ORCID Profile
0000-0002-1457-9004
Current Organisations
University of York
,
Dublin City University
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Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-10-2015
Abstract: Polycomb-like proteins 1–3 (PCL1–3) are substoichiometric components of the Polycomb-repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that are essential for association of the complex with chromatin. However, it remains unclear why three proteins with such apparent functional redundancy exist in mammals. Here we characterize their ergent roles in both positively and negatively regulating cellular proliferation. We show that while PCL2 and PCL3 are E2F-regulated genes expressed in proliferating cells, PCL1 is a p53 target gene predominantly expressed in quiescent cells. Ectopic expression of any PCL protein recruits PRC2 to repress the INK4A gene however, only PCL2 and PCL3 confer an INK4A -dependent proliferative advantage. Remarkably, PCL1 has evolved a PRC2- and chromatin-independent function to negatively regulate proliferation. We show that PCL1 binds to and stabilizes p53 to induce cellular quiescence. Moreover, depletion of PCL1 phenocopies the defects in maintaining cellular quiescence associated with p53 loss. This newly evolved function is achieved by the binding of the PCL1 N-terminal PHD domain to the C-terminal domain of p53 through two unique serine residues, which were acquired during recent vertebrate evolution. This study illustrates the functional bifurcation of PCL proteins, which act in both a chromatin-dependent and a chromatin-independent manner to regulate the INK4A and p53 pathways.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 25-12-2006
DOI: 10.1063/1.2425044
Abstract: An industrial, confined, dual frequency, capacitively coupled, radio-frequency plasma etch reactor (Exelan®, Lam Research) has been modified for spatially resolved optical measurements. Space and phase resolved optical emission spectroscopy yields insight into the dynamics of the discharge. A strong coupling of the two frequencies is observed in the emission profiles. Consequently, the ionization dynamics, probed through excitation, is determined by both frequencies. The control of plasma density by the high frequency is, therefore, also influenced by the low frequency. Hence, separate control of plasma density and ion energy is rather complex.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2795634
Abstract: The ion dynamics in the high-voltage sheath of a capacitively coupled radio-frequency plasma has been investigated using mass-resolved ion energy analysis in combination with a two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) code. A symmetric confined discharge is designed allowing highly accurate comparisons of measured ion energy distribution functions in high-voltage sheaths with simulation results. Under the conditions investigated, the sheaths are not only collisional, but also chemically complex. This situation is common in applications but rare in laboratory experiments. Excellent agreement has been found for a hydrogen discharge benchmarking the code. Hydrogen is of particular interest since its light mass gives detailed insight into sheath dynamics, and an extensive database of collisional cross sections is available. The H3+ ion was found to be the dominant ion in the sheaths and the plasma bulk under most conditions investigated. H3+ exhibits the typical saddle-shaped ion energy distribution function indicative of ions created in the plasma bulk and traversing the entire sheath potential. H+ and H2+ are predominantly formed through collisions in the high-voltage sheath. H2+ ion energy distribution functions show structures resulting from symmetric charge exchange collisions with the background gas. Minor discrepancies between the experimental results and PIC simulations indicate slightly lower plasma densities in the simulation, resulting in larger sheath width.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 29-06-2009
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 16-09-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4821738
Abstract: Nanosecond optical imaging spectroscopy is employed to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of the plasma plume expanding from a 4.2 mm-diameter, 20 mm-long cylindrical capacitively coupled electrothermal radiofrequency (rf) driven thruster using 10 W of power at 12.50 MHz and an argon pressure of 1.5 Torr. On-axis, the plume exhibits four distinct peaks of optical emission intensity within the rf period. The plume has a spherical shape with a transient radial extension (during half of the rf cycle) at the thruster exit plane due to an rf current to ground when the grounded electrode acts as an anode.
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 21-01-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4789371
Abstract: The generation of spatially periodic fronts of high-energy electrons (& .48 eV) has been investigated in a radio-frequency surface microdischarge in atmospheric-pressure argon. Optical emission spectroscopy is used to study the Ar I 2p1−1s2 transition surrounding a filamentary microdischarge, both spatially and with respect to the phase of the applied voltage. The formation of excitation fronts, which remain at a constant propagation distance throughout the RF cycle and for the duration of the pulse, may be explained by a localized increase in the electric field at the tip of surface-charge layers that are deposited during the extension phase.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-11-2007
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 26-03-2007
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 07-07-2014
DOI: 10.1063/1.4889916
Abstract: Two distinct operational modes are observed in a radio frequency (rf) low pressure hydrogen hollow cathode discharge. The mode transition is characterised by a change in total light emission and differing expansion structures. An intensified CCD camera is used to make phase resolved images of Balmer α emission from the discharge. The low emission mode is consistent with a typical γ discharge, and appears to be driven by secondary electrons ejected from the cathode surface. The bright mode displays characteristics common to an inductive discharge, including increased optical emission, power factor, and temperature of the H2 gas. The bright mode precipitates the formation of a stationary shock in the expansion, observed as a dark region adjacent to the source-chamber interface.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Deborah O'Connell.