Judy Cashmore

‘Best Interests’ in Care Proceedings: Law, Policy and Practice

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1017/9781316662977.021

Thirty years of the CRC: Child protection progress, challenges and opportunities

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.CHIABU.2020.104436

The Educational Outcomes of Young People 4–5 Years after Leaving Care: An Australian Perspective

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 04-2007

DOI: 10.1177/030857590703100109

Abstract: Judy Cashmore, Marina Paxman and Michelle Townsend focus on the educational and employment pathways and outcomes for young people after leaving care in Australia, based on a longitudinal study of young people ‘ageing’ out of care in New South Wales. Consistent with the findings of other research on the educational performance and attainment of children and young people in care, the young people leaving care in this study were less likely to have completed their secondary schooling than others their age in the general population. Four to five years after leaving care, they were much less likely than their peers to be in full-time work and/or education. Many had a history of part-time and casual work in poorly paid and low-skill jobs, and over half the young women had had children. Those who had completed Year 12, however, were more likely to be employed or studying, and to be faring well across a number of areas compared with those who did not complete Year 12. The more stable and secure they had been in care, the more years of schooling they completed, and the better they were faring 4–5 years after leaving care.

Promoting the participation of children and young people in care

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2002

DOI: 10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00353-8

Abstract: There are particular reasons why it is important for children and young people in care to have some say in the decisions that are made about their lives. The aim of this paper is to outline these and to review the developments and the research concerning the participation of children in care in processes and decisions that affect them. This paper reviews the research literature from the UK, North America, Australia and New Zealand. It explores the perceptions of children and young people in care concerning the extent to which they have been able to participate in decisions that affect them, the reasons they want to do so, and what is required to make it effective. Children and young people in care clearly wish to have some say in the way decisions are made about their lives and generally do not believe that they have adequate appropriate opportunities to do so. Genuine and effective participation depends on several conditions: opportunity and choice in ways to participate, access to relevant information, the availability of a trusted advocate, proper resourcing, and supportive policy and legislation. Feedback from children and young people is also required to indicate whether it is happening.

Parents' and children's views on talking to judges in parenting disputes in Australia

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 06-03-2007

DOI: 10.1093/LAWFAM/EBL022

Predicting after‐care outcomes: the importance of ‘felt’ security

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-07-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2206.2006.00430.X

Sibling networks of children adopted from out-of-home care in New South Wales, Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.CHILDYOUTH.2020.105588

Contact and Adoption Plans for Children Adopted from Out-of-home Care in New South Wales

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 23-06-2019

DOI: 10.1080/0312407X.2019.1579351

Hearing the Voices of Children

Publisher: Routledge

Date: 16-12-2003

DOI: 10.4324/9780203464618

What responsibility do courts have to hear children's voices?

Publisher: Brill

Date: 2007

DOI: 10.1163/092755607X181694

Abstract: No social organization can hope to be built on the rights of its members unless there are mechanisms whereby those members may express themselves and wherein those expressions are taken seriously. Hearing what children say must therefore lie at the roots of any elaboration of children's rights. No society will have begun to perceive its children as rightholders until adults' attitudes and social structures are seriously adjusted towards making it possible for children to express views, and towards addressing them with respect (Eekelaar, 1992, p. 228).

The voice of a child in family law disputes

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Date: 18-12-2008

DOI: 10.1093/ACPROF:OSO/9780199237791.001.0001

Reasons for disputes in high conflict families

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 12-2011

DOI: 10.5172/JFS.2011.17.3.186

MOTHERS' DEVELOPMENTAL TIMETABLES IN TWO CULTURAL GROUPS*

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-02-1984

DOI: 10.1080/00207598408247526

Comparative analysis of third‐party permanency orders legislation in Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-09-2023

DOI: 10.1002/AJS4.237

Relocation and the indissolubility of parenthood

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 28-12-2018

DOI: 10.1080/15379418.2017.1411858

Parent-Child Agreement on Attributional Beliefs

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-1986

DOI: 10.1177/016502548600900204

Abstract: The present study explores the extent to which parents and their adolescent children agree with respect to their attributional beliefs. First-born Australian children of Anglo and Italian background, and their parents, ranked talent, effort and teaching according to their relative importance in the development of six areas of skill art, music, mathematics, sport, writing a story, and science. The patterns of attributions varied across the six areas of skill. It varied even more strongly according to whether the attributions were given by parents or children. Children were more likely than their parents to stress the role of effort parents were more likely than their children to stress the role of talent. Stress on effort was particularly marked among boys of immigrant background. The results were interpreted as providing support for hypotheses concerning the self-enhancing value of particular attributions and the information base used in making judgments.

Children’s Participation in Care and Protection Decision-Making Matters

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 06-2023

DOI: 10.3390/LAWS12030049

Abstract: Laws and policies in different jurisdictions provide a range of mechanisms that allow children involved in child protection processes and care proceedings to express their views when decisions that affect them are being made. Whether these mechanisms facilitate children’s involvement and whether they result in children’s views being heard and “given due weight in accordance with the age and maturity of the child”, as required by article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, is the focus of this article. The law, policy and practice in New South Wales, Australia, are used to provide a contextual illustration of the wider theoretical and practical issues, drawing on international comparisons and research. It is clear there is still some way to go to satisfy the requirements of article 12 in Australia and other jurisdictions. These mechanisms often do not provide the information children need to understand the process, nor do they consistently encourage meaningful participation through trusted advocates who can accurately convey children’s views to those making the decisions. It is generally unclear how children’s views are heard, interpreted, and weighted in decision-making processes. The research findings from a number of countries, however, are clear and consistent that children often feel ‘unheard’ and that they have had few opportunities to say what is important to them. A number of conclusions and practice suggestions are outlined for how the law could better accommodate children’s views.

The characteristics of reports to the police of child sexual abuse and the likelihood of cases proceeding to prosecution after delays in reporting

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.CHIABU.2017.07.006

Abstract: Delays in disclosing and reporting child sexual abuse to the police are common, particularly among males and those who have been abused by clergy and others in a position of trust. This study, commissioned by the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse, examined the patterns of timely and delayed reporting of sexual offences against children, and the likelihood of legal action commencing. De-identified unit record data for all sexual offences against children reported to the police over 20 years were obtained from official crime statistics agencies in two Australian states. While there were similarities between the two states in terms of the influence of public inquiries on reporting numbers over this period, and in the factors associated with delayed reporting, there were substantial differences in the likelihood of legal action being taken in cases reported by a child or adult complainants. In one state, legal action was more likely with increasing delay, until the delays extended to 10-20 years, after which the likelihood of legal action decreased. In the other state, the pattern was quite different - reports of sexual assault were somewhat more likely to result in legal action with immediate reporting. The least likely to proceed were cases involving young children in more recent years long delays into adulthood were not necessarily adverse for prosecution.

Global Pathways to Abolishing Physical Punishment

Publisher: Routledge

Date: 20-12-2010

DOI: 10.4324/9780203839683

The use and abuse of social science research evidence in children's cases

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 08-2014

DOI: 10.1037/LAW0000010

Judicial Conversations With Children in Parenting Disputes: The Views of Australian Judges

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 13-04-2007

DOI: 10.1093/LAWFAM/EBM005

The prosecution of child sexual assault

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-1988

DOI: 10.1177/000486588802100406

Judicial perceptions of child witness competence

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 1996

DOI: 10.1007/BF01499026

Innovative Procedures for Child Witnesses

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1002/9780470713679.CH13

Fourteen-year trends in the criminal justice response to child sexual abuse reports in New South Wales

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 05-06-2020

DOI: 10.1177/1077559519853042

Abstract: This study of attrition compares the prosecution of child sexual offenses reported while the complainant was still a child with those in which the report was delayed into adulthood it also compares matters involving adult and young (under 18 years) suspects/defendants. It is based on an analysis of police and court administrative data in New South Wales, Australia over a 14-year period (2003–2016). Only one in five (21.6%) proceeded beyond the investigation stage. Criminal proceedings were more likely to commence when the alleged victim was 7–12 years old at the time of the incident, when the suspect was an adult and at least 10 years older than the victim, and also when the report to police was made when the victim was an adult. Just over half (55.5%) of the matters finalized in court resulted in a conviction. Cases in the higher courts were less likely to be dismissed and more likely to feature guilty pleas and convictions at trial than cases in the lower courts. The overall estimate is that only 12% of offenses reported to police resulted in a conviction, at a relatively stable rate over 14 years. These findings are consistent with those of comparable studies.

Ethical issues concerning consent in obtaining children's reports on their experience of violence

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.CHIABU.2006.05.004

Children's participation in family law decision-making: Theoretical approaches to understanding children's views

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.CHILDYOUTH.2010.05.008

Overnight stays and children's relationships with resident and nonresident parents after divorce

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 07-11-2008

DOI: 10.1177/0192513X07308042

Abstract: This study focuses on adolescents' overnight contact with their nonresident parents. Sixty young people ages 12 to 19 and their resident parents were interviewed as part of a nationally representative study in Australia. The likelihood of overnight stays was lower when there was conflict and lack of trust between the parents. Adolescents who stayed overnight with their nonresident parents reported greater closeness and better quality relationships with their nonresident parents than did those who had daytime-only contact, an association that remained significant after taking account of the overall frequency of contact and the level of conflict between the parents (as reported by the resident parent and the child). The findings suggest that overnight stays may both reflect and change the nature of the relationship between children and their nonresident parents, with no apparent downside in this regard for the relationship between children and their resident parents.

Outcomes of child-inclusive mediation

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 02-2013

DOI: 10.1093/LAWFAM/EBS017

Influences on Australian Parents' Values

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-1986

DOI: 10.1177/0022002186017004004

Abstract: Parental values concerning -the importance of particular qualities and skills in their children vary with both social class (or socioeconomic status) and ethnic background. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which differences in values between parents of Anglo-Australian and Italian background in Australia are attributable to differences between the groups in socioeconomic status. The extent of the significant differences between the two groups of parents varied across areas and was differentially reduced when several indicators of socioeconomic status were taken into account. In content areas concerned with conformity (for ex le, neatness and obedience), the highly significant ethnic background effect virtually disappeared when mother's and father's educational levels (but not father's occupation) were taken into account. In other content areas, however, the significance of ethnic background was unaffected. These findings highlight the importance of disentangling the two sets of effects and the variability of these effects across content areas and across different measures of socioeconomic status.

Exploring the associations between student participation, wellbeing and recognition at school

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 06-03-2022

DOI: 10.1080/0305764X.2022.2031886

University Of Adelaide

Location: Australia

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Macquarie University

Location: Australia

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The University Of Newcastle

Location: Australia

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University Of Sydney

Location: Australia

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Threshold Decisions In Determining Whether To Prosecute Child Sexual Abuse

Start Date: 2016

End Date: 2019

Funder: Australian Research Council

Families, Law And Social Policy Research Network

Start Date: 2003

End Date: 2003

Funder: Australian Research Council

Fostering Lifelong Connections For Children In Permanent Care

Start Date: 2019

End Date: 2021

Funder: Australian Research Council

Relocation After Parental Separation: A Longitudinal Study

Start Date: 2009

End Date: 2011

Funder: Australian Research Council

Improving Wellbeing Through Student Participation At School

Start Date: 2014

End Date: 2017

Funder: Australian Research Council

Relocation After Parental Separation And The Best Interests Of Children

Start Date: 2006

End Date: 2008

Funder: Australian Research Council

How Are Decisions Made In Children's Court Care Matters And What Are The Outcomes For Children?

Start Date: 2013

End Date: 2015

Funder: Australian Research Council

Children's Involvement In Decision-making About Residence And Contact In Family Law Proceedings

Start Date: 2002

End Date: 2004

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0665676

Start Date: 03-2006

End Date: 03-2009

Amount: $330,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP130104812

Start Date: 06-2013

End Date: 12-2016

Amount: $265,401.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0988712

Start Date: 06-2009

End Date: 12-2012

Amount: $360,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0210133

Start Date: 05-2002

End Date: 12-2005

Amount: $276,369.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0230597

Start Date: 09-2002

End Date: 03-2006

Amount: $67,635.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP140100540

Start Date: 12-2014

End Date: 07-2018

Amount: $320,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP160103688

Start Date: 06-2016

End Date: 12-2022

Amount: $585,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP180101332

Start Date: 2020

End Date: 06-2023

Amount: $612,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354736

Start Date: 2004

End Date: 12-2005

Amount: $30,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council