ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4527-7658
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-11-2022
Abstract: The longspined sea urchin, Centrostephanus rodgersii, is a climate-driven pest species in south-eastern Australia. The harvest of this species is highly encouraged and in Tasmania, the existing fishery is expanding resulting in a large amount of waste that needs disposal. Research into use of waste products as inputs for organic or biodynamic farming systems can help reduce costs of disposal and keep the industry profitable by sustaining or incrementing sea urchin harvest the industry can assist in their control. In the current study, urchin waste was dried and finely ground to a powder and applied to tomato plants in a greenhouse to examine the effect on growth and productivity. Urchin waste powder (UWP) had a mineral composition of Ca (40 g 100 g−1), Mg (1.7 g 100 g−1), P (0.03 g 100 g−1), Fe (19.34 mg kg−1) and B (38 mg kg−1), a pH 8.06 in water and an Electrical Conductivity (EC) value of 7.64 dSm−1. Seven different treatment rates of UWP (0.3% 0.5% 0.8% 1% 2% 3% 5%), were added to 10 replicate pots containing 4 kg nutrient-poor potting mix planted with tomato (Variety K1) seedlings. Plant growth, yield, quality attributes and mineral content of tomato were measured under UWP treatments with comparison against a Hoagland solution control. UWP influenced tomato growth and productivity proportional to the quantity applied, however, the Hoagland solution control had a significantly greater yield. Potting mix pH increased from 6.8 to 7 and higher available P was detected in potting mix receiving higher rates of UWP. No phytotoxic effects were detected. The highest UWP treatment matched the Hoagland control in fruit quality and nutritional composition. Processing waste from the sea urchin fishery has potential as organic fertiliser or amendment providing plant-available Ca and some microelements such as Boron.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2017.02.012
Abstract: Varietal base ciders were produced from three varieties of dessert apples ('Pink Lady®', 'Royal Gala' and 'Red Delicious') at pre-commercial, commercial and post-commercial harvest timings. Rapid analytical methods were used to categorise the base ciders, and data analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). The titratable acidity of apple must was significantly higher for the pre-commercial harvest fruit for both the 'Royal Gala' and 'Red Delicious' varieties. The base cider phenolic content was highest in the pre-commercial harvest fruit for all varieties. 'Red Delicious' had the highest total phenolics as determined by spectral analysis and supported by the classification provided by the PCA analysis. The spectral fingerprints of the ciders showed two main peaks at approximately 280nm and 320nm indicating phenolic concentrations. Studies analysing characteristics of dessert apple varieties with relevance for cider production will allow for informed decision making for both apple producers and cider makers.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-07-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2007
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-08-2008
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 13-03-2023
DOI: 10.1071/BT22116
Abstract: Context Asymbiotic germination is used for propagation of orchids and to assess seed viability. However, asymbiotic germination media remain undeveloped for Prasophyllum (Orchidaceae), a genus with 39 threatened species in southern Australia. Aims To develop asymbiotic germination and replate media for Prasophyllum, and determine whether survival of asymbiotically grown seedlings under nursery conditions is enhanced through the addition of a mycorrhizal fungus to potting media. Methods Using Prasophyllum frenchii as a model, we tested 81 asymbiotic germination medium combinations. The three best-performing media were then compared against four untested commercial media, with and without added coconut water and/or banana. The best-performing medium was trialled on 18 additional Prasophyllum species. Twenty-four replate media were then tested for their ability to support seedling development. We measured the survival of seedlings under nursery conditions with and without the addition of mycorrhizal Ceratobasidium fungus to potting media. Key results Low concentrations of minerals, auxins and cytokinins were necessary for asymbiotic germination of P. frenchii, although germination was highest overall on the commercial medium W9.5 with 5% coconut water. The most effective replate medium was W9 with 5% banana. However, survival of seedlings was 1.7%, 2 years after transferral to potting media in the nursery, regardless of the addition or absence of a mycorrhizal fungus. Conclusions Asymbiotic media can effectively germinate Prasophyllum seed, although deflasked seedlings have low survival rates. Implications Our media are broadly applicable to assess seed viability in Prasophyllum. However, poor survival of asymbiotically grown seedlings contrasts with recently published evidence of high seedling survival using symbiotic propagation methods, indicating that plants should be propagated symbiotically for conservation programs.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 12-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/FERMENTATION8090455
Abstract: During the fermentation of apple juice, yeast metabolism creates complex biosynthetic pathways which produce a range of compounds responsible for the organoleptic qualities of cider. In this study, basic cider quality parameters were measured to investigate the influence of six yeast strains on cider made from three apple varieties (‘Pink Lady’, ‘Sturmer’, and ‘Bulmer’s Norman’). Measurement of pH, titratable acidity, and total phenolic content revealed that yeast can influence cider attributes, albeit variety and season dependent. Descriptive sensory analysis using a trained sensory panel was conducted on cider made from ‘Pink Lady’ apples and the same six yeast strains. The sensory panel significantly differentiated the yeast strains on the attributes of ‘fresh apple’, ‘earthy’ and ‘pear’. Identifying the variety specific influence of in idual yeast strains on chemical and sensory characteristics of apple cider will provide cider makers with an enhanced understanding when choosing yeast strains.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-08-2020
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCAA116
Abstract: In orchid conservation, quantifying the specificity of mycorrhizal associations, and establishing which orchid species use the same fungal taxa, is important for sourcing suitable fungi for symbiotic propagation and selecting sites for conservation translocation. For Caladenia subgenus Calonema (Orchidaceae), which contains 58 threatened species, we ask the following questions. (1) How many taxa of Serendipita mycorrhizal fungi do threatened species of Caladenia associate with? (2) Do threatened Caladenia share orchid mycorrhizal fungi with common Caladenia? (3) How geographically widespread are mycorrhizal fungi associated with Caladenia? Fungi were isolated from 127 Caladenia species followed by DNA sequencing of the internal transcibed spacer (ITS) sequence locus. We used a 4.1–6 % sequence ergence cut-off range to delimit Serendipita operational taxonomic units (OTUs). We conducted trials testing the ability of fungal isolates to support germination and plant growth. A total of 597 Serendipita isolates from Caladenia, collected from across the Australian continent, were used to estimate the geographic range of OTUs. Across the genus, Caladenia associated with ten OTUs of Serendipita (Serendipitaceae) mycorrhizal fungi. Specificity was high, with 19 of the 23 threatened Caladenia species s led in detail associating solely with OTU A, which supported plants from germination to adulthood. The majority of populations of Caladenia associated with one OTU per site. Fungal sharing was extensive, with 62 of the 79 Caladenia s led in subgenus Calonema associating with OTU A. Most Serendipita OTUs were geographically widespread. Mycorrhizal fungi can be isolated from related common species to propagate threatened Caladenia. Because of high specificity of most Caladenia species, only small numbers of OTUs typically need to be considered for conservation translocation. When selecting translocation sites, the geographic range of the fungi is not a limiting factor, and using related Caladenia species to infer the presence of suitable fungal OTUs may be feasible.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-03-2013
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCT064
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-09-2020
Abstract: Total phenolic content is widely accepted as a key measure of quality for cider. Apple juice and cider, made from six apple varieties including dessert and cider apples, were analysed for total phenolics using three different methods: (a) the Folin-Ciocalteu method, (b) the Somers method (a spectrophotometric method developed specifically for wine), and (c) ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) as a benchmark test. Of these approaches, the Somers method had the strongest correlation with UPLC with an R2 value of 0.99, whilst the Folin-Ciocalteu correlated with UPLC with an R2 value of 0.89. The Folin-Ciocalteu method also had a strong positive correlation with the Somers approach with an R2 value of 0.91. Correlations between methods were strongest for apple varieties that were naturally high in phenolic content. These results highlight the potential of the Somers method to rapidly, inexpensively, and accurately report the total phenolic content of apple juice and ciders made from dessert and cider apple varieties.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/BOJ.12336
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-08-2016
DOI: 10.1111/BOJ.12453
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/SR15326
Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions contribute 6% of the global warming effect and are derived from the activity of soil-based microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification processes. There is a paucity of greenhouse gas emissions data for Australia’s horticulture industry. In this study we investigated N2O flux from two deciduous fruit tree crops, apples and cherries, in two predominant growing regions in eastern Australia, the Huon Valley in southern Tasmania (Lucaston – apples and Lower Longley – cherries), and high altitude northern New South Wales (Orange – apples and Young – cherries). Estimated from manual chamber measurements over a 12-month period, average daily emissions were very low ranging from 0.78gN2O-Nha–1day–1 in the apple orchard at Lucaston to 1.86gN2O-Nha–1day–1 in the cherry orchard in Lower Longley. Daily emissions were up to 50% higher in summer (maximum 5.27gN2O-Nha–1day–1 at Lower Longley) than winter (maximum 2.47gN2O-Nha–1day–1 at Young) across the four trial orchards. N2O emissions were ~40% greater in the inter-row than the tree line for each orchard. Daily flux rates were used as a loss estimate for annual emissions, which ranged from 298gN2O-Nha–1year–1 at Lucaston to 736gN2O-Nha–1year–1 at Lower Longley. Emissions were poorly correlated with soil temperature, volumetric water content, water filled porosity, gravimetric water content and matric potential – with inconsistent patterns between sites, within the tree line and inter-row and between seasons. Stepwise linear regression models for the Lucaston site accounted for less than 10% of the variance in N2O emissions, for which soil temperature was the strongest predictor. N2O emissions in deciduous tree crops were among the lowest recorded for Australian agriculture, most likely due to low rates of N fertiliser, cool temperate growing conditions and highly efficient drip irrigation systems. We recommend that optimising nutrient use efficiency with improved drainage and a reduction in soil compaction in the inter-row will facilitate further mitigation of N2O emissions.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-02-2009
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCP025
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 23-03-2023
Abstract: Foliar application of nitrogen (N) may supplement soil-applied N in sweet cherry orchards. The proteinogenic amino acid L-proline is a potential source of organic N. However, little is understood about its uptake and effects on fruit quality. In this study, 15N-labelled L-proline was spray-applied to branches of the cultivar ‘Lapins’ either pre- or post-harvest. Leaves, fruit, and whole branches were s led to investigate the uptake and allocation of foliar-applied N. Both treatments resulted in elevated 15N levels in leaves, with N derived from proline (%NDP) comprising 0.22% and 0.45% after pre- and post-harvest applications, respectively. The fruit was a sink for pre-harvest L-proline, with the highest %NDP in the pedicel (0.21%), followed by the skin (0.17%) and flesh (0.12%). Quality outcomes of smaller, darker fruit with lower stem retention indicate advanced maturity following L-proline application. Both pre- and post-harvest treatments resulted in the recovery of 15N in branches at late dormancy, with %NDP in bark (0.12%), buds (0.15%), and wood (0.02%) of the post-harvest treatment twice as high compared with those from the pre-harvest treatment. This study demonstrates proof of concept of the uptake of L-proline into the leaves of sweet cherry plants and translocation into the fruit and storage organs of the branch.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/FERMENTATION8120687
Abstract: Terroir is an important concept linking sensory attributes to geographically specific environmental conditions. Whilst typically applied to wine, the concept of terroir could be applied to cider. To investigate the influence of the production region on base cider total phenolic content and sensory attributes, ciders were made using ‘Fuji’ apples sourced from three major apple growing regions in Australia. Total Phenolic Content was measured using a spectrophotometry method recently validated for use in cider. A trained panel performed descriptive sensory analysis by scoring the intensity of 12 pre-determined attributes across the ciders. The intensity of sensory attributes were found to vary significantly between regions. For instance, cider made from apples grown in Stanthorpe was scored significantly higher than ciders made from apples sourced from Batlow and Huon Valley for the attribute ‘Alcoholic’. Cider made with apples from Batlow was scored significantly higher for the attribute ‘Yeasty’ compared to cider made using apples from the Huon Valley. Cider made with apples from Stanthorpe had significantly greater total phenolic content, titratable acidity, sugar content and alcohol by volume than the two other locations. These results suggest that terroir can influence apple cider, as ciders were able to be differentiated by sensory analysis based on the geographical region from where the apples were grown.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-08-2019
Abstract: Pre-fermentation methods can influence the cider produced from apple juice. This study analyses the influence of pre-fermentation methods maceration and press fractioning, on the total phenolic content of juice from four apple varieties ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Pink Lady’, ‘Sturmer’, and ‘Bulmer’s Norman’. The must was macerated for 0 or 2 h and juice was collected at free run or under 200 kpa. Base juice characteristics and total phenolic content was analysed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method and spectrophotometric absorbance at 280 nm (A280), a method used for the analysis of white wine. Both methods of analysing the total phenolic content were used, measuring the same s les to determine if the methods are comparable. No interaction was found between pre-fermentation technique and the results varied by variety and analytical method. High pressure improved the phenolic extraction for ‘Bulmer’s Norman’ juice compared to free run juice when analysed by A280. Non-macerated juice had higher total phenolic content than macerated juice for ‘Red Delicious’ and ‘Pink Lady’ juice when analysed using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. There was a moderate positive correlation between the analytical methods.
Publisher: Firenze University Press
Date: 14-11-2022
DOI: 10.36253/AHSC-13824
Abstract: Counter-season supply of horticultural products is of increasing demand. Consumers are demanding annual supply of raspberries, which has historically been challenging due to their seasonal summer supply and characteristically high metabolism resulting in a short shelf life and limited period of availability. However, the development of freezing technologies for increasing the length of storage of raspberries offers an opportunity for continual supply of premium quality raspberries. We investigated berry quality after freezing whole fresh raspberries, comparing conventional freezing methods with a modern cryogenic freezing method over a period of six months. Significant increases in total soluble solids, titratable acidity, hue and chroma were found when raspberries were frozen compared to fresh raspberries. No overall difference in berry quality was observed between freezing methods for any parameter assessed. When assessed at time intervals, total soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity, chroma and hue were consistent between freezing methods for all durations of time frozen. These findings provide decision support for producers and distributors pursuing a novel counter season supply chain.
Publisher: American Society for Enology and Viticulture
Date: 19-11-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-03-2023
DOI: 10.3390/PHYSIOLOGIA3020012
Abstract: This review article is focused on internal flesh browning (IFB)-related physiological disorders affecting apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit. The expression of different physiological and metabolic IFB-related disorders during post-harvest storage are investigated along with the pre-harvest factors contributing to development. The effectiveness of commercially available pre-harvest technologies for preventing IFB-related disorders are also examined. Internal flesh browning-related disorders are erratic and devastating disorders that result in post-harvest deterioration of fruit quality in apples. Internal flesh browning-related disorders can result in severe economic losses to the apple industry through reduced consumer trust and market acceptability of susceptible cultivars. There are several IFB-related disorders and incidence can range from 0 to 100% of a crop, with severity ranging from no brown flesh to browning of the entire fruit flesh. While IFB-related disorders are found in several apple cultivars, some cultivars are more prone than others. The development of IFB-related disorders involve complex mechanisms depending upon the different types and causes, or factors involved in loss of structural integrity and functional stability of the cell membranes and cell components. Membrane disruption followed by enzymatic oxidation of fruit phenolic compounds by polyphenol oxidases and the production of brown polymers is considered to be the general underlying mechanism causing the browning of flesh tissue. It can be observed in different patterns based on the injured portion of the fruit flesh and the cause of membrane disruption. Three broad categories of IFB-related disorders, including chilling injury, internal CO2 injury, and senescent-related browning disorders, are discussed along with their sub-types. The development of IFB-related disorders can be influenced by both pre-harvest factors and post-harvest conditions and their interactions. Although commonly associated with storage, IFB can also be found immediately after harvest and sometimes in unharvested fruit prior to full maturity. As pre-harvest conditions are a strong contributor to IFB-related disorders, the influence of several pre-harvest orchard conditions, including fruit size, crop load, maturity at harvest, cultivar, climatic conditions, seasonal temperatures, growing degree days, and major mineral nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) are reported. Although there are contradictory findings in the studies reported, in general, factors such as larger fruit size, light crop load and delayed harvesting, along with cool temperatures after bloom and warmer temperatures before harvest, increase the risk of IFB-related disorders. In relation to fruit mineral concentrations, high N and low Ca have been associated with increasing IFB, while there is conflicting evidence in relation to the impact of both P and K. This review also examines the effectiveness of commercial pre-harvest technologies such as 1-methylcyclopropene, aminoethoxyvinylglycine and diphenylamine in the prevention of IFB-related disorders, but none of these technologies were found promising due to varied and contradictory results.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 02-06-2021
DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCAB067
Abstract: Mycorrhizal fungi are a critical component of the ecological niche of most plants and can potentially constrain their geographical range. Unlike other types of mycorrhizal fungi, the distributions of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) at large spatial scales are not well understood. Here, we investigate the distribution and ersity of Ceratobasidium OMF in orchids and soils across the Australian continent. We s led 217 Ceratobasidium isolates from 111 orchid species across southern Australia and combined these with 311 Ceratobasidium sequences from GenBank. To estimate the taxonomic ersity of Ceratobasidium associating with orchids, phylogenetic analysis of the ITS sequence locus was undertaken. Sequence data from the continent-wide Australian Microbiome Initiative were used to determine the geographical range of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) detected in orchids, with the distribution and climatic correlates of the two most frequently detected OTUs modelled using MaxEnt. We identified 23 Ceratobasidium OTUs associating with Australian orchids, primarily from the orchid genera Pterostylis, Prasophyllum, Rhizanthella and Sarcochilus. OTUs isolated from orchids were closely related to, but distinct from, known pathogenic fungi. Data from soils and orchids revealed that ten of these OTUs occur on both east and west sides of the continent, while 13 OTUs were recorded at three locations or fewer. MaxEnt models suggested that the distributions of two widespread OTUs are correlated with temperature and soil moisture of the wettest quarter and far exceeded the distributions of their host orchid species. Ceratobasidium OMF with cross-continental distributions are common in Australian soils and frequently have geographical ranges that exceed that of their host orchid species, suggesting these fungi are not limiting the distributions of their host orchids at large spatial scales. Most OTUs were distributed within southern Australia, although several OTUs had distributions extending into central and northern parts of the continent, illustrating their tolerance of an extraordinarily wide range of environmental conditions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S13199-022-00874-9
Abstract: Understanding how nutrient requirements of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF) affect symbiotic germination is essential for the ex situ conservation of threatened orchids and their mycorrhizal symbioses. Yet the influence of isolate-level variation in OMF nutrient preferences on orchid germination is unknown. We tested germination of Prasophyllum frenchii (Orchidaceae) on 15 different media of varying carbon and macronutrient compositions with three Ceratobasidium isolates of the same operational taxonomic unit (OTU) as determined with internal transcribed spacer locus sequencing. There was a significant interaction between media and fungal isolate on percentage germination, with each isolate recording its highest percentage germination on different nutrient media (Isolate 9.3: 5.2 ± 1.4% on MOM–S Isolate 8.2: 5.4 ± 1.1% on MOM + S Isolate 4.3: 2.2 ± 0.5% on 1.25 g/L wheat bran agar). Across all isolates, germination (percentage germination 0) occurred more frequently on wheat bran agar media (39.7% of plates) than on oatmeal agar media (6.0% of plates). There was also an effect of media type on aerial hyphal growth behaviour of the OMF isolate. All isolates supported growth through to adult flowering plants. We demonstrated that symbiotic germination of Prasophyllum is affected by media composition. Further, percentage germination and aerial hyphal growth behaviour differed significantly among OMF isolates of the same OTU. This illustrates that a ersity of functionally significant fungal strains occurs within a single OTU, a previously unknown aspect of OMF research with important ecological and conservation implications.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1071/SR19333
Abstract: The application of nitrate (NO3–) fertiliser is important worldwide in providing nitrogen (N) nutrition to perennial fruit trees. There is little information available on N losses to the environment from commercial cherry orchards, in relation to different timings of NO3– application. The emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) gas is an important greenhouse gas loss from NO3– application, being responsible for 6% of anthropogenic global warming and a catalyst for depletion of stratospheric ozone. In a commercial sweet-cherry orchard in southern Tasmania, we applied 373 g NO3–-N m–2 (equivalent to 90 kg NO3–-N ha–1) either pre- or post-harvest, or equally split between the two, to study the resultant N2O emissions. Emissions averaged 8.37 mg N2O-N m–2 day–1 during the pre-harvest period, primarily driven by a heavy rainfall event, and were significantly greater (P & 0.05) than the average 4.88 × 10–1 mg N2O-N m–2 day–1 from post-harvest NO3– application. Discounting the emissions related to the rainfall event, the resultant average 1.88 mg N2O-N m–2 day–1 for the rest of the pre-harvest emissions remained significantly greater (P & 0.05) than those post-harvest. Ongoing studies will help to build on these results and efforts to minimise N2O emissions in perennial tree cropping systems.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-09-2020
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1086/673370
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2001
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 2022
Publisher: Universidad de Costa Rica
Date: 17-06-2015
DOI: 10.15517/LANK.V7I1-2.19507
Abstract: Effective plant conservation involves careful con- sideration and difficult choices when investing limit- ed resources to conservation programs and policies. The conservation practice must integrate the under- standing of existing and future environmental threats, taxonomic distinctiveness, numbers of in iduals in populations, reproductive biology, ex situ propagation and the maintenance of evolutionary processes influ- encing population distribution patterns.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-05-2022
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 31-05-2021
Abstract: Optimizing the utilization of applied nitrogen (N) in fruit trees requires N supply that is temporally matched to tree demand. We investigated how the timing of N application affected uptake, allocation, and remobilization within 14-year-old “Gala”/M26 apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh) over two seasons. In the 2017–2018 season, 30 g N tree −1 of 5.5 atom% 15 N–calcium nitrate was applied by weekly fertigation in four equal doses, commencing either 4 weeks after full bloom (WAFB) (pre-harvest) or 1-week post-harvest, or fortnightly, ided between pre- and post-harvest (50:50 split). Nitrogen uptake derived from fertilizer (NDF) was monitored by leaf s ling before whole trees were destructively harvested at dormancy of the first season to quantify N uptake and allocation and at fruit harvest of the second season to quantify the remobilization of NDF. The uptake efficiency of applied N fertilizer (NUpE) was significantly higher from pre-harvest (32.0%) than from the other treatments (~17%). The leaf NDF concentration, an indicator of N uptake, increased concomitantly only when pre-harvest N was applied. Pre-harvest treated trees allocated more than half of the NDF into fruit and leaves and stored the same amount of NDF into perennial organs as the post-harvest treatment. Subsequent spring remobilization of NDF was not affected by the timing of N fertigation from the previous season. A seasonal effect of remobilization was observed with a decrease in root N status and a reciprocal increase in branch N status at fruit harvest of season two. These findings represent a shift in the understanding of dynamics of N use in mature deciduous trees and indicate that current fertilizer strategies need to be adjusted from post-harvest to primarily pre-harvest N application to optimize N use efficiency. This approach can provide adequate storage N to support early spring growth the following season with no detriment to fruit quality.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.10869
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.TPLANTS.2009.07.008
Abstract: Orchids, one of the largest families of flowering plants, face an uncertain future through overexploitation, habitat loss and impacts of climate change. With their intricate abiotic and biotic dependencies, orchids typify the plight of global plant resources and, thus, provide ideal model species for ecological tracking and focussing conservation programs. Botanic gardens worldwide have traditionally been major centres of excellence in orchid horticulture, research and conservation as orchids generate wide public and educational appeal. Here, we highlight the role of botanic gardens in areas key to orchid conservation. With pristine habitats under threat globally, the challenge for orchid conservation programs will ultimately depend upon developing ecological restoration technologies, whereby orchids are reinstated into sustainably restored habitats.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/BT08137
Abstract: Many Caladenia species have been reduced to extremely small and/or fragmented populations, and reintroduction/translocation into natural or rehabilitated habitats, by using ex situ propagated plants or via direct seeding, represents an important adjunct in conservation planning. However, Caladenia species are some of the most difficult terrestrial orchid taxa to propagate, in part because of the specificity of the mycorrhizal associations and the need to provide growing conditions that suit both the mycorrhizal fungi and Caladenia plants. The present paper reviews recent advances in Caladenia propagation and reintroduction methods, including in vitro seed germination, transferral from in vitro to nursery environments, ex vitro symbiotic germination (germination in inoculated nursery media), nursery cultivation, the use of nurse plants and reintroduction of Caladenia into natural habitats by using seed, dormant tubers or growing plants. Techniques discussed in the present paper increase the options for future Caladenia conservation programs, especially for those species currently on the brink of extinction.
Start Date: 2012
End Date: 2015
Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2015
Funder: Department of Agriculture
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2013
End Date: 2015
Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2015
End Date: 2019
Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
View Funded ActivityStart Date: 2017
End Date: 2019
Funder: Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment
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