ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8197-2861
Current Organisations
Universidad de Oviedo
,
Universidad Austral de Chile
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVRES.2017.11.013
Abstract: We integratively assessed the effect of different indoor and outdoor environmental exposures early in life on respiratory and allergic health conditions among children from (sub-) urban areas. This study included children participating in four ongoing European birth cohorts located in three different geographical regions: INMA (Spain), LISAplus (Germany), GINIplus (Germany) and BAMSE (Sweden). Wheezing, bronchitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis throughout childhood were assessed using parental-completed questionnaires. We designed "environmental scores" corresponding to different indoor, green- and grey-related exposures (main analysis, a-priori-approach). Cohort-specific associations between these environmental scores and the respiratory health outcomes were assessed using random-effects meta-analyses. In addition, a factor analysis was performed based on the same exposure information used to develop the environmental scores (confirmatory analysis, data-driven-approach). A higher early exposure to the indoor environmental score increased the risk for wheezing and bronchitis within the first year of life (combined adjusted odds ratio: 1.20 [95% confidence interval: 1.13-1.27] and 1.28 [1.18-1.39], respectively). In contrast, there was an inverse association with allergic rhinitis between 6 and 8 years (0.85 [0.79-0.92]). There were no statistically significant associations for the outdoor related environmental scores in relation to any of the health outcomes tested. The factor analysis conducted confirmed these trends. Although a higher exposure to indoor related exposure through occupants was associated with an increased risk for wheezing and bronchitis within the 1st year, it might serve as a preventive mechanism against later childhood allergic respiratory outcomes in urbanized environments through enhanced shared contact with microbial agents.
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 02-08-2021
DOI: 10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.513.1.2
Abstract: Psammococconeis and Amphicocconeis are recently created diatom genera showing a high morphological plasticity-variability, making particularly difficult identification only based on morphology. The sternum valve (SV) of Amphicocconeis is very similar to that of Cocconeis, whereas its raphe valve (RV) is highly dissimilar between the two genera. The RV in Amphicocconeis has curved terminal raphe fissures and striae composed of macroareolae with more or less complex arrangement, unique to each taxon. The Amphicocconeis valvocopulae are most of the time extended, with pores arranged along rows, or clusters of pores, and are an important taxonomic criterion. Several Amphicocconeis were originally described as Cocconeis and thereafter renamed after accurate examination with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The number of described Amphicocconeis is low, while numerous species probably remain to be described, named or renamed. Several tropical Amphicocconeis from two Polynesian archipelagos are here investigated, from which three are described as new. Psammococconeis is a genus established prior to Amphicocconeis, originally described with simple terminal raphe endings, while their SV has characteristics close to Amphicocconeis. Psammococconeis is here re-defined as an invalid genus, after re-examination of the Brazilian type material of P. brasiliensis M.Garcia (renamed as Amphicocconeis brasilensis comb. nov.), and a new Amphicocconeis is described from this Brazilian material.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-03-2017
DOI: 10.3390/D9010016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2016.10.053
Abstract: The degree to which offspring remain near their parents or disperse widely is critical for understanding population dynamics, evolution, and biogeography, and for designing conservation actions. In the ocean, most estimates suggesting short-distance dispersal are based on direct ecological observations of dispersing in iduals, while indirect evolutionary estimates often suggest substantially greater homogeneity among populations. Reconciling these two approaches and their seemingly competing perspectives on dispersal has been a major challenge. Here we show for the first time that evolutionary and ecological measures of larval dispersal can closely agree by using both to estimate the distribution of dispersal distances. In orange clownfish (Amphiprion percula) populations in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, we found that evolutionary dispersal kernels were 17 km (95% confidence interval: 12-24 km) wide, while an exhaustive set of direct larval dispersal observations suggested kernel widths of 27 km (19-36 km) or 19 km (15-27 km) across two years. The similarity between these two approaches suggests that ecological and evolutionary dispersal kernels can be equivalent, and that the apparent disagreement between direct and indirect measurements can be overcome. Our results suggest that carefully applied evolutionary methods, which are often less expensive, can be broadly relevant for understanding ecological dispersal across the tree of life.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.13484
Abstract: The development of parentage analysis to track the dispersal of juvenile offspring has given us unprecedented insight into the population dynamics of coral reef fishes. These tools now have the potential to inform fisheries management and species conservation, particularly for small fragmented populations under threat from exploitation and disturbance. In this study, we resolve patterns of larval dispersal for a population of the anemonefish Amphiprion melanopus in the Keppel Islands (southern Great Barrier Reef). Habitat loss and fishing appear to have impacted this population and a network of no-take marine reserves currently protects 75% of the potential breeders. Using parentage analysis, we estimate that 21% of recruitment in the island group was generated locally and that breeding adults living in reserves were responsible for 79% (31 of 39) of these of locally produced juveniles. Overall, the network of reserves was fully connected via larval dispersal however, one reserve was identified as a critical source of larvae for the island group. The population in the Keppel Islands also appears to be well-connected to other source populations at least 60 km away, given that 79% (145 of 184) of the juveniles s led remained unassigned in the parentage analysis. We estimated the effective size of the A. melanopus metapopulation to be 745 (582-993 95% CI) and recommend continued monitoring of its genetic status. Maintaining connectivity with populations beyond the Keppel Islands and recovery of local recruitment habitat, potentially through active restoration of host anemone populations, will be important for its long-term persistence.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-09-2022
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.16672
Abstract: Gracilaria chilensis is the main cultivated seaweed in Chile. The low genetic ersity observed in the Chilean populations has been associated with the over‐exploitation of natural beds and/or the founder effect that occurred during post‐glacial colonization from New Zealand. How these processes have affected its evolutionary trajectory before farming and incipient domestication is poorly understood. In this study, we used 2232 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess how the species' evolutionary history in New Zealand (its region of origin), the founder effect linked to transoceanic dispersion and colonization of South America, and the recent over‐exploitation of natural populations have influenced the genetic architecture of G. chilensis in Chile. The contrasting patterns of genetic ersity and structure observed between the two main islands in New Zealand attest to the important effects of Quaternary glacial cycles on G. chilensis . Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses indicated that Chatham Island and South America were colonized independently near the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and emphasized the importance of coastal and oceanic currents during that period. Furthermore, ABC analyses inferred the existence of a recent and strong genetic bottleneck in Chile, matching the period of over‐exploitation of the natural beds during the 1970s, followed by rapid demographic expansion linked to active clonal propagation used in farming. Recurrent genetic bottlenecks strongly eroded the genetic ersity of G. chilensis prior to its cultivation, raising important challenges for the management of genetic resources in this incipiently domesticated species.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-01-2011
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-08-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2018
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-018-22282-0
Abstract: Clownfishes are an excellent model system for investigating the genetic mechanism governing hermaphroditism and socially-controlled sex change in their natural environment because they are broadly distributed and strongly site-attached. Genomic tools, such as genetic linkage maps, allow fine-mapping of loci involved in molecular pathways underlying these reproductive processes. In this study, a high-density genetic map of Amphiprion bicinctus was constructed with 3146 RAD markers in a full-sib family organized in 24 robust linkage groups which correspond to the haploid chromosome number of the species. The length of the map was 4294.71 cM, with an average marker interval of 1.38 cM. The clownfish linkage map showed various levels of conserved synteny and collinearity with the genomes of Asian and European seabass, Nile tilapia and stickleback. The map provided a platform to investigate the genomic position of genes with differential expression during sex change in A. bicinctus . This study aims to bridge the gap of genome-scale information for this iconic group of species to facilitate the study of the main gene regulatory networks governing social sex change and gonadal restructuring in protandrous hermaphrodites.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-10-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S00338-021-02179-7
Abstract: The delineation of species and their evolutionary relationships informs our understanding of biogeography and how regional faunas are assembled. The peripheral geography and local environment of reefs in the subtropical South Pacific likely promotes the allopatric and adaptive ergence of taxa colonising from the tropics however, the fauna of this region has been relatively understudied. Here, we address the taxonomic and evolutionary relationships among Chrysiptera taxa of the subtropical South Pacific. We use meristic counts, morphometrics and genetic markers to characterise the similarities and differences among four taxa restricted to the South Pacific region that have strikingly different colouration: C. notialis, a taxon restricted to eastern Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island C. galba, found in the Cook Islands, southern French Polynesia and Pitcairn Islands and the two disjunct populations of C. rapanui, found in the eastern Pacific around Rapa Nui (Isla de Pascua or Easter Island) and Motu Motiro Hiva (Salas y Gómez) and in the South-western Pacific around Rangitāhua (Kermadec Islands). Our morphometric analysis confirmed that these four taxa, including the two disjunct populations of C. rapanui , are morphologically distinct. However, our genetic analysis revealed that only C. rapanui from Rapa Nui was genetically differentiated, whereas C. rapanui of Rangitāhua, C. galba and C. notialis all shared a common haplotype. Furthermore, none of the taxa could be consistently differentiated based on in idual meristic features. Our study reconciles a formerly perplexing and disjunct distribution for C. rapanui , to reveal that C. rapanui is an endemic of Rapa Nui and that the Chrysiptera of French Polynesia, Rangitāhua, and the South-western Pacific have only a very recent history of ergence. Our analyses suggest these subtropical taxa have erged from a predominantly tropical Chrysiptera genus in morphological features important in determining colonisation success, locomotion and feeding ecology.
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 20-12-2018
DOI: 10.3897/ZOOKEYS.810.28887
Abstract: Rapa Nui, commonly known as Easter Island (Chile), is one of the most isolated tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean. The island location of Rapa Nui makes it the easternmost point of the geographic ranges for many western Pacific fish species that are restricted to the subtropical islands south of 20°S latitude. The blenniid fish species Cirripectesalboapicalis has been thought to have one of the most extensive geographic distribution ranges among these southern subtropical fish species, extending from the southern Great Barrier Reef to Rapa Nui. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the taxonomic status of the species. The results provide genetic evidence that suggests that this formerly South Pacific-wide species comprises at least three cryptic species with allopatric geographic distributions. The analyses reveal the geographic distributions of these clades and their genetic relationships with each other, and with other species within the genus Cirripectes . The processes that culminated in the current geographic distribution of this species complex and the zoogeographic implications of this finding for the South Pacific region are discussed.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-03-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-12-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.1511
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 16-02-2011
Abstract: Direct estimates of larval retention and connectivity are essential to understand the structure and dynamics of marine metapopulations, and optimize the size and spacing of reserves within networks of marine-protected areas (MPAs). For coral reef fishes, while there are some empirical estimates of self-recruitment at isolated populations, exchange among sub-populations has been rarely quantified. Here, we used microsatellite DNA markers and a likelihood-based parentage analysis to assess the relative magnitude of self-recruitment and exchange among eight geographically distinct sub-populations of the panda clownfish Amphiprion polymnus along 30 km of coastline near Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. In addition, we used an assignment/exclusion test to identify immigrants arriving from genetically distinct sources. Overall, 82 per cent of the juveniles were immigrants while 18 per cent were progeny of parents genotyped in our focal metapopulation. Of the immigrants, only 6 per cent were likely to be genetically distinct from the focal metapopulation, suggesting most of the connectivity is among sub-populations from a rather homogeneous genetic pool. Of the 18 per cent that were progeny of known adults, two-thirds dispersed among the eight sub-populations and only one-third settled back into natal sub-populations. Comparison of our data with previous studies suggested that variation in dispersal distances is likely to be influenced by the geographical setting and spacing of sub-populations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/EVA.13450
Abstract: Many coral reef fishes display remarkable genetic and phenotypic variation across their geographic ranges. Understanding how historical and contemporary processes have shaped these patterns remains a focal question in evolutionary biology since they reveal how ersity is generated and how it may respond to future environmental change. Here, we compare the population genomics and demographic histories of a commercially and ecologically important coral reef fish, the common coral grouper ( Plectropomus leopardus [Lacépède 1802]), across two adjoining regions (the Great Barrier Reef GBR, and the Coral Sea, Australia) spanning approximately 14 degrees of latitude and 9 degrees of longitude. We analysed 4548 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers across 11 sites and show that genetic connectivity between regions is low, despite their relative proximity (~100 km) and an absence of any obvious geographic barrier. Inferred demographic histories using 10,479 markers suggest that the Coral Sea population was founded by a small number of GBR in iduals and that ergence occurred ~190 kya under a model of isolation with asymmetric migration. We detected population expansions in both regions, but estimates of contemporary effective population sizes were approximately 50% smaller in Coral Sea sites, which also had lower genetic ersity. Our results suggest that P. leopardus in the Coral Sea have experienced a long period of isolation that precedes the recent glacial period (~10–120 kya) and may be vulnerable to localized disturbances due to their relative reliance on local larval replenishment. While it is difficult to determine the underlying events that led to the ergence of the Coral Sea and GBR lineages, we show that even geographically proximate populations of a widely dispersed coral reef fish can have vastly different evolutionary histories.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.12649
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-11-2023
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.14540
Abstract: Several marine biogeographical provinces meet at the Arabian Peninsula. Where and how these junctions affect species is poorly understood. We herein aimed to identify the barriers to dispersal and how these shape fish populations, leading to differing biogeographies despite shared habitat and co‐ancestry. Dascyllus marginatus (endemic) and Dascyllus abudafur (widespread) . Coral reefs from the Red Sea (RS), Djibouti, Yemen, Oman, and Madagascar. We tested potential barriers to gene flow using RADseq‐derived SNPs and identified whether population genetic differences on each side of these barriers were neutral or selective to relate this to the biogeography of the species. Seven locations (ranging over 5100 km) were s led for the endemic and six (ranging over 7400 km) for the widespread species, taking 20 in iduals per location, with two exceptions. Dascyllus marginatus populations (comprising 5648 SNPs) had an order of magnitude higher genetic differentiation compared to D. abudafur (comprising 10,667 SNPs), as well as several outlier loci that were absent in D. abudafur despite equal s ling locations. In both species, the RS and Djibouti specimens formed one genetic cluster separated from all other locations. Although ranging from the RS to Madagascar, D. abudafur was absent in Yemen and Oman. Stronger genetic structure at smaller geographical scales and outlier loci in the endemic species seem associated with faster adaptation to environmental differences and selective pressure. Genetic differentiation in the widespread species is neutral and only occurs at large geographical distances. Restrictive transitions (between the Gulf of Aqaba and the RS or the RS and the Gulf of Aden) do not hinder gene flow in either species, and the environmental shift within the RS (at 22°N/20°N) only affected the endemic species. The genetic break in the Gulf of Aden likely reflects historical colonization processes and not contemporary environmental regimes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.13775
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.14227
Abstract: Accurate characterization of evolutionary units (species or populations) underlies all ecological and evolutionary studies and is crucial to conservation planning. Seascapes have long been thought to be highly permeable to gene flow, yet over the last decade building evidence has shown that barriers to gene flow in marine environments are much more common than previously thought. Here, we precisely characterize two barriers to gene flow in the tunicate Pyura chilensi s across 26° of latitude in the southeastern Pacific, assess their magnitude and explore their congruence with current biogeographical patterns of this region. The southeastern Pacific (SEP), from Ilo, Perú (17°S) to Chiloé, Chile (43°S). Pyura chilensis . We used a combination of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and a 540 bp fragment of the Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) to compare in iduals s led at 26 localities spanning approximately 2500 km of the SEP. Genetic ersity was analysed using Bayesian clustering, haplotype networks, Isolation by Distance and cline models. A Coalescent simulator was used to estimate migration rates. The results from both the microsatellite and COI markers indicate the presence of two genetic discontinuities: one at 34°S and one at 39°S which coincide with genetic breaks reported for other species. Interestingly, we were able to determine that genetic transitions occur abruptly and within short geographical distances (~30 km) compared with previous studies of this tunicate. Coalescent simulations indicate the 34°S break is less permeable than the 39°S break, and gene flow appears to be mostly from north to south. Our results support other studies that show that seascapes are complex, and also highlight the importance of accurately s ling distribution ranges when making conclusions about gene flow. Overall, the two main biogeographical barriers to gene flow characterized in the southeastern Pacific are not homogeneously permeable and can be narrow ( km). These results are relevant for the management of fisheries in this region and specifically for this commercially important species.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-02-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JBI.13531
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.13471
Abstract: Understanding the processes that shape patterns of genetic structure across space is a central aim of landscape genetics. However, it remains unclear how geographical features and environmental variables shape gene flow, particularly for marine species in large complex seascapes. Here, we evaluated the genomic composition of the two-band anemonefish Amphiprion bicinctus across its entire geographical range in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, as well as its close relative, Amphiprion omanensis endemic to the southern coast of Oman. Both the Red Sea and the Arabian Sea are complex and environmentally heterogeneous marine systems that provide an ideal scenario to address these questions. Our findings confirm the presence of two genetic clusters previously reported for A. bicinctus in the Red Sea. Genetic structure analyses suggest a complex seascape configuration, with evidence of both isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by environment (IBE). In addition to IBD and IBE, genetic structure among sites was best explained when two barriers to gene flow were also accounted for. One of these coincides with a strong oligotrophic-eutrophic gradient at around 16-20˚N in the Red Sea. The other agrees with a historical bathymetric barrier at the straight of Bab al Mandab. Finally, these data support the presence of interspecific hybrids at an intermediate suture zone at Socotra and indicate complex patterns of genomic admixture in the Gulf of Aden with evidence of introgression between species. Our findings highlight the power of recent genomic approaches to resolve subtle patterns of gene flow in marine seascapes.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-02-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.22.432327
Abstract: The blenniids of the genus Scartichthys are one of the most common fishes of Central and South American Pacific coastal reefs. This being said, Scartichthys spp. remain difficult to identify in the field, and identification is particularly challenging across the ca. 6000 km where three of the four currently accepted species are known to occur in sympatry. A reason for this is that the main taxonomic characters from traditional taxonomy are indeed elusive. Additionally, At the same time, species can display multiple colour patterns in the field, depending on their ontogenetic stage, habitat association, and reproductive behaviour. Overall, molecular characterization is warranted to help address these issues. Here, we have used a novel approach to revise the genus by combining colouration, morphological, and molecular data of representative specimens of the four currently valid species and seven described colour patterns. From this, we show that only three of the four species should be considered as valid Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876), S. variolatus (Valenciennes, 1836), and S. viridis (Valenciennes, 1836) while S. crapulatus Williams 1990 should be synonymized with S. viridis . In the same way, our analyses show that one of the colour patterns attributed so far only to S. gigas is characteristic of the juvenile stages of S. viridis . Our time-calibrated phylogeny shows that this genus is relatively young and that the estimated time of ergence between Scartichthys gigas and S. viridis is around 1.71 Ma. In comparison, the Desventuradas and Juan Fernandez Islands endemic S. variolatus erged about 1.95 Ma. Our results help to clarify the taxonomy of Scartichthys. The blenniids of the genus Scartichthys are one of the most common fishes of Central and South American Pacific coastal reefs. Here we provide an updated phylogeny of this genus, comparing for the first time morphological, coloration, and molecular data in combination to resolve a 30-year-old discord among ecologists and taxonomists and discuss the potential underlying evolutionary processes that led to their presentday distribution.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2017
Abstract: Larval dispersal is a critical yet enigmatic process in the persistence and productivity of marine metapopulations. Empirical data on larval dispersal remain scarce, hindering the use of spatial management tools in efforts to sustain ocean bio ersity and fisheries. Here we document dispersal among subpopulations of clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and butterflyfish (Chaetodon vagabundus) from eight sites across a large seascape (10,000 km
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-04-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-01-2014
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.12623
Abstract: The relatively recent fields of terrestrial landscape and marine seascape genetics seek to identify the influence of biophysical habitat features on the spatial genetic structure of populations or in iduals. Over the last few years, there has been accumulating evidence for the effect of environmental heterogeneity on patterns of gene flow and connectivity in marine systems. Here, we investigate the population genetic patterns of an anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus, along the Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea. We collected nearly one thousand s les from 19 locations, spanning approximately 1500 km, and genotyped them at 38 microsatellite loci. Patterns of gene flow appeared to follow a stepping-stone model along the northern and central Red Sea, which was disrupted by a distinct genetic break at a latitude of approximately 19°N. The Red Sea is characterized by pronounced environmental gradients along its axis, roughly separating the northern and central from the southern basin. Using mean chlorophyll-a concentrations as a proxy for this gradient, we ran tests of isolation by distance (IBD, R(2) = 0.52) and isolation by environment (IBE, R(2) = 0.64), as well as combined models using partial Mantel tests and multiple matrix regression with randomization (MMRR). We found that genetic structure across our s ling sites may be best explained by a combined model of IBD and IBE (Mantel: R(2) = 0.71, MMRR: R(2) = 0.86). Our results highlight the potential key role of environmental patchiness in shaping patterns of gene flow in species with pelagic larval dispersal. We support growing calls for the integration of biophysical habitat characteristics into future studies of population genetic structure.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-04-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2019
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.5526
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2022.107405
Abstract: Three orders represent the South American fauna of marsupials. Of these, Microbiotheria was until recently known as a monotypic genus with the only surviving species Dromiciops gliroides (monito del monte). The recent proposal of a new Dromiciops species (Dromiciops bozinovici), together with new information on the origin and ersification of living microbioterians has changed the prevailing paradigm around the evolutionary history of these emblematic marsupials. Here, we used a RADseq approach to test for evidence of admixture and past or current gene flow among both species of Dromiciops and evaluate the genetic structure within D. gliroides. We analyzed 127 s les of Dromiciops distributed across the known distribution range of both species. We also inferred the joint demographic history of these lineages, thus corroborating the status of D. bozinovici as a distinct species. Demographic history reconstruction indicated that D. bozinovici erged from D. gliroides around 4my ago and has remained isolated and demographically stable ever since. In contrast, D. gliroides is sub ided into three subclades that experienced recent expansions and moderate gene flow among them (mostly from north to south). Furthermore, genetic distances among populations within D. gliroides were significantly correlated with geographic distances. These results suggest that some of the D. gliroides populations would have survived in glacial refuges, with posterior expansions after ice retreat. Our results have important implications for the systematics of the genus and have profound conservation consequences for the new species, especially considering the fragmentation level of the temperate rainforest.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 20-07-2019
DOI: 10.1101/709253
Abstract: Saccharomyces eubayanus represents missing cryotolerant ancestor of lager yeast hybrid and can be found in Patagonia in association with Nothofagus forests. The limited number of isolates and associated genomes available has prevented to resolve the S. eubayanus origin and evolution. Here, we present a s ling effort at an unprecedented scale and report the isolation of 160 strains from ten s ling sites along 2,000 km distance in South America. We sequenced the genome of 82 strains and, together with other 25 available genomes, performed comprehensive phylogenetic analysis. Our results revealed the presence of three main Patagonia-B lineages together with dozens of admixed strains distributed in three mosaic clusters. The PB-1 lineage isolated from Tierra del Fuego exhibited the highest genetic ersity, lowest LD blocks and highest F is values compared to the other lineages, suggesting a successful adaptation to cold temperatures in extreme environments and greater inbreeding rates in Tierra del Fuego. Differences between lineages and strains were found in terms of aneuploidy and pangenome content, evidencing a lateral gene transfer event in PB-2 strains from an unknown donor species. Overall, the Patagonian lineages, particularly southern populations, showed a greater global genetic ersity compared to Holarctic and Chinese lineages, supporting the scenario of a S. eubayanus colonization from Patagonia and then spread towards northern and western regions, including the Holarctic (North America and China) and New Zealand. Interestingly, fermentative capacity and maltose consumption resulted negatively correlated with latitude, indicating a better fermentative performance in norther populations. Our genome analysis together with previous reports in the sister species S. uvarum strongly suggests that the S. eubayanus ancestor could have originated in Patagonia or the Southern Hemisphere, rather than China, yet further studies are needed to resolve this conflicting scenario. Understanding S. eubayanus evolutionary history is crucial to resolve the unknown origin of the lager yeast and might open new avenues for biotechnological applications.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-07-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.6533
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 17-06-2019
DOI: 10.1101/672774
Abstract: Elucidating demographic history during the settlement of ecological communities is crucial for properly inferring the mechanisms that shape patterns of species ersity and their persistence through time. Here, we used genomic data and coalescent-based approaches to elucidate for the first time the demographic dynamics associated with the settlement by endemic reef fish fauna of one of the most remote peripheral islands of the Pacific Ocean, Rapa Nui (Easter Island). We compared the demographic history of nine endemic species in order to explore their demographic responses to Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. We found that Rapa Nui endemic species share a common demographic history as signatures of population expansions were retrieved for almost all of the species studied here, and synchronous demographic expansions initiated during the last glacial period were recovered for more than half of the studied species. These results suggest that eustatic fluctuations associated with Milankovitch cycles have played a central role in species demographic histories and in the final stage of the community assembly of many Rapa Nui reef fishes. Specifically, sea level low stands resulted in the maximum reef habitat extension for Rapa Nui endemic species we discuss the potential role of seamounts in allowing endemic species to cope with Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, and we highlight the importance of local historical processes over regional ones. Overall, our results shed light on the mechanisms by which endemism arises and is maintained in peripheral reef fish fauna.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.7683
Abstract: The genetic ersity of populations is the basis for in idual fitness and potential adaptability to environmental changes. The South American fur seal ( Arctocephalus australis ) is a pinniped species that is widely distributed along the southern cone of South America. However, two distinct populations have evolved: the Northern Pacific/Peruvian population and the Southern Pacific/Atlantic population. One of the main breeding colonies of the Southern Pacific/Atlantic population is located on Guafo Island, in southern Chilean Patagonia. This breeding colony represents the closest reproductive population to the remote Peruvian group. Therefore, our study aimed to determine whether the Guafo colony may potentially facilitate gene flow, contribute new alleles, and increase genetic variability of the Peruvian populations, thereby linking the Northern and Southern Pacific populations for the species. In this study, species‐specific microsatellite markers were developed to genetically characterize Guafo Island's South American fur seal population. Our results confirm that the Guafo colony is a panmictic population with evidence of lack of genetic structure. Further, our results indicate that most in iduals are unrelated and that half‐siblings are rare, suggesting that polygyny in this species is less frequent than previously thought. Finally, based on the identification of multiple pairs of full siblings, we also present the first genetic evidence of twins in South American fur seals. These attributes suggest that the Guafo colony is a large, panmictic population, which could act as a potential genetic reservoir, and ultimately assist in linking two genetically distinct populations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.8492
Abstract: The whale shark Rhincodon typus is found throughout the world's tropical and warm‐temperate ocean basins. Despite their broad physical distribution, research on the species has been concentrated at a few aggregation sites. Comparing DNA sequences from sharks at different sites can provide a demographically neutral understanding of the whale shark's global ecology. Here, we created genetic profiles for 84 whale sharks from the Saudi Arabian Red Sea and 72 in iduals from the coast of Tanzania using a combination of microsatellite and mitochondrial sequences. These two sites, separated by approximately 4500 km (shortest over‐water distance), exhibit markedly different population demographics and behavioral ecologies. Eleven microsatellite DNA markers revealed that the two aggregation sites have similar levels of allelic richness and appear to be derived from the same source population. We sequenced the mitochondrial control region to produce multiple global haplotype networks (based on different alignment methodologies) that were broadly similar to each other in terms of population structure but suggested different demographic histories. Data from both microsatellite and mitochondrial markers demonstrated the stability of genetic ersity within the Saudi Arabian aggregation site throughout the s ling period. These results contrast previously measured declines in ersity at Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia. Mapping the geographic distribution of whale shark lineages provides insight into the species’ connectivity and can be used to direct management efforts at both local and global scales. Similarly, understanding historical fluctuations in whale shark abundance provides a baseline by which to assess current trends. Continued development of new sequencing methods and the incorporation of genomic data could lead to considerable advances in the scientific understanding of whale shark population ecology and corresponding improvements to conservation policy.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2020
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.6199
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-01-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-10-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-04-2022
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 17-02-2021
DOI: 10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.484.2.1
Abstract: The genus Cocconeis is highly erse and composed of several groups with distinctive morphologies. Several Cocconeis, characterized by complex areola occlusions, are here grouped under the new section Loculatae. The complex loculate areolae are either present on both valves, or most often only on the sternum valve (SV). Among the Loculatae taxa, some were described as varieties of Cocconeis scutellum, whereas others were assigned species rank. Critical SEM examination is required to correctly discriminate members of this section. Cocconeis tsara sp. nov. and C. santandrea sp. nov. are marine tropical benthic diatoms with loculate areolae justifying their membership to the proposed section. Based on ultrastructure, a cladistic analysis is performed to determine the relationships between these taxa. A traditional dichotomous tree based on the most particular features encountered on this group is constructed to aid in species determination. Several of the Loculatae taxa are epiphytic, one was observed as epizoic. The necessity of high resolution SEM to discern details of the SV areola occlusions and the raphe valve valvocopula (RVVC), and the nomenclatural descriptive terms used by authors, are discussed to better compare recent and historical descriptions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.14279
Abstract: Coral reefs are highly erse ecosystems, where numerous closely related species often coexist. How new species arise and are maintained in these high geneflow environments have been long-standing conundrums. Hybridization and patterns of introgression between sympatric species provide a unique insight into the mechanisms of speciation and the maintenance of species boundaries. In this study, we investigate the extent of hybridization between two closely related species of coral reef fish: the common coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) and the bar-cheek coral trout (Plectropomus maculatus). Using a complementary set of 25 microsatellite loci, we distinguish pure genotype classes from first- and later-generation hybrids, identifying 124 interspecific hybrids from a collection of 2,991 coral trout s led in inshore and mid-shelf reefs of the southern Great Barrier Reef. Hybrids were ubiquitous among reefs, fertile and spanned multiple generations suggesting both ecological and evolutionary processes are acting to maintain species barriers. We elaborate on these finding to investigate the extent of genomic introgression and admixture from 2,271 SNP loci recovered from a ddRAD library of pure and hybrid in iduals. An analysis of genomic clines on recovered loci indicates that 261 SNP loci deviate from a model of neutral introgression, of which 132 indicate a pattern of introgression consistent with selection favouring both hybrid and parental genotypes. Our findings indicate genome-wide, bidirectional introgression between two sympatric species of coral reef fishes and provide further support to a growing body of evidence for the role of hybridization in the evolution of coral reef fishes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2022
DOI: 10.1002/EDN3.200
Abstract: Monitoring plans using environmental DNA have the potential to offer a standardized and cost‐efficient method to survey bio ersity in aquatic ecosystems. Among these ecosystems, coastal wetlands are key elements that serve as transition zones between marine and freshwater ecosystems and are today the target of many conservation and restoration efforts. In this sense, eDNA monitoring could provide a rapid and efficient tool for studying and generating baseline bio ersity information to guide coastal wetland management programs. Here, we test an eDNA metabarcoding assay as a tool to characterize vertebrate bio ersity in one of the largest coastal wetlands of Chile, the Rio Cruces Wetland, a Ramsar designated site since 1981. We s led surface water from 49 sites along the entire wetland. Our eDNA approach detected 91genera of vertebrates including hibians, fishes, mammals, and birds, as well as identified several cryptic, exotic, and endangered species. Our results also indicated that the spatial distribution of eDNA from different species is spatially structured despite the complex hydrodynamics inherent in this wetland due to the influence of daily tidal regimes. For hibians and fishes, the number of taxa detected with eDNA was higher in the periphery of the wetland, and increased with proximity to the ocean, a pattern consistent with small‐scale spatial sensitivity for some species and eDNA accumulation downstream for others. Birds and mammals showed somewhat more idiosyncratic distributions. Taken together, our results add to the growing body of evidence showing eDNA can serve as a rapid cost‐effective tool to characterize vertebrate communities in protected coastal wetlands, where visual surveys are difficult and animal collections are often prohibited. The use of multiple primer sets is also recommended as it facilitates the detection of ephemeral terrestrial organisms and resident aquatic organisms that make use of these wetlands.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 22-11-2015
Abstract: Determining the conditions under which populations may persist requires accurate estimates of demographic parameters, including immigration, local reproductive success, and mortality rates. In marine populations, empirical estimates of these parameters are rare, due at least in part to the pelagic dispersal stage common to most marine organisms. Here, we evaluate population persistence and turnover for a population of orange clownfish, Amphiprion percula , at Kimbe Island in Papua New Guinea. All fish in the population were s led and genotyped on five occasions at 2-year intervals spanning eight years. The genetic data enabled estimates of reproductive success retained in the same population (reproductive success to self-recruitment), reproductive success exported to other subpopulations (reproductive success to local connectivity), and immigration and mortality rates of sub-adults and adults. Approximately 50% of the recruits were assigned to parents from the Kimbe Island population and this was stable through the s ling period. Stability in the proportion of local and immigrant settlers is likely due to: low annual mortality rates and stable egg production rates, and the short larval stages and sensory capacities of reef fish larvae. Biannual mortality rates ranged from 0.09 to 0.55 and varied significantly spatially. We used these data to parametrize a model that estimated the probability of the Kimbe Island population persisting in the absence of immigration. The Kimbe Island population was found to persist without significant immigration. Model results suggest the island population persists because the largest of the subpopulations are maintained due to having low mortality and high self-recruitment rates. Our results enable managers to appropriately target and scale actions to maximize persistence likelihood as disturbance frequencies increase.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 13-12-2012
DOI: 10.1159/000343018
Abstract: Long-term birth cohort studies are essential to understanding the life course and childhood predictors of allergy and the complex interplay between genes and the environment (including lifestyle and socioeconomic determinants). Over 100 cohorts focusing on asthma and allergy have been initiated in the world over the past 30 years. Since 2004, several research initiatives funded under the EU Framework Program for Research and Technological Development FP6-FP7 have attempted to identify, compare, and evaluate pooling data from existing European birth cohorts (GA sup /sup LEN: Global Allergy and European Network, FP6 ENRIECO: Environmental Health Risks in European Birth Cohorts, FP7 CHICOS: Developing a Child Cohort Research Strategy for Europe, FP7 MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy, FP7). However, there is a general lack of knowledge about these initiatives and their potentials. The aim of this paper is to review current and past EU-funded projects in order to make a summary of their goals and achievements and to suggest future research needs of these European birth cohort networks.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.15927
Publisher: Uniwersytet Gdanski
Date: 24-08-2011
DOI: 10.2478/S13545-011-0033-4
Abstract: Indian Ocean coral reef environments off Mascarenes (Réunion and Rodrigues Islands), Comores archipelago (Mayotte) and Eparses atolls (Europa, Glorieuses, Juan de Nova and Tromelin), were s led in 2007 and 2009 for environmental parameters and benthic diatoms studies. This preliminary note documents the nutrient concentrations [NO3−, NO2−, PO4− and Si(OH)4] of coastal waters in erse sites and examines the possible relationship between nutrient concentration and anthropogenic pressure. The pool of data is restricted, but the marine coastal environments of Réunion, Rodrigues and Mayotte exhibit, on average, higher levels of nutrient concentration, as compared to Eparses atolls, probably in relation to the degree of urbanisation. A project based on the study of benthic diatom assemblages will offer the opportunity to search for possible anthropogenic signatures.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2015
DOI: 10.1890/14-1305.1
Abstract: Three indices of larval retention have been used in the literature to assess the tendency for self-maintenance of local marine populations: local retention (LR), self-recruitment (SR), and relative local retention (RLR). Only one of these, LR, defined as the ratio of locally produced settlement to local egg production, has a clear relationship to self-persistence of in idual sites. However, SR, the ratio of locally produced settlement to settlement of all origins at a site, is generally easier to measure experimentally. We use theoretical, simulation, and empirical approaches to bridge the gap between these different indices, and demonstrate that there is a proportional relationship between SR and LR, for metapopulations close to a stable state and with lifetime egg production (LEP) approximately uniform over space. Similarly, for systems where larval mortality rates are a relatively uniform function of release site, RLR (defined as the ratio of locally produced settlement to all settlement of local origin) and LR will also be proportional. Therefore, SR and RLR provide information on relative rates of LR for systems satisfying these conditions. Furthermore, the ratio between LR and SR can be used to evaluate global persistence of metapopulations, and therefore provides valuable information not necessarily available if only LR is considered.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2021
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.15805
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-08-2016
Abstract: Butterflyfish are among the most iconic of the coral reef fishes and represent a model system to study general questions of biogeography, evolution and population genetics. We assembled and annotated the genome sequence of the blacktail butterflyfish (Chaetodon austriacus), an Arabian region endemic species that is reliant on coral reefs for food and shelter. Using available bony fish (superclass Osteichthyes) genomes as a reference, a total of 28 926 high-quality protein-coding genes were predicted from 13 967 assembled scaffolds. The quality and completeness of the draft genome of C. austriacus suggest that it has the potential to serve as a resource for studies on the co-evolution of reef fish adaptations to the unique Red Sea environment, as well as a comparison of gene sequences between closely related congeneric species of butterflyfish distributed more broadly across the tropical Indo-Pacific.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-04-2017
Abstract: Data from a large-scale restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) study of nine butterflyfish species in the Red Sea and Arabian Sea provided a means to test the utility of a recently published draft genome (Chaetodon austriacus) and assess apparent bias in this method of isolating nuclear loci. We here processed double-digest restriction site-associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing data to identify single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and their associated function with and without our reference genome to see whether it improves the quality of RAD-Seq. Our analyses indicate (i) a modest gap between the number of nonannotated versus annotated SNPs across all species, (ii) an advantage of using genomic resources for closely related but not distantly related butterflyfish species based on the ability to assign putative gene function to SNPs and (iii) an enrichment of genes among sister butterflyfish taxa related to calcium transmembrane transport and binding. The latter result highlights the potential for this approach to reveal insights into adaptive mechanisms in populations inhabiting challenging coral reef environments such as the Red Sea, Arabian Sea and Arabian Gulf with further study.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-05-2023
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.16978
Abstract: The distribution of genetic ersity is often heterogeneous in space, and it usually correlates with environmental transitions or historical processes that affect demography. The coast of Chile encompasses two biogeographic provinces and spans a broad environmental gradient together with oceanographic processes linked to coastal topography that can affect species' genetic ersity. Here, we evaluated the genetic connectivity and historical demography of four Scurria limpets, S. scurra , S. variabilis , S. ceciliana and S. araucana , between ca. 19° S and 53° S in the Chilean coast using genome‐wide SNPs markers. Genetic structure varied among species which was evidenced by species‐specific breaks together with two shared breaks. One of the shared breaks was located at 22–25° S and was observed in S. araucana and S. variabilis , while the second break around 31–34° S was shared by three Scurria species. Interestingly, the identified genetic breaks are also shared with other low‐disperser invertebrates. Demographic histories show bottlenecks in S. scurra and S. araucana populations and recent population expansion in all species. The shared genetic breaks can be linked to oceanographic features acting as soft barriers to dispersal and also to historical climate, evidencing the utility of comparing multiple and sympatric species to understand the influence of a particular seascape on genetic ersity.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-12-2013
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.12138
Abstract: Parentage studies and family reconstructions have become increasingly popular for investigating a range of evolutionary, ecological and behavioural processes in natural populations. However, a number of different assignment methods have emerged in common use and the accuracy of each may differ in relation to the number of loci examined, allelic ersity, incomplete s ling of all candidate parents and the presence of genotyping errors. Here, we examine how these factors affect the accuracy of three popular parentage inference methods (colony, famoz and an exclusion-Bayes' theorem approach by Christie (Molecular Ecology Resources, 2010a, 10, 115) to resolve true parent-offspring pairs using simulated data. Our findings demonstrate that accuracy increases with the number and ersity of loci. These were clearly the most important factors in obtaining accurate assignments explaining 75-90% of variance in overall accuracy across 60 simulated scenarios. Furthermore, the proportion of candidate parents s led had a small but significant impact on the susceptibility of each method to either false-positive or false-negative assignments. Within the range of values simulated, colony outperformed FaMoz, which outperformed the exclusion-Bayes' theorem method. However, with 20 or more highly polymorphic loci, all methods could be applied with confidence. Our results show that for parentage inference in natural populations, careful consideration of the number and quality of markers will increase the accuracy of assignments and mitigate the effects of incomplete s ling of parental populations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JFB.12694
Abstract: A total of 23 novel polymorphic microsatellite marker loci were developed for the angelfish Centropyge bicolor through 454 sequencing, and further tested on two spatially separated populations (90 in iduals each) from Kimbe Bay in Papua New Guinea. The mean ± s.e. number of alleles per locus was 14·65 ± 1·05, and mean ± s.e. observed (HO ) and expected (HE ) heterozygosity frequencies were 0·676 ± 0·021 and 0·749 ± 0·018, respectively. The markers reported here constitute the first specific set for this genus and will be useful for future conservation genetic studies in the Indo-Pacific region.
Publisher: Environmental Health Perspectives
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1289/EHP.1306755
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: The persistence and resilience of many coral reef species are dependent on rates of connectivity among sub-populations. However, despite increasing research efforts, the spatial scale of larval dispersal remains unpredictable for most marine metapopulations. Here, we assess patterns of larval dispersal in the angelfish Centropyge bicolor in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, using parentage and sibling reconstruction analyses based on 23 microsatellite DNA loci. We found that, contrary to previous findings in this system, self-recruitment (SR) was virtually absent at both the reef (0.4–0.5% at 0.15 km 2 ) and the lagoon scale (0.6–0.8% at approx. 700 km 2 ). While approximately 25% of the collected juveniles were identified as potential siblings, the majority of sibling pairs were s led from separate reefs. Integrating our findings with earlier research from the same system suggests that geographical setting and life-history traits alone are not suitable predictors of SR and that high levels of localized recruitment are not universal in coral reef fishes.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.8645
Abstract: The arboreal marsupial monito del monte (genus Dromiciops , with two recognized species) is a paradigmatic mammal. It is the sole living representative of the order Microbiotheria, the ancestor lineage of Australian marsupials. Also, this marsupial is the unique frugivorous mammal in the temperate rainforest, being the main seed disperser of several endemic plants of this ecosystem, thus acting as keystone species. Dromiciops is also one of the few hibernating mammals in South America, spending half of the year in a physiological dormancy where metabolism is reduced to 10% of normal levels. This capacity to reduce energy expenditure in winter contrasts with the enormous energy turnover rate they experience in spring and summer. The unique life history strategies of this living Microbiotheria, characterized by an alternation of life in the slow and fast lanes, putatively represent ancestral traits that permitted these cold‐adapted mammals to survive in this environment. Here, we describe the ecological role of this emblematic marsupial, summarizing the ecophysiology of hibernation and sociality, updated phylogeographic relationships, reproductive cycle, trophic relationships, mutualisms, conservation, and threats. This marsupial shows high densities, despite presenting slow reproductive rates, a paradox explained by the unique characteristics of its three‐dimensional habitat. We finally suggest immediate actions to protect these species that may be threatened in the near future due to habitat destruction and climate change.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.8888
Abstract: The study of sister species that occur in parapatry around biogeographic transition zones can help understand the evolutionary processes that underlie the changes in species composition across biogeographic transition zones. The South Eastern Pacific (SEP) coast is a highly productive coastal system that exhibits a broad biogeographic transition zone around 30–35°S. Here, we present a comparative genome‐wide analysis of the sister species Scurria viridula and Scurria zebrina , that occur in parapatry and whose poleward and equatorward range edges intersect in the 30–35°S SEP biogeographic transition zone. We s led 118 specimens sourced from nine sites from Tocopilla (22°S) to Chiloé (41°S) including one site where both species overlap and analyzed over 8000 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found evidence of hybridization between these species in the contact zone and found significant but contrasting population structures for both species. Our results indicate that the genetic structure in S . viridula , which is currently expanding its range poleward, follows a simple isolation by distance model with no traces of natural selection (no evidence of outlier loci). In contrast, S . zebrina , which has its equatorward range edge at the transition zone, displayed a pronounced genetic break approximately at 32–34°S, along a region of marked environmental heterogeneity in association with a semi‐permanent coastal upwelling regime. For S . zebrina we also found 43 outlier loci associated with this genetic break, with a significant proportion of them clustering in a single linkage group. This marked difference in the presence of outlier loci between species suggests that they could be responding differently to local environmental challenges found at their overlapping geographic range edges, thus providing important new insights about genomic changes around biogeographic transition zones in sister species and the forces that shape genetic ersity in intertidal marine species.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.15478
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.CUB.2013.03.006
Abstract: In many tropical nations, fisheries management requires a community-based approach because small customary marine tenure areas define the spatial scale of management [1]. However, the fate of larvae originating from a community's tenure is unknown, and thus the degree to which a community can expect their management actions to replenish the fisheries within their tenure is unclear [2, 3]. Furthermore, whether and how much larval dispersal links tenure areas can provide a strong basis for cooperative management [4, 5]. Using genetic parentage analysis, we measured larval dispersal from a single, managed spawning aggregation of squaretail coral grouper (Plectropomus areolatus) and determined its contribution to fisheries replenishment within five community tenure areas up to 33 km from the aggregation at Manus Island, Papua New Guinea. Within the community tenure area containing the aggregation, 17%-25% of juveniles were produced by the aggregation. In four adjacent tenure areas, 6%-17% of juveniles were from the aggregation. Larval dispersal kernels predict that 50% of larvae settled within 14 km of the aggregation. These results strongly suggest that both local and cooperative management actions can provide fisheries benefits to communities over small spatial scales.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 13-08-2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.08.12.207332
Abstract: Several geological events affecting Southern South America during the middle Miocene climatic optimum acted as important drivers of ersification to the biota. This is the case of Microbiotheria, for which Dromiciops is considered the sole surviving lineage, the sister group of Eomarsupialia (Australian marsupials). Three main Dromiciops genetic lineages are known, whose ergence was initially attributed to recent Pleistocene glaciations. Using fossil-calibrated dating on nuclear and mitochondrial genes, here we reevaluate this hypothesis and report an older (Miocenic) biogeographic history for the genus. Southern South America. Phylogenetic reconstruction using sequences from two mitochondrial DNA and four nuclear DNA genes in 159 specimens, from 31 sites across Chile and Argentina. Divergence time estimation using fossil calibration. Our phylogenetic analysis resolved four well supported clades with discrete geographic distributions. The oldest and most differentiated clade corresponds to that of the northern distribution (35.2°S to 39.3°S), which would be a different species ( D. bozinovici , sensu D’elia et al. 2016). According to our estimations, this species shared a common ancestor with D. gliroides (southern clades) about 13 million years ago (95% CI: 6.4-25.3). The southern clades (39.6°S to 42.0°S), showed a ergence time ranging from 9.57 to 6.5 Mya. Strong genetic structure was detected from north to south but not across the Andes, or between Chiloé island/ mainland. Demographic equilibrium is inferred to the northern clade, and recent demographic expansions was detected in the central and southern clades. The whole ersification of Dromiciops occurred within the Miocene, being the Middle Miocene transgression (MMT), the massive marine flooding that covered several lowlands of the western face of los Andes between 38-48° S, the most likely ersifying force. This was the result of an increase in global sea levels due to the Miocene climatic optimum, which shaped the biogeographic origin of several species, including Nothofagus forests, the habitat main of Dromiciops .
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-11-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-09-2021
Abstract: Understanding larval connectivity patterns in exploited fishes is a fundamental prerequisite for developing effective management strategies and assessing the vulnerability of a fishery to recruitment overfishing and localised extinction. To date, however, researchers have not considered how regional variations in fishing pressure also influence recruitment. We used genetic parentage analyses and modelling to infer the dispersal patterns of bumphead parrotfish Bolbometopon muricatum larvae in the Kia fishing grounds, Isabel Province, Solomon Islands. We then extrapolated our Kia dispersal model to a regional scale by mapping the available nursery and adult habitat for B. muricatum in six regions in the western Solomon Islands, and estimated the relative abundance of adult B. muricatum populations in each of these regions based on available adult habitat and historical and current fishing pressure. Parentage analysis identified 67 juveniles that were the offspring of parents s led in the Kia fishing grounds. A fitted larval dispersal kernel predicted that 50% of larvae settled within 30 km of their parents, and 95% settled within 85 km of their parents. After accounting for uns led adults, our model predicted that 34% of recruitment to the Kia fishery was spawned locally. Extrapolating the spatial resolution of the model revealed that a high proportion of the larvae recruiting into the Kia fishing grounds came from nearby regions that had abundant adult populations. Other islands in the archipelago provided few recruits to the Kia fishing grounds, reflecting the greater distances to these islands and lower adult abundances in some regions. Synthesis and applications . This study shows how recruitment into a coral reef fishery is influenced by larval dispersal patterns and regional variations in historical fishing pressure. The scales of larval connectivity observed for bumphead parrotfish indicate that recruitment overfishing is unlikely if there are lightly exploited reefs up to 85 km away from a heavily fished region, and that small ( km 2 ) marine‐protected areas (MPAs) are insufficient to protect this species. We recommend greater efforts to understand the interactions between larval dispersal and gradients of fishing pressure, as this will enable the development of tailored fisheries management strategies.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-03-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-11-2013
DOI: 10.1111/MEC.12527
Abstract: Genetic parentage analyses provide a practical means with which to identify parent-offspring relationships in the wild. In Harrison et al.'s study (2013a), we compare three methods of parentage analysis and showed that the number and ersity of microsatellite loci were the most important factors defining the accuracy of assignments. Our simulations revealed that an exclusion-Bayes theorem method was more susceptible to false-positive and false-negative assignments than other methods tested. Here, we analyse and discuss the trade-off between type I and type II errors in parentage analyses. We show that controlling for false-positive assignments, without reporting type II errors, can be misleading. Our findings illustrate the need to estimate and report both the rate of false-positive and false-negative assignments in parentage analyses.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-05-2009
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-03-2021
Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Date: 31-10-2016
Abstract: Evidence for natal philopatry, the return of in iduals to their natal location for reproduction, is scarce in marine fish populations despite being common in anadromous fishes. The proportion of in iduals returning to natal sites is an important metric for estimating the effects of inbreeding and the potential for local adaptation to generate resilience to climate change. Here, we present the first multigenerational pedigree for a wild marine fish. We resolved the genealogical tree of families of orange clownfish Amphiprion percula spanning up to five generations, using data from a 10-year genetic survey of a population at Kimbe Island, Papua New Guinea. We found that longitudinal philopatry plays a significant role in driving population renewal of the orange clownfish.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00227-022-04117-9
Abstract: Social hierarchies within groups define the distribution of resources and provide benefits that support the collective group or favor dominant members. The progression of in iduals through social hierarchies is a valuable characteristic for quantifying population dynamics. On coral reefs, some clownfish maintain size-based hierarchical communities where in iduals queue through social ranks. The cost of waiting in a lower-ranked position is outweighed by the reduced risk of eviction and mortality. The orange clownfish, Amphiprion percula , maintains stable social groups with subordinate in iduals queuing to be part of the dominant breeding pair. Strong association with their host anemone, complex social interactions, and relatively low predation rates make them ideal model organisms to assess changes in group dynamics through time in their natural environment. Here, we investigate the rank changes and isometric growth rates of A. percula from 247 naturally occurring social groups in Kimbe Island, Papua New Guinea (5° 12′ 13.54″ S, 150° 22′ 32.69″ E). We used DNA profiling to assign and track in iduals over eight years between 2011 and 2019. Over half of the in iduals survived alongside two or three members of their original social group, with twelve breeding pairs persisting over the study period. Half of the surviving in iduals increased in rank and experienced double the growth rate of those that maintained their rank. Examining rank change in a wild fish population provides new insights into the complex social hierarchies of reef fishes and their role in social evolution.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-02-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.208
Abstract: The use of marine protected area (MPA) networks to sustain fisheries and conserve bio ersity is predicated on two critical yet rarely tested assumptions. In idual MPAs must produce sufficient larvae that settle within that reserve's boundaries to maintain local populations while simultaneously supplying larvae to other MPA nodes in the network that might otherwise suffer local extinction. Here, we use genetic parentage analysis to demonstrate that patterns of self‐recruitment of two reef fishes ( Amphiprion percula and Chaetodon vagabundus ) in an MPA in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea, were remarkably consistent over several years. However, dispersal from this reserve to two other nodes in an MPA network varied between species and through time. The stability of our estimates of self‐recruitment suggests that even small MPAs may be self‐sustaining. However, our results caution against applying optimization strategies to MPA network design without accounting for variable connectivity among species and over time.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-01-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JFB.14960
Abstract: The blenniids of the genus Scartichthys are one of the most common fishes of Central and South American Pacific coastal reefs. This being said, Scartichthys spp. remain difficult to identify in the field, and identification is particularly challenging across the c . 6000 km where three of the four currently accepted species are known to occur in sympatry. A reason for this is that the main taxonomic characters from traditional taxonomy are indeed elusive. In addition, at the same time, species can display multiple colour patterns in the field, depending on their ontogenetic stage, habitat association and reproductive behaviour. Overall, molecular characterization is warranted to help address these issues. In this study, the authors have used a novel approach to revise the genus by combining colouration, morphological and molecular data of representative specimens of the four currently valid species and seven described colour patterns. From this, the authors show that only three of the four species should be considered as valid Scartichthys gigas (Steindachner, 1876), Scartichthys variolatus (Valenciennes, 1836) and Scartichthys viridis (Valenciennes, 1836), whereas Scartichthys crapulatus (Williams, 1990) should be synonymized with S. viridis . In the same way, the analyses in this study show that one of the colour patterns attributed so far only to S. gigas is characteristic of the juvenile stages of S. viridis . The time‐calibrated phylogeny of this study shows that this genus is relatively young and that the estimated time of ergence between S. gigas and S. viridis is c . 1.71 Ma. In comparison, the Desventuradas and Juan Fernandez Islands endemic S. variolatus erged c . 1.95 Ma. The results of this study help to clarify the taxonomy of Scartichthys .
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ELE.13428
Abstract: The relative contributions of environmental, maternal and additive genetic factors to the Lifetime reproductive success (LRS) determine whether species can adapt to rapid environmental change. Yet to date, studies quantifying LRS across multiple generations in marine species in the wild are non-existent. Here we used 10-year pedigrees resolved for a wild orange clownfish population from Kimbe Island (PNG) and a quantitative genetic linear mixed model approach to quantify the additive genetic, maternal and environmental contributions to variation in LRS for the self-recruiting portion of the population. We found that the habitat of the breeder, including the anemone species and geographic location, made the greatest contribution to LRS. There were low to negligible contributions of genetic and maternal factors equating with low heritability and evolvability. Our findings imply that our population will be susceptible to short-term, small-scale changes in habitat structure and may have limited capacity to adapt to these changes.
Location: Spain
Start Date: 2014
End Date: 2017
Funder: National Agency for Research and Development
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