased with increasing concentration of P which is attributed to the competition of P for As uptake by roots. While increasing P concentration in solution decreased the uptake of As, it facilitated the translocation of As from root to shoot. The net effect of P on As phytoavailability in soils depends on the extent of P-induced As mobilization in soils and P-induced competition for As uptake by roots. The P-induced mobilization of As could be employed in the phytoremediation of As-contaminated sites. However, care must be taken to minimize the leaching of As mobilized through the P-induced desorption, thereby resulting in groundwater and off site contamination.
Multifunctional applications of biochar beyond carbon storage
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-05-2022
Recycled Water Irrigation in Australia
Publisher: Springer India
Date: 09-10-2014
Convergent Evolution Driven by Rifampin Exacerbates the Global Burden of Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 28-02-2018
Abstract: Increasing antibiotic resistance in the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is threatening the ability to treat patients with these infections. Recent laboratory studies suggest that mutations in the gene commonly associated with rif in resistance may also impact susceptibility to other last-line antibiotics in S. aureus however, the overall frequency and clinical impact of these mutations are unknown. By mining a global collection of clinical S. aureus genomes and by mutagenesis experiments, this work reveals that common rif in-induced rpoB mutations promote phenotypic plasticity that has led to the global emergence of stable, multidrug-resistant S. aureus lineages that are associated with increased risk of therapeutic failure through coresistance to other last-line antimicrobials. We recommend decreasing susceptibility breakpoints for rif in to allow phenotypic detection of critical rpoB mutations conferring low resistance to rif in and reconsidering the appropriate use of rif in to reduce the fixation and spread of these deleterious mutations globally.
Visualizing the development trend and research frontiers of biochar in 2020: a scientometric perspective
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2021
Effects of phosphorus application and mycorrhizal inoculation on root characteristics of subterranean clover and ryegrass in relation to phosphorus uptake
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF02372545
Phosphorus Removal Mechanisms in Active Slag Filters Treating Waste Stabilization Pond Effluent
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-04-2007
DOI: 10.1021/ES062496B
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) removal mechanisms from waste stabilization pond effluent by a melter slag filter were investigated. The studied filter had treated pond effluent for a decade, but lost its P removal efficiency after 5 years. The P distribution in the slag was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical fractionation. The results showed the slag to be covered by a film comprising metal oxides/oxyhydroxides, organic resin, and Fe-phosphate precipitates. The slag porous matrix beneath this film hosted lower P concentrations and consisted of metal oxides/oxyhydroxides and calcmagnesium silicates. The study revealed the following mechanisms for P removal from effluent by the melter slag: (1) P adsorption onto metal oxides/oxyhydroxides which are ubiquitous throughout the porous slag matrix and its surface film (2) P precipitation, mainly as Fe-phosphates (determined by SEM/EDS) on the surface film, derived from the release of metal ions into the solution phase and (3) P sequestration by an amorphous organic resin that comprises a substantial proportion of the surface film, which was deduced by SEM/EDS and XRF. Results of chemical extractions performed on the slag demonstrated that 1 M HCl, which has been used to determine Ca-associated P in previous studies, is an unreliable Ca-P marker. By contrast, the citrate-dithionite reagent was shown to be a good indicator of Fe/Al-associated P and revealed that adsorption onto metal oxides/oxyhydroxides, in the porous matrix as well as its surface film, is the most significant P removal mechanism achieved by the slag filter.
Relationship between soil clay mineralogy and carbon protection capacity as influenced by temperature and moisture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
Soil acidification and the liming potential of biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120632
Abstract: Soil acidification in managed ecosystems such as agricultural lands principally result from increased releasing of protons (H+) from the transformation reactions of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) containing compounds. The incorporation of liming materials can neutralize the protons released, hence reducing soil acidity and its adverse impacts to soil environment, food security, and human health. Biochar derived from organic residues are becoming a source of carbon input to soil and provide multifunctional values. Biochar can be alkaline in nature with the level of alkalinity dependent upon the feedstock and processing conditions. This review covers the fundamental aspects of soil acidification and of the use of biochar to address constraints related to acidic soil. Biochar are increasingly considered as an effective soil amendment for improving soil acidity owing to its liming potential, thereby enhancing soil fertility and productivity in acid soils. The ameliorant effect on acid soils is mainly because of the dissolution of carbonates, (hydro)-oxides of the ash fraction of biochar and potential use by microorganisms.
Comprehensive antibiotic-linked mutation assessment by resistance mutation sequencing (RM-seq).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-08-2018
Natural product discovery through microbial genome mining
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Conversion of biological solid waste to graphene-containing biochar for water remediation: A critical review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Phosphorus in soils of riparian and non‐riparian wetland and buffer strips in the Waikato area, New Zealand
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2006
Immobilization of lead and copper in aqueous solution and soil using hydroxyapatite derived from flue gas desulphurization gypsum
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Short-term effects of fertilizer application on soil respiration in red pine stands
Publisher: The Ecological Society of Korea
Date: 12-2012
Role of inorganic and organic soil amendments on immobilisation and phytoavailability of heavy metals: a review involving specific case studies
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/SR02122
Abstract: Soil is not only considered as a 'source' of nutrients for plant growth, but also as a 'sink' for the removal of contaminants from industrial and agricultural waste materials. The origin of heavy metal contamination of soils may be anthropogenic as well as geogenic. With greater public awareness of the implications of contaminated soils on human and animal health, there has been increasing interest amongst the scientific community in developing cost-effective and community-acceptable remediation technologies for contaminated sites. Unlike organic contaminants, most metals do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation, thereby resulting in their accumulation in soils. The mobilisation of metals in soils for plant uptake and leaching to groundwater can, however, be minimised through chemical and biological immobilisation. Recently there has been increasing interest in the immobilisation of metals using a range of inorganic compounds, such as lime and phosphate (P) compounds, and organic compounds, such as 'exceptional quality' biosolids. In this review paper, the results from selected New Zealand studies on the potential value of a range of soil amendments (phosphate compounds, liming materials, and biosolids) in the immobilisation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and copper (Cu) is discussed in relation to remediation of contaminated soils. These case studies have indicated that lime is effective in reducing the phytoavailability of Cd and Cr(III), phosphate compounds are effective for Cd, and organic amendments are effective for Cu and Cr(VI). The mechanisms proposed for the immobilisation and consequent reduction in the phytoavailability of metals by the soil amendments include: enhanced metal adsorption through increased surface charge (e.g. phosphate-induced metal adsorption), increased formation of organic and inorganic metal complexes (e.g. cadmium-phosphate complex and copper-organic matter complex), precipitation of metals (e.g. chromic hydroxide), and reduction of metals from higher valency mobile form to lower valency immobile form [e.g. Cr(VI) to Cr(III)]. These case studies indicated that since bioavailability is the key factor for remediation technologies, chemical or biological immobilisation of metals may be a preferred option.
Priming of soil organic carbon by malic acid addition is differentially affected by nutrient availability
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
A simple conceptual model for predicting the dissolution of phosphate rock in soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1994
Chapter 4 Bioavailability: The underlying basis for risk-based land management
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Effect on herbicide adsorption of organic forestry waste products used for soil remediation
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-02-2019
DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1574170
Abstract: Organic soil amendments can be useful for improving degraded soil, but this increase in organic matter (OM) may influence adsorption of herbicides subsequently applied to the treated soil, even though the particle size of amendments and their nature differ from typical soil OM. In this study, a batch equilibrium method was used to measure adsorption of five herbicides following application to two organic media, wood pulp and sawdust, comparing these with two cropping soils. Herbicide adsorption, quantified by distribution coefficients (k
Chapter 27 Manipulating bioavailability to manage remediation of metal-contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Fertiliser contaminants in New Zealand grazed pasture with special reference to cadmium and fluorine — a review
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/SR02126
Abstract: Phosphorus (P) fertilisers are an essential input for the economic production of legume-based pastures in New Zealand (NZ) and Australia, but they often contain some unwanted elements that can contaminate the soil, thereby creating potential risks to the health of grazing animal, food quality, and soil quality. Fluorine (F) and cadmium (Cd) are considered to be the elements of most concern. Incidences of F toxicity (from direct ingestion of fertiliser), and accumulation of Cd in offal products above the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) set by the food authorities, have been reported in NZ. Similarly, Cd concentrations in some food grains may exceed the newly proposed MPCs by the Australian and New Zealand Food Authority. Cadmium and F continue to accumulate in the topsoils of NZ and Australian pastures as a result of P fertiliser use. The mobility of both these elements in soils is low and is similar to that of P. Risk of ground water contamination from F and Cd applied to most NZ pastures is low. The plant uptake of these elements, especially F, is also low in most pastoral soils. Cadmium accumulates mainly in liver and kidney of grazing animals mostly through herbage ingestion, whereas F accumulates mainly in the bones of these animals, mostly through soil ingestion. Soil ingestion is highest during the wetter winter months and at high stocking rates. Models have been developed to assess the impact of fertiliser use on the potential risks associated with F and Cd accumulation in soils. Measures to control F and Cd accumulation in soils, plants, and grazing animals are presented and future research needs are identified.
The role of coal combustion products in managing the bioavailability of nutrients and heavy metals in soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2010
Zeolite for Nutrient Stripping From Farm Effluents
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Mining the Methylome Reveals Extensive Diversity in Staphylococcus epidermidis Restriction Modification
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 24-12-2019
Abstract: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a major cause of hospital-acquired infections, especially those related to implanted medical devices. Understanding how S. epidermidis causes disease and devising ways to combat these infections have been hindered by an inability to genetically manipulate clinically significant hospital-adapted strains. Here, we provide the first comprehensive analyses of the barriers to the uptake of foreign DNA in S. epidermidis and demonstrate that these are distinct from those described for S. aureus . Using these insights, we demonstrate an efficient approach for the genetic manipulation of S. epidermidis to enable the study of clinical isolates for the first time.
Effect of K + on Na-Ca exchange and the SAR-ESP relationship
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/SR11192
Abstract: In Australia, application of winery wastewater to land is increasingly being viewed as the most environmentally sound and cost-effective means of disposal. This wastewater contains high concentrations of both sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+), which have the potential to accumulate in the profile of irrigated soils and adversely alter physical properties such as aggregate stability and hydraulic conductivity. Cation exchange equilibria in soil of mixed illite and kaolinite mineralogy have been investigated in binary Ca–Na and Ca–K systems and in a ternary Ca–Na–K system. In the respective binary systems, resulting exchangeable potassium percentage was nearly twice the corresponding exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), indicating a high binding affinity of K+ in this soil. In a ternary system, soils were equilibrated with solutions of differing sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and potassium adsorption ratio (PAR) within ranges typical of winery wastewater. The presence of K+ had a significant effect on the relationship between SAR and ESP, whereby ESP decreased with increasing PAR. Resulting ESP in the ternary system was consistently lower than in the binary system. Cation selectivity between solid and solution phases in the ternary system was calculated from the Vanselow and K-selectivity coefficients and showed a decreasing selectivity for Na+ with increasing K+ in solution. It is expected that, due to the high K+ content of winery wastewater (i.e. mg/L), adsorption of Na+, and subsequent ESP, will be less than in wastewaters of comparable Na+ concentration yet absent K+.
A critical prospective analysis of the potential toxicity of trace element regulation limits in soils worldwide: Are they protective concerning health risk assessment? - A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2019.03.039
Abstract: Trace elements (TEs) may have toxic effects to plants and humans thus, countries and organizations impose maximum allowable regulation limits of their concentrations in soils. Usually such limits are placed in different categories according to soil use, soil properties or based on both attributes. However, some countries have regulation limits irrespective of differentiation in soil properties. In this review, we aimed at collecting TE regulation limits in soils from major countries and organizations around the globe, and critiquing them by assessing potential human health risks in the case of soils attaining the maximum allowable values. We explored the soil-to-human pathway and differentiated among three major exposures from TEs, i.e., residential, industrial and agricultural. We observed the existence of problems concerning TE regulation limits, among which the fact that limits across countries do not regulate the same TEs, not even a minimum number of TEs. This indicates that countries do not seem to agree on which regulation limits of TEs pose a high risk. Also, these regulation limits do not take into account TE mobility to neighbouring environment interphases such as plant, especially edible, and water matrices. Moreover, limits for same TEs are vastly erse across countries this indicates that those countries have conflicting information concerning TE-related health risks. Subsequently, we addressed this problem of ersity by quantifying resultant risks we did that by calculating human health risk indices, taking into consideration the cases in which the highest allowable TE limits are attained in soil. Arsenic limits were found to generate a relatively high hazard quotient (HQ
Review: Use of recycled wastewater for irrigating grapevines
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 12-12-2012
Effect of fulvic acid co-precipitation on biosynthesis of Fe(III) hydroxysulfate and its adsorption of lead
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2021.118669
Abstract: Iron (III) co-precipitation with dissolved organic matter (DOM) is pervasive in many natural environments. However, the effects of DOM on the formation of Fe(III) hydroxysulfate (FHS) and its environmental implications are poorly understood. In this study, fulvic acid (FA) was used as a model DOM compound, and experiments were devised to investigate the effects of FA on the formation of FHS. In addition, the Pb(II) adsorption capabilities of FHSs biosynthesized under various FA dosages, including kinetics and sorption isotherm experiments, were conducted. These experiments showed that co-precipitation of FA promoted the formation of Fe-FA composites, FA-doped schwertmannite, and small particles of jarosite. Co-precipitates are more enriched in carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups due to their preferential binding with FHS. The adsorption kinetics, isotherms and mechanisms of Pb onto the biosynthesized FHSs were then comprehensively characterized and modeled. Though the specific surface area decreased with increasing FA loading, the introduction of FA into FHSs increased Pb(II) adsorption, with the highest concentration of FA addition improving the removal capacity of Pb(II) to 91.54%. Kinetics studies and intra-particle diffusion models indicated that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto the FHSs was correlated with the number of active sites, and two adsorption steps: surface adsorption and the diffusion of Pb(II) in channels inside the biosynthesized FHSs, are suggested. The adsorption mechanism was attributed to cation exchange between Pb(II) and -OH and -COOH functional groups, and the co-precipitated FA provided additional sites for Pb(II) adsorption by FHS.
Field Evaluation of the Liming Value of Two Phosphate Rocks and their Partially Acidulated Products After 16 Years of Annual Application to Grazed Pasture
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2005
Earthworms as candidates for remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils and mitigating the environmental and human health risks: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2021.106924
Abstract: Global concerns towards potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are steadily increasing due to the significant threats that PTEs pose to human health and environmental quality. This calls for immediate, effective and efficient remediation solutions. Earthworms, the 'ecosystem engineers', can modify and improve soil health and enhance plant productivity. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the potential of earthworms, alone or combined with other soil organisms and/or soil amendments, to remediate PTEs contaminated soils. However, the use of earthworms in the remediation of PTEs contaminated soil (i.e., vermiremediation) has not been thoroughly reviewed to date. Therefore, this review discusses and provides comprehensive insights into the suitability of earthworms as potential candidates for bioremediation of PTEs contaminated soils and mitigating environmental and human health risks. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed: i) the occurrence and abundance of earthworms in PTEs contaminated soils ii) the influence of PTEs on earthworm communities in contaminated soils iii) factors affecting earthworm PTEs accumulation and elimination, and iv) the dynamics and fate of PTEs in earthworm amended soils. The technical feasibility, knowledge gaps, and practical challenges have been worked out and critically discussed. Therefore, this review could provide a reference and guidance for bio-restoration of PTEs contaminated soils and shall also help developing innovative and applicable solutions for controlling PTEs bioavailability for the remediation of contaminated soils and the mitigation of the environment and human risks.
Characteristics of earthworm casts affecting herbicide sorption and movement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1996
DOI: 10.1007/BF00334585
Effect of exogenous carbon on the sorption and movement of atrazine and 2,4-D by soils
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/SR9960609
Abstract: Sorption and movement of 2 ionic herbicides (2,4-D and atrazine) by 3 soil materials (Tokomaru silt loam, Egmont silt loam, mine tailings) which were amended with different levels of exogenous carbon (C) materials (poultry manure, sewage sludge, mushroom compost, peat, pig manure) were examined using 14C-labelled compounds. The sorption of herbicides was measured using a batch technique and the movement was examined using soil columns in which a pulse of 14C-labelled herbicide was leached with dissolved organic C (DOC). Sorption of herbicides, as measured by the distribution coefficient (Kd), increased with increasing C addition, and varied between the C sources. The difference in the effect of C sources on the sorption of herbicides was related to the difference in the amount of DOC and the pH. The increase in the Kd values per unit C addition decreased with increasing amounts of both the exogenous C addition and the indigenous C in the soil material. In a separate study, the addition of DOC to solutions of herbicides prior to sorption measurements decreased the sorption of herbicides, whereas the addition of DOC to soil increased the sorption of herbicides. Column studies have shown that DOC enhanced the movement of herbicides in soils. The effect of DOC on the movement of herbicides varied between the soil materials and may be related to the difference in the sorption of both the herbicides and the DOC.
Virtual Reality Models for Promoting Learners Engagement in Construction Studies
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2019
Landfills as a biorefinery to produce biomass and capture biogas
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2012.08.135
Abstract: While landfilling provides a simple and economic means of waste disposal, it causes environmental impacts including leachate generation and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. With the introduction of gas recovery systems, landfills provide a potential source of methane (CH4) as a fuel source. Increasingly revegetation is practiced on traditionally managed landfill sites to mitigate environmental degradation, which also provides a source of biomass for energy production. Combustion of landfill gas for energy production contributes to GHG emission reduction mainly by preventing the release of CH4 into the atmosphere. Biomass from landfill sites can be converted to bioenergy through various processes including pyrolysis, liquefaction and gasification. This review provides a comprehensive overview on the role of landfills as a biorefinery site by focusing on the potential volumes of CH4 and biomass produced from landfills, the various methods of biomass energy conversion, and the opportunities and limitations of energy capture from landfills.
The ΦBT1 large serine recombinase catalyzes DNA integration at pseudo-attB sites in the genus Nocardia
Publisher: PeerJ
Date: 04-05-2018
DOI: 10.7717/PEERJ.4784
Abstract: Plasmid vectors based on bacteriophage integrases are important tools in molecular microbiology for the introduction of foreign DNA, especially into bacterial species where other systems for genetic manipulation are limited. Site specific integrases catalyze recombination between phage and bacterial attachment sites ( attP and attB , respectively) and the best studied integrases in the actinomycetes are the serine integrases from the Streptomyces bacteriophages ΦC31 and ΦBT1. As this reaction is unidirectional and highly stable, vectors containing phage integrase systems have been used in a number of genetic engineering applications. Plasmids bearing the ΦBT1 integrase have been used to introduce DNA into Streptomyces and Amycolatopsis strains however, they have not been widely studied in other actinobacterial genera. Here, we show that vectors based on ΦBT1 integrase can stably integrate into the chromosomes of a range of Nocardia species, and that this integration occurs despite the absence of canonical attB sites in these genomes. Furthermore, we show that a ΦBT1 integrase-based vector can insert at multiple pseudo- attB sites within a single strain and we determine the sequence of a pseudo- attB motif. These data suggest that ΦBT1 integrase-based vectors can be used to readily and semi-randomly introduce foreign DNA into the genomes of a range of Nocardia species. However, the precise site of insertion will likely require empirical determination in each species to avoid unexpected off-target effects.
Removal of nanoplastics in water treatment processes: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.157168
Abstract: Nanoplastics are drawing a significant attention as a result of their propensity to spread across the environment and pose a threat to all organisms. The presence of nanoplastics in water is given attention nowadays as the transit of nanoplastics occurs through the aquatic ecosphere besides terrestrial mobility. The principal removal procedures for macro-and micro-plastic particles are effective, but nanoparticles escape from the treatment, increasing in the water and significantly influencing the society. This critical review is aimed to bestow the removal technologies of nanoplastics from aquatic ecosystems, with a focus on the treatment of freshwater, drinking water, and wastewater, as well as the importance of transit and its impact on health concerns. Still, there exists a gap in providing a collective knowledge on the methods available for nanoplastics removal. Hence, this review offered various nanoplastic removal technologies (microorganism-based degradation, membrane separation with a reactor, and photocatalysis) that could be the practical/effective measures along with the traditional procedures (filtration, coagulation, centrifugation, flocculation, and gravity settling). From the analyses of different treatment systems, the effectiveness of nanoplastics removal depends on various factors, source, size, and type of nanoplastics apart from the treatment method adopted. Combined removal methods, filtration with coagulation offer great scope for the removal of nanoplastics from drinking water with >99 % efficiency. The collected data could serve as base-line information for future research and development in water nanoplastics cleanup.
In vitro activity of SPR719 against Mycobacterium ulcerans, Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium chimaera.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-07-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PNTD.0009636
Abstract: Nontuberculosis mycobacterial (NTM) infections are increasing in prevalence across the world. In many cases, treatment options for these infections are limited. However, there has been progress in recent years in the development of new antimycobacterial drugs. Here, we investigate the in vitro activity of SPR719, a novel aminobenzimidazole antibiotic and the active form of the clinical-stage compound, SPR720, against several isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans , Mycobacterium marinum and Mycobacterium chimaera . We show that SPR719 is active against these NTM species with a MIC range of 0.125–4 μg/ml and that this compares favorably with the commonly utilized antimycobacterial antibiotics, rif icin and clarithromycin. Our findings suggest that SPR720 should be further evaluated for the treatment of NTM infections.
Impacts of land uses on spatio-temporal variations of seasonal water quality in a regulated river basin, Huai River, China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.159584
Abstract: Land use impacts from agriculture, industrialization, and human population should be considered in surface water quality management. In this study, we utilized an integrated statistical analysis approach mainly including a seasonal Mann-Kendall test, clustering analysis, self-organizing map, Boruta algorithm, and positive matrix factorization to the assessment of the interactions between land use types and water quality in a typical catchment in the Huai River Basin, China, over seven years (2012-2019). Spatially, water quality was clustered into three groups: upstream, midstream, and downstream/mainstream areas. The water quality of upstream sites was better than of mid-, down-, and mainstream. Temporally, water quality did not change significantly during the study period. However, the temporal variation in water quality of up-, down-, and mainstream areas was more stable than in the midstream. The interactions between land use types and water quality parameters at the sub-basin scale varied with seasons. Increasing forest/grassland areas could substantially improve the water quality during the wet season, while nutrients such as phosphorus from cropland and developed land was a driver for water quality deterioration in the dry season. Water area was not a significant factor influencing the variations of ammonia nitrogen (NH
Silver contamination and its toxicity and risk management in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Corrigendum to ‘Stover retention rather than no-till decreases the global warming potential of rainfed continuous maize cropland’ [Field Crops Research 219 (2018) 14–23]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Effect of organic and inorganic phosphate fertilizers and their combination on maize yield and phosphorus availability in a Yellow Earth in Myanmar
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-08-2008
Treatment processes to eliminate potential environmental hazards and restore agronomic value of sewage sludge
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2021.118564
Abstract: Land application of sewage sludge is increasingly used as an alternative to landfilling and incineration owing to a considerable content of carbon and essential plant nutrients in sewage sludge. However, the presence of chemical and biological contaminants in sewage sludge poses potential dangers therefore, sewage sludge must be suitably treated before being applied to soils. The most common methods include anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, lime stabilization, incineration, and pyrolysis. These methods aim at stabilizing sewage sludge, to eliminate its potential environmental pollution and restore its agronomic value. To achieve best results on land, a comprehensive understanding of the transformation of organic matter, nutrients, and contaminants during these sewage-sludge treatments is essential however, this information is still lacking. This review aims to fill this knowledge gap by presenting various approaches to treat sewage sludge, transformation processes of some major nutrients and pollutants during treatment, and potential impacts on soils. Despite these treatments, overtime there are still some potential risks of land application of treated sewage sludge. Potentially toxic substances remain the main concern regarding the reuse of treated sewage sludge on land. Therefore, further treatment may be applied, and long-term field studies are warranted, to prevent possible adverse effects of treated sewage sludge on the ecosystem and human health and enable its land application.
Effects of excessive impregnation, magnesium content, and pyrolysis temperature on MgO-coated watermelon rind biochar and its lead removal capacity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Immobilization and phytoavailability of cadmium in variable charge soils. III. Effect of biosolid compost addition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2003
Progress in selected areas of rhizosphere research on P acquisition
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/SR02130
Abstract: Large reserves of P have accumulated in soils of developed countries because additions of P fertiliser to sustain agricultural production have exceeded crop removal. By contrast, in many developing countries in the tropics and subtropics, soil P reserves are gravely low and large additions are required before maintenance requirements begin to decline. In addition, the cost of P fertiliser will increase as the currently accessible deposits of high-grade phosphate rock (PR) diminish. Developing plants that efficiently tap soil P reserves and low grade PR is therefore a priority for agricultural research. For the 50th anniversary of the New Zealand Soil Science Society, this paper reviews research on P efficiency in plants, conducted by staff, students, and research associates of Massey University, in the context of other research into plant mechanisms that enhance P uptake, including effects of root geometry, mycorrhizal associations, and root-induced changes in the soil. Techniques for fractionation of soil P are highlighted.
Formation of nitrogen functionalities in biochar materials and their role in the mitigation of hazardous emerging organic pollutants from wastewater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Winter Flounder “Antifreeze” Proteins: Synthesis and Ice Growth Inhibition of Analogues that Probe the Relative Importance of Hydrophobic and Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-01-1999
DOI: 10.1021/JA9801341
Nanobiochar-rhizosphere interactions: Implications for the remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.118810
Abstract: Soil heavy metal contamination has increasingly become a serious environmental issue globally, nearing crisis proportions. There is an urgent need to find environmentally friendly materials to remediate heavy-metal contaminated soils. With the continuing maturation of research on using biochar (BC) for the remediation of contaminated soil, nano-biochar (nano-BC), which is an important fraction of BC, has gradually attracted increasing attention. Compared with BC, nano-BC has unique and useful properties for soil remediation, including a high specific surface area and hydrodynamic dispersivity. The efficacy of nano-BC for immobilization of non-degradable heavy-metal contaminants in soil systems, however, is strongly affected by plant rhizosphere processes, and there is very little known about the role that nano-BC play in these processes. The rhizosphere represents a dynamically complex soil environment, which, although having a small thickness, drives potentially large materials fluxes into and out of plants, notably agricultural foodstuffs, via large diffusive gradients. This article provides a critical review of over 140 peer-reviewed papers regarding nano-BC-rhizosphere interactions and the implications for the remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils. We conclude that, when using nano-BC to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil, the relationship between nano-BC and rhizosphere needs to be considered. Moreover, the challenges to extending our knowledge regarding the environmental risk of using nano-BC for remediation, as well as further research needs, are identified.
Designing advanced biochar products for maximizing greenhouse gas mitigation potential
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2016
Phytostabilization. A green approach to contaminant containment
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
Phosphorus-Induced (Im)mobilization of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Soils
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 08-10-2018
Leaching Effect on the Dissolution of Two Phosphate Rocks in Acid Soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1992
Phytoavailability of copper in the presence of recycled water sources
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-07-2011
nZVI-Based Nanomaterials Used for Phosphate Removal from Aquatic Systems
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NANO13030399
Abstract: In the last decade, the application of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has garnered great attention as an adsorbent due to its low cost, non-toxicity, high porosity, and BET-specific surface area. In particular, the immobilization of nZVI particles onto inorganic and organic substrates (nanocomposites) decreased its agglomeration, allowing them to be effective and achieve greater adsorption of pollutants than pristine nanoparticles (NPs). Although nZVI began to be used around 2004 to remove pollutants, there are no comprehensive review studies about phosphate removal from aquatic systems to date. For this reason, this study will show different types of nZVI, pristine nZVI, and its nanocomposites, that exist on the market, how factors such as pH solution, oxygen, temperature, doses of adsorbent, initial phosphate concentration, and interferents affect phosphate adsorption capacity, and mechanisms involved in phosphate removal. We determined that nanocomposites did not always have higher phosphate adsorption than pristine nZVI particles. Moreover, phosphate can be removed by nZVI-based nanoadsorbents through electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, chemisorption, reduction, complexation, hydrogen bonding, and precipitation mechanisms. Using the partition coefficient (PC) values, we found that sepiolite-nZVI is the most effective nanoadsorbent that exists to remove phosphate from aqueous systems. We suggest future studies need to quantify the PC values for nZVI-based nanoadsorbents as well as ought to investigate their phosphate removal efficiency under natural environmental conditions.
Are glass fiber particles released during the use of electronic cigarettes? Development of a semi-quantitative approach to detect glass particle emission due to vaping
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2018.04.032
Abstract: This study investigated the emission characteristics of glass particles resulting from smoking electronic cigarettes (ECs). First, the most suitable filter for the collection of glass particles was explored by examining the performance (reliability) of various types of filters. A polycarbonate filter was determined as the optimum choice to collect glass particles in EC aerosol. A cartomizer was filled with EC refill solution composed of an equal volume of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycol (VG). To simulate the potential conditions for glass particle emission, EC vaped aerosols were collected at three distinctive puffing intervals: (1) 0-10 puffs, (2) 101-110 puffs, and (3) 201-210 puffs (flow rate of 1 L min
Biosynthesis of Diverse Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Acyloins in Anaerobic Bacteria
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-06-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACSCHEMBIO.9B00228
Abstract: Metabolic profiling and genome mining revealed that anaerobic bacteria have the potential to produce acyloin natural products. In addition to sattazolin A and B, three new sattazolin congeners and a novel acyloin named clostrocyloin were isolated from three strains of
Chapter 15 The role of inhibitors in the bioavailability and mitigation of nitrogen losses in grassland ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Extended Use for the Frequency Response Analysis: Switching Impulse Voltage Based Preliminary Diagnosis of Potential Sources of Partial Discharges in Transformer
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/APP10228283
Abstract: The Frequency Response Analysis approach (FRA) is useful in the fault diagnosis of transformers. However, its usefulness in diagnosing any potential sources of Partial Discharge (PD) in transformers has not been thoroughly investigated so far. In this work, the use of Impulse voltage-based FRA (IFRA) in diagnosing inter-turn shorts and potential sources of PD were investigated on a 315 kVA, 11 kV/433 V transformer. Inter-turn shorts and PD sources were emulated and the usefulness of IFRA in their diagnosis was investigated while using switching impulse voltage at different magnitude levels as the test signals. For emulating the inter-turn shorts and the PDs, special tappings were provided on one of the 11 kV windings through the low capacitance bushings. Low voltage impulse was successful in diagnosing the inter-turn shorts, but unsuccessful in identifying the sources of PDs. During the test condition, the test voltage was adjusted with the presence of artificially created PD sources. The frequency response of the transformer before and after the inception of PD was observed and analyzed in this article. The FRA results demonstrated that the switching impulse voltage based IFRA approach at moderate voltages could be useful in diagnosing the presence of the potential sources of PDs.
Interaction of arsenic with biochar in soil and water: A critical review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Dissolution of phosphate rocks in soils. 1. Evaluation of extraction methods for the measurement of phosphate rock dissolution
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF01054677
Chapter 3 Bioavailability: Definition, assessment and implications for risk assessment
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Analysis of Rhizonin Biosynthesis Reveals Origin of Pharmacophoric Furylalanine Moieties in Diverse Cyclopeptides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2023
Abstract: Rhizonin A and B are hepatotoxic cyclopeptides produced by bacterial endosymbionts (Mycetohabitans endofungorum) of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus. Their toxicity critically depends on the presence of 3‐furylalanine (Fua) residues, which also occur in pharmaceutically relevant cyclopeptides of the endolide and bingchamide families. The biosynthesis and incorporation of Fua by non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), however, has remained elusive. By genome sequencing and gene inactivation we elucidated the gene cluster responsible for rhizonin biosynthesis. A suite of isotope labeling experiments identified tyrosine and l‐DOPA as Fua precursors and provided the first mechanistic insights. Bioinformatics, mutational analysis and heterologous reconstitution identified dioxygenase RhzB as necessary and sufficient for Fua formation. RhzB is a novel type of heme‐dependent aromatic oxygenases (HDAO) that enabled the discovery of the bingchamide biosynthesis gene cluster through genome mining.
Nitrogen Amendment Stimulated Decomposition of Maize Straw-Derived Biochar in a Sandy Loam Soil: A Short-Term Study
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 20-07-2015
Growth and chemical composition of legume‐based pasture irrigated with dairy farm effluent
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2004
Sorption of norfloxacin, sulfamerazine and oxytetracycline by KOH-modified biochar under single and ternary systems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2018.05.022
Abstract: Pollution of water by single antibiotics has been investigated in depth. However, in reality, a wide range of different contaminants is often mixed in the aquatic environment (contaminant cocktail). Here, single and competitive sorption dynamics of ionizable norfloxacin (NOR), sulfamerazine (SMR) and oxytetracycline (OTC) by both pristine and modified biochars were investigated. Sorption kinetics of the three antibiotics was faster in ternary-solute than single-solute system. Sorption efficiency was enhanced in the competitive system for NOR by the pristine biochar, and for OTC by both the pristine biochar and the modified biochar, while SMR sorption by the pristine biochar and the KOH-modified biochar was inhibited. Sorption was governed by electrostatic interactions, π-π EDA and H-bonds for antibiotics sorption by biochar. SMR and OTC sorption by biochar was influenced by cation bridging and surface complexation, respectively. This research finding will guide the development of treatment procedures for water polluted by multiple antibiotics.
A critical review on risk evaluation and hazardous management in carcass burial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Enhanced dissolution of phosphate rocks in the rhizosphere
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-1997
Sorption, kinetics and thermodynamics of phosphate sorption onto soybean stover derived biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Interactions between organic matter and Fe (hydr)oxides and their influences on immobilization and remobilization of metal(loid)s: A review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-09-2021
Bio-retention systems for storm water treatment and management in urban systems
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2016
Granulation of finely crystalline ammonium sulphate using calcium oxide and sulphuric acid
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF01064231
Chicken-manure-derived biochar reduced bioavailability of copper in a contaminated soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2015
Seasonal variation in infectivity of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in relation to plant response to applied phosphorus
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1983
DOI: 10.1071/SR9830207
Abstract: The effect of applied phosphorus on the growth of subterranean clover was studied in a virgin forest soil s le collected in summer and again in spring. The soil s le was used soon after it was collected. The shape of the response curve for plant growth differed greatly in the two experiments. This may be related to the presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in plants grown in the soil s le collected in summer and its absence in the soil s le collected in spring.
Temporal responses of microorganisms and native organic carbon mineralization to 13C-glucose addition in a sandy loam soil with long-term fertilization
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Sulfate and Calcium Movement in an Allophanic Soil—The Relevance of Ion‐Pair Adsorption in the Soil–Plant System
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-09-2009
Modelling the effect of adsorption of phosphate and other anions on the surface charge of variable charge oxides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1984
Silver nanoparticles in aquatic sediments: Occurrence, chemical transformations, toxicity, and analytical methods
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Microplastics as an emerging source of particulate air pollution: A critical review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Quantitative analysis on the mechanism of Cd2+ removal by MgCl2-modified biochar in aqueous solutions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Handbook of Metal-Microbe Interactions and Bioremediation
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 07-04-2017
Effect of dairy effluent on the biomass, transpiration, and elemental composition of Salix kinuyanagi Kimura
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the bioavailability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn to Sedum plumbizincicola
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Fe/Mn- and P-modified drinking water treatment residuals reduced Cu and Pb phytoavailability and uptake in a mining soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
An evaluation of methods for measurement of pesticides in sorption experiments
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-1998
A critical review on the role of mycorrhizal fungi in the uptake of phosphorus by plants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF00012037
Oak‐Associated Negativicute Equipped with Ancestral Aromatic Polyketide Synthase Produces Antimycobacterial Dendrubins
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-09-2020
Denitrification and N2O:N2 production in temperate grasslands: Processes, measurements, modelling and mitigating negative impacts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.11.050
Abstract: In this review we explore the biotic transformations of nitrogenous compounds that occur during denitrification, and the factors that influence denitrifier populations and enzyme activities, and hence, affect the production of nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) in soils. Characteristics of the genes related to denitrification are also presented. Denitrification is discussed with particular emphasis on nitrogen (N) inputs and dynamics within grasslands, and their impacts on the key soil variables and processes regulating denitrification and related gaseous N2O and N2 emissions. Factors affecting denitrification include soil N, carbon (C), pH, temperature, oxygen supply and water content. We understand that the N2O:N2 production ratio responds to the changes in these factors. Increased soil N supply, decreased soil pH, C availability and water content generally increase N2O:N2 ratio. The review also covers approaches to identify and quantify denitrification, including acetylene inhibition, (15)N tracer and direct N2 quantification techniques. We also outline the importance of emerging molecular techniques to assess gene ersity and reveal enzymes that consume N2O during denitrification and the factors affecting their activities and consider a process-based approach that can be used to quantify the N2O:N2 product ratio and N2O emissions with known levels of uncertainty in soils. Finally, we explore strategies to reduce the N2O:N2 product ratio during denitrification to mitigate N2O emissions. Future research needs to focus on evaluating the N2O-reducing ability of the denitrifiers to accelerate the conversion of N2O to N2 and the reduction of N2O:N2 ratio during denitrification.
Retention and plant availability of chromium in soils as affected by lime and organic matter amendments
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/SR00090
Abstract: Chromium is used as Cr(III) in the tannery industry and as Cr(VI) in the timber treatment industry. In this experiment, the effect of 2 liming materials [fluidised bed boiler ash (FBA) and lime] and an organic amendment (Pinus radiata bark) on the retention of Cr by 2 soils (Egmont and Tokomaru) was examined using both ‘batch’ and ‘column’ experiments. The effect of these amendments on the uptake of Cr from the Egmont soil, treated with various levels of Cr (0–3200 mg Cr/kg soil), was examined using sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants. The transformation of Cr was examined by fractionation of Cr in soils. Addition of FBA and lime increased the retention of Cr(III), but had the opposite effect on the retention of Cr(VI). Addition of bark did not affect the retention of Cr(III), but it increased the retention of Cr(VI). Increasing additions of Cr increased Cr concentration in plants, resulting in decreased plant growth. The liming materials were found to be effective in reducing the phytotoxicity of Cr(III) and the Pinus radiata bark was effective for Cr(VI). In both Cr(III)- and Cr(VI)-contaminated soils, the concentrations of Cr were higher in the organic-bound, oxide-bound, and residual fractions than in the soluble and the exchangeable fractions. The concentrations of Cr in the soluble and the exchangeable fractions were higher in the Cr(VI)-contaminated than the Cr(III)-contaminated soil. Addition of the liming materials decreased the concentration of the soluble Cr(III) and bark decreased soluble Cr(VI) in soil. There was evidence for the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the bark-treated soils.
Sustainable remediation and redevelopment of brownfield sites
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2023
Increasing tolerance of hospital Enterococcus faecium to hand-wash alcohols
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 16-05-2016
DOI: 10.1101/053728
Abstract: Alcohol-based hand rubs are international pillars of hospital infection control, restricting transmission of pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus . Despite this success, health care infections caused by Enterococcus faecium (Efm) - another multidrug resistant pathogen - are increasing. We tested alcohol tolerance of 139 hospital Efm isolates, obtained between 1997 and 2015 and found Efm post-2010 were 10-fold more tolerant to alcohol killing than older isolates. Using a mouse infection control model, we then showed that alcohol tolerant Efm resisted standard 70% isopropanol surface disinfection and led to gastrointestinal colonization significantly more often than alcohol sensitive Efm. We next looked for bacterial genomic signatures of adaptation. Tolerant Efm have independently accumulated mutations modifying genes involved in carbohydrate uptake and metabolism. Mutagenesis confirmed their roles in isopropanol tolerance. These findings suggest bacterial adaptation and complicate infection control recommendations. Additional policies and procedures to prevent Efm spread are required.
Carbon storage in a heavy clay soil landfill site after biosolid application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.12.093
Abstract: Applying organic amendments including biosolids and composts to agricultural land could increase carbon (C) storage in soils and contribute significantly to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Although a number of studies have examined the potential value of biosolids as a soil conditioner and nutrient source, there has been only limited work on the impact of biosolid application on C sequestration in soils. The objective of this study was to examine the potential value of biosolids in C sequestration in soils. Two types of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of biosolid application on C sequestration. In the first laboratory incubation experiment, the rate of decomposition of a range of biosolid s les was compared with other organic amendments including composts and biochars. In the second field experiment, the effect of biosolids on the growth of two bioenergy crops, Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) on a landfill site was examined in relation to biomass production and C sequestration. The rate of decomposition varied amongst the organic amendments, and followed: composts>biosolids>biochar. There was a hundred fold difference in the rate of decomposition between biochar and other organic amendments. The rate of decomposition of biosolids decreased with increasing iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) contents of biosolids. Biosolid application increased the dry matter yield of both plant species (by 2-2.5 fold), thereby increasing the biomass C input to soils. The rate of net C sequestration resulting from biosolid application (Mg C ha(-1) yr(-1) Mg(-1) biosolids) was higher for mustard (0.103) than sunflower (0.087). Biosolid application is likely to result in a higher level of C sequestration when compared to other management strategies including fertilizer application and conservation tillage, which is attributed to increased microbial biomass, and Fe and Al oxide-induced immobilization of C.
The polymers and their additives in particulate plastics: What makes them hazardous to the fauna?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153828
Abstract: Due to the increasing concerns on global ecosystems and human health, the environmental risks posed by microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have become an important topic of research. Their ecological impacts on various faunal species have been extensively researched and reviewed. However, the majority of those studies perceive these micro(nano)-plastics (MNPs) as a single entity rather than a collective term for a group of chemically distinct polymeric particulates. Each of the plastic polymers can possess unique physical and chemical behavior, which, in turn, can determine the possible environmental impacts. Furthermore, many studies explore the adsorption, absorption, and release of other environmental pollutants by MNPs. But only a handful of them explore the leaching of additives possessed by these polymers. Data on the environmental behavior and toxicity of in idual additives associated with different polymer particulates are scarce. Knowledge about the leachability and ecotoxicity of the additives associated with environmental MNPs (unlike large plastic particles) remains limited. The ecological impacts of different MNPs together with their additives and the basis of their toxicity have not been explored yet. The present review systematically explores the potential implications of environmentally predominant polymers and their associated additives and discusses their physicochemical characteristics. The review ultimately aims to provide novel insights on what components precisely make MNPs hazardous to the fauna. The paper also discusses the major challenges proposed in the available literature along with recommendations for future research to throw light on possible solutions to overcome the hazards of MNPs.
Cannabis contaminants: sources, distribution, human toxicity and pharmacologic effects
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/BCP.13695
Environmental Applications of Chitosan and Its Derivatives
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 11-10-2015
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10479-9_1
Abstract: Chitosan originates from the seafood processing industry and is one of the most abundant of bio-waste materials. Chitosan is a by-product of the alkaline deacetylation process of chitin. Chemically, chitosan is a polysaccharide that is soluble in acidic solution and precipitates at higher pHs. It has great potential for certain environmental applications, such as remediation of organic and inorganic contaminants, including toxic metals and dyes in soil, sediment and water, and development of contaminant sensors. Traditionally, seafood waste has been the primary source of chitin. More recently, alternative sources have emerged such as fungal mycelium, mushroom and krill wastes, and these new sources of chitin and chitosan may overcome seasonal supply limitations that have existed. The production of chitosan from the above-mentioned waste streams not only reduces waste volume, but alleviates pressure on landfills to which the waste would otherwise go. Chitosan production involves four major steps, viz., deproteination, demineralization, bleaching and deacetylation. These four processes require excessive usage of strong alkali at different stages, and drives chitosan's production cost up, potentially making the application of high-grade chitosan for commercial remediation untenable. Alternate chitosan processing techniques, such as microbial or enzymatic processes, may become more cost-effective due to lower energy consumption and waste generation. Chitosan has proved to be versatile for so many environmental applications, because it possesses certain key functional groups, including - OH and -NH2 . However, the efficacy of chitosan is diminished at low pH because of its increased solubility and instability. These deficiencies can be overcome by modifying chitosan's structure via crosslinking. Such modification not only enhances the structural stability of chitosan under low pH conditions, but also improves its physicochemical characteristics, such as porosity, hydraulic conductivity, permeability, surface area and sorption capacity. Crosslinked chitosan is an excellent sorbent for trace metals especially because of the high flexibility of its structural stability. Sorption of trace metals by chitosan is selective and independent of the size and hardness of metal ions, or the physical form of chitosan (e.g., film, powder and solution). Both -OH and -NH2 groups in chitosan provide vital binding sites for complexing metal cations. At low pH, -NH3 + groups attract and coagulate negatively charged contaminants such as metal oxyanions, humic acids and dye molecules. Grafting certain functional molecules into the chitin structure improves sorption capacity and selectivity for remediating specific metal ions. For ex le, introducing sulfur and nitrogen donor ligands to chitosan alters the sorption preference for metals. Low molecular weight chitosan derivatives have been used to remediate metal contaminated soil and sediments. They have also been applied in permeable reactive barriers to remediate metals in soil and groundwater. Both chitosan and modified chitosan have been used to phytoremediate metals however, the mechanisms by which they assist in mobilizing metals are not yet well understood. In addition, microbes have been used in combination with chitosan to remediate metals (e.g., Cu and Zn) in contaminated soils. Chitosan has also been used to remediate organic contaminants, such as oil-based wastewater, dyes, tannins, humic acids, phenols, bisphenoi-A, p-benzoquinone, organo-phosphorus insecticides, among others. Chitosan has also been utilized to develop optical and electrochemical sensors for in-situ detection of trace contaminants. In sensor technology, naturally-derived chitosan is used primarily as an immobilizing agent that results from its enzyme compatibility, and stabilizing effect on nanoparticles. Contaminant-sensing agents, such as enzymes, microbes and nanoparticles, have been homogeneously immobilized in chitosan gels by using coagulating (e.g., alginate, phosphate) or crosslinking agents (e.g., GA, ECH). Such immobilization maintains the stability of sensing elements in the chitosan gel phase, and prevents inactivation and loss of the sensing agent. In this review, we have shown that chitosan, an efficient by-product of a waste biomaterial, has great potential for many environmental applications. With certain limitations, chitosan and its derivatives can be used for remediating contaminated soil and wastewater. Notwithstanding, further research is needed to enhance the physicochemical properties of chitosan and mitigate its deficiencies.
Clay minerals-organic matter interactions in relation to carbon stabilization in soils
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Genomics‐Driven Discovery of NO‐Donating Diazeniumdiolate Siderophores in Diverse Plant‐Associated Bacteria
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2019
Abstract: Siderophores are key players in bacteria–host interactions, with the main function to provide soluble iron for their producers. Gramibactin from rhizosphere bacteria expands siderophore function and ersity as it delivers iron to the host plant and features an unusual diazeniumdiolate moiety for iron chelation. By mutational analysis of the grb gene cluster, we identified genes (grbD and grbE) necessary for diazeniumdiolate formation. Genome mining using a GrbD‐based network revealed a broad range of orthologous gene clusters in mainly plant‐associated Burkholderia/Paraburkholderia species. Two new types of diazeniumdiolate siderophores, megapolibactins and plantaribactin were fully characterized. In vitro assays and in vivo monitoring experiments revealed that the iron chelators also liberate nitric oxide (NO) in plant roots. This finding is important since NO donors are considered as biofertilizers that maintain iron homeostasis and increase overall plant fitness.
The Effect of Adsorption on Sulfate Leaching
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1986
Integrated assessment of the impact of land use types on soil pollution by potentially toxic elements and the associated ecological and human health risk
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.118911
Abstract: The impact of land use type on the content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and the associated ecological and human health risks has drawn great attention. Consequently, in this study, top- and subsurface soil s les were collected from areas with four different land uses (i.e., cropland, forest, grassland, and developed area) and the total contents of Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were determined. Geostatistical analysis, self-organizing map (SOM), and positive matrix factorization (PMF), ecological risk assessment (ERA) and human health risk assessment (HRA) were applied and used to classify and identify the contamination sources and assess the potential risk. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was applied to clarify the relationship of land use with PTE contents and risk. The PTE contents in all topsoil s les surpassed the respective background concentrations of China and corresponding subsurface concentrations. However, the ecological risk of all soil s les remained at a moderate or considerable level across the four land use types. Developed area and cropland showed a higher ecological risk than the other two land use types. Industrial discharges (32.8%), agricultural inputs (22.6%), natural sources (23.7%), and traffic emissions (20.9%) were the primary PTE sources in the tested soils, which indicate that anthropogenic activities have significantly affected soil PTE contents to a greater extent than other sources. Industrial discharge was the most prominent source of non-carcinogenic health risk, contributing 37.7% for adults and 35.2% for children of the total risk. The results of PLS-PM revealed that land use change associated with intensive human activities such as industrial activities and agricultural practices distinctly affected the PTE contents in soils of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Parameter Estimation of an Adsorption Model for Describing Ion‐Pair Adsorption
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2009
Sulfur-Containing Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives as Trace Metal Adsorbents: A Review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
Comparative study on the characteristics and environmental risk of potentially toxic elements in biochar obtained via pyrolysis of swine manure at lab and pilot scales
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153941
Abstract: Pyrolysis is considered as a promising method to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in animal manures. However, comparative study on characteristics and environmental risk of PTEs in biochar obtained by pyrolysis of animal manure at different reactors are lacking. In this study, swine manure was pyrolyzed at 300-600 °C in a lab-scale or pilot-scale reactor with the aim to investigate their effects on characteristics and environmental risk of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in swine manure biochar. Results showed that biochars produced from pilot scale had lower pH and carbon (C) content but higher oxygen (O) content than those from lab scale. Biochars from pilot scale had higher total PTEs (except Cd) concentrations and releasable PTEs (except Pb) but lower CaCl
Production, characterisation, utilisation, and beneficial soil application of steel slag: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Retention Mechanisms of Citric Acid in Ternary Kaolinite-Fe(III)-Citrate Acid Systems Using Fe K-edge EXAFS and L3,2-edge XANES Spectroscopy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-05-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP26127
Abstract: Organic carbon (OC) stability in tropical soils is strongly interlinked with multivalent cation interaction and mineral association. Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) represent the readily biodegradable OC. Therefore, investigating retention mechanisms of LMWOAs in mineral-cation-LMWOAs systems is critical to understanding soil C cycling. Given the general acidic conditions and dominance of kaolinite in tropical soils, we investigated the retention mechanisms of citric acid (CA) in kaolinite-Fe(III)-CA systems with various Fe/CA molar ratios at pH ~3.5 using Fe K-edge EXAFS and L 3,2 -edge XANES techniques. With Fe/CA molar ratios , the formed ferrihydrite mainly contributed to CA retention through adsorption and/or coprecipitation. With Fe/CA molar ratios from 2 to 0.5, ternary complexation of CA to kaolinite via a five-coordinated Fe(III) bridge retained higher CA than ferrihydrite-induced adsorption and/or coprecipitation. With Fe/CA molar ratios ≤0.5, kaolinite-Fe(III)-citrate complexation preferentially occurred, but less CA was retained than via outer-sphere kaolinite-CA complexation. This study highlighted the significant impact of varied Fe/CA molar ratios on CA retention mechanisms in kaolinite-Fe(III)-CA systems under acidic conditions and clearly showed the important contribution of Fe-bridged ternary complexation on CA retention. These findings will enhance our understanding of the dynamics of CA and other LMWOAs in tropical soils.
Current research trends on micro- and nano-plastics as an emerging threat to global environment: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Structure and Biosynthesis of Isatropolones, Bioactive Amine‐Scavenging Fluorescent Natural Products from Streptomyces Gö66
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-03-2017
Abstract: The natural products isatropolone A-C (1-3) were reisolated from Streptomyces Gö66, with 1 and 3 showing potent activity against Leishmania donovani. They contain a rare tropolone ring derived from a type II polyketide biosynthesis pathway. Their biosynthesis was elucidated by labeling experiments, analysis of the biosynthesis gene cluster, its partial heterologous expression, and structural characterization of various intermediates. Owing to their 1,5-diketone moiety, they can react with ammonia, amines, lysine, and lysine-containing peptides and proteins, which results in the formation of a covalent bond and subsequent pyridine ring formation. Their fluorescence properties change upon amine binding, enabling the simple visualization of reacted amines including proteins.
Efficient and selective removal of SeVI and AsV mixed contaminants from aqueous media by montmorillonite-nanoscale zero valent iron nanocomposite
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Influence of 16 years of fertilization and manuring on carbon sequestration and agronomic productivity of groundnut in vertisol of semi-arid tropics of Western India
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 17-12-2020
Review on distribution, fate, and management of potentially toxic elements in incinerated medical wastes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Genome mining for ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) in anaerobic bacteria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2014
Removal of Ammonium Ions from Fellmongery Effluent by Zeolite
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2003
Development of a buried bag technique to study biochars incorporated in a compost or composting medium
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2016
A practical soil washing method for use in a Cd-contaminated paddy field, with simple on-site wastewater treatment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Deciphering the genetic basis for polyketide variation among mycobacteria producing mycolactones
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-10-2008
Abstract: Mycolactones are immunosuppressive and cytotoxic polyketides, comprising five naturally occurring structural variants (named A/B, C, D, E and F), produced by different species of very closely related mycobacteria including the human pathogen, Mycobacterium ulcerans . In M. ulcerans strain Agy99, mycolactone A/B is produced by three highly homologous type I polyketide megasynthases (PKS), whose genes ( mlsA1 : 51 kb, mlsA2 : 7.2 kb and mlsB : 42 kb) are found on a 174 kb plasmid, known as pMUM001. We report here comparative genomic analysis of pMUM001, the complete DNA sequence of a 190 kb megaplasmid (pMUM002) from Mycobacterium liflandii 128FXT and partial sequence of two additional pMUM replicons, combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. These data reveal how PKS module and domain differences affecting MlsB correlate with the production of mycolactones E and F. For mycolactone E these differences from MlsB in M. ulcerans Agy99 include replacement of the AT domain of the loading module (acetate to propionate) and the absence of an entire extension module. For mycolactone F there is also a reduction of one extension module but also a swap of ketoreductase domains that explains the characteristic stereochemistry of the two terminal side-chain hydroxyls, an arrangement unique to mycolactone F The mycolactone PKS locus on pMUM002 revealed the same large, three-gene structure and extraordinary pattern of near-identical PKS domain sequence repetition as observed in pMUM001 with greater than 98.5% nucleotide identity among domains of the same function. Intra- and inter-strain comparisons suggest that the extreme sequence homogeneity seen among the mls PKS genes is caused by frequent recombination-mediated domain replacement. This work has shed light on the evolution of mycolactone biosynthesis among an unusual group of mycobacteria and highlights the potential of the mls locus to become a toolbox for combinatorial PKS biochemistry.
Soil acidification and liming interactions with nutrientand heavy metal transformationand bioavailability
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2003
Plant and soil factors including mycorrhizal infection causing sigmoidal response of plants to applied phosphorus
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1983
DOI: 10.1007/BF02197715
Symbiosis, virulence and natural-product biosynthesis in entomopathogenic bacteria are regulated by a small RNA
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2020
Enhancing phytoextraction of potentially toxic elements in a polluted floodplain soil using sulfur-impregnated organoclay
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2019.02.073
Abstract: Enhancing metals phytoextraction using gentile mobilizing agents might be an appropriate approach to increase the phytoextraction efficiency and to shorten the phytoremediation duration. The effect of sulfur-impregnated organoclay (SIOC) on the redistribution of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) among their geochemical fractions in soils and their plant uptake has not yet been studied. Therefore, our aim is to investigate the role of different SIOC application doses (1%, 3% and 5%) on operationally defined geochemical fractions (soluble + exchangeable bound to carbonate manganese oxide organic matter sulfide poorly- and well-crystalline Fe oxide and residual fraction) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and their accumulation by pea (Pisum sativum) and corn (Zea mays) in a greenhouse pot experiment using a polluted floodplain soil. The SIOC caused a significant decrease in soil pH, and an increase in organic carbon and total sulfur content in the soil. The addition of SIOC increased significantly the soluble + exchangeable fraction and bioavailability of the metals. The SIOC leads to a transformation of the residual, organic, and Fe-Mn oxide fractions of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn to the soluble + exchangeable fraction. The SIOC addition increased the potential mobile (non-residual) fraction of Cr and Pb. The SIOC increased the sulfide fraction of Cr, Ni, and Zn, while it decreased the same fraction for Cd, Cu, and Pb. The effect of SIOC on the redistribution of metal fractions increased with enhancing application dosages. Pea accumulated more metals than corn with greater accumulation in the roots than shoots. Application of the higher dose of SIOC promoted the metals accumulation by roots and their translocation to shoots of pea and corn. Our results suggest the potential suitability of SIOC for enhancing the phytomanagement of PTEs polluted soils and reducing the environmental risk of these pollutants.
Potential of Novel Bacterial Consortium for the Remediation of Chromium Contamination
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-11-2013
Wood-based biochar for the removal of potentially toxic elements in water and wastewater: a critical review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-07-2018
Bamboo- and pig-derived biochars reduce leaching losses of dibutyl phthalate, cadmium, and lead from co-contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.01.162
Abstract: Biochar effect on the potential mobility of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in co-contaminated soils is not well investigated. A laboratory leaching study was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochars derived from bamboo (BB) and pig (PB) on the leachability of DBP, Cd, and Pb through soil columns packed with two soils with low or high organic carbon content (LOC 0.35% C: HOC 2.24% C) and spiked with DBP, Cd, and Pb. Application of PB to the LOC soil significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the leaching loss by up to 88% for DBP, 38% for Cd, and 71% for Pb, whereas its impact was insignificant in the HOC soil. The higher efficacy of PB in reducing the leaching of DBP, Cd, and Pb in the LOC soil than that of BB might be related to PB's higher specific surface area, surface alkalinity, pH, and mineral contents compared to those of BB. Co-contamination of Cd and Pb enhanced leaching of DBP in the LOC soil treated with PB, possibly by competition for the sorption sites. Leaching of DBP, Cd, and Pb were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the LOC soil than in the HOC soil. This study revealed that the effectiveness of biochars was dependent on the soil organic carbon content. Application of PB to the LOC soil was effective in reducing the leaching risk of DBP, Cd, and Pb.
Impact of wastewater derived dissolved organic carbon on reduction, mobility, and bioavailability of As(V) and Cr(VI) in contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.08.020
Abstract: In this work, the effects of various wastewater sources (storm water, sewage effluent, piggery effluent, and dairy effluent) on the reduction, and subsequent mobility and bioavailability of arsenate [As(V)] and chromate [Cr(VI)] were compared using both spiked and field contaminated soils. Wastewater addition to soil can increase the supply of carbon, nutrients, and stimulation of microorganisms which are considered to be important factors enhancing the reduction of metal(loid)s including As and Cr. The wastewater-induced mobility and bioavailability of As(V) and Cr(VI) were examined using leaching, earthworm, and soil microbial activity tests. The rate of reduction of As(V) was much less than that of Cr(VI) both in the presence and absence of wastewater addition. Wastewater addition increased the reduction of both As(V) and Cr(VI) compared to the control (Milli-Q water) and the effect was more pronounced in the case of Cr(VI). The leaching experiment indicated that Cr(VI) was more mobile than As(V). Wastewater addition increased the mobility and bioavailability of As(V), but had an opposite effect on Cr(VI). The difference in the mobility and bioavailability of Cr(VI) and As(V) between wastewater sources can be attributed to the difference in their dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content. The DOC provides carbon as an electron donor for the reduction of As(V) and Cr(VI) and also serves as a complexing agent thereby impacting their mobility and bioavailability. The DOC-induced reduction increased both the mobility and bioavailability of As, but it caused an opposite effect in the case of Cr.
Distribution, transformation and remediation of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in wastewater sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
A critical review on performance indicators for evaluating soil biota and soil health of biochar-amended soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Physical and chemical properties of biochars co-composted with biowastes and incubated with a chicken litter compost
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.05.065
Abstract: Two experiments were conducted where three biochars, made from macadamia nutshell (MS), hardwood shaving (WS) and chicken litter (CL), were co-composted with chicken manure and sawdust, and also incubated with a chicken litter based commercial compost. Biochars were added at the rates of 5% and 10% in the co-composting and 10% and 20% in the incubation experiment. The rates of biochar had no consistent effect on the change in element contents of composted- or incubated-biochars. The biochar C demonstrated recalcitrance in both composting and incubation systems. Composting increased the CEC of biochars probably due to thermophilic oxidation. The increases in CEC of WS and CL were 6.5 and 2.2 times, respectively, for composting. Translocation of elements, between biochar and compost medium, occurred in both directions. In most cases, biochars gained elements under the influence of positive difference of concentrations (i.e., when compost medium had higher concentration of elements than biochar), while in some cases they lost elements despite a positive difference. Biochar lost some elements (WS: B CL: B, Mg and S) under the influence of negative difference of concentrations. Some biochars showed strong affinity for B, C, N and S: the concentration of these elements gained by biochars surpassed the concentration in the respective composting medium. The material difference in the biochars did not have influence on N retention: all three netbag-biochars increased their N content. The cost of production of biochar-compost will be lower in co-composting than incubation, which involves two separate processes, i.e., composting and subsequent incubation.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on metallophyte and agricultural plants growing at increasing copper levels
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Trace element dynamics of biosolids-derived microbeads
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.01.166
Abstract: This study focused on quantifying and characterising microbeads in biosolids (i.e., treated sewage sludge), and in examining interactions of microbeads with trace elements when biosolids are added to soil. Under laboratory conditions, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption of Cu onto pure and surface modified microbeads suspended in soil. The ecotoxicity of microbead-metal complexes to soil microbial activities was also investigated by monitoring basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity. Concentrations of the microbeads were 352, 146, 324, and 174 particles kg
Beryllium contamination and its risk management in terrestrial and aquatic environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2023
Dissolution and redistribution of trace elements and nutrients during dredging of iron monosulfide enriched sediments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.01.164
Abstract: The increased use of estuarine waters for commercial and recreational activities is one consequence of urbanisation. Western Australia's Peel-Harvey Estuary highlights the impacts of urbanisation, with a rapidly developing boating industry and periodic dredging activity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the potential mobility of nutrients and trace elements during dredging, and the influence of flocculation on iron and sulfur partitioning in iron monosulfide enriched sediments. Our findings indicate a short-term increase in nitrate, phosphate and ammonium, during dredging through the resuspension of sediments. However, no increase in metal mobilisation during dredging was observed except copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Flocculant addition increased the release of nutrients, zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) from sediments, had no effect on acid volatile sulfides and pyritic sulfur, but corresponded with an initial sharp rise in elemental sulfur concentrations. The run-off water from geofabric bags should be treated to decrease the concentrations of Zn and As to their background levels before releases into the estuary. Long-term impact of dredging on organic matter mineralisation and its subsequent effect on nutrients and trace elements dynamics needs further investigation.
Biochar composites: Emerging trends, field successes and sustainability implications
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-06-2021
DOI: 10.1111/SUM.12731
Abstract: Engineered biochars are promising candidates in a wide range of environmental applications, including soil fertility improvement, contaminant immobilization, wastewater treatment and in situ carbon sequestration. This review provides a systematic classification of these novel biochar composites and identifies the promising future trends in composite research and application. It is proposed that metals, minerals, layered double hydroxides, carbonaceous nanomaterials and microorganisms enhance the performances of biochars via distinct mechanisms. In this review, four novel trends are identified and assessed critically. Firstly, facile synthesis methods, in particular ball milling and co‐pyrolysis, have emerged as popular composite fabrication strategies that are suitable for large‐scale applications. Secondly, biochar modification with green materials, such as natural clay minerals and microorganisms, align well with the on‐going green and sustainable remediation (GSR) movement. Furthermore, new applications in soil health improvement and climate change mitigation support the realization of United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Finally, the importance of field studies is getting more attention, since evidence of field success is critically needed before large‐scale applications.
Chapter 17 Biological transformation and bioavailability of nutrient elements in acid soils as affected by liming
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
A comparison of sequential extraction procedures for measuring phosphate rock residues in soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00750637
The Cell Wall-Associated Mycolactone Polyketide Synthases Are Necessary but Not Sufficient for Mycolactone Biosynthesis
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-07-2013
A transfer function approach to modeling the leaching of solutes to subsurface drains .II. Reactive solutes
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1071/SR9940085
Abstract: Leaching losses of sulfate-sulfur (S) through mole drains at 450 mm depth in two adjacent paddocks were measured for three years. Sulfur was applied in autumn at the rate of 50 and 30 kg S ha-1 in the first and second years respectively, as single superphosphate to one paddock and as elemental sulfur to the other. The concentration in the drainage was mostly between 5 and 10 g S m-3 from the superphosphate-treated paddock, and between 1 and 5 g S m-3 from the elemental S treated paddock. Simultaneous collection and analysis of suction cup and soil s les from 250 mm depth on a number of occasions provided data from which a sulfate adsorption isotherm was constructed. Soil s ling suggested 60% of the superphosphate was immobilized within a week of application. After that net mineralization of sulfate occurred. Sulfate S drainage concentrations were successfully simulated for most of the drainage periods, by using a transfer function derived from chloride and bromide leaching data from the same site and the measured sulfate adsorption isotherm. Oxidation of elemental S, net mineralization, rainfall addition, and herbage uptake of S were incorporated into the model through their effects on the sulfate concentration of the solution entering the soil's transport volume. This meant the convolution integral in the transfer function equation had to be evaluated numerically. Inadequate description of the dynamics of mineralization appeared to be the main weakness of the model, rather than the simplifying assumption that the soil's transport volume could be treated as a well mixed system.
The impact of biosolids application on organic carbon and carbon dioxide fluxes in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2017.09.090
Abstract: A field study was conducted on two texturally different soils to determine the influences of biosolids application on selected soil chemical properties and carbon dioxide fluxes. Two sites, located in Manildra (clay loam) and Grenfell (sandy loam), in Australia, were treated at a single level of 70 Mg ha
Spectroscopic investigations and density functional theory calculations reveal differences in retention mechanisms of lead and copper on chemically-modified phytolith-rich biochars
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.134590
Abstract: A better understanding of different retention mechanisms of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by biochars during the remediation of contaminated sites is critically needed. In this study, different spectroscopic techniques including synchrotron-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF), X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS), and near-edge XAFS spectroscopy (NEXAFS), were used to investigate the spatial distributions and retention mechanisms of lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) on phytolith-rich coconut-fiber biochar (CFB), and ammonia, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide modified CFB (MCFB) (i.e., ACFB, NCFB and HCFB). The μ-XRF analyses indicated that sorption sites on ACFB and NCFB were more efficient compared to those on CFB and HCFB to bind Pb/Cu. XAFS analyses revealed that the percentage of Pb species as Pb(C
Physical, chemical, and microbial contaminants in food waste management for soil application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.118860
Abstract: Currently, 1.3 billion tonnes of food are thrown away each year, most of which are incinerated or landfilled causing large environmental, social, and economic issues. Therefore, the utilisation of food waste as biofertilisers, such as composts and digestates, is a solution to reduce the problems created by incineration and landfilling whilst simultaneously amending soils. The improper disposal of food wastes and bulking materials can contribute to high levels of contaminants within the end-product. Moreover, the food waste and bulking materials, themselves, may contain trace amounts of contaminants. These contaminants tend to have long half-lives, are easily mobile within soil and plants, can accumulate within the food supply chain, and have moderate to high levels of toxicity. This review aims to examine the current and emerging contaminants of high concern that impact the quality of food-waste fertilisers. The paper presents the volume of current and emerging contaminants of plastics, other physical (particulate) contaminants, heavy metals, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and pathogens within food-waste composts and digestates. Due to the large extent of organic chemical contaminants and the unknown level of toxicity and persistence, the risk assessment of organic chemical contaminants in the food-supply chain remains largely unknown. This study has presented available data from literature of various contaminants found in food waste, and composts and digestates derived from food waste, and evaluated the data with current regulations globally. Overall, to reduce contaminants in composts and digestates, more studies are required on the implementation of proper disposal separation, effective composting and digestion practices, increased screening of physical contaminants, development of compostable plastics, and increased regulatory policies on emerging, problematic contaminants. Moreover, examination of emerging contaminants in food-waste composts and digestates is needed to ensure food security and reduce future human-health risks.
Rhizoreduction of arsenate and chromate in Australian native grass, shrub and tree vegetation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2012
DDT remediation in contaminated soils: A review of recent studies
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-08-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S10532-012-9575-4
Abstract: Over the past few decades significant progress has been made in research on DDT degradation in the environment. This review is an update of some of the recent studies on the degradation and biodegradation pathways of DDT and its metabolites, particularly in soils. The latest reports on human toxicity shows that DDT intake is still occurring even in countries that banned its use decades ago. Ageing, sequestration and formation of toxic metabolites during the degradation processes pose environmental challenges and result in difficulties in bioremediation of DDT contaminated soils. Degradation enhancement strategies such as the addition of chelators, low molecular organic acids, co-solvent washing and the use of sodium and seaweeds as ameliorant have been studied to accelerate degradation. This review describes and discusses the recent challenges and degradation enhancement strategies for DDT degradation by potentially cost effective procedures based on bioremediation.
Greenhouse gas emission from wastewater irrigated soils
Publisher: WIT Press
Date: 11-12-2012
DOI: 10.2495/SI120191
Impact of waste-derived organic and inorganic amendments on the mobility and bioavailability of arsenic and cadmium in alkaline and acid soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-06-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-018-2655-1
Abstract: In agriculture, more and more frequently waste-derived amendments are applied to soil to improve physical and chemical properties. Nevertheless, in soils polluted by potentially toxic metal(loid)s, this agricultural practice may significantly affect the mobility and bioavailability of pollutants modifying the risks for biota and human health. This work was aimed to assess the influence of poultry manure, biochar and coal fly ash on the mobility and bioavailability of As and Cd spiked in two Australian soils with different pH and texture: Mount Gambier (MGB)-alkaline sandy clay loam and Kapuda (KPD)-acid loamy sand. After 4 weeks of incubation from spiking and another 4 weeks from amendment addition, the soils were analysed for pH and amounts of As and Cd in pore-water and following 1 M NH
Persuasive Virtual Reality: Promoting Earth Buildings in New Zealand
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Co-adsorption mechanisms of Cd(II) and As(III) by an Fe-Mn binary oxide biochar in aqueous solution
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Microbial control of soil carbon turnover
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Interactions between white and black carbon in water: A case study of concurrent aging of microplastics and biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Pristine and iron-engineered animal- and plant-derived biochars enhanced bacterial abundance and immobilized arsenic and lead in a contaminated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Environmental fate, toxicity and risk management strategies of nanoplastics in the environment: Current status and future perspectives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Absorption of Ammonia Released from Poultry Manure to Soil and Bark and the Use of Absorbed Ammonia in Solubilizing Phosphate Rock
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1993
Assessment of nitrogen losses through nitrous oxide from abattoir wastewater-irrigated soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-08-2016
Tree Species for Recovering Nitrogen from Dairy‐Farm Effluent in New Zealand
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2001
Abstract: Land treatment of dairy-farm effluent is being widely adopted as an alternative to disposal into surface waters in New Zealand. This study investigated water balances and associated N leaching from short-rotation forest (SRF) species irrigated with dairy-farm effluent. Single trees were grown in lysimeters filled with Manawatu fine sandy loam (mixed mesic Dystric Eutrochrept). Dairy-farm effluent was applied during two irrigation periods at 21.5 mm wk(-1) with a total loading equivalent to 870 kg N ha(-1) occurring over 17 mo. Following tree harvest in April 1997, measurements continued until August 1997 to monitor tree reestablishment. Cumulative N leached did not differ between lysimeters in which evergreen Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna Sm.) and shining gum [Eucalyptus nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden] and deciduous kinu-yanagi (Salix kinuyanagi Kimura) were grown. Leachate N concentrations of all treatments were on average higher than the New Zealand drinking water standard of 11.3 mg N L(-1). The E. nitens and S. kinuyanagi treatments leached 33 and 35 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in 1996 following application of 236 kg N ha(-1) during the first irrigation season. Leaf area was strongly correlated to evapotranspiration, drainage volume, and nitrogen leached. The majority of leaching in the tree treatments occurred after harvest. Reducing the leaching in the regrowth phase may be achieved through timing harvest in the spring when growth rates are higher and leaching potential is lower. Based on N uptake rates observed in this study and average pond discharge, a plantation of 5.4 ha would be required for N recovery on a typical dairy farm in New Zealand.
A discussion of microplastics in soil and risks for ecosystems and food chains
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Antimony contamination and its risk management in complex environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2021.106908
Abstract: Antimony (Sb) is introduced into soils, sediments, and aquatic environments from various sources such as weathering of sulfide ores, leaching of mining wastes, and anthropogenic activities. High Sb concentrations are toxic to ecosystems and potentially to public health via the accumulation in food chain. Although Sb is poisonous and carcinogenic to humans, the exact mechanisms causing toxicity still remain unclear. Most studies concerning the remediation of soils and aquatic environments contaminated with Sb have evaluated various amendments that reduce Sb bioavailability and toxicity. However, there is no comprehensive review on the biogeochemistry and transformation of Sb related to its remediation. Therefore, the present review summarizes: (1) the sources of Sb and its geochemical distribution and speciation in soils and aquatic environments, (2) the biogeochemical processes that govern Sb mobilization, bioavailability, toxicity in soils and aquatic environments, and possible threats to human and ecosystem health, and (3) the approaches used to remediate Sb-contaminated soils and water and mitigate potential environmental and health risks. Knowledge gaps and future research needs also are discussed. The review presents up-to-date knowledge about the fate of Sb in soils and aquatic environments and contributes to an important insight into the environmental hazards of Sb. The findings from the review should help to develop innovative and appropriate technologies for controlling Sb bioavailability and toxicity and sustainably managing Sb-polluted soils and water, subsequently minimizing its environmental and human health risks.
Soil salinity under climate change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Surface Charge and Solute Interactions in Soils
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1999
Influence of dicyandiamide on nitrogen transformation and losses in cow-urine-amended soil cores from grazed pasture
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/EA08200
Abstract: In New Zealand, urine deposited by grazing animals represents the largest source of nitrogen (N) losses, as gaseous emissions of ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O), and leaching of nitrate (NO3−).We determined the effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) on gaseous emissions from pasture with increasing rates of urine-N application, mineral N transformations and potential leaching of N using undisturbed soil cores of Manawatu sandy loam at field capacity. The treatments included four levels of urine-N applied at 0 (control), 14.4, 29.0 and 57.0 g N/m2 with and without DCD at 2.5 g/m2. Results showed a significant (P 0.05) increase in NH3 and N2O-N emissions as urine application was increased. The addition of DCD to corresponding urine treatments reduced N2O emissions by 33, 56 and 80%, respectively. The addition of DCD with urine to the intact soil cores at field capacity moisture content resulted in a significant increase in the soil ammonium-N (NH4+-N) concentration but little change in NH3 emissions. Addition of DCD to urine reduced potential NO3−-N leaching by 60–65% but potential NH4+-N leaching increased by 2–3.5 times. There was no difference in pasture dry matter production with and without DCD treatments.
Nutrient management in effluents derived from agricultural industries: An Australian perspective
Publisher: WIT Press
Date: 11-12-2012
DOI: 10.2495/SI120181
Chemical and biological immobilization mechanisms of potentially toxic elements in biochar-amended soils
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-08-2020
Remediation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize or to degrade?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Recycled water sources influence the bioavailability of copper to earthworms
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2012.10.015
Abstract: Re-use of wastewaters can overcome shortfalls in irrigation demand and mitigate environmental pollution. However, in an untreated or partially treated state, these water sources can introduce inorganic contaminants, including heavy metals, to soils that are irrigated. In this study, earthworms (Eisenia fetida) have been used to determine copper (Cu) bioavailability in two contrasting soils irrigated with farm dairy, piggery and winery effluents. Soils spiked with varying levels of Cu (0-1,000 mg/kg) were subsequently irrigated with recycled waters and Milli-Q (MQ) water and Cu bioavailability to earthworms determined by mortality and avoidance tests. Earthworms clearly avoided high Cu soils and the effect was more pronounced in the absence than presence of recycled water irrigation. At the highest Cu concentration (1,000 mg/kg), worm mortality was 100% when irrigated with MQ-water however, when irrigated with recycled waters, mortality decreased by 30%. Accumulation of Cu in earthworms was significantly less in the presence of recycled water and was dependent on CaCl2-extractable free Cu(2+) concentration in the soil. Here, it is evident that organic carbon in recycled waters was effective in decreasing the toxic effects of Cu on earthworms, indicating that the metal-organic complexes decreased Cu bioavailability to earthworms.
The adsorption mechanisms of oriental plane tree biochar toward bisphenol S: A combined thermodynamic evidence, spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.119819
Abstract: Garden pruning waste is becoming a problem that intensifies the garbage siege. It is of great significance to purify polluted water using biochar prepared from garden pruning waste. Herein, the interaction mechanism between BPS and oriental plane tree biochar (TBC) with different surface functional groups was investigated by adsorption experiments, spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm of BPS on TBC can be satisfactorily fitted into pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir models, respectively. A rapid adsorption kinetic toward BPS was achieved by TBC in 15 min. As compared with TBC prepared at low temperature (300 °C) (LTBC), the maximum adsorption capacity of TBC prepared at high temperature (600 °C) (HTBC) can be significantly improved from 46.7 mg g
Chapter 16 Assessment of phosphorus bioavailability from organic wastes in soil
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Harnessing fertilizer potential of human urine in a mesocosm system: a novel test case for linking the loop between sanitation and aquaculture
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S10653-017-9942-5
Abstract: Human urine (HU) is a biogenic fertilizer which has raised immense interest owing to its capacity of combining sanitation and nutrient recovery. In search of an alternative organic fertilizer for fish culture, the nutrient potential of HU was evaluated. Fries of Indian carps and larvae of freshwater prawn were reared for 120 days under six conditions: (a) aerated and (b) non-aerated fresh HU (0.01%), (c) cattle manure (CM 1.8 kg tank
Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2013.12.018
Abstract: Unlike organic contaminants, metal(loid)s do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation and persist for a long time after their introduction. Bioavailability of metal(loid)s plays a vital role in the remediation of contaminated soils. In this review, the remediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils through manipulating their bioavailability using a range of soil amendments will be presented. Mobilizing amendments such as chelating and desorbing agents increase the bioavailability and mobility of metal(loid)s. Immobilizing amendments such of precipitating agents and sorbent materials decrease the bioavailabilty and mobility of metal(loid)s. Mobilizing agents can be used to enhance the removal of heavy metal(loid)s though plant uptake and soil washing. Immobilizing agents can be used to reduce the transfer to metal(loid)s to food chain via plant uptake and leaching to groundwater. One of the major limitations of mobilizing technique is susceptibility to leaching of the mobilized heavy metal(loid)s in the absence of active plant uptake. Similarly, in the case of the immobilization technique the long-term stability of the immobilized heavy metal(loid)s needs to be monitored.
Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza on the availability of iron phosphates to plants
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF02370885
New Extracellular Polymeric Substance Producing Enteric Bacterium from Earthworm, Metaphire posthuma: Modulation Through Culture Conditions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-10-2011
Critical Review on Chemical Stabilization of Metal Contaminants in Shooting Range Soils
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 07-2012
Adsorption of atrazine and phosphate as affected by soil depth in allophanic and non‐allophanic soils
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
A critical review of the influence of effluent irrigation on the fate of pesticides in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2007
Subsoil Acidity and Aluminum Toxicity
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 07-04-2023
Influence of pyrolysis temperature on the characteristics and lead(II) adsorption capacity of phosphorus-engineered poplar sawdust biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Utilization of phosphorus loaded alkaline residue to immobilize lead in a shooting range soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2016.07.068
Abstract: The alkaline residue generated from the production of soda ash using the ammonia-soda method has been successfully used in removing phosphorus (P) from aqueous solution. But the accumulation of P-containing solid after P removal is an undesirable menace to the environment. To achieve the goal of recycling, this study explored the feasibility of reusing the P loaded alkaline residue as an amendment for immobilization of lead (Pb) in a shooting range soil. The main crystalline phase and micromorphology of amendments were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) methods. The toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), sequential extraction procedure, and physiologically based extraction test (PBET) were employed to evaluate the effectiveness of Pb immobilization in soil after 45 d incubation. Treatment with P loaded alkaline residue was significantly effective in reducing the TCLP and PBET extractable Pb concentrations in contrast to the untreated soil. Moreover, a positive change in the distribution of Pb fractions was observed in the treated soil, i.e., more than 60% of soil-Pb was transformed to the residual fraction compared to the original soil. On the other hand, P loaded amendments also resulted in a drastic reduction in phytoavailable Pb to the winter wheat and a mild release of P as a nutrient in treated soil, which also confirmed the improvement of soil quality.
Global analysis of adenylate-forming enzymes reveals β-lactone biosynthesis pathway in pathogenicNocardia
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-11-2019
DOI: 10.1101/856955
Abstract: Enzymes that cleave ATP to activate carboxylic acids play essential roles in primary and secondary metabolism in all domains of life. Class I adenylate-forming enzymes share a conserved structural fold but act on a wide range of substrates to catalyze reactions involved in bioluminescence, nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis, fatty acid activation, and β-lactone formation. Despite their metabolic importance, the substrates and catalytic functions of the vast majority of adenylate-forming enzymes are unknown without tools available to accurately predict them. Given the crucial roles of adenylate-forming enzymes in biosynthesis, this also severely limits our ability to predict natural product structures from biosynthetic gene clusters. Here we used machine learning to predict adenylate-forming enzyme function and substrate specificity from protein sequence. We built a web-based predictive tool and used it to comprehensively map the biochemical ersity of adenylate-forming enzymes across ,000 candidate biosynthetic gene clusters in bacterial, fungal, and plant genomes. Ancestral enzyme reconstruction and sequence similarity networking revealed a ‘hub’ topology suggesting radial ergence of the adenylate-forming superfamily from a core enzyme scaffold most related to contemporary aryl-CoA ligases. Our classifier also predicted β-lactone synthetases in novel biosynthetic gene clusters conserved across different strains of Nocardia . To test our computational predictions, we purified a candidate β-lactone synthetase from Nocardia brasiliensis and reconstituted the biosynthetic pathway in vitro to link the gene cluster to the β-lactone natural product, nocardiolactone. We anticipate our machine learning approach will aid in functional classification of enzymes and advance natural product discovery.
Effects of iron and nitrogen-coupled cycles on cadmium availability in acidic paddy soil from Southern China
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2022
BIOSOLIDS ENHANCE MINE SITE REHABILITATION AND REVEGETATION
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Single superphosphate-reactive phosphate rock mixtures. 1. Factors affecting chemical composition
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1007/BF01066446
Secreted TAL effectors protect symbiotic bacteria from entrapment within fungal hyphae
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-03-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.28.013177
Abstract: The association of the agriculturally significant phytopathogenic fungus Rhizopus microsporus with the bacterial endosymbiont Burkholderia rhizoxinica is a remarkable ex le of bacteria controlling host physiology and reproduction. Here, we show that a group of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) called Burkholderia TALE-like proteins (BATs) from B. rhizoxinica are essential for the establishment of the symbiosis. Mutants lacking BAT proteins are unable to induce host sporulation. Utilising novel microfluidic devices in combination with fluorescence microscopy we observed the accumulation of BAT-deficient mutants in specific fungal side-hyphae with accompanying increased fungal re-infection. High-resolution live imaging revealed septa biogenesis at the base of infected hyphae leading to compartmental trapping of BATdeficient endobacteria. Trapped endosymbionts showed reduced intracellular survival, suggesting a protective response from the fungal host against bacteria lacking specific effectors. These findings underscore the involvement of BAT proteins in maintaining a balance between mutualism and antagonism in bacterial-fungal interactions and provide deeper insights into the dynamic interactions between bacteria and eukaryotes.
Ecological literacy: the ‘missing paradigm’ in environmental education (part one)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2003
A new low-cost hydroxyapatite for efficient immobilization of lead
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2019.06.090
Abstract: Distiller waste (DW), a common by-product of soda ash plants, was used as the unique calcium source to produce low-cost hydroxyapatites (HAPs) for the first time. The DW-derived HAPs were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD and BET methods and investigated as amendments for soil Pb immobilization. The DW-derived HAPs displayed relatively smaller particle size (30-80 nm) and larger BET specific surface areas (60.00-64.06 m
Impact on Some Soil Physical and Chemical Properties Caused by Metal and Metallic Oxide Engineered Nanoparticles: A Review
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 31-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NANO13030572
Abstract: In recent years, the release of metal and metallic oxide engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) into the environment has generated an increase in their accumulation in agricultural soils, which is a serious risk to the ecosystem and soil health. Here, we show the impact of ENPs on the physical and chemical properties of soils. A literature search was performed in the Scopus database using the keywords ENPs, plus soil physical properties or soil chemical properties, and elements availability. In general, we found that the presence of metal and metallic oxide ENPs in soils can increase hydraulic conductivity and soil porosity and reduce the distance between soil particles, as well as causing a variation in pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh), and soil organic matter (SOM) content. Furthermore, ENPs or the metal cations released from them in soils can interact with nutrients like phosphorus (P) forming complexes or precipitates, decreasing their bioavailability in the soil solution. The results depend on the soil properties and the doses, exposure duration, concentrations, and type of ENPs. Therefore, we suggest that particular attention should be paid to every kind of metal and metallic oxide ENPs deposited into the soil.
Biochars multifunctional role as a novel technology in the agricultural, environmental, and industrial sectors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Concomitant reduction and immobilization of chromium in relation to its bioavailability in soils
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1653-6
Abstract: In this study, two carbon materials [chicken manure biochar (CMB) and black carbon (BC)] were investigated for their effects on the reduction of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in two spiked [600 mg Cr(VI) kg(-1)] and one tannery waste contaminated [454 mg Cr(VI) kg(-1)] soils. In spiked soils, both the rate and the maximum extent of reduction of Cr(VI) to trivalent Cr [Cr(III)] were higher in the sandy loam than clay soil, which is attributed to the difference in the extent of Cr(VI) adsorption between the soils. The highest rate of Cr(VI) reduction was observed in BC-amended sandy loam soil, where it reduced 452 mg kg(-1) of Cr(VI), followed by clay soil (427 mg kg(-1)) and tannery soil (345 mg kg(-1)). X-ray photoelectron microscopy confirmed the presence of both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) species in BC within 24 h of addition of Cr(VI), which proved its high reduction capacity. The resultant Cr(III) species either adsorbs or precipitates in BC and CMB. The addition of carbon materials to the tannery soil was also effective in decreasing the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI) in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants. Therefore, it is concluded that the addition of carbon materials enhanced the reduction of Cr(VI) and the subsequent immobilization of Cr(III) in soils.
Cadmium stress in plants: A critical review of the effects, mechanisms, and tolerance strategies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-11-2020
Integrating Biochar, Bacteria, and Plants for Sustainable Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Organic Pollutants
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-10-2022
Abstract: The contamination of soil with organic pollutants has been accelerated by agricultural and industrial development and poses a major threat to global ecosystems and human health. Various chemical and physical techniques have been developed to remediate soils contaminated with organic pollutants, but challenges related to cost, efficacy, and toxic byproducts often limit their sustainability. Fortunately, phytoremediation, achieved through the use of plants and associated microbiomes, has shown great promise for tackling environmental pollution this technology has been tested both in the laboratory and in the field. Plant-microbe interactions further promote the efficacy of phytoremediation, with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) often used to assist the remediation of organic pollutants. However, the efficiency of microbe-assisted phytoremediation can be impeded by (i) high concentrations of secondary toxins, (ii) the absence of a suitable sink for these toxins, (iii) nutrient limitations, (iv) the lack of continued release of microbial inocula, and (v) the lack of shelter or porous habitats for planktonic organisms. In this regard, biochar affords unparalleled positive attributes that make it a suitable bacterial carrier and soil health enhancer. We propose that several barriers can be overcome by integrating plants, PGPB, and biochar for the remediation of organic pollutants in soil. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which biochar and PGPB can assist plants in the remediation of organic pollutants in soils, and thereby improve soil health. We analyze the cost-effectiveness, feasibility, life cycle, and practicality of this integration for sustainable restoration and management of soil.
Pesticide sorption by allophanic and non‐allophanic soils of New Zealand
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1996
Frontispiece: The Nargenicin Family of Oxa‐Bridged Macrolide Antibiotics
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2020
Redox-mediated biochar-contaminant interactions in soil
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Genomics‐Driven Discovery of NO‐Donating Diazeniumdiolate Siderophores in Diverse Plant‐Associated Bacteria
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2019
Abstract: Siderophores are key players in bacteria–host interactions, with the main function to provide soluble iron for their producers. Gramibactin from rhizosphere bacteria expands siderophore function and ersity as it delivers iron to the host plant and features an unusual diazeniumdiolate moiety for iron chelation. By mutational analysis of the grb gene cluster, we identified genes (grbD and grbE) necessary for diazeniumdiolate formation. Genome mining using a GrbD‐based network revealed a broad range of orthologous gene clusters in mainly plant‐associated Burkholderia/Paraburkholderia species. Two new types of diazeniumdiolate siderophores, megapolibactins and plantaribactin were fully characterized. In vitro assays and in vivo monitoring experiments revealed that the iron chelators also liberate nitric oxide (NO) in plant roots. This finding is important since NO donors are considered as biofertilizers that maintain iron homeostasis and increase overall plant fitness.
Biochar from Biomass and Waste
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Increasing phosphorus supply can increase the infection of plant roots by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1984
Accumulation of organic C components in soil and aggregates
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2015
DOI: 10.1038/SREP13804
Abstract: To explore soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation mechanisms, the dynamics of C functional groups and macroaggregation were studied synchronously through aggregate fractionation and 13 C NMR spectroscopy in sandy loam soil following an 18-year application of compost and fertilizer in China. Compared with no fertilizer control, both compost and fertilizer improved SOC content, while the application of compost increased macroaggregation. Fertilizer application mainly increased the levels of recalcitrant organic C components characterized by methoxyl/N-alkyl C and alkyl C, whereas compost application mainly promoted the accumulation of methoxyl/N-alkyl C, phenolic C, carboxyl C, O-alkyl C and di-O-alkyl C in bulk soil. The preferential accumulation of organic C functional groups in aggregates depended on aggregate size rather than nutrient amendments. These groups were characterized by phenolic C and di-O-alkyl C in the silt + clay fraction, carboxyl C in microaggregates and phenolic C, carboxyl C and methoxyl/N-alkyl C in macroaggregates. Thus, the differences in accumulated organic C components in compost- and fertilizer-amended soils were primarily attributable to macroaggregation. The accumulation of methoxyl/N-alkyl C in microaggregates effectively promoted macroaggregation. Our results suggest that organic amendment rich in methoxyl/N-alkyl C effectively improved SOC content and accelerated macroaggregation in the test soil.
Analysis of Rhizonin Biosynthesis Reveals Origin of Pharmacophoric Furylalanine Moieties in Diverse Cyclopeptides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-09-2023
Abstract: Rhizonin A and B are hepatotoxic cyclopeptides produced by bacterial endosymbionts (Mycetohabitans endofungorum) of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus. Their toxicity critically depends on the presence of 3‐furylalanine (Fua) residues, which also occur in pharmaceutically relevant cyclopeptides of the endolide and bingchamide families. The biosynthesis and incorporation of Fua by non‐ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), however, has remained elusive. By genome sequencing and gene inactivation we elucidated the gene cluster responsible for rhizonin biosynthesis. A suite of isotope labeling experiments identified tyrosine and l‐DOPA as Fua precursors and provided the first mechanistic insights. Bioinformatics, mutational analysis and heterologous reconstitution identified dioxygenase RhzB as necessary and sufficient for Fua formation. RhzB is a novel type of heme‐dependent aromatic oxygenases (HDAO) that enabled the discovery of the bingchamide biosynthesis gene cluster through genome mining.
Biomass burning-derived airborne particulate matter in Southeast Asia: A critical review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Interactions between microplastics, pharmaceuticals and personal care products: Implications for vector transport
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Dissolution of phosphate rocks in soils. 2. Effect of pH on the dissolution and plant availability of phosphate rock in soil with pH dependent charge
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01073580
The Role of Bioretention Systems in the Treatment of Stormwater
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Mining Symbionts of a Spider‐Transmitted Fungus Illuminates Uncharted Biosynthetic Pathways to Cytotoxic Benzolactones
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-03-2020
Evaluation of methods of measurement of nitrogen in poultry and animal manures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF01073582
Effect of industrial waste products on phosphorus mobilisation and biomass production in abattoir wastewater irrigated soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-05-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-014-3030-5
Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of alkaline industrial by-products such as flyash (FA) and redmud (RM) on phosphorus (P) mobilisation in abattoir wastewater irrigated soils, using incubation, leaching and plant growth (Napier grass [Pennisetum purpureum]) experiments. The soil outside the wastewater irrigated area was also collected and treated with inorganic (KH2PO4 [PP]) and organic (poultry manure [PM]) P treatments, to study the effect of FA and RM on P mobilisation using plant growth experiment. Among the amendments, FA showed the highest increase in Olsen P, oxalic acid content and phosphatase activity. The highest increase in Olsen P for PM treated non-irrigated soils showed the ability of FA and RM in mobilising organic P better than inorganic P (PP). There was over 85 % increase in oxalic acid content in the plant growth soils compared to the incubated soil, showing the effect of Napier grass in the exudation of oxalic acid. Both amendments (FA and RM) showed an increase in phosphatase activity at over 90 % at the end of the 5-week incubation period. The leaching experiment indicated a decrease in water soluble P thereby ensuring the role of FA and RM in minimising P loss to water bodies. FA and RM showed an increase in plant biomass for all treatments, where FA amended soil showed the highest increase as evident from FA's effect on Olsen P. Therefore, the use of FA and RM mobilised P in abattoir wastewater irrigated soils and increased biomass production of Napier grass plants through root exudation of oxalic acid.
Material-based generation, storage, and utilisation of hydrogen
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Allocation of photoassimilated carbon of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) seedlings as affected by soil water stress
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2021
Plant nanobionics: Fortifying food security via engineered plant productivity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Contrasting effects of organic amendments on phytoextraction of heavy metals in a contaminated sediment
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-08-2015
Mycobacterium ulcerans low infectious dose and mechanical transmission support insect bites and puncturing injuries in the spread of Buruli ulcer
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-04-2017
Nutrient removal from farm effluents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2004
Effect of aging process on adsorption of diethyl phthalate in soils amended with bamboo biochar
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2015.05.037
Abstract: Biochar is a carbonaceous sorbent and can be used as a potential material to reduce the bioavailability of organic pollutants in contaminated soils. In the present study, the adsorption and desorption of diethyl phthalate (DEP) onto soils amended with bamboo biochar was investigated with a special focus on the effect of biochar application rates and aging conditions on the adsorption capacity of the soils. Biochar amendment significantly enhanced the soil adsorption of DEP that increased with increasing application rates of biochar. However, the adsorption capacity decreased by two aging processes (alternating wet and dry, and constantly moist). In the soil with low organic carbon (OC) content, the addition of 0.5% biochar (without aging) increased the adsorption by nearly 98 times compared to the control, and exhibited the highest adsorption capacity among all the treatments. In the soil with high OC content, the adsorption capacity in the treatment of 0.5% biochar without aging was 3.5 and 3 times greater than those of the treatments of biochar aged by alternating wet and dry, and constantly moist, respectively. Moreover, constantly moist resulted in a greater adsorption capacity than alternating wet and dry treatments regardless of biochar addition. This study revealed that biochar application enhanced soil sorption of DEP, however, the enhancement of the adsorption capacity was dependent on the soil organic carbon levels, and aging processes of biochar.
Remediation of arsenic-contaminated water using agricultural wastes as biosorbents
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2015
Effects of biochar on copper immobilization and soil microbial communities in a metal-contaminated soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-08-2015
A genomic approach to the cryptic secondary metabolome of the anaerobic world
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C2NP20103H
Abstract: A total of 211 complete and published genomes from anaerobic bacteria are analysed for the presence of secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters, in particular those tentatively coding for polyketide synthases (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). We investigate the distribution of these gene clusters according to bacterial phylogeny and, if known, correlate these to the type of metabolic pathways they encode. The potential of anaerobes as secondary metabolite producers is highlighted.
Biochar application for the remediation of heavy metal polluted land: A review of in situ field trials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.11.132
Abstract: Polluted land is a global issue, especially for developing countries. It has been reported that soil amendment with biochar may reduce the bioavailability of a wide range of contaminants, including heavy metal(loids), potentially reclaiming contaminated soils for agricultural use. However, there have been only limited reports on the in situ application of biochar at the field scale. This review was devoted to providing preliminary scientific evidence from these field trials, based on a review of 29 publications involving field applications of biochar in 8 different countries. The data show that biochar's effectiveness in reducing the impacts of pollution depends on a myriad of factors in the field, including the application time period, site-specific factors (e.g. climate, biochar dosage rate, and mixing depth), biochar feedstock type, and biochar properties. The results of this review indicate that biochar application can potentially reduce contaminant bioavailability in the field for instance, a significant decrease (control normalized mean value=0.55) in the Cd enrichment of rice crops was observed. It was found that the use of biochar may help increase crop yields on polluted land, and thus reduce the amount of mineral fertilizer used in the field. However, in order to maximize the benefits of biochar addition, farmers need to accept that the dosage rates of mineral fertilizers should be reduced. This review also revealed that the effectiveness of biochar in mitigating pollution may decrease with time due to ageing factors, such as leaching of biochar alkalinity.
High potential of stable carbon sequestration in phytoliths of China's grasslands
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-01-2022
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.16092
Abstract: Phytolith carbon (C) sequestration plays a key role in mitigating global climate change at a centennial to millennial time scale. However, previous estimates of phytolith‐occluded carbon (PhytOC) storage and potential in China's grasslands have large uncertainties mainly due to multiple data sources. This contributes to the uncertainty in predicting long‐term C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems using Earth System Models. In this study, we carried out an intensive field investigation (79 sites, 237 soil profiles [0–100 cm], and 61 vegetation assessments) to quantify PhytOC storage in China's grasslands and to better explore the biogeographical patterns and influencing factors. Generally, PhytOC production flux and soil PhytOC density in both the Tibetan Plateau and the Inner Mongolian Plateau had a decreasing trend from the Northeast to the Southwest. The aboveground PhytOC production rate in China's grassland was 0.48 × 10 6 t CO 2 a –1 , and the soil PhytOC storage was 383 × 10 6 t CO 2 . About 45% of soil PhytOC was stored in the deep soil layers (50–100 cm), highlighting the importance of deep soil layers for C stock assessments. Importantly, the Tibetan Plateau had the greatest contribution (more than 70%) to the PhytOC storage in China's grasslands. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that altitude and soil texture significantly influenced the spatial distribution of soil PhytOC, explaining 78.1% of the total variation. Soil phytolith turnover time in China's grasslands was mainly controlled by climatic conditions, with the turnover time on the Tibetan Plateau being significantly longer than that on the Inner Mongolian Plateau. Our results offer more accurate estimates of the potential for phytolith C sequestration from ecological restoration projects in degraded grassland ecosystems. These estimates are essential to parameterizing and validating global C models.
Remediation of soils and sediments polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: To immobilize, mobilize, or degrade?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Soil amendments for immobilization of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils: A critical review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2019.105046
Abstract: Soil contamination by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has led to adverse environmental impacts. In this review, we discussed remediation of PTEs contaminated soils through immobilization techniques using different soil amendments with respect to type of element, soil, and amendment, immobilization efficiency, underlying mechanisms, and field applicability. Soil amendments such as manure, compost, biochar, clay minerals, phosphate compounds, coal fly ash, and liming materials are widely used as immobilizing agents for PTEs. Among these soil amendments, biochar has attracted increased interest over the past few years because of its promising surface properties. Integrated application of appropriate amendments is also recommended to maximize their use efficiency. These amendments can reduce PTE bioavailability in soils through erse mechanisms such as precipitation, complexation, redox reactions, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. However, soil properties such as soil pH, and clay, sesquioxides and organic matter content, and processes, such as sorption/desorption and redox processes, are the key factors governing the amendments' efficacy for PTEs immobilization in soils. Selecting proper immobilizing agents can yield cost-effective remediation techniques and fulfill green and sustainable remediation principles. Furthermore, long-term stability of immobilized PTE compounds and the environmental impacts and cost effectiveness of the amendments should be considered before application.
Hair-biomonitoring assessment of rare-earth-element exposure in residents of the largest rare-earth mining and smelting area of China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Waste-derived biochar for water pollution control and sustainable development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2022
The influence of wastewater irrigation on the transformation and bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in soil
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2012
Biochar as a potential strategy for remediation of contaminated mining soils: Mechanisms, applications, and future perspectives
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.114973
Abstract: Soil heavy metal contamination caused by mining activities is a global issue. These heavy metals can be enriched in plants and animals through the food chain, and eventually transferred to the human system and threatening public health. Biochar, as an environmentally friendly soil remediation agent, can effectively immobilize heavy metals in soil. However, most researchers concern more about the remediation effect and mechanism of biochar for industrial and agricultural contaminated soil, while related reviews focusing on mining soil remediation are limited. Furthermore, the remediation effect of soil in mining areas is affected by many factors, such as physicochemical properties of biochar, pyrolysis conditions, soil conditions, mining environment and application method, which can lead to great differences in the remediation effect of biochar in erse mining areas. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically unravel the relevant knowledge of biochar remediation, which can also provide a guide for future studies on biochar remediation of contaminated soils in mining areas. The present paper first reviews the negative effects of mining activities on soil and the advantages of biochar relative to other remediation methods, followed by the mechanism and influencing factors of biochar on reducing heavy metal migration and bioavailability in mining soil were systematically summarized. Finally, the main research directions and development trends in the future are pointed out, and suggestions for future development are proposed.
Impact of carbonates on the mineralisation of surface soil organic carbon in response to shift in tillage practice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Soil Test to Predict the Copper Availability in Pasture Soils
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2005
A comprehensive review of micro- and nano-plastics in the atmosphere: Occurrence, fate, toxicity, and strategies for risk reduction
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Identification of levoglucosan degradation pathways in bacteria and sequence similarity network analysis
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 29-01-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.526070
Abstract: Levoglucosan is produced in the pyrolysis of cellulose and starch, including from bushfires or the burning of biofuels, and is deposited from the atmosphere across the surface of the earth. We describe two levoglucosan degrading Paenarthrobacter spp. ( Paenarthrobacter nitrojuajacolis LG01 and Paenarthrobacter histidinolovorans LG02) that were isolated from soil by metabolic enrichment using levoglucosan as the sole carbon source. Genome sequencing and proteomics analysis revealed the expression of a series of genes encoding known levoglucosan degrading enzymes, levoglucosan dehydrogenase (LGDH, LgdA), 3-keto-levoglucosan β-eliminase (LgdB1) and glucose 3-dehydrogenase (LgdC), along with an ABC transporter cassette and an associated solute binding protein. However, no homologues of 3-ketoglucose dehydratase (LgdB2) were evident, while the expressed genes contained a range of putative sugar phosphate isomerases/xylose isomerases with weak similarity to LgdB2. Sequence similarity network analysis of genome neighbours of LgdA revealed that homologues of LgdB1 and LgdC are generally conserved in a range of bacteria in the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. One group of sugar phosphate isomerase/xylose isomerase homologues (named LgdB3) was identified with limited distribution that is mutually exclusive with LgdB2, and we propose that they may fulfill a similar function. LgdB1, LgdB2 and LgdB3 adopt similar predicted 3D folds, suggesting overlapping function in processing intermediates in LG metabolism. Our findings highlight ersity within the LGDH pathway, through which bacteria utilize levoglucosan as a nutrient source.
Meet the challenges in the “Carbon Age”
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-06-2022
Pig carcass-derived biochar caused contradictory effects on arsenic mobilization in a contaminated paddy soil under fluctuating controlled redox conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Are microplastics destabilizing the global network of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem services?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Concentration distribution of carbonyl compounds in an industrial shipbuilding complex
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-09-2013
Coupled sorptive and oxidative antimony(III) removal by iron-modified biochar: Mechanisms of electron-donating capacity and reactive Fe species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Toxic elements pollution risk as affected by various input sources in soils of greenhouses, kiwifruit orchards, cereal fields, and forest/grassland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Preface
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00750227
Uses and management of poultry litter
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2010
Effects of chelates (EDTA, EDDS, NTA) on phytoavailability of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) using ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2022
Phosphorus-rich biochar produced through bean-worm skin waste pyrolysis enhances the adsorption of aqueous lead
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Hydrochar: A Promising Step Towards Achieving a Circular Economy and Sustainable Development Goals
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-04-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FCENG.2022.867228
Abstract: The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the environment, and improve the lives and prospects of everyone on this planet. However, progress on SDGs is currently lagging behind its 2030 target. The availability of water of adequate quality and quantity is considered as one of the most significant challenges in reaching that target. The concept of the ‘Circular Economy’ has been termed as a potential solution to fasten the rate of progress in achieving SDGs. One of the promising engineering solutions with applications in water treatment and promoting the concept of the circular economy is hydrochar. Compared to biochar, hydrochar research is still in its infancy in terms of optimization of production processes, custom design for specific applications, and knowledge of its water treatment potential. In this context, this paper critically reviews the role of hydrochar in contributing to achieving the SDGs and promoting a circular economy through water treatment and incorporating a waste-to-value approach. Additionally, key knowledge gaps in the production and utilization of engineered hydrochar are identified, and possible strategies are suggested to further enhance its water remediation potential and circular economy in the context of better natural resource management using hydrochar. Research on converting different waste biomass to valuable hydrochar based products need further development and optimization of parameters to fulfil its potential. Critical knowledge gaps also exist in the area of utilizing hydrochar for large-scale drinking water treatment to address SDG-6.
A critical review on the role of abiotic factors on the transformation, environmental identity and toxicity of engineered nanomaterials in aquatic environment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2021.118726
Abstract: Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are at the forefront of many technological breakthroughs in science and engineering. The extensive use of ENMs in several consumer products has resulted in their release to the aquatic environment. ENMs entering the aquatic ecosystem undergo a dynamic transformation as they interact with organic and inorganic constituents present in aquatic environment, specifically abiotic factors such as NOM and clay minerals, and attain an environmental identity. Thus, a greater understanding of ENM-abiotic factors interactions is required for an improved risk assessment and sustainable management of ENMs contamination in the aquatic environment. This review integrates fundamental aspects of ENMs transformation in aquatic environment as impacted by abiotic factors, and delineates the recent advances in bioavailability and ecotoxicity of ENMs in relation to risk assessment for ENMs-contaminated aquatic ecosystem. It specifically discusses the mechanism of transformation of different ENMs (metals, metal oxides and carbon based nanomaterials) following their interaction with the two most common abiotic factors NOM and clay minerals present within the aquatic ecosystem. The review critically discusses the impact of these mechanisms on the altered ecotoxicity of ENMs including the impact of such transformation at the genomic level. Finally, it identifies the gaps in our current understanding of the role of abiotic factors on the transformation of ENMs and paves the way for the future research areas.
Ecotoxicity of chemically stabilised metal(loid)s in shooting range soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ECOENV.2013.11.003
Abstract: Five chemical amendments (soft rock phosphate, lime, commercial phosphate amendment, red mud and magnesium oxide) were applied across four different shooting range soils to chemically stabilise metal(loid)s in the soils. Soils were contaminated with Pb between 2330 and 12,167 mg/kg, Sb from 7.4 to 325 mg/kg and soil pH ranged from 5.43 to 9.29. Amendments were tested for their ability to reduce the bioavailability of Pb, Sb, Zn, Ni, Cu and As in the soils to soil organisms after one year of aging, by measuring a series of ecotoxicological endpoints for earthworms and plants and soil microbial activity. Growth-based endpoints for earthworms and plants were not significantly affected by amendment addition, except in the most contaminated soil. Per cent survival and weight-loss reduction of earthworms was enhanced by amendment addition in only the most contaminated soil. Plant biomass and root elongation was not significantly affected by amendment addition (p=<0.05). Red mud and magnesium oxide appeared toxic to plants and earthworms, probably due to highly alkaline pH (9-12). Lead in soil organisms was relatively low despite the high concentrations of Pb in the soils, suggesting low bioavailability of Pb. Uptake of Pb by earthworms was reduced by between 40 and 96 per cent by amendments, but not across all soils. Amendments reduced Sb in earthworms in Townsville soil by up to 92 per cent. For lettuce the average uptake of Pb was reduced by 40 to 70 per cent with amendment addition in Townsville, Darwin and Perth soil. The effect of amendments on the uptake of Sb, Zn, Ni, Cu and As was variable between soils and amendments. Microbial activity was increased by greater than 50 per cent with amendments addition, with soft rock phosphate and lime being the most effective in Murray Bridge and TV soils and commercial phosphate and MgO being the most effective in Darwin and Perth soils.
A supervised statistical learning approach for accurate Legionella pneumophila source attribution during outbreaks
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01482-17
Abstract: Public health agencies are increasingly relying on genomics during Legionnaires' disease investigations. However, the causative bacterium ( Legionella pneumophila ) has an unusual population structure, with extreme temporal and spatial genome sequence conservation. Furthermore, Legionnaires' disease outbreaks can be caused by multiple L. pneumophila genotypes in a single source. These factors can confound cluster identification using standard phylogenomic methods. Here, we show that a statistical learning approach based on L. pneumophila core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) comparisons eliminates ambiguity for defining outbreak clusters and accurately predicts exposure sources for clinical cases. We illustrate the performance of our method by genome comparisons of 234 L. pneumophila isolates obtained from patients and cooling towers in Melbourne, Australia, between 1994 and 2014. This collection included one of the largest reported Legionnaires' disease outbreaks, which involved 125 cases at an aquarium. Using only sequence data from L. pneumophila cooling tower isolates and including all core genome variation, we built a multivariate model using discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) to find cooling tower-specific genomic signatures and then used it to predict the origin of clinical isolates. Model assignments were 93% congruent with epidemiological data, including the aquarium Legionnaires' disease outbreak and three other unrelated outbreak investigations. We applied the same approach to a recently described investigation of Legionnaires' disease within a UK hospital and observed a model predictive ability of 86%. We have developed a promising means to breach L. pneumophila genetic ersity extremes and provide objective source attribution data for outbreak investigations. IMPORTANCE Microbial outbreak investigations are moving to a paradigm where whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic trees are used to support epidemiological investigations. It is critical that outbreak source predictions are accurate, particularly for pathogens, like Legionella pneumophila , which can spread widely and rapidly via cooling system aerosols, causing Legionnaires' disease. Here, by studying hundreds of Legionella pneumophila genomes collected over 21 years around a major Australian city, we uncovered limitations with the phylogenetic approach that could lead to a misidentification of outbreak sources. We implement instead a statistical learning technique that eliminates the ambiguity of inferring disease transmission from phylogenies. Our approach takes geolocation information and core genome variation from environmental L. pneumophila isolates to build statistical models that predict with high confidence the environmental source of clinical L. pneumophila during disease outbreaks. We show the versatility of the technique by applying it to unrelated Legionnaires' disease outbreaks in Australia and the UK.
Cellular Mechanisms in Higher Plants Governing Tolerance to Cadmium Toxicity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-05-2014
Effects of Organic Amendments on the Reduction and Phytoavailability of Chromate in Mineral Soil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.2134/JEQ2003.1200
Abstract: In this study, seven organic amendments (biosolid compost, farm yard manure, fish manure, horse manure, spent mushroom, pig manure, and poultry manure) were investigated for their effects on the reduction of hexavalent chromium [chromate, Cr(VI)] in a mineral soil (Manawatu sandy soil) low in organic matter content. Addition of organic amendments enhanced the rate of reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in the soil. At the same level of total organic carbon addition, there was a significant difference in the extent of Cr(VI) reduction among the soils treated with organic amendments. There was, however, a significant positive linear relationship between the extent of Cr(VI) reduction and the amount of dissolved organic carbon in the soil. The effect of biosolid compost on the uptake of Cr(VI) from the soil, treated with various levels of Cr(VI) (0-1200 mg Cr kg(-1) soil), was examined with mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants. Increasing addition of Cr(VI) increased Cr concentration in plants, resulting in decreased plant growth (i.e., phytotoxicity). Addition of the biosolid compost was effective in reducing the phytotoxicity of Cr(VI). The redistribution of Cr(VI) in various soil components was evaluated by a sequential fractionation scheme. In the unamended soil, the concentration of Cr was higher in the organic-bound, oxide-bound, and residual fractions than in the soluble and exchangeable fractions. Addition of organic amendments also decreased the concentration of the soluble and exchangeable fractions but especially increased the organic-bound fraction in soil.
Control of gaseous emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide from cow manure by use of natural materials
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Losses and transformation of nitrogen during composting of poultry manure with different amendments: An incubation experiment
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1994
A review of emissions of methane, ammonia, and nitrous oxide from animal excreta deposition and farm effluent application in grazed pastures
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Predicting nitroimidazole antibiotic resistance mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with protein engineering
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-02-2020
Effect of soil type on distribution and bioaccessibility of metal contaminants in shooting range soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.08.014
Abstract: Shooting ranges from Department of Defence sites around Australia were investigated for extent of metal contamination. Shooting range soils contained concentrations ranging from 399 to 10,403 mg/kg Pb, 6.57 to 252 mg/kg Sb, 28.7 to 1250 mg/kg Cu, 5.63 to 153 mg/kg Zn, 1.35 to 8.8 mg/kg Ni and 3.08 to 15.8 mg/kg As. Metal(loid)s were primarily concentrated in the stop butt and the surface soil (0-10 cm). The distribution of contamination reflected firing activity, soil properties, climate and management practices. Climatic variations among sites in Australia are significant, with a temperate climate in the south and tropical climate with high rainfall in the north. Up to 8% of total Pb resided in soil fines (<0.075 mm), due to the fragmentation of bullets on impact. Distribution and bioaccessibility varied between each site. Acidic Townsville soil had the highest proportion of water extractable Pb at 10%, compared to the alkaline Murray Bridge with only 2% Pb water extractable. Soil properties such as CEC, pH and dissolved organic carbon influence mobility. This is reflected in the subsoil concentrations of Pb in Townsville and Darwin which are up to 30 and 46% of surface concentration in the subsoil respectively. Similarly bioaccessibility is influenced by soil properties and ranges from 46% in Townsville to 70% in Perth. Acidic pH promotes dissolution of secondary minerals and the downward movement of Pb in the profile. The secondary Pb minerals formed as a result of weathering in these soils were cerussite, hydrocerussite, pyromorphite, galena and anglesite. Copper oxide was also reported on fragments from bullet jackets. These results have implications for range management.
Assessment of nitrogen losses from urea and an organic manure with and without nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide, applied to lettuce under glasshouse conditions
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/SR07206
Abstract: Urea and organic manures such as ‘Garden galore’ (GG) are used to supply nitrogen (N) in vegetable farming and floriculture systems in New Zealand. However, a significant amount of the applied N is lost to the atmosphere via nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions, and leached to surface and ground water as nitrate (NO3–) contributing to environmental degradation such as global warming and eutrophication. One of the mitigation options to reduce these losses is to use nitrification inhibitors (NI). Glasshouse and laboratory incubation experiments were conducted under controlled moisture and temperature conditions to determine the effects of an NI, dicyandiamide (DCD), on N losses from urea and GG applied to lettuce grown in a Manawatu sandy soil. Nitrogen and DCD were applied at the rates of 9 and 1.3 g/m2, respectively, and the gaseous emission of N2O and NH3 were monitored over a 5-week period using a closed-chamber technique. At the end of the experiment the lettuce plant shoots and roots were harvested, and analysed for N concentration. Soils were leached with deionised water and leachates were analysed for ammonium (NH4+) and NO3–. The results showed greater loss of N as NH3 than N2O and the effect was more pronounced in the case of urea. Addition of DCD significantly reduced N2O emissions from both urea and GG, and increased NH3 emissions from both urea and GG, with the increase being significant only for urea. Addition of DCD maintained higher soil NH4+ concentration and lower NO3– concentration than without DCD. Overall, DCD was effective in reducing N losses of N2O emissions and NO3– leaching. Urea application resulted in shoot tip burning and the symptoms were enhanced with the addition of DCD. There was no significant effect of DCD addition on lettuce yield.
Decomposition of dicyandiamide (DCD) in three contrasting soils and its effect on nitrous oxide emission, soil respiratory activity, and microbial biomass—an incubation study
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/SR07204
Abstract: The objective of this work was to study the degradation kinetics of a nitrification inhibitor (NI), dicyandiamide (DCD), and evaluate its effectiveness in reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in different types of soils. Three soils contrasting in texture, mineralogy, and organic carbon (C) content were incubated alone (control) or with urine at 600 mg N/kg soil with 3 levels of DCD (0, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Emissions of N2O and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured during the 58-day incubation. Simultaneously, subs les were collected periodically from the incubating soils (40-day incubation) and the amounts of DCD, NH4+, and NO3− were determined. Our results showed that the half-life of DCD in these laboratory incubating soils at 25°C was 6–15 days and was longer at the higher rate of DCD application. Of the 3 soils studied, DCD degradation was fastest in the brown loam allophanic soil (Typic orthic allophanic) and slowest in the silt loam non-allophanic soil (Argillic-fragic Perch-gley Pallic). The differences in DCD degradation among these soils can be attributed to the differences in the adsorption of DCD and in the microbial activities of the soils. Among the 3 soils the highest reduction in N2O emissions with DCD from the urine application was measured in the non-allophanic silt loam soil followed by non-allophanic sandy loam soil and allophanic brown loam soil. There was no adverse impact of DCD application on soil respiratory activity or microbial biomass.
Root Iron Plaque on Wetland Plants as a Dynamic Pool of Nutrients and Contaminants
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Surface complexation modeling and spectroscopic evidence of antimony adsorption on iron-oxide-rich red earth soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCIS.2013.05.053
Abstract: Few studies have investigated surface complexation of antimony (Sb) on natural sorbents. In addition, intrinsic acidic constants, speciation, and spectroscopic data are scarce for Sb sorption in soil. Only simple sorption models have been proposed to describe the sorption of Sb(V) on specific mineral surfaces. This study therefore assessed the mechanisms of Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorption on natural red earth (NRE), a naturally occurring iron coated sand, at various pHs and Sb loadings. The Sb(V) adsorption followed typical anion adsorption curve with adsorption reaching maximum around pH 4-5, while no pH dependence was observed for Sb(III) sorption. The FT-IR spectra revealed that shifts in absorbance of the hydroxyl groups in iron-oxide were related to the Fe-O-Sb bonds and provided evidence for inner sphere bond formation. Direct evidence on the strong interaction of Sb(III) and Sb(V) with ≡Fe-O and ≡Al-O was observed from the decrease in Fe-2p, Al-2p, and Si-2p peaks of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data before and after Sb(V) and Sb(III) adsorption on NRE. Successful data modeling using the 2-pK diffuse double layer model (DDLM) with the FITEQL revealed that sorption occurs through the formation of bidentate mononuclear and binuclear complexes. Model simulations showed a high affinity to the ≡FeOH sites at high Sb loadings, whereas at low loadings, both≡ FeOH and ≡AlOH sites showed similar affinities to Sb. In the case of Sb(V), multilayer formation was also revealed in addition to surface complexation by the isotherm data fitted with the Freundlich model and two sites Langmuir equations, which indicated heterogeneous multilayer adsorption of Sb(V) on NRE.
Adding worms during composting of organic waste with red mud and fly ash reduces CO2 emissions and increases plant available nutrient contents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2018.05.079
Abstract: Alkaline industrial wastes such as red mud and fly ash are produced in large quantities. They may be recycled as bulking agent during composting and vermicomposting, converting organic waste into soil amendments or plant growth media. The aim of this study was to assess the microbial parameters, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient availability during composting and vermicomposting of household waste with red mud and fly ash 15% (dry weight). CO
Effectiveness of chemical amendments for stabilisation of lead and antimony in risk-based land management of soils of shooting ranges
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-06-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-013-1918-0
Abstract: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of amendments for risk-based land management of shooting range soils and to explore the effectiveness of amendments applied to sites with differing soil physiochemical parameters. A series of amendments with differing mechanisms for stabilisation were applied to four shooting range soils and aged for 1 year. Chemical stabilisation was monitored by pore water extraction, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the physiologically based extraction test (PBET) over 1 year. The performance of amendments when applied in conditions reflecting field application did not match the performance in the batch studies. Pore water-extractable metals were not greatly affected by amendment addition. TCLP-extractable Pb was reduced significantly by amendments, particularly lime and magnesium oxide. Antimony leaching was reduced by red mud but mobilised by some of the other amendments. Bioaccessible Pb measured by PBET shows that bioaccessible Pb increased with time after an initial decrease due to the presence of metallic fragments in the soil. Amendments were able to reduce bioaccessible Pb by up to 50 %. Bioaccessible Sb was not readily reduced by soil amendments. Soil amendments were not equally effective across the four soils.
Endofungal bacteria boost anthelminthic host protection with the biosurfactant symbiosin
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2SC04167G
Abstract: Bacterial endosymbionts of the saprotrophic soil fungus Mortierella verticillata NRRL 6337 produce a previously unknown lipodepsipeptide, symbiosin, which boosts the anthelmintic activity of necroxime to protect the host against fungivorous nematodes.
Micro (nano) plastic pollution: The ecological influence on soil-plant system and human health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
A combination of ferric nitrate/EDDS-enhanced washing and sludge-derived biochar stabilization of metal-contaminated soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.10.310
Abstract: In this study, soil washing and stabilization as a two-step soil remediation strategy was performed to remediate Pb- and Cu-contaminated soils from shooting range and railway sites. Ferric nitrate (Fe(NO
Surfactant-enhanced mobilization of persistent organic pollutants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2022.130189
Abstract: This review aims to provide an overview of the sources and reactions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and surfactants in soil and sediments, the surfactant-enhanced solubilisation of POPs, and the unintended consequences of surfactant-induced remediation of soil and sediments contaminated with POPs. POPs include chemical compounds that are recalcitrant to natural degradation through photolytic, chemical, and biological processes in the environment. POPs are potentially toxic compounds mainly used in pesticides, solvents, pharmaceuticals, or industrial applications and pose a significant and persistent risk to the ecosystem and human health. Surfactants can serve as detergents, wetting and foaming compounds, emulsifiers, or dispersants, and have been used extensively to promote the solubilization of POPs and their subsequent removal from environmental matrices, including solid wastes, soil, and sediments. However, improper use of surfactants for remediation of POPs may lead to unintended consequences that include toxicity of surfactants to soil microorganisms and plants, and leaching of POPs, thereby resulting in groundwater contamination.
Contaminant containment for sustainable remediation of persistent contaminants in soil and groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Sorption-bioavailability nexus of arsenic and cadmium in variable-charge soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2012.09.074
Abstract: In this work, the nexus between sorption and bioavailability of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) as affected by soil type, soil pH, ageing, and mobilizing agents were examined. The adsorption of As and Cd was examined using a number of allophanic and non-allophanic soils which vary in their charge components. The effect of pH and ageing on the bioavailability of As and Cd was examined using spiked soils in a plant growth experiment. The effect of phosphate (P)-induced mobility of As on its bioavailability was examined using a naturally contaminated sheep dip soil. The results indicated that the adsorption of both As and Cd varied amongst the soils, and the difference in Cd adsorption is attributed to the difference in surface charge. An increase in soil pH increased net negative charge by an average of 45.7 mmol/kg H thereby increasing cation (Cd) adsorption whereas, the effect of pH on anion (As) adsorption was inconsistent. The bioavailability of As and Cd decreased by 3.31- and 2.30-fold, respectively, with ageing which may be attributed to increased immobilization. Phosphate addition increased the mobility and bioavailability of As by 4.34- and 3.35-fold, respectively, in the sheep dip soil. However, the net effect of P on As phytoavailability depends on the extent of P-induced As mobilization in soils and P-induced competition for As uptake by roots. The results demonstrate the nexus between sorption and bioavailability of As and Cd in soils, indicating that the effects of various factors on bioavailability are mediated through their effects on sorption reactions.
Multi-Omic Analysis of Symbiotic Bacteria Associated With Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 12-08-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FMICB.2021.703711
Abstract: Mosquito breeding sites are complex aquatic environments with wide microbial ersity and physicochemical parameters that can change over time during the development of immature insect stages. Changes in biotic and abiotic conditions in water can alter life-history traits of adult mosquitos but this area remains understudied. Here, using microbial genomic and metabolomics analyses, we explored the metabolites associated with Aedes aegypti breeding sites as well as the potential contribution of Klebsiella sp., symbiotic bacteria highly associated with mosquitoes. We sought to address whether breeding sites have a signature metabolic profile and understand the metabolite contribution of the bacteria in the aquatic niches where Ae. aegypti larvae develop. An analysis of 32 mosquito-associated bacterial genomes, including Klebsiella , allowed us to identify gene clusters involved in primary metabolic pathways. From them, we inferred metabolites that could impact larval development (e.g., spermidine), as well as influence the quality assessment of a breeding site by a gravid female (e.g., putrescine), if produced by bacteria in the water. We also detected significant variance in metabolite presence profiles between water s les representing a decoupled oviposition event (oviposition by single females and manually deposited eggs) versus a control where no mosquito interactions occurred (PERMANOVA: p & 0.05 R 2 = 24.64% and R 2 = 30.07%). Five Klebsiella metabolites were exclusively linked to water s les where oviposition and development occurred. These data suggest metabolomics can be applied to identify compounds potentially used by female Ae. aegypti to evaluate the quality of a breeding site. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms by which the females could integrate these sensory cues while ovipositing constitutes a growing field of interest, which could benefit from a more depurated list of candidate molecules.
Preparation, forms and properties of controlled-release phosphate fertilizers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00750216
Potential for the phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated mine tailings in Fiji
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/SR07200
Abstract: The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the bioavailability of arsenic (As) to plants in an As-spiked agricultural soil and a naturally contaminated mine tailings, (2) to compare the theoretical ability of various chemical amendments to solubilise As in naturally contaminated mine tailings, and (3) to examine the ability of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) plants to remove the solubilised As from the soil and tailings. The growth media used for this study included mine tailings from a gold mine in Fiji contaminated with As (683 As mg/kg) due to the presence of arsenopyrite in the mined rock, and a pasture soil from New Zealand (Manawatu sandy loam) amended with lime and/or As. Brassica juncea was grown in these substrates in a glasshouse. In a separate batch experiment, we examined the theoretical ability of several chemical extractants to solubilise As from the mine tailings. Of the tested extractants, only hydrochloric acid (HCl) and a mixture containing ammonium oxalate (NH4)2C2O4, oxalic acid, and ascorbic acid were effective in extracting As from the tailings. In the plant growth experiment, solutions of these 2 chemicals were used as soil amendments at 2 different concentrations to increase As uptake by 6-week-old, actively growing B. juncea plants. Arsenic bioavailability as a function of the growth media influenced the germination rate of B. juncea, the As concentration in the plants, and the water-soluble As concentration in the media. There was approximately a 3-fold reduction in the germination of seeds, and a 64- and 380-fold increase in As concentration in plant and soil solution, respectively, in the spiked Manawatu soil compared with the naturally contaminated Fiji mine tailings. The spiking of soil with As did not mimic naturally contaminated tailings in this experiment. The total amount of As taken up by B. juncea plants increased approximately 9 fold with the addition of the amendments. However, the phytoremediation capacity of B. juncea for As extraction in Fiji mine tailings was too low for efficient remediation even in the presence of solubilising chemicals.
Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-09-2020
Sources, distribution, environmental fate, and ecological effects of nanomaterials in wastewater streams
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-11-2015
Biochar for Inorganic Contaminant Management in Waste and Wastewater
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 28-08-2015
DOI: 10.1201/B18920-14
Modification of Naturally Abundant Resources for Remediation of Potentially Toxic Elements: A Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Mulched drip irrigation and biochar application reduce gaseous nitrogen emissions, but increase nitrogen uptake and peanut yield
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154753
Abstract: Nitrous oxide and ammonia emissions from farmland need to be abated as they directly or indirectly affect climate warming and crop yield. We conducted a two-year field experiment to investigate the effect of biochar applied at two rates (no biochar application vs. biochar applied at 10 t ha
Identification and Mobilization of a Cryptic Antibiotic Biosynthesis Gene Locus from a Human-Pathogenic Nocardia Isolate
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 07-11-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACSCHEMBIO.9B00763
Abstract: The genus
Genome Mining Reveals Endopyrroles from a Nonribosomal Peptide Assembly Line Triggered in Fungal–Bacterial Symbiosis
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 08-07-2019
DOI: 10.1021/ACSCHEMBIO.9B00406
Abstract: The bacterial endosymbiont (
Interactions of food waste compost with metals and metal-chelant complexes during soil remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Phosphorus-trace element interactions in soil-plant systems
Publisher: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
Date: 26-10-2015
Chromium Contamination and Its Risk Management in Complex Environmental Settings
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
An overview of the environmental effects of land application of farm effluents
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Biochar for Inorganic Contaminant Management in Soil
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 28-08-2015
DOI: 10.1201/B18920-12
Foreword: Issues and innovations in land application of farm wastes
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Plant-derived saponin enhances biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere of native wild plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVPOL.2022.120152
Abstract: Plant-derived saponins are bioactive surfactant compounds that can solubilize organic pollutants in environmental matrices, thereby facilitating pollutant remediation. Externally applied saponin has potential to enhance total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) biodegradation in the root zone (rhizosphere) of wild plants, but the associated mechanisms are not well understood. For the first time, this study evaluated a triterpenoid saponin (from red ash leaves, Alphitonia excelsa) in comparison to a synthetic surfactant (Triton X-100) for their effects on plant growth and biodegradation of TPH in the rhizosphere of two native wild species (a grass, Chloris truncata, and a shrub, Hakea prostrata). The addition of Triton X-100 at the highest level (1000 mg/kg) in the polluted soil significantly hindered the plant growth (reduced plant biomass and photosynthesis) and associated rhizosphere microbial activity in both the studied plants. Therefore, TPH removal in the rhizosphere of both plant species treated with the synthetic surfactant was not enhanced (at the lower level, 500 mg/kg soil) and even slightly decreased (at the highest level) compared to that in the surfactant-free (control) treatment. By contrast, TPH removal was significantly increased with saponin application (up to 60% in C. truncata at 1000 mg/kg due to enhanced plant growth and associated rhizosphere microbial activity). No significant difference was observed between the two saponin application levels. Dehydrogenase activity positively correlated with TPH removal (p < 0.001) and thus this parameter could be used as an indicator to predict the rhizoremediation efficiency. This work indicates that saponin-amended rhizoremediation could be an environmentally friendly and effective biological approach to remediate TPH-polluted soils. It was clear that the enhanced plant growth and rhizosphere microbial activity played a crucial role in TPH rhizoremediation efficiency. The saponin-induced molecular processes that promoted plant growth and soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere warrant further studies.
Describing the effect of time on sorption of phosphate by iron and aluminium hydroxides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1985
Uptake of arsenic by New Zealand watercress (Lepidium sativum)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00294-2
Abstract: Watercress (Lepidium sativum) is consumed as a vegetable, especially by the indigenous community in New Zealand. An investigation was carried out on the accumulation of arsenic by watercress, following earlier reports of inordinate arsenic concentrations in some aquatic macrophytes collected from the Waikato River, North Island, New Zealand. The Waikato River and some other aquatic systems in Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand have elevated arsenic concentrations due to geothermal activity. Watercress, river water and sediment s les were collected from 27 sites along the Waikato river and analysed for arsenic. Greenhouse trials with watercress grown in beakers containing added arsenic were conducted to confirm the ability of this species to accumulate arsenic. At a number of sites, the concentration of arsenic in both the water and the watercress s les exceeded the World Health Organisation (WHO) limit for drinking water (0.01 mg l(-1)) and foodstuffs (2 mg kg(-1) on a fresh weight basis). The average leaf and stem arsenic concentrations were, respectively, 29.0 and 15.9 mg kg(-1) on a fresh weight basis. Plants grown in solutions of >0.4 mg l(-1) arsenic concentration had fresh weight arsenic concentrations above the WHO limit. Despite these higher concentrations, arsenic levels in plants grown under greenhouse conditions were approximately fivefold lower than in plants growing in the Waikato River, possibly because under natural conditions, the watercress is rooted in sediment containing on average approximately 35 mg kg(-1) arsenic. It is recommended that watercress from the Waikato River, or other areas with elevated water arsenic concentrations, should not be consumed.
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium increased with rising temperature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-01-2021
An overview of the direct and indirect effects of acid rain on plants: Relationships among acid rain, soil, microorganisms, and plants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2023
Nutrient Budgeting as an Approach to Assess and Manage the Impacts of Long-Term Irrigation Using Abattoir Wastewater
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2017
Nature-based Systems (NbS) for mitigation of stormwater and air pollution in urban areas: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2022
Succession of biochar addition for soil amendment and contaminants remediation during co-composting: A state of art review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
The role of soils in the disposition, sequestration and decontamination of environmental contaminants
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 04-08-2021
Abstract: Soil serves as both a ‘source’ and ‘sink’ for contaminants. As a source, contaminants are derived from both ‘geogenic’ and ‘anthropogenic’ origins. Typically, while some of the inorganic contaminants including potentially toxic elements are derived from geogenic origin (e.g. arsenic and selenium) through weathering of parent materials, the majority of organic (e.g. pesticides and microplastics) as well as inorganic (e.g. lead, cadmium) contaminants are derived from anthropogenic origin. As a sink, soil plays a critical role in the transformation of these contaminants and their subsequent transfer to environmental compartments, including groundwater (e.g. pesticides), surface water (phosphate and nitrate), ocean (e.g. microplastics) and atmosphere (e.g. nitrous oxide emission). A complex transformation process of contaminants in soil involving adsorption, precipitation, redox reactions and biodegradation control the mobility, bioavailability and environmental toxicity of these contaminants. Soil also plays a major role in the decontamination of contaminants, and the ‘cleaning’ action of soil is controlled primarily by the physico-chemical interactions of contaminants with various soil components, and the biochemical transformations facilitated by soil microorganisms. In this article, we examine the geogenic and anthropogenic sources of contaminants reaching the soil, and discuss the role of soil in the sequestration and decontamination of contaminants in relation to various physico-chemical and microbial transformation reactions of contaminants with various soil components. Finally, we propose future actions that would help to maintain the role of soils in protecting the environment from contaminants and delivering sustainable development goals. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of soils in delivering Nature's Contributions to People’.
Agronomic effectiveness of poultry manure composts
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-1995
Recovery, regeneration and sustainable management of spent adsorbents from wastewater treatment streams
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153555
Abstract: Adsorption is the most widely adopted, effective, and reliable treatment process for the removal of inorganic and organic contaminants from wastewater. One of the major issues with the adsorption-treatment process for the removal of contaminants from wastewater streams is the recovery and sustainable management of spent adsorbents. This review focuses on the effectiveness of emerging adsorbents and how the spent adsorbents could be recovered, regenerated, and further managed through reuse or safe disposal. The critical analysis of both conventional and emerging adsorbents on organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater systems are evaluated. The various recovery and regeneration techniques of spent adsorbents including magnetic separation, filtration, thermal desorption and decomposition, chemical desorption, supercritical fluid desorption, advanced oxidation process and microbial assisted adsorbent regeneration are discussed in detail. The current challenges for the recovery and regeneration of adsorbents and the methodologies used for solving those problems are covered. The spent adsorbents are managed through regeneration for reuse (such as soil amendment, capacitor, catalyst/catalyst support) or safe disposal involving incineration and landfilling. Sustainable management of spent adsorbents, including processes involved in the recovery and regeneration of adsorbents for reuse, is examined in the context of resource recovery and circular economy. Finally, the review ends with the current drawbacks in the recovery and management of the spent adsorbents and the future directions for the economic and environmental feasibility of the system for industrial-scale application.
Distribution, behaviour, bioavailability and remediation of poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in solid biowastes and biowaste-treated soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Environmental implications, potential value, and future of food-waste anaerobic digestate management: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2022.115519
Abstract: Globally, the valorisation of food waste into digestate through the process of anaerobic digestion is becoming increasingly popular. As a result, a large amount of food-waste digestate will need to be properly utilised. The utilisation of anaerobic digestion for fertiliser and alternative uses is essential to obtain a circular bioeconomy. The review aims to examine the environmental management of food-waste digestate, the value of digestate as a fertiliser and soil conditioner, and the emerging uses and improvements for post-anaerobic digestion reuse of digestate. Odour emissions, contaminants in food waste, emission and leaching of nutrients into the environment, and the regulations, policies, and voluntary initiatives of anaerobic digestion are evaluated in the review. Food-waste digestate can provide essential nutrients, carbon, and bio-stimulants to soils and increase yield. Recently, promising research has shown that digestates can be used in hydroponic systems and potentially replace the use of synthetic fertilisers. The integration of anaerobic digestion with emerging uses, such as extraction of value-added products, algae cultivation, biochar and hydrochar production, can further reduce inhibitory sources of digestate and provide additional economic opportunities for businesses. Moreover, the end-product digestate from these technologies can also be more suitable for use in soil application and hydroponic use.
Chapter 2 Contaminant chemistry in soils: Key concepts and bioavailability
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Microbial inoculants and struvite improved organic matter humification and stabilized phosphorus during swine manure composting: Multivariate and multiscale investigations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2022.126976
Abstract: The combined effects of microbial inoculants (MI) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP struvite) on organic matter (OM) biodegradation and nutrients stabilization during biowaste composting have not yet been investigated. Therefore, the effects of MI and MAP on OM stability and P species during swine manure composting were investigated using geochemical and spectroscopic techniques. MI promoted the degradation of carbohydrates and aliphatic compounds, which improved the degree of OM mineralization and humification. MI and MAP promoted the redistribution of P fractions and species during composting. After composting, the portion of water-soluble P decreased from 50.0% to 23.0%, while the portion of HCl-P increased from 18.5% to 33.5%, which mean that MI and MAP can stabilize P and mitigate its potential loss during composting. These findings indicate that MI can be recommended for enhancing OM biodegradation and stabilization of P during biowastes composting, as a novel trial for the biological waste treatment.
Dissolved Organic Matter
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
Effects of high rates of coal fly ash on soil, turfgrass, and groundwater quality
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
Biochar modulates heavy metal toxicity and improves microbial carbon use efficiency in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.11.214
Abstract: Soil organic carbon is essential to improve soil fertility and ecosystem functioning. Soil microorganisms contribute significantly to the carbon transformation and immobilisation processes. However, microorganisms are sensitive to environmental stresses such as heavy metals. Applying amendments, such as biochar, to contaminated soils can alleviate the metal toxicity and add carbon inputs. In this study, Cd and Pb spiked soils treated with macadamia nutshell biochar (5% w/w) were monitored during a 49days incubation period. Microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were extracted and analysed as biomarkers in order to identify the microbial community composition. Soil properties, metal bioavailability, microbial respiration, and microbial biomass carbon were measured after the incubation period. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) was calculated from the ratio of carbon incorporated into microbial biomass to the carbon mineralised. Total PLFA concentration decreased to a greater extent in metal contaminated soils than uncontaminated soils. Microbial CUE also decreased due to metal toxicity. However, biochar addition alleviated the metal toxicity, and increased total PLFA concentration. Both microbial respiration and biomass carbon increased due to biochar application, and CUE was significantly (p<0.01) higher in biochar treated soils than untreated soils. Heavy metals reduced the microbial carbon sequestration in contaminated soils by negatively influencing the CUE. The improvement of CUE through biochar addition in the contaminated soils could be attributed to the decrease in metal bioavailability, thereby mitigating the biotoxicity to soil microorganisms.
Assessing the effect of crop residue removal on soil organic carbon storage and microbial activity in a no‐till cropping system
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/SUM.12215
Formation of a Dinuclear Copper(I) Complex from the Clostridium‐Derived Antibiotic Closthioamide
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-08-2013
Potential Hotspot Areas of Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Grazed Pastoral Dairy Farm Systems
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Clean Coal Technology Combustion Products. Properties, Agricultural and Environmental Applications, and Risk Management.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Processes of soil acidification during nitrogen cycling with emphasis on legume based pastures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1991
DOI: 10.1007/BF00010717
Phosphate sorption by soil in relation to exchangeable cationcComposition and pH
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1071/SR9930137
Abstract: The influence of exchangeable cation composition on the sorption of phosphate (P) was studied using s les of an acid, clay loam subsoil which had been saturated with Ca2+ or Na+. The Na-soil always sorbed less P than the Ca-soil but the difference between the two systems was strongly pH-dependent. Sorption by the Na-soil declined rapidly as pH increased, to the extent that at pH 7.6 it was only 22% of that sorbed at pH 4.1. Although sorption by the Casoil also decreased with an initial pH increase, it increased again once pH exceeded approximately 5. The difference in sorption between the Ca, and Na-soils was only about 20% at low pH but it increased considerably above pH 5. At the highest comparable pH value (6.7), the Ca-soil sorbed almost 4 times as much P as the Na-soil. The observed cation-induced differences in P sorption by this soil cannot be explained simply by the formation of insoluble Ca-P compounds or surface Ca-P complexes in the Ca-saturated s les. A more plausible interpretation appears to derive from the effect of cation saturation on electrostatic potential. A model of P sorption which incorporates electrostatic potential effects indicated that the pH-dependence of the cation effect is likely to be due to a more rapid decrease in potential in the Na- than in the Casoil as pH is increased. However, in the absence of any measured values for potential, it is not possible to apply this model in a general way.
Biosynthesis and Ether‐Bridge Formation in Nargenicin Macrolides
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-02-2019
Biodegradation of 2,4-D herbicide as affected by Its adsorption-desorption behaviour and microbial activity of soils
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/SR9961041
Abstract: The adsorption-desorption behaviour and the degradation of an ionic herbicide (2,4-D) were examined using 10 soils from New Zealand that differed in their organic matter and clay content. Adsorption isotherms for 2,4-D were adequately described by the Freundlich isotherm and the values of the exponent N of the Freundlich isotherm were close to 1 (0.92-0.98), indicating that the adsorption isotherm tended to become linear. The extent of adsorption, as measured by the distribution coefficient (Kd), increased with an increase in soil organic carbon. The rate of desorption of 2,4-D followed first-order reaction kinetics with respect to surface concentration, and decreased with an increase in the organic carbon content of the soils. The rate of degradation of 2,4-D, as measured by the half-life (t1/2), decreased with an initial increase in soil organic carbon, which is attributed to the increase in adsorption. With increasing adsorption, the rate of desorption decreased, resulting in a low concentration of 2,4-D in the soil solution that is available for microbial degradation. When the organic carbon content was more than 12%, however, both the adsorption and rate of degradation increased. The enhanced degradation of 2,4-D at these levels of organic carbon may be related to the increased biological activity of the soil, as measured by substrate-induced respiration, and the decreased 2,4-D-induced inhibitory effect on microbial activity.
Retention of sulfamethoxazole by cinnamon wood biochar and its efficacy of reducing bioavailability and plant uptake in soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2022.134073
Abstract: The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of cinnamon wood biochar (CWBC) in adsorbing sulfamethoxazole (SUL), which alleviates bioavailability and plant uptake. Batch studies at various pH, contact times, and initial SUL loading were used to study SUL adsorption in CWBC, soil, and 2.5% CWBC amended soil. SUL mitigation from plant uptake were examined using Ipomoea aquatica at different SUL contamination levels in the soil. The kinetic results were described by pseudo-second-order with maximum adsorption capacities (Q
Stover retention rather than no-till decreases the global warming potential of rainfed continuous maize cropland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
A critical review on remediation of bisphenol S (BPS) contaminated water: Efficacy and mechanisms
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-06-2019
Influence of soil properties, topography, and land cover on soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration: A case study in Qinghai-Tibet plateau based on random forest regression and structural
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153440
Abstract: The effects of topography, land cover type, and soil physicochemical properties on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) have drawn growing attention recently, but little is known about how these features-associated interactions impact SOC and TN. To elucidate how these interactions affect the preservation of carbon and nitrogen in soils, we used data-driven models (random forest regression and structural equation modeling) to identify the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of SOC and TN in two different soil layers (0-20 and 20-40 cm) of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. In addition, an algorithm based on random forest ("Boruta") was chosen to identify the relevant influencing factors and partial dependence was used to depict the two most important factors. We found that rather than land cover type, environmental properties, such as soil physicochemical characteristics and altitude had the most significant effects on the distribution of SOC and TN. Our findings indicate that elevation and TN are the two most important factors influencing SOC in the surface and subsurface soil layers. Moreover, total potassium (TK) impacts TN content in the surface soil layer, but only in a specific range of concentrations, which could be attributed to anthropogenic activities such as applying nitrogen and potassium fertilizers to increase the yields of local food crop, Tibetan hulless barley. These findings provide a scientific perspective on soil nutrient preservation.
Biochar as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water: A review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2013.10.071
Abstract: Biochar is a stable carbon-rich by-product synthesized through pyrolysis/carbonization of plant- and animal-based biomass. An increasing interest in the beneficial application of biochar has opened up multidisciplinary areas for science and engineering. The potential biochar applications include carbon sequestration, soil fertility improvement, pollution remediation, and agricultural by-product/waste recycling. The key parameters controlling its properties include pyrolysis temperature, residence time, heat transfer rate, and feedstock type. The efficacy of biochar in contaminant management depends on its surface area, pore size distribution and ion-exchange capacity. Physical architecture and molecular composition of biochar could be critical for practical application to soil and water. Relatively high pyrolysis temperatures generally produce biochars that are effective in the sorption of organic contaminants by increasing surface area, microporosity, and hydrophobicity whereas the biochars obtained at low temperatures are more suitable for removing inorganic olar organic contaminants by oxygen-containing functional groups, electrostatic attraction, and precipitation. However, due to complexity of soil-water system in nature, the effectiveness of biochars on remediation of various organic/inorganic contaminants is still uncertain. In this review, a succinct overview of current biochar use as a sorbent for contaminant management in soil and water is summarized and discussed.
Phytocapping: An alternative technology for the sustainable management of landfill sites
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
Dissolution of various sources of gypsum in aqueous solutions and in soil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1991
Antibiotics from neglected bacterial sources
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJMM.2013.08.011
Abstract: The current crop of antibiotics in clinical use are either natural products or their derivatives. However, the rise of a multitude of different antibiotic resistant human pathogens has meant that new antibiotics are urgently needed. Unfortunately, the search for new antibiotics from traditional bacterial sources often results in a high rediscovery rate of known compounds and a low chance of identifying truly novel chemical entities. To overcome this, previously unexplored (or under investigated) bacterial sources are being tapped for their potential to produce novel compounds with new activities. Here, we review a number of antibiotic compounds identified from bacteria of the genera Burkholderia, Clostridium, Lysobacter, Pantoea and Xenorhabdus and describe the potential of organisms and their associated metabolites in future drug discovery efforts.
Vaccine-Specific Immune Responses against Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection in a Low-Dose Murine Challenge Model
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 20-02-2020
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00753-19
Abstract: The neglected tropical disease Buruli ulcer (BU) is an infection of subcutaneous tissue with Mycobacterium ulcerans . There is no effective vaccine. Here, we assessed an experimental prime-boost vaccine in a low-dose murine tail infection model. We used the enoyl reductase (ER) domain of the M. ulcerans mycolactone polyketide synthases electrostatically coupled with a previously described Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) agonist-based lipopeptide adjuvant, R 4 Pam 2 Cys.
The dynamics of glucose-derived 13C incorporation into aggregates of a sandy loam soil following two-decade compost or inorganic fertilizer amendments
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2015
Non-Equilibrium Sorption during the Movement of Pesticides in Soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1996
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9063(199604)46:4<333::AID-PS361>3.0.CO;2-A
Biomass energy from revegetation of landfill sites
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Microplastics and Soil Nutrient Cycling
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-05-2023
Sustainable management of hazardous asbestos-containing materials
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Enhancing crop productivity for recarbonizing soil
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2024
Both sides of coin: benefits and potential negative consequences of biochar in sediment remediation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2023
Effect of drying of soils on the adsorption and leaching of phosphate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1071/SR9940491
Abstract: Surface s les of an allophanic (Patua silt loam) and a non-allophanic (Tokomaru silt loam) soil were used to examine the effects of drying on the adsorption and leaching of phosphate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Phosphate and 2,4-D adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were determined for field-moist, air-dried and oven-dried soil s les using KH2PO4 and 14C labelled 2,4-D. In a separate experiment, the leaching of a pulse of phosphate or 2,4-D was examined using soil columns. The Patua silt loam adsorbed 4-7 times more phosphate and 2,4-D than the Tokomaru silt loam. Compared with field-moist soil, both air-dried and oven-dried soil increased (2-5 times) the adsorption of phosphate, and oven-dried soil decreased the adsorption of 2,4-D. The adsorption kinetics indicated that there was no effect of drying on the rate of adsorption of either phosphate or 2,4-D. In column experiments, there was less leaching of phosphate and 2,4-D from the Patua soil than from the Tokomaru soil. In both soils, there was no effect of drying on the leaching of phosphate, whereas oven-drying increased the leaching of 2,4-D. Solubilization of organic matter during drying increased the accessibility of P to adsorption sites on the mineral surface and thereby increased the adsorption, whereas the water-soluble organic matter bound 2,4-D and thereby decreased the apparent adsorption onto soil and increased leaching
CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN SOILS
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2005
Molecular-level understanding of malic acid retention mechanisms in ternary kaolinite-Fe(III)-malic acid systems: The importance of Fe speciation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Utilization of Biowaste for Mine Spoil Rehabilitation
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2016
Seasonal flooding wetland expansion would strongly affect soil and sediment organic carbon storage and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.154427
Abstract: In the past few decades, many non-flooding uplands (NF) and permanent flooding waters (PF) have been turned into seasonal flooding wetlands (SF) at the global scale. This trend could severely threaten global climate system by changing carbon cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. However, the effects of SF expansion on soil and sediment organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry are far from clearly understood. Therefore, we explored SOC storage and carbon-nutrient stoichiometry among adjacent NF, SF and PF using 817 s les at 0-100 cm depth increment at Poyang Lake and Shengjin Lake in the middle-lower Yangtze River floodplain, China. The SFs of the two lakes were both Carex lakeshore wetlands. The NF of Shengjin Lake was a near-natural forest, while the NF of Poyang Lake was a disturbed grassland. The results showed that SOC storage at SFs of Poyang Lake and Shengjin Lake was 75.61 and 98.01 Mg C/ha at 0-100 cm depth increment. The difference in SOC storage among nearby NF, SF and PF depended on depth and disturbance. SOC storage at SF was equivalent to that at near-natural NF, but was much higher than that at disturbed NF. SOC storage at SF was 12.62%-24.50% higher than that at PF at 0-30 cm depth increment, but was 15.16%-25.87% lower than that at PF at 0-100 cm depth increment. Edaphic carbon and nutrients followed allometric relationships at most sites and C increased faster than N and P along the depth gradients. Carbon-nutrient stoichiometric relationships at SF and PF were similar, and were more coupled than those at near-natural NF. This research illustrates the strong effects of seasonal flooding on SOC sequestration in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and expands our understanding of carbon cycling in these two ecosystems.
Comparative Sorption and Mobility of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Species in a Range of Soils: Implications to Bioavailability
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2013
Algae and bacteria consortia for wastewater decontamination and transformation into biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, biofertilizers and animal feed: a review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-01-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10311-023-01562-W
Abstract: Traditional wastewater treatment has been aimed solely at sanitation by removing contaminants, yet actual issues of climate change and depletion of natural resources are calling for methods that both remove contaminants and convert waste into chemicals and fuels. In particular, biological treatments with synergic coupling of microalgae and bacteria appear promising to remove organic, inorganic, and pathogen contaminants and to generate biofuels. Here, we review the use of algae and bacteria in the treatment and valorization of wastewater with focus on cell-to-cell adhesion, wastewater properties, and techniques for algae harvesting and production of biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen, exopolysaccarides, biofertilizers, and animal feeds.
Role of assisted natural remediation in environmental cleanup
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Distribution of carbon and nitrogen in forest floor components in Pinus radiata plantations of different ages in South Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-05-2017
A review of microplastics aggregation in aquatic environment: Influence factors, analytical methods, and environmental implications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
IONIC-STRENGTH AND PH EFFECTS ON THE SORPTION OF CADMIUM AND THE SURFACE-CHARGE OF SOILS
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1994
Chapter 1 Chemical bioavailability in terrestrial environments
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2008
Stabilization of Soil Organic Carbon as Influenced by Clay Mineralogy
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
The effect of environmental conditions and soil physicochemistry on phosphate stabilisation of Pb in shooting range soils
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2016.01.017
Abstract: The stabilisation of Pb in the soil by phosphate is influenced by environmental conditions and physicochemical properties of the soils to which it is applied. Stabilisation of Pb by phosphate was examined in four soils under different environmental conditions. The effect of soil moisture and temperature on stabilisation of Pb by phosphate was examined by measurement of water extractable and bioaccessible Pb, sequential fractionation and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The addition of humic acid, ammonium nitrate and chloride was also examined for inhibition or improvement of Pb stability with phosphate treatment. The effect of moisture level varied between soils. In soil MB and DA a soil moisture level of 50% water holding capacity was sufficient to maximise stabilisation of Pb, but in soil TV and PE reduction in bioaccessible Pb was inhibited at this moisture level. Providing moisture at twice the soil water holding capacity did not enhance the effect of phosphate on Pb stabilisation. The difference of Pb stability as a result of incubating phosphate treated soils at 18 °C and 37 °C was relatively small. However wet-dry cycles decreased the effectiveness of phosphate treatment. The reduction in bioaccessible Pb obtained was between 20 and 40% with the most optimal treatment conditions. The reduction in water extractable Pb by phosphate was substantial regardless of incubation conditions and the effect of different temperature and soil moisture regimes was not significant. Selective sequential extraction showed phosphate treatment converted Pb in fraction 1 (exchangeable, acid and water soluble) to fraction 2 (reducible). There were small difference in fraction 4 (residual) Pb and fraction 1 as a result of treatment conditions. X-ray absorption spectroscopy of stabilised PE soil revealed small differences in Pb speciation under varying soil moisture and temperature treatments. The addition of humic acid and chloride produced the greatest effect on Pb speciation in phosphate treated soils.
Effect of prolonged storage of soil lysimeters on nitrate leaching
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2002
The two-component regulator WalKR provides an essential link between cell wall homeostasis with DNA replication inStaphylococcus aureus
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 28-02-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530350
Abstract: Among the 16 two-component systems (TCSs) in the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus , only WalKR is essential. Like orthologous systems in other Bacillota, S. aureus WalKR controls autolysins involved in peptidoglycan remodelling and is therefore intimately involved in cell ision. However, despite the importance of WalKR in S. aureus , the basis for its essentiality is not understood and the regulon poorly defined. Here, we defined a consensus WalR DNA-binding motif and the direct WalKR regulon by using functional genomics, including ChIP-seq, with a panel of isogenic walKR mutants that had a spectrum of altered activities. Consistent with prior findings, the direct regulon includes multiple autolysin genes. However, this work also revealed that WalR directly regulates at least five essential genes involved in lipoteichoic acid synthesis ( ltaS ) translation (rplK ) DNA compaction ( hup ) initiation of DNA replication ( dnaA, hup ) and purine nucleotide metabolism ( prs ). Thus, WalKR in S. aureus serves as a polyfunctional regulator that contributes to fundamental control over critical cell processes by co-ordinately linking cell wall homeostasis with purine biosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, and DNA replication. Collectively, our findings address the essentiality of this locus and highlight the importance of WalKR as a bona fide target for novel anti-staphylococcal therapeutics.
Revamping highly weathered soils in the tropics with biochar application
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2022.153461
Abstract: Fast weathering of parent materials and rapid mineralization of organic matter because of prevalent climatic conditions, and subsequent development of acidity and loss/exhaustion of nutrient elements due to intensive agricultural practices have resulted in the degradation of soil fertility and productivity in the vast tropical areas of the world. There is an urgent need for rejuvenation of weathered tropical soils to improve crop productivity and sustainability. For this purpose, biochar has been found to be more effective than other organic soil amendments due to biochar's stability in soil, and thus can extend the benefits over long duration. This review synthesizes information concerning the present status of biochar application in highly weathered tropical soils highlighting promising application strategies for improving resource use efficiency in terms of economic feasibility. In this respect, biochar has been found to improve crop productivity and soil quality consistently through liming and fertilization effects in low pH and infertile soils under low-input conditions typical of weathered tropical soils. This paper identifies several advance strategies that can maximize the effectiveness of biochar application in weathered tropical soils. However, strategies for the reduction of costs of biochar production and application to increase the material's use efficiency need future development. At the same time, policy decision by linking economic benefits with social and environmental issues is necessary for successful implementation of biochar technology in weathered tropical soils. This review recommends that advanced biochar strategies hold potential for sustaining soil quality and agricultural productivity in tropical soils.
Sulfur deposition suppressed nitrogen-induced soil N2O emission from a subtropical forestland in southeastern China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2017
Geochemical fractionation and mineralogy of metal(loid)s in abandoned mine soils: Insights into arsenic behaviour and implications to remediation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Degradation of atrazine and bromacil in two forestry waste products
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-02-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-83052-Z
Abstract: The persistence and degradation of two common herbicides, atrazine and bromacil in two organic media, wood pulp and sawdust were compared with two soils. The hypothesis tested was that herbicide degradation will be faster in high organic matter media compared to soil. Degradation of two herbicides was carried out in four different temperature regimes and in sterilised media. The degradation half-life (t½) was determined under above-mentioned conditions then compared to degradation in soil. The degradation as quantified by t½ of the herbicides was generally longer in both organic media. Although microbial degradation was an important factor in the mineralisation of these herbicides, overall, the pH of the media had a more profound effect on the desorption and subsequent degradation rate than the organic carbon content. The results of this study revealed that the hypothesis was only partially correct as organic matter content per se did not strongly relate to degradation rates which were mainly governed by pH and microbial activity.
Measuring Expression Levels of Small Regulatory RNA Molecules from Body Fluids and Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Samples
Publisher: Springer New York
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1062-5_10
Abstract: MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of various pathophysiological processes such as immune regulation and cancer. Next-generation sequencing methods enable us to monitor their presence in various types of s les but we need flexible methods for validating datasets generated by high-throughput methods. Here we describe the detailed protocols to be used with our MiRNA Primer Design Tool assay design system. The presented methods allow the flexible design of the oligonucleotides needed for the RT-qPCR detection of any variant of small regulatory RNA molecules from virtually any species. This method can be used to measure miRNA levels from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) s les and various body fluids. As an ex le, we show the results of the hsa-miR-515-3p, hsa-miR-325, and hsa-miR-155 quantification using a specific UPL probe (Universal Probe Library) and a stem-loop RT-qPCR assay. The small nucleolar RNA RNU43 is used as endogenous control for normalization of the results. Urine from healthy pregnant women and FFPE s les from patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and treated with antibody-based anti-EGFR monotherapy were used as s les.
Characterization of organic carbon in decomposing litter exposed to nitrogen and sulfur additions: Links to microbial community composition and activity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Assessing phosphorus efficiency and tolerance in maize genotypes with contrasting root systems at the early growth stage using the semi-hydroponic phenotyping system
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-03-2023
Abstract: Development of an evaluation tool to determine genotypic variation in phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency is essential to ensure crop productivity and farmers’ income under low P environments. This study aimed to develop an evaluation tool to determine genotypic variation in low‐P tolerance and P use efficiency under low P environments. Root response and P efficiency traits in 20 maize genotypes with contrasting root systems were assessed 32 days after transplanting into the semi‐hydroponic root phenotyping system under low P (10 µM) or optimal P (200 µM) supply. Compared to optimal P, low P supply increased root‐to‐shoot biomass ratio by 48.7% (shoot dry weight decreased by 20.0% and root dry weight increased by 20.6%). Low P supply increased total root length by 17.8% but decreased primary root depth, with no significant change in lateral root number across all genotypes. Low P stress enhanced P utilization efficiency. Based on genotypic variation and correlations among the 17 measured plant traits in response to low P stress, nine traits were converted to low‐P tolerance coefficients (LPTC), compressed by principal component analysis. The three principal component scores were extracted for hierarchical cluster analysis and classified the 20 genotypes into three groups with different P efficiency, including two P‐efficient genotypes and nine P‐inefficient genotypes. The study demonstrated genotypic variation in response to low P stress. The P‐efficient genotypes with higher LPTC values better adapted to low P environments by adjusting root architecture and re‐distributing P and biomass in plant organs. The systematic cluster analysis using selected traits and their LPTC values can be used as an evaluation tool in assessing P efficiency among the genotypes.
Prediction of groundwater depth in an arid region based on maximum tree height
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Nitrification potential in the rhizosphere of Australian native vegetation
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/SR16116
Abstract: The rhizosphere influences nutrient dynamics in soil mainly by altering microbial activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rhizosphere effect on nitrogen transformation in Australian native vegetation in relation to nitrification potential (NP). Microbial activity, NP, and nitrifiers (ammonia-oxidising bacteria, AOB) were compared between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of several Australian native vegetation under field conditions. These parameters were also measured with increasing distance from the rhizosphere of selected plant species using plant growth experiments. To examine the persistence of nitrification inhibitory activity of rhizosphere soil on non-rhizosphere soil, the soils were mixed at various ratios and examined for NP and AOB populations. The rhizosphere soil from all native vegetation (29 species) had higher microbial activity than non-rhizosphere soil, whereas 13 species showed very low NP in the rhizosphere when compared with non-rhizosphere soil. Nitrification potential and AOB populations obtained in the soil mixture were lower than the predicted values, indicating the persistence of a nitrification inhibitory effect of the rhizosphere soils on non-rhizosphere soils. In plant growth experiments the microbial activity decreased with increasing distance from rhizosphere, whereas the opposite was observed for NP and AOB populations, indicating the selective inhibition of nitrification process in the rhizosphere of the Australian native plants Scaevola albida, Chrysocephalum semipapposum, and Enteropogon acicularis. Some Australian native plants inhibited nitrification in their rhizosphere. We propose future studies on these selected plant species by identifying and characterising the nitrification inhibiting compounds and also the potential of nitrification inhibition in reducing nitrogen losses through nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission.
Microbial responses to immobilization of potentially toxic elements in soils
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2022
Combined application of EDDS and EDTA for removal of potentially toxic elements under multiple soil washing schemes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHEMOSPHERE.2018.04.081
Abstract: Chelant-enhanced soil washing, such as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and biodegradable EDDS ([S,S]-ethylene-diamine-disuccinic acid), has been widely studied, however, EDTA is persistent under natural conditions while EDDS has a low efficiency for Pb extraction. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of mixed chelants (EDDS and EDTA mixture at 1:1 M ratio) for the removal of Cu, Zn, and Pb from a field-contaminated soil using various washing schemes (multi-pulse, step-gradient chelant, and continuous washing schemes). Speciation modelling of the target metals, mineral elements, and EDDS/EDTA was performed, while the leachability and bioaccessibility of residual metals in the treated soils were also assessed. Our results suggested that the combined use of EDDS and EDTA reached equivalent extraction efficiency of the target metals as EDTA, i.e., 50% reduction in the dosage of EDTA was made possible. This was accomplished by selective extraction of Cu by EDDS and Pb by EDTA, which was supported by the results of speciation calculation. Multi-pulse washing scheme with intermittent water rinsing steps removed entrapped metal-chelant complexes and free chelants, therefore reducing the leachability and bioaccessibility of residual metals in the treated soils. Step-gradient chelant washing with the maximum dosage of chelants in the first washing step only achieved marginal improvement but undesirably promoted Pb bioaccessibility. Continuous washing for 24 h enhanced metal extraction but promoted mineral dissolution, together with a large amount of uncomplexed chelants and increase in Cu leachability. Thus the combined use of EDDS and EDTA in multi-pulse washing is recommended for further studies.
Clanis bilineata larvae skin-derived biochars for immobilization of lead: Sorption isotherm and molecular mechanism
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.135251
Abstract: Clanis bilineata larva skin (CBLS), a new residue from the food industry, was first used to produce biochars by pyrolysis at 300 °C (CBLS300) and 700 °C (CBLS700), respectively, for Pb immobilization. The sorption isotherms and immobilization mechanisms of Pb on two biochars were investigated. CBLS700 exhibited more high-efficiency in sorption of Pb than CBLS300 due to the predicted maximum sorption capacity of CBLS700 (77.52 mg/g) was larger than that of CBLS300 (49.02 mg/g). Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence analysis exhibited the co-distribution of Pb and P in the sorption product of CBLS700 rather than CBLS300. Microfocused X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis highlighted the significance of organic ligand in the biochar for Pb immobilization due to both sorption products have organic complexed Pb. Moreover, 25% of total Pb was present as hydrocerussite on CBLS300 but partially transformed into stable hydroxylpyromorphite on CBLS700 (~21%), which was in accordance with the analysis of scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy disperse spectra. Additionally, addition of CBLS700 was more effective in reducing the leachable Pb in shooting range soil than that of CBLS300. These results strongly suggested the potential application of the new biochar (CBLS700) for the remediation of Pb-contaminated soils.
What have we known so far for fluorescence staining and quantification of microplastics: A tutorial review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-11-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S11783-021-1442-2
Abstract: Understanding the fate and toxicity of microplastics (MPs, 5 mm plastic particles) is limited by quantification methods. This paper summarizes the methods in use and presents new ones. First, s ling and pretreatment processes of MPs, including s le collection, digestion, density separation, and quality control are reviewed. Then the promising and convenient staining procedures and quantification methods for MPs using fluorescence dyes are reviewed. The factors that influence the staining of MPs, including their physicochemical properties, are summarized to provide an optimal operation procedure. In general, the digestion step is crucial to eliminate natural organic matter (NOM) to avoid interference in quantification. Chloroform was reported to be the most appropriate solvent, and 10–20 μg/mL are recommended as optimal dye concentrations. In addition, a heating and cooling procedure is recommended to maintain the fluorescence intensity of MPs for two months. After staining, a fluorescence microscope is usually used to characterize the morphology, mass, or number of MPs, but compositional analysis cannot be determined with it. These fluorescence staining methods have been implemented to study MP abundance, transport, and toxicity and have been combined with other chemical characterization techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. More studies are needed to focus on the synthesis of novel dyes to avoid NOM’s interference. They need to be combined with other spectroscopic techniques to characterize plastic composition and to develop image-analysis methods. The stability of stained MPs needs to be improved.
Tungsten contamination, behavior and remediation in complex environmental settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
A critical review on bioremediation technologies for Cr(VI)-contaminated soils and wastewater
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 21-01-2019
How biochar works, and when it doesn't: A review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/GCBB.12885
Abstract: We synthesized 20 years of research to explain the interrelated processes that determine soil and plant responses to biochar. The properties of biochar and its effects within agricultural ecosystems largely depend on feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. We describe three stages of reactions of biochar in soil: dissolution (1–3 weeks) reactive surface development (1–6 months) and aging (beyond 6 months). As biochar ages, it is incorporated into soil aggregates, protecting the biochar carbon and promoting the stabilization of rhizodeposits and microbial products. Biochar carbon persists in soil for hundreds to thousands of years. By increasing pH, porosity, and water availability, biochars can create favorable conditions for root development and microbial functions. Biochars can catalyze biotic and abiotic reactions, particularly in the rhizosphere, that increase nutrient supply and uptake by plants, reduce phytotoxins, stimulate plant development, and increase resilience to disease and environmental stressors. Meta‐analyses found that, on average, biochars increase P availability by a factor of 4.6 decrease plant tissue concentration of heavy metals by 17%–39% build soil organic carbon through negative priming by 3.8% (range −21% to +20%) and reduce non‐CO 2 greenhouse gas emissions from soil by 12%–50%. Meta‐analyses show average crop yield increases of 10%–42% with biochar addition, with greatest increases in low‐nutrient P‐sorbing acidic soils (common in the tropics), and in sandy soils in drylands due to increase in nutrient retention and water holding capacity. Studies report a wide range of plant responses to biochars due to the ersity of biochars and contexts in which biochars have been applied. Crop yields increase strongly if site‐specific soil constraints and nutrient and water limitations are mitigated by appropriate biochar formulations. Biochars can be tailored to address site constraints through feedstock selection, by modifying pyrolysis conditions, through pre‐ or post‐production treatments, or co‐application with organic or mineral fertilizers. We demonstrate how, when used wisely, biochar mitigates climate change and supports food security and the circular economy.
Sustainable soil use and management: An interdisciplinary and systematic approach
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
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Newcastle University
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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