ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7711-7499
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Universidade Nova de Lisboa
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UCD
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2016
Abstract: The use of biomarkers in the objective assessment of dietary intake is a high priority in nutrition research. The aim of this study was to examine pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) as biomarkers of dairy foods intake. The data used in the present study were obtained as part of the Food4me Study. Estimates of C15:0 and C17:0 from dried blood spots and intakes of dairy from a Food Frequency Questionnaire were obtained from participants (n = 1180) across seven countries. Regression analyses were used to explore associations of biomarkers with dairy intake levels and receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to evaluate the fatty acids. Significant positive associations were found between C15:0 and total intakes of high-fat dairy products. C15:0 showed good ability to distinguish between low and high consumers of high-fat dairy products. C15:0 can be used as a biomarker of high-fat dairy intake and of specific high-fat dairy products. Both C15:0 and C17:0 performed poorly for total dairy intake highlighting the need for caution when using these in epidemiological studies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-017-1415-1
Abstract: To report the vitamin D status in adults from seven European countries and to identify behavioural correlates. In total, 1075 eligible adult men and women from Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Greece, UK, Poland and Germany, were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, defined as 25-hydroxy vitamin D The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied considerably among European adults. Dietary intakes of ≥10 μg/day of vitamin D from foods and/or supplements and at least 30 min/day of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA were the minimum thresholds associated with vitamin D sufficiency.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-11-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515004298
Abstract: An efficient and robust method to measure vitamin D (25-hydroxy vitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3 ) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D 2 in dried blood spots (DBS) has been developed and applied in the pan-European multi-centre, internet-based, personalised nutrition intervention study Food4Me. The method includes calibration with blood containing endogenous 25(OH)D 3 , spotted as DBS and corrected for haematocrit content. The methodology was validated following international standards. The performance characteristics did not reach those of the current gold standard liquid chromatography-MS/MS in plasma for all parameters, but were found to be very suitable for status-level determination under field conditions. DBS s le quality was very high, and 3778 measurements of 25(OH)D 3 were obtained from 1465 participants. The study centre and the season within the study centre were very good predictors of 25(OH)D 3 levels ( P ·001 for each case). Seasonal effects were modelled by fitting a sine function with a minimum 25(OH)D 3 level on 20 January and a maximum on 21 July. The seasonal litude varied from centre to centre. The largest difference between winter and summer levels was found in Germany and the smallest in Poland. The model was cross-validated to determine the consistency of the predictions and the performance of the DBS method. The Pearson’s correlation between the measured values and the predicted values was r 0·65, and the sd of their differences was 21·2 nmol/l. This includes the analytical variation and the biological variation within subjects. Overall, DBS obtained by unsupervised s ling of the participants at home was a viable methodology for obtaining vitamin D status information in a large nutritional study.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2016
Abstract: Little is known about diet- and environment-gene interactions on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D concentration. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate (i) predictors of 25(OH)D concentration and relationships with vitamin D genotypes and (ii) whether dietary vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure modified these relationships. Participants from the Food4Me study (n = 1312 age 18-79) were genotyped for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein at baseline and a genetic risk score was calculated. Dried blood spot s les were assayed for 25(OH)D concentration and dietary and lifestyle information collected. Circulating 25(OH)D concentration was lower with increasing genetic risk score, lower in females than males, higher in supplement users than non-users and higher in summer than winter. Carriage of the minor VDR allele was associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration in participants with the least sunlight exposure. Vitamin D genotype did not influence the relationship between vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D concentration. Age, sex, dietary vitamin D intake, country, sunlight exposure, season, and vitamin D genetic risk score were associated with circulating 25(OH)D concentration in a pan-European population. The relationship between VDR genotype and 25(OH)D concentration may be influenced by weekday sunlight exposure but not dietary vitamin D intake.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515004675
Abstract: The interplay between the fat mass- and obesity-associated ( FTO ) gene variants and diet has been implicated in the development of obesity. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate associations between FTO genotype, dietary intakes and anthropometrics among European adults. Participants in the Food4Me randomised controlled trial were genotyped for FTO genotype (rs9939609) and their dietary intakes, and diet quality scores (Healthy Eating Index and PREDIMED-based Mediterranean diet score) were estimated from FFQ. Relationships between FTO genotype, diet and anthropometrics (weight, waist circumference (WC) and BMI) were evaluated at baseline. European adults with the FTO risk genotype had greater WC ( AA v . TT : +1·4 cm P =0·003) and BMI (+0·9 kg/m 2 P =0·001) than in iduals with no risk alleles. Subjects with the lowest fried food consumption and two copies of the FTO risk variant had on average 1·4 kg/m 2 greater BMI ( P trend =0·028) and 3·1 cm greater WC ( P trend =0·045) compared with in iduals with no copies of the risk allele and with the lowest fried food consumption. However, there was no evidence of interactions between FTO genotype and dietary intakes on BMI and WC, and thus further research is required to confirm or refute these findings.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-08-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665115002347
Abstract: Over a decade since the completion of the human genome sequence, the promise of personalised nutrition available to all has yet to become a reality. While the definition was originally very gene-focused, in recent years, a model of personalised nutrition has emerged with the incorporation of dietary, phenotypic and genotypic information at various levels. Developing on from the idea of personalised nutrition, the concept of targeted nutrition has evolved which refers to the delivery of tailored dietary advice at a group level rather than at an in idual level. Central to this concept is metabotyping or metabolic phenotyping, which is the ability to group similar in iduals together based on their metabolic or phenotypic profiles. Applications of the metabotyping concept extend from the nutrition to the medical literature. While there are many ex les of the metabotype approach, there is a dearth in the literature with regard to the development of tailored interventions for groups of in iduals. This review will first explore the effectiveness of personalised nutrition in motivating behaviour change and secondly, examine potential novel ways for the delivery of personalised advice at a population level through a metabotyping approach. Based on recent findings from our work, we will demonstrate a novel strategy for the delivery of tailored dietary advice at a group level using this concept. In general, there is a strong emerging evidence to support the effectiveness of personalised nutrition future work should ascertain if targeted nutrition can motivate behaviour change in a similar manner.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-05-2015
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12290
Abstract: Risk variants of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with increased obesity. However, the evidence for associations between FTO genotype and macronutrient intake has not been reviewed systematically. Our aim was to evaluate the potential associations between FTO genotype and intakes of total energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein. We undertook a systematic literature search in OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane of associations between macronutrient intake and FTO genotype in adults. Beta coefficients and confidence intervals (CIs) were used for per allele comparisons. Random-effect models assessed the pooled effect sizes. We identified 56 eligible studies reporting on 213,173 adults. For each copy of the FTO risk allele, in iduals reported 6.46 kcal day(-1) (95% CI: 10.76, 2.16) lower total energy intake (P = 0.003). Total fat (P = 0.028) and protein (P = 0.006), but not carbohydrate intakes, were higher in those carrying the FTO risk allele. After adjustment for body weight, total energy intakes remained significantly lower in in iduals with the FTO risk genotype (P = 0.028). The FTO risk allele is associated with a lower reported total energy intake and with altered patterns of macronutrient intake. Although significant, these differences are small and further research is needed to determine whether the associations are independent of dietary misreporting.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-05-2003
DOI: 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00526-X
Abstract: In pancreatic beta-cells, glutamate has been proposed to mediate insulin secretion as a glucose-derived factor, although it is also considered for its sole catabolic function. Hence, changes in cellular glutamate levels are a matter of debate. Here, we investigated the effects of glucose and the glutamate precursor glutamine on kinetics of glutamate levels together with insulin secretion in INS-1E beta-cells. Preincubation at low (1 mM) glucose resulted in reduced cellular glutamate levels, which were doubled by exposure to glutamine. In glutamine-deprived cells, 5 mM glucose restored glutamate concentrations. Incubation at 15 mM glucose increased cellular glutamate, along with stimulation of insulin secretion, following both glutamine-free and glutamine-rich preincubations. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of INS-1E cells exposed to 15 mM D-[1-(13)C]glucose revealed glutamate as the major glucose metabolic product. Branched-chain amino acids, such as leucine, reduced cellular glutamate levels at low and intermediate glucose. This study demonstrates that glucose stimulates glutamate generation, whereas branched-chain amino acids promote competitive glutamate expenditure.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 14-10-2015
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.4660
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Little is known about the efficacy of personalized nutrition (PN) interventions for improving consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). The objective was to evaluate the effect of a PN intervention on dietary changes associated with the MedDiet. Participants (n = 1607) were recruited into a 6-mo, Internet-based, PN randomized controlled trial (Food4Me) designed to evaluate the effect of PN on dietary change. Participants were randomly assigned to receive conventional dietary advice [control level 0 (L0)] or PN advice on the basis of current diet [level 1 (L1)], diet and phenotype [level 2 (L2)], or diet, phenotype, and genotype [level 3 (L3)]. Dietary intakes from food-frequency questionnaires at baseline and at 6 mo were converted to a MedDiet score. Linear regression compared participant characteristics between high (>5) and low (≤5) MedDiet scores. Differences in MedDiet scores between treatment arms at month 6 were evaluated by using contrast analyses. At baseline, high MedDiet scorers had a 0.5 lower body mass index (in kg/m(2) P = 0.007) and a 0.03 higher physical activity level (P = 0.003) than did low scorers. MedDiet scores at month 6 were greater in in iduals randomly assigned to receive PN (L1, L2, and L3) than in controls (PN compared with controls: 5.20 ± 0.05 and 5.48 ± 0.07, respectively P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in MedDiet scores at month 6 between PN advice on the basis of L1 compared with L2 and L3. However, differences in MedDiet scores at month 6 were greater in L3 than in L2 (L3 compared with L2: 5.63 ± 0.10 and 5.38 ± 0.10, respectively P = 0.029). Higher MedDiet scores at baseline were associated with healthier lifestyles and lower adiposity. After the intervention, MedDiet scores were greater in in iduals randomly assigned to receive PN than in controls, with the addition of DNA-based dietary advice resulting in the largest differences in MedDiet scores. Although differences were significant, their clinical relevance is modest. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 05-02-2016
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.5198
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 25-04-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0954422416000032
Abstract: Milk protein-derived peptides have been reported to have potential benefits for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, what the active components are and whether intact peptides exert this bioactivity has received little investigation in human subjects. Furthermore, potentially useful bioactive peptides can be limited by low bioavailability. Various peptides have been identified in the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream after milk-protein ingestion, providing valuable insights into their potential bioavailability. However, these studies are currently limited and the structure and sequence of milk peptides exerting bioactivity for glycaemic management has received little investigation in human subjects. The present article reviews the bioavailability of milk protein-derived peptides in human studies to date, and examines the evidence on milk proteins and glycaemic management, including potential mechanisms of action. Areas in need of advancement are identified. Only by establishing the bioavailability of milk protein-derived peptides, the active components and the mechanistic pathways involved can the benefits of milk proteins for the prevention or management of type 2 diabetes be fully realised in future.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01136-5
Abstract: The effect of personalised nutrition advice on discretionary foods intake is unknown. To date, two national classifications for discretionary foods have been derived. This study examined changes in intake of discretionary foods and beverages following a personalised nutrition intervention using these two classifications. Participants were recruited into a 6-month RCT across seven European countries (Food4Me) and were randomised to receive generalised dietary advice (control) or one of three levels of personalised nutrition advice (based on diet [L1], phenotype [L2] and genotype [L3]). Dietary intake was derived from an FFQ. An analysis of covariance was used to determine intervention effects at month 6 between personalised nutrition (overall and by levels) and control on i) percentage energy from discretionary items and ii) percentage contribution of total fat, SFA, total sugars and salt to discretionary intake, defined by Food Standards Scotland (FSS) and Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) classifications. Of the 1607 adults at baseline, n = 1270 (57% female) completed the intervention. Percentage sugars from FSS discretionary items was lower in personalised nutrition vs control (19.0 ± 0.37 vs 21.1 ± 0.65 P = 0.005). Percentage energy (31.2 ± 0.59 vs 32.7 ± 0.59 P = 0.031), percentage total fat (31.5 ± 0.37 vs 33.3 ± 0.65 P = 0.021), SFA (36.0 ± 0.43 vs 37.8 ± 0.75 P = 0.034) and sugars (31.7 ± 0.44 vs 34.7 ± 0.78 P 0.001) from ADG discretionary items were lower in personalised nutrition vs control. There were greater reductions in ADG percentage energy and percentage total fat, SFA and salt for those randomised to L3 vs L2. Compared with generalised dietary advice, personalised nutrition advice achieved greater reductions in discretionary foods intake when the classification included all foods high in fat, added sugars and salt. Future personalised nutrition approaches may be used to target intake of discretionary foods. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139 . Registered 9 February 2012.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-10-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1742-4658.2006.05513.X
Abstract: Prolonged exposure of pancreatic beta cells to the sulfonylureas glibencamide and tolbutamide induces subsequent desensitization to the actions of these drugs. The precise mechanisms underlying this desensitization remain unknown, prompting the present study, which investigated the impact of prolonged sulfonylurea exposure on glucose and energy metabolism using clonal pancreatic BRIN-BD11 beta cells. Following prolonged exposure to tolbutamide, BRIN-BD11 beta cells were incubated in the presence of [U-(13)C]glucose, and isotopomer analysis revealed that there was a change in the ratio of flux through pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12, EC 1.8.1.4). Energy status in intact BRIN-BD11 cells was determined using (31)P-NMR spectroscopy. Exposure to tolbutamide did not alter the nucleotide triphosphate levels. Collectively, data from the present study demonstrate that prolonged exposure of beta cells to tolbutamide results in changes in flux through key enzymes involved in glucose metabolism that, in turn, may impact on glucose-induced insulin secretion.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-12-2019
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-08-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016001932
Abstract: To characterise clusters of in iduals based on adherence to dietary recommendations and to determine whether changes in Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores in response to a personalised nutrition (PN) intervention varied between clusters. Food4Me study participants were clustered according to whether their baseline dietary intakes met European dietary recommendations. Changes in HEI scores between baseline and month 6 were compared between clusters and stratified by whether in iduals received generalised or PN advice. Pan-European, Internet-based, 6-month randomised controlled trial. Adults aged 18–79 years ( n 1480). In iduals in cluster 1 (C1) met all recommended intakes except for red meat, those in cluster 2 (C2) met two recommendations, and those in cluster 3 (C3) and cluster 4 (C4) met one recommendation each. C1 had higher intakes of white fish, beans and lentils and low-fat dairy products and lower percentage energy intake from SFA ( P ·05). C2 consumed less chips and pizza and fried foods than C3 and C4 ( P ·05). C1 were lighter, had lower BMI and waist circumference than C3 and were more physically active than C4 ( P ·05). More in iduals in C4 were smokers and wanted to lose weight than in C1 ( P ·05). In iduals who received PN advice in C4 reported greater improvements in HEI compared with C3 and C1 ( P ·05). The cluster where the fewest recommendations were met (C4) reported greater improvements in HEI following a 6-month trial of PN whereas there was no difference between clusters for those randomised to the Control, non-personalised dietary intervention.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-01-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10010049
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-02-2016
DOI: 10.1002/OBY.21422
Abstract: To examine whether the effect of FTO loci on obesity-related traits could be modified by physical activity (PA) levels in European adults. Of 1,607 Food4Me participants randomized, 1,280 were genotyped for FTO (rs9939609) and had available PA data. PA was measured objectively using accelerometers (TracmorD, Philips), whereas anthropometric measures [BMI and waist circumference (WC)] were self-reported via the Internet. FTO genotype was associated with a higher body weight [β: 1.09 kg per risk allele, (95% CI: 0.14-2.04), P = 0.024], BMI [β: 0.54 kg m(-2) , (0.23-0.83), P < 0.0001], and WC [β: 1.07 cm, (0.24-1.90), P = 0.011]. Moderate-equivalent PA attenuated the effect of FTO on BMI (P[interaction] = 0.020). Among inactive in iduals, FTO increased BMI by 1.06 kg m(-2) per allele (P = 0.024), whereas the increase in BMI was substantially attenuated among active in iduals (0.16 kg m(-2) , P = 0.388). We observed similar effects for WC (P[interaction] = 0.005): the FTO risk allele increased WC by 2.72 cm per allele among inactive in iduals but by only 0.49 cm in active in iduals. PA attenuates the effect of FTO genotype on BMI and WC. This may have important public health implications because genetic susceptibility to obesity in the presence of FTO variants may be reduced by adopting a physically active lifestyle.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-08-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016002020
Abstract: To characterise participants who dropped out of the Food4Me Proof-of-Principle study. The Food4Me study was an Internet-based, 6-month, four-arm, randomised controlled trial. The control group received generalised dietary and lifestyle recommendations, whereas participants randomised to three different levels of personalised nutrition (PN) received advice based on dietary, phenotypic and/or genotypic data, respectively (with either more or less frequent feedback). Seven recruitment sites: UK, Ireland, The Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Poland and Greece. Adults aged 18–79 years ( n 1607). A total of 337 (21 %) participants dropped out during the intervention. At baseline, dropouts had higher BMI (0·5 kg/m 2 P ·001). Attrition did not differ significantly between in iduals receiving generalised dietary guidelines (Control) and those randomised to PN. Participants were more likely to drop out (OR 95 % CI) if they received more frequent feedback (1·81 1·36, 2·41 P ·001), were female (1·38 1·06, 1·78 P =0·015), less than 45 years old (2·57 1·95, 3·39 P ·001) and obese (2·25 1·47, 3·43 P ·001). Attrition was more likely in participants who reported an interest in losing weight (1·53 1·19, 1·97 P ·001) or skipping meals (1·75 1·16, 2·65 P =0·008), and less likely if participants claimed to eat healthily frequently (0·62 0·45, 0·86 P =0·003). Attrition did not differ between participants receiving generalised or PN advice but more frequent feedback was related to attrition for those randomised to PN interventions. Better strategies are required to minimise dropouts among younger and obese in iduals participating in PN interventions and more frequent feedback may be an unnecessary burden.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-06-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665115002086
Abstract: Food records or diaries, dietary recalls and FFQ are methods traditionally used to measure dietary intake however, advancing technologies and growing awareness in personalised health have heightened interest in the application of new technologies to assess dietary intake. Dietary intake data can be used in epidemiology, dietary interventions and in the delivery of personalised nutrition advice. Compared with traditional dietary assessment methods, new technologies have many advantages, including their ability to automatically process data and provide personalised dietary feedback advice. This review examines the new technologies presently under development for the assessment of dietary intakes, and their utilisation and efficacy for personalising dietary advice. New technology-based methods of dietary assessment can broadly be categorised into three key areas: online (web-based) methods, mobile methods and sensor technologies. Several studies have demonstrated that utilising new technologies to provide tailored advice can result in positive dietary changes and have a significant impact on selected nutrient and food group intakes. However, comparison across studies indicates that the magnitude of change is variable and may be influenced by several factors, including the frequency and type of feedback provided. Future work should establish the most effective combinations of these factors in facilitating dietary changes across different population groups.
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 18-02-2005
DOI: 10.1042/CS20040290
Abstract: Specific amino acids are now known to acutely and chronically regulate insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in vivo and in vitro. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which amino acids regulate insulin secretion may identify novel targets for future diabetes therapies. Mitochondrial metabolism is crucial for the coupling of amino acid and glucose recognition to the exocytosis of the insulin granules. This is illustrated by in vitro and in vivo observations discussed in the present review. Mitochondria generate ATP, which is the main coupling factor in insulin secretion however, the subsequent Ca2+ signal in the cytosol is necessary, but not sufficient, for full development of sustained insulin secretion. Hence mitochondria generate ATP and other coupling factors serving as fuel sensors for the control of the exocytotic process. Numerous studies have sought to identify the factors that mediate the lifying pathway over the Ca2+ signal in nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion. Predominantly, these factors are nucleotides (GTP, ATP, cAMP and NADPH), although metabolites have also been proposed, such as long-chain acyl-CoA derivatives and the key amino acid glutamate. This scenario highlights further the importance of the key enzymes or transporters, glutamate dehydrogenase, the aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and the malate/aspartate shuttle, in the control of insulin secretion. Therefore amino acids may play a direct or indirect (via generation of putative messengers of mitochondrial origin) role in insulin secretion.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-12-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-017-0004-Y
Abstract: To identify predictors of obesity in adults and investigate to what extent these predictors are independent of other major confounding factors. Data collected at baseline from 1441 participants from the Food4Me study conducted in seven European countries were included in this study. A food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary intake. Accelerometers were used to assess physical activity levels (PA), whereas participants self-reported their body weight, height and waist circumference via the internet. The main factors associated (p < 0.05) with higher BMI per 1-SD increase in the exposure were age (β:1.11 kg/m These findings are important for public health and suggest that promotion of increased PA, reducing sedentary behaviours and improving the overall quality of dietary patterns are important strategies for addressing the existing obesity epidemic and associated disease burden.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-018-1610-8
Abstract: Milk proteins and/or their hydrolysates have been reported to have beneficial effects for improving postprandial glycaemia. Gastric emptying is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia, yet limited studies have examined the effects of intact milk proteins compared to hydrolysates on gastric emptying. We investigated gastric emptying of a casein hydrolysate compared to intact casein. Nine overweight and obese adults (mean ± SD age: 59.5 ± 6.5 years and BMI 28.4 ± 2.6 kg/m Linear mixed model analysis showed no effect of treatment [F Gastric emptying of a casein hydrolysate compared to intact casein does not differ. Mechanisms other than gastric emptying, for ex le the presence of a bioactive peptide sequence, may contribute to the glycaemic management effects of certain milk protein hydrolysates and warrant further investigation.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 30-06-2016
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.5620
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-10-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114517002069
Abstract: Traditionally, personalised nutrition was delivered at an in idual level. However, the concept of delivering tailored dietary advice at a group level through the identification of metabotypes or groups of metabolically similar in iduals has emerged. Although this approach to personalised nutrition looks promising, further work is needed to examine this concept across a wider population group. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to: (1) identify metabotypes in a European population and (2) develop targeted dietary advice solutions for these metabotypes. Using data from the Food4Me study ( n 1607), k -means cluster analysis revealed the presence of three metabolically distinct clusters based on twenty-seven metabolic markers including cholesterol, in idual fatty acids and carotenoids. Cluster 2 was identified as a metabolically healthy metabotype as these in iduals had the highest Omega-3 Index (6·56 ( sd 1·29) %), carotenoids (2·15 ( sd 0·71) µ m ) and lowest total saturated fat levels. On the basis of its fatty acid profile, cluster 1 was characterised as a metabolically unhealthy cluster. Targeted dietary advice solutions were developed per cluster using a decision tree approach. Testing of the approach was performed by comparison with the personalised dietary advice, delivered by nutritionists to Food4Me study participants ( n 180). Excellent agreement was observed between the targeted and in idualised approaches with an average match of 82 % at the level of delivery of the same dietary message. Future work should ascertain whether this proposed method could be utilised in a healthcare setting, for the rapid and efficient delivery of tailored dietary advice solutions.
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 15-02-2013
DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00652.2012
Abstract: This study was undertaken to investigate physiological adaptation with two endurance-training periods differing in intensity distribution. In a randomized crossover fashion, separated by 4 wk of detraining, 12 male cyclists completed two 6-wk training periods: 1) a polarized model [6.4 (±1.4 SD) h/wk 80%, 0%, and 20% of training time in low-, moderate-, and high-intensity zones, respectively] and 2) a threshold model [7.5 (±2.0 SD) h/wk 57%, 43%, and 0% training-intensity distribution]. Before and after each training period, following 2 days of diet and exercise control, fasted skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained for mitochondrial enzyme activity and monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and 4 expression, and morning first-void urine s les were collected for NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics analysis. Endurance performance (40-km time trial), incremental exercise, peak power output (PPO), and high-intensity exercise capacity (95% maximal work rate to exhaustion) were also assessed. Endurance performance, PPOs, lactate threshold (LT), MCT4, and high-intensity exercise capacity all increased over both training periods. Improvements were greater following polarized rather than threshold for PPO [mean (±SE) change of 8 (±2)% vs. 3 (±1)%, P 0.05], LT [9 (±3)% vs. 2 (±4)%, P 0.05], and high-intensity exercise capacity [85 (±14)% vs. 37 (±14)%, P 0.05]. No changes in mitochondrial enzyme activities or MCT1 were observed following training. A significant multilevel, partial least squares-discriminant analysis model was obtained for the threshold model but not the polarized model in the metabolomics analysis. A polarized training distribution results in greater systemic adaptation over 6 wk in already well-trained cyclists. Markers of muscle metabolic adaptation are largely unchanged, but metabolomics markers suggest different cellular metabolic stress that requires further investigation.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-01-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665116002949
Abstract: It is postulated that knowledge of genotype may be more powerful than other types of personalised information in terms of motivating behaviour change. However, there is also a danger that disclosure of genetic risk may promote a fatalistic attitude and demotivate in iduals. The original concept of personalised nutrition (PN) focused on genotype-based tailored dietary advice however, PN can also be delivered based on assessment of dietary intake and phenotypic measures. Whilst dietitians currently provide PN advice based on diet and phenotype, genotype-based PN advice is not so readily available. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence for genotype-based personalised information on motivating behaviour change, and factors which may affect the impact of genotype-based personalised advice. Recent findings in PN will also be discussed, with respect to a large European study, Food4Me, which investigated the impact of varying levels of PN advice on motivating behaviour change. The researchers reported that PN advice resulted in greater dietary changes compared with general healthy eating advice, but no additional benefit was observed for PN advice based on phenotype and genotype information. Within Food4Me, work from our group revealed that knowledge of MTHFR genotype did not significantly improve intakes of dietary folate. In general, evidence is weak with regard to genotype-based PN advice. For future work, studies should test the impact of PN advice developed on a strong nutrigenetic evidence base, ensure an appropriate study design for the research question asked, and incorporate behaviour change techniques into the intervention.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 28-12-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516004256
Abstract: In idual response to dietary interventions can be highly variable. The phenotypic characteristics of those who will respond positively to personalised dietary advice are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the phenotypic profiles of differential responders to personalised dietary intervention, with a focus on total circulating cholesterol. Subjects from the Food4Me multi-centre study were classified as responders or non-responders to dietary advice on the basis of the change in cholesterol level from baseline to month 6, with lower and upper quartiles defined as responder and non-responder groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between demographic and anthropometric profiles of the groups. Furthermore, with the exception of alcohol, there was no significant difference in reported dietary intake, at baseline. However, there were marked differences in baseline fatty acid profiles. The responder group had significantly higher levels of stearic acid (18 : 0, P =0·034) and lower levels of palmitic acid (16 : 0, P =0·009). Total MUFA ( P =0·016) and total PUFA ( P =0·008) also differed between the groups. In a step-wise logistic regression model, age, baseline total cholesterol, glucose, five fatty acids and alcohol intakes were selected as factors that successfully discriminated responders from non-responders, with sensitivity of 82 % and specificity of 83 %. The successful delivery of personalised dietary advice may depend on our ability to identify phenotypes that are responsive. The results demonstrate the potential use of metabolic profiles in identifying response to an intervention and could play an important role in the development of precision nutrition.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Abstract: Meal pattern analysis can be complex because of the large variability in meal consumption. The use of aggregated, generic meal data may address some of these issues. The objective was to develop a meal coding system and use it to explore meal patterns. Dietary data were used from the National Adult Nutrition Survey (2008-2010), which collected 4-d food diary information from 1500 healthy adults. Self-recorded meal types were listed for each food item. Common food group combinations were identified to generate a number of generic meals for each meal type: breakfast, light meals, main meals, snacks, and beverages. Mean nutritional compositions of the generic meals were determined and substituted into the data set to produce a generic meal data set. Statistical comparisons were performed against the original National Adult Nutrition Survey data. Principal component analysis was carried out by using these generic meals to identify meal patterns. A total of 21,948 in idual meals were reduced to 63 generic meals. Good agreement was seen for nutritional comparisons (original compared with generic data sets mean ± SD), such as fat (75.7 ± 29.4 and 71.7 ± 12.9 g, respectively, P = 0.243) and protein (83.3 ± 26.9 and 80.1 ± 13.4 g, respectively, P = 0.525). Similarly, Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement (<5% outside limits of agreement) for many nutrients, including protein, saturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat. Twelve meal types were identified from the principal component analysis ranging in meal-type inclusion/exclusion, varying in energy-dense meals, and differing in the constituents of the meals. A novel meal coding system was developed dietary intake data were recoded by using generic meal consumption data. Analysis revealed that the generic meal coding system may be appropriate when examining nutrient intakes in the population. Furthermore, such a coding system was shown to be suitable for use in determining meal-based dietary patterns.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Abstract: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (ɛ4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), lified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether ɛ4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN). The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1-2) and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E4-) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3). In iduals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me pan-European PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and ω-3 (n-3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models. Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E4- (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E4-), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean ± SD: E4+, -0.72% ± 0.35% compared with -1.95% ± 0.45%, P = 0.035 E4-, -0.31% ± 0.20% compared with -1.68% ± 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E4- participants (-1.68% ± 0.35% compared with -2.56% ± 0.27%, P = 0.025). The APOE ɛ4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE "risk" and "nonrisk" groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-015-0897-Y
Abstract: Personalised interventions may have greater potential for reducing the global burden of non-communicable diseases and for promoting better health and well-being across the lifespan than the conventional "one size fits all" approach. However, the characteristics of in iduals interested in personalised nutrition (PN) are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of European adults interested in taking part in an internet-based PN study. In iduals from seven European countries (UK, Ireland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Greece and Poland) were invited to participate in the study via the Food4Me website ( www.food4me.org ). Two screening questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic, anthropometric and health-related characteristics as well as dietary intakes. A total of 5662 in iduals expressed an interest in the study (mean age 40 ± 12.7 range 15-87 years). Of these, 65 % were female and 97 % were Caucasian. Overall, 13 % were smokers and 47 % reported the presence of a clinically diagnosed disease. Furthermore, 47 % were overweight or obese and 35 % were sedentary during leisure time. Assessment of dietary intakes showed that 54 % of in iduals reported consuming at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day, 46 % consumed more than 3 servings of wholegrains and 37 % limited their salt intake to <5.75 g per day. Our data indicate that in iduals volunteering to participate in an internet-based PN study are broadly representative of the European adult population, most of whom had adequate nutrient intakes but could benefit from improved dietary choices and greater physical activity. Future use of internet-based PN approaches is thus relevant to a wide target audience.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S13105-017-0560-6
Abstract: Epigenetics has an important role in the regulation of metabolic adaptation to environmental modifications. In this sense, the determination of epigenetic changes in non-invasive s les during the development of metabolic diseases could play an important role in the procedures in primary healthcare practice. To help translate the knowledge of epigenetics to public health practice, the present study aims to explore the parallelism of methylation levels between white blood cells and buccal s les in relation to obesity and associated disorders. Blood and buccal swap s les were collected from a subs le of the Spanish cohort of the Food4Me study. Infinium HumanMethylation450 DNA Analysis was carried out for the determination of methylation levels. Standard deviation for β values method and concordance correlation analysis were used to select those CpG which showed best parallelism between s les. A total of 277 CpGs met the criteria and were selected for an enrichment analysis and a correlation analysis with anthropometrical and clinical parameters. From those selected CpGs, four presented high associations with BMI (cg01055691 in GAP43 r = -0.92 and rho = -0.84 for blood r = -0.89 and rho = -0.83 for buccal s le), HOMA-IR (cg00095677 in ATP2A3 r = 0.82 and rho = -0.84 for blood r = -0.8 and rho = -0.83 for buccal s le) and leptin (cg14464133 in ADARB2 r = -0.9182 and rho = -0.94 for blood r = -0.893 and rho = -0.79 for buccal s le). These findings demonstrate the potential application of non-invasive buccal s les in the identification of surrogate epigenetic biomarkers and identify methylation sites in GAP43, ATP2A3 and ADARB2 genes as potential targets in relation to overweight management and insulin sensibility.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-01-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2017
Abstract: Previous work highlighted the potential of odd-chain length saturated fatty acids as potential markers of dairy intake. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of these biomarkers and their sensitivity to changes in dairy intake. Fatty acid profiles and dietary intakes from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were measured three times over six months in the Food4Me Study. Reproducibility was explored through intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and within-subject coefficients of variation (WCV). Sensitivity to changes in diet was examined using regression analysis. C15:0 blood levels showed high correlation over time (ICC: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.68), however, the ICC for C17:0 was much lower (ICC: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.46). The WCV for C15:0 was 16.6% and that for C17:0 was 14.6%. There were significant associations between changes in intakes of total dairy, high-fat dairy, cheese and butter and C15:0 and change in intakes of high-fat dairy and cream and C17:0. Results provide evidence of reproducibility of C15:0 levels over time and sensitivity to change in intake of high-fat dairy products with results comparable to the well-established biomarker of fish intake (EPA+DHA).
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2015
Abstract: A high intake of n-3 PUFA provides health benefits via changes in the n-6/n-3 ratio in blood. In addition to such dietary PUFAs, variants in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene are also associated with altered PUFA profiles. We used mathematical modeling to predict levels of PUFA in whole blood, based on multiple hypothesis testing and bootstrapped LASSO selected food items, anthropometric and lifestyle factors, and the rs174546 genotypes in FADS1 from 1607 participants (Food4Me Study). The models were developed using data from the first reported time point (training set) and their predictive power was evaluated using data from the last reported time point (test set). Among other food items, fish, pizza, chicken, and cereals were identified as being associated with the PUFA profiles. Using these food items and the rs174546 genotypes as predictors, models explained 26-43% of the variability in PUFA concentrations in the training set and 22-33% in the test set. Selecting food items using multiple hypothesis testing is a valuable contribution to determine predictors, as our models' predictive power is higher compared to analogue studies. As unique feature, we additionally confirmed our models' power based on a test set.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2016
Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.
Date: 15-01-2009
DOI: 10.1042/CS20080138
Abstract: Acute insulin-releasing actions of amino acids have been studied in detail, but comparatively little is known about the β-cell effects of long-term exposure to amino acids. The present study examined the effects of prolonged exposure of β-cells to the metabolizable amino acid L-alanine. Basal insulin release or cellular insulin content were not significantly altered by alanine culture, but acute alanine-induced insulin secretion was suppressed by 74% (P& .001). Acute stimulation of insulin secretion with glucose, KCl or KIC (2-oxoisocaproic acid) following alanine culture was not affected. Acute alanine exposure evoked strong cellular depolarization after control culture, whereas AUC (area under the curve) analysis revealed significant (P& .01) suppression of this action after culture with alanine. Compared with control cells, prior exposure to alanine also markedly decreased (P& .01) the acute elevation of [Ca2+]i (intracellular [Ca2+]) induced by acute alanine exposure. These diminished stimulatory responses were partially restored after 18 h of culture in the absence of alanine, indicating reversible amino-acid-induced desensitization. 13C NMR spectra revealed that alanine culture increased glutamate labelling at position C4 (by 60% P& .01), as a result of an increase in the singlet peak, indicating increased flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase. Consistent with this, protein expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases PDK2 and PDK4 was significantly reduced. This was accompanied by a decrease in cellular ATP (P& .05), consistent with diminished insulin-releasing actions of this amino acid. Collectively, these results illustrate the phenomenon of β-cell desensitization by amino acids, indicating that prolonged exposure to alanine can induce reversible alterations to metabolic flux, Ca2+ handling and insulin secretion.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Lorraine Brennan.