ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2367-8303
Current Organisation
Universiti Malaya
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-01-2015
Abstract: Adolescent tobacco use (ATU) is on the rise worldwide and the problem is particularly severe in developing countries. Based on nationally representative data, this study aims to investigate the association between ATU and its possible correlates for Bangladesh, where the prevalence rate of ATU is high. The data set is extracted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey for Bangladesh conducted in 2007. The survey collected information from a total of 3113 students from 52 schools, with a response rate of 100% at the school level, while a response rate of 88.9% was achieved from the students. Students covered in the survey were in grades 7, 8, 9, and 10, with age ranging from 11 to 17 years. The prevalence rate of ATU at the time of the survey was 8.4%, while 35.6% of the students had used at least a type of tobacco products before. Logistic regressions were used to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) in favor of ATU for each of the possible determinants and the confidence intervals (CIs) of these ratios. Use of tobacco among friends (OR = 3.46 CI = 2.37-5.05), the experience of seeing others smoking at home (OR = 2.10 CI = 1.36-3.22) or other places (OR = 1.6 CI = 1.02-2.57), receiving pocket money (OR = 7.6 CI = 4.59-13.28), receiving free tobacco from vendors (OR = 2.3 CI = 1.44-3.78), and exposure to advertisements and promotions of tobacco products (OR = 1.83 CI = 1.23-2.79) were associated with a higher likelihood of ATU. Increased awareness of health hazards of tobacco use through education in schools helped mitigate the problem of ATU. The findings of this study have ramifications for tobacco control prevention strategies in Bangladesh.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-06-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-04-2017
Abstract: Early detection of raised blood glucose can reduce the risk of developing diabetes. Despite being a high-risk group, a significant proportion of the elderly population does not undergo blood glucose screening. The aim of the present study was to examine the factors affecting blood glucose screening among the elderly. Data from a s le of 2463 respondents in the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 were used. Pearson Chi-squared tests were conducted to find factors associated with screening behavior. A logit model was used to analyze the likelihood of screening. Income, age, education, ethnicity, employment status, availability of medical coverage, and smoking behavior were significantly associated with blood glucose screening. The likelihood of blood glucose screening was positively correlated with available monthly income and was higher in those aged 60-69 years, those attaining higher education, Malays, and elderly who are medically covered. The findings of the present study provide insights for health policy formulation for the elderly. As part of their efforts to reduce national health costs, governments should pay particular attention to the elderly, who are likely to be unscreened for blood glucose levels, because they face even larger risk exposure.
Publisher: International Global Health Society
Date: 23-01-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Pte Lt
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1142/S021909151950005X
Abstract: This paper investigates the linkages of Chinese yuan to other currencies before and after the yuan devaluation on 11 August 2015. Linear regression analysis shows that only a few of the 14 currencies considered are significantly affected by the devaluation. However, the devaluation of Chinese yuan has been associated with larger fluctuations in these currencies and the occurrence of extreme positive and negative returns. The regression method may under estimate the tail dependence between currencies, as financial data are usually non-normally distributed, especially when extreme event occurs. We apply the Archimedean copulas to capture the presence of lower and upper tail dependence between the exchange rate returns of Chinese yuan and the selected currencies, and found dependencies not revealed by the linear regression analysis. The extreme returns after the Chinese yuan devaluation have resulted in higher dependence with the selected currencies. While the dependence structure was dominated by risks due to unusual currency gains before the devaluation, the market responses to large losses and gains have become more symmetric after the devaluation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2021
Abstract: This article investigates the linkages of the movements in Renminbi (RMB) to volatility of exchange rate returns of other currencies before and after the yuan devaluation on 11 August 2015. A comparison between the onshore Chinese yuan (CNY) and the offshore Chinese yuan (CNH) is made. Standard regression methods underestimate the tail dependence between yuan and other exchange rate volatility, as financial data are non-normally distributed, especially when extreme event occurs. We apply Gumbel copulas to capture the presence of tail dependence between RMB returns and the volatility of exchange rate returns for 13 selected currencies, and found dependencies not revealed by the standard ARCH models. The tail dependence has increased after the RMB devaluation, suggesting that RMB depreciation is associated with higher downside risks in these currencies. This is most obvious in the currencies of Asian and ASEAN-5 countries that have strong trade and financial linkages with China. The dependence structure has shifted away from the dominance of onshore CNY rates before the devaluation to the growing importance of more volatile offshore CNH rates after the devaluation. Hence, any large depreciation in CNH will lead to a higher volatility in the other exchange rate returns, and the corresponding downside currency risks are higher than those of the CNY.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 04-12-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0047404519000642
Abstract: This article explores religious impact on language maintenance and language shift in two Hakka communities in Malaysia. While research has shown a trend towards language shift in these communities, whether religious institutions can play a role in heritage language maintenance remained unclear. The key findings are as follows: (i) language use patterns differ among various religious groups (ii) this difference is due mainly to religious practices, that is, whether a heritage language is used as the ‘language of religion’ and (iii) most religious institutions, except Taoist temples and Basel churches, seem to fuel shifting. However, the tendency to move towards the ‘bi-language of religion’ threatens even the efforts of Basel churches. The study indicates interesting possibilities regarding religious impact but also shows, paradoxically, that the priority of Hakka-based religious institutions is to promote their religions, not to sustain the threatened heritage language. (Language maintenance, language shift, religious impact, Hakka Chinese community)*
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1996
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-05-2018
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-01-2014
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate tobacco use behaviours and their correlates among secondary school students in Nepal and Sri Lanka together with cross-country comparisons. Cross-sectional survey. The data were obtained from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), 2007. Current tobacco use was considered as a response variable. Predictors were selected based on existing literature and theories on adolescent tobacco use. The data of 1,444 Nepalese and 1,377 Sri Lankan students aged 13–15 years was used for analysis. Prevalence of tobacco use varies with 9.4% and 9.1% among Nepalese and Sri Lankan students respectively. Boys (13.2 vs. 5.3 for Nepal, 12.4 vs. 5.8 for Sri Lanka), older and senior students was more likely to be tobacco users in both countries. The average age of tobacco initiation was 10.2 years in Nepal and 8.6 years in Sri Lanka. Factors, namely, in idual characteristics, tobacco use among friends, smoking at home and public places, free tobacco products, and lessons about negative effects of tobacco in class were significantly associated with tobacco use in Nepal and Sri Lanka. For instance, friends’ tobacco use was a good predictor for adolescents’ usage (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0, confidence interval [CI] = 2.61–6.23 in Nepal OR = 2.5, CI = 1.50–4.23 in Sri-Lanka). Similarly, course curriculum significantly reduced smoking among students. Prevention of tobacco use among school students should be top priority of a country as they are long-term customers and replacement smokers who quit or die. Therefore comprehensive strategies as we proposed along with existing prevention programmes should be tightened to stop them from hazardous behaviours.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/GGI.14299
Abstract: This study investigates how the personal characteristics and behavior, and health status of older adults in China influenced their productive engagement in paid and unpaid jobs. Data for this analysis came from 2002, 2005, 2008 and 2011 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). We used a random intercept multilevel multinomial logit model to analyze data from 3208 older adults aged 65 from the 2002 wave, which decreased to 1385 in 2011. The main study variable is older adults' engagement in paid jobs and unpaid work (including housework, care‐taking, poultry farming, and planting vegetables that have an economic value). There was a strong association between older adults' productive engagement and their functional limitations to daily living activities, health and healthy behavior. Older adults with inadequate finance were more likely to be working to support themselves. Those who exercised less and living in the provinces with higher GDP were less likely to work post‐retirement. Chronic diseases, advances in age, no education and rural residence did not deter older adults from doing unpaid work. Older adults in China were actively engaged in paid and unpaid activities. Efforts to support the active engagement of older adults require all stakeholders to promote healthy living, facilitate social engagements and provide an age‐friendly work environment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021 21: 1138–1146 .
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 2021
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Men's health has been acknowledged as a broad field that comprises not only of male specific diseases, but involves widely differing disciplines. While a significant number of studies have looked into the definition of men's health, there is a lack of concerted attempts to collectively review the theories, models and frameworks in men's health studies. This paper presents an overview of theories, models and frameworks used in past men's health studies. Material and Methods: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O'Malley framework. Publications were searched in three electronic databases. Two independent researchers performed publications' selection and data charting. Any disagreement was resolved by consultation with a third researcher. Results: One hundred and forty publications were included in this review. Within these publications, 87 theories, models and frameworks were identified. They were found to be generic to either health sciences or social sciences, or specific to men's health. Three type of processes were observed among the theories, models and frameworks, namely, behavioural, cognitive and gender processes. The findings also indicated a lack of publications about theories, models and frameworks in men's health studies from developing countries and outside the western world. Conclusion: The results revealed the multidisciplinary nature of men's health. However, due to the fragmentation of theoretical understanding by separate disciplines, an interdisciplinary approach is necessary for this field.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 10-10-2018
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 02-2003
DOI: 10.1108/09513540310456383
Abstract: This paper shows that class size has inappropriately influenced students’ judgements on evaluations of lecturers in the Faculty of Economics and Administration, University of Malaya. A bias exists whereby courses with small enrolment receive good overall teaching ratings, whereas larger classes have produced poor evaluations. On the other hand, teaching ratings are not affected by instructor characteristics (instructional experience, rank and gender) or other course characteristics (type and level of subject, and time and day course is taught). To improve the construct validity of student ratings as a measure of teaching performance, this paper suggests using results from a regression model to estimate the bias factor associated with class size, and adjusting the overall teaching ratings based on this estimate in order to control for the bias.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1999
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-10-2013
Abstract: This article aimed to identify the determinants of tobacco consumption and illegal drug use (IDU) as well as to examine the association between these two variables using a representative s le of 3,771 Bangladeshi males aged 15 to 54 years. Data were collected through Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007. To identify the determinants, the patterns of tobacco consumption and IDU were analyzed by age, education and occupation, residence, mass media, premarital sex, wealth, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Prevalence of smoking cigarette and bidi was roughly 60%. However, the prevalence of IDU was 3.4%, and this proportion is statistically significant ( Z = 11.32, p = .000). After bivariate analysis, almost all variables except STIs were significantly associated with tobacco consumption. Similarly, all variables except residence and mass media were associated with IDU. Based on multivariable adjusted logistic regression analysis, the likelihood of using IDU was approximately twofold (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-2.53) among bidi smokers and fourfold (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.62-5.56) among cigarette smokers as compared with nonsmokers.
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 21-08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-01-2012
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 18-02-2021
DOI: 10.1108/IJSE-06-2020-0393
Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the sociodemographic factors that are associated with health care expenditure among households in Malaysia. This study examines health care participation decision and amount of expenditure using the exponential Type 2 Tobit model. A dataset of a large s le ( n = 14,838) that is nationally representative is used. The results suggest that household size, location of residence as well as age, education and marital status of the household heads are significantly associated with household expenditure on health care. Health care expenditure increases with the age and educational attainment of household heads, whereas those who are being employed and residing in rural areas have lower health care expenditure. Although larger households are more likely to consume health care than smaller households, they spend less on health care. Furthermore, marital status does not affect the participation decision of health care expenditure, but the variable is associated with the decision on the amount of the expenditure. The results provide insights into groups of population that can be targeted for healthcare intervention programmes and policy design. This study is the first to our knowledge to use a microeconometric approach to analyse the health care participation as well as its level of expenditure among households in Malaysia.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2010
Publisher: Malaysian Institute of Planners
Date: 04-09-2019
DOI: 10.21837/PMJOURNAL.V17.I10.625
Abstract: This paper examines income differentials across the 16 states/territories in Malaysia, using quantile regression of income per capita on a nationally representative s le of 24,463 households in 2014. The results show that the vast differentials in income per capita across states are attenuated after taking into account urban-rural and ethnic distribution, but remain significant. Income differentials across states vary at different levels of income, being more pronounced at the lower ends of the distributions. States and territory in the central region had the highest income. The three states in the southern regions fared better than those in the northern region (except Penang), and the eastern region as well as East Malaysia. Other variables such as level of urbanisation, the educational level, migration, employment structure, and female labour force participation may also affect income differentials across states.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2009
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-07-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 16-03-2015
Abstract: This study examines the safe delivery practices of Bangladeshi women using data on 4905 ever-married women aged 15 to 49 years from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Variables that included age, region of origin, education level of respondent and spouse, residence, working status, religion, involvement in NGOs, mass media exposure, and wealth index were analyzed to find correlates of safe delivery practices. More than 80% of the deliveries took place at home, and only 18% were under safe and hygienic conditions. The likelihood of safe deliveries was significantly lower among younger and older mothers than middle-aged mothers and higher among educated mothers and those living in urban areas. Economically better-off mothers and those with greater exposure to mass media had a significantly higher incidence of safe delivery practices. A significant association with religion and safe delivery practices was revealed. Demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and programmatic factors that are strongly associated with safe delivery practices should be considered in the formulation of reproductive health policy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
No related grants have been discovered for Kim-Leng Goh.