ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1253-1282
Current Organisations
University of Melbourne
,
University of Wollongong
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Preventive Medicine | Counselling, Welfare and Community Services | Social Work
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Ethnicity, Multiculturalism and Migrant Development and Welfare | Families and Family Services | Health Inequalities |
Related Links
Publications
Safety and immunogenicity of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 spike protein vaccine: a phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial in both seropositive and seronegative populations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Corrigendum to “Pharmacotherapy for amphetamine dependence: A systematic review” [Drug Alcohol Depend. 191 (2018) 309–337]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Dual diagnosis capability after an AOD workforce initiative
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 17-11-2011
DOI: 10.1108/17570971111197201
Abstract: Dissemination of good practice information to practitioners is one of the great challenges of the substance abuse treatment sector. The authors' understanding of the process by which research is translated is limited, but a whole of workforce approach is considered best practice. This paper aims to examine organisational change as a result of a workforce capacity‐building program over six months. A total of 195 staff (nine service managers, 39 supervisors and 147 clinicians) in 13 alcohol and other drug (AOD) services across Australia participated in mental health screening and brief intervention training using PsyCheck. PsyCheck is designed to detect and address common mental health symptoms among drug treatment clients. The Dual Diagnosis Capability in Addiction Treatment (DDCAT) index was used to measure capacity before and after training. There was no significant difference between baseline and follow‐up DDCAT scores however, the level of PsyCheck implementation indicated improvement in DDCAT scores. The results show that where organisations implement the program successfully, capacity improves where the program is not well implemented, capacity reduces. Successful implementers report a number of common elements: the screening tool was implemented into routine assessment there was a single onsite “ch ion” supporting the implementation and they worked with the staff and persisted with the implementation even where there was initial worker resistance. This paper provides the opportunity to assess workforce capacity building and the feasibility of utilising the DCCAT to measure co‐occurring mental health and substance use disorders in Australian AOD services.
A co-produced cultural approach to workplace alcohol interventions: barriers and facilitators
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-05-2019
The intersection of social work, substance use and mental health - where are we now?
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 25-04-2023
Changes in attitude to, and confidence in, working with comorbidity after training in screening and brief intervention
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
Pharmacotherapy for amphetamine dependence: A systematic review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2018.06.038
Abstract: Demand for treatment for hetamine use is increasing internationally. Establishing effective pharmacotherapy provides broader treatment options for people who are dependent on hetamine and may encourage engagement in evidence-based behavioral treatment. This study aimed to identify medicines that have potential in improving treatment outcomes for people who are dependent on hetamines. Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from 1997 to 2012 and again from 2013 to 2016. Studies on medications for hetamine/meth hetamine dependence treatment were selected and assessed by two independent researchers. A meta-narrative review approach was used to synthesize results. A total of 49 studies investigating 20 potential pharmacotherapies were eligible for inclusion. Of these, 35 studies related to 33 level II quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Five medications were subject to multiple RCTs. Four of these medicines demonstrated some limited evidence of benefit for reducing hetamine use: methylphenidate (as reported in three studies), bupropion (in three studies), modafinil (two studies), and naltrexone (one study). Four RCTs of dex hetamine suggest its benefit on secondary outcomes such as treatment retention, but not for reducing hetamine use. Six other medicines indicate the potential for efficacy, but the number of studies is too small to draw conclusions. No medicine has as yet demonstrated sufficient, consistent evidence of effectiveness to support its use in routine treatment. High study drop-out and poor medication adherence limits the strength of evidence and raises important clinical questions about how to improve treatment engagement and outcomes.
Exploring the knowledge translation of domestic violence research: A literature review.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.13070
Changes in CYP2D enzyme activity following induction of type 2 diabetes, and administration of cinnamon and metformin: an experimental animal study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-11-2018
DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1390626
Abstract: 1. Alterations in the activity of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes result in changes in the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs. This study was designed to explore the impact of type II diabetes, metformin and cinnamon on the activity of CYP2D isoenzyme. 2. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic and normal rats were gavaged by cinnamon and/or metformin for 14 days. Using isolated perfusion of rat livers, the metabolic activity of CYP2D in the study groups was evaluated based on the oxidative biotransformation of tramadol hydrochloride. 3. The metabolic ratios of O-desmethyltramadol, the product of CYP2D-mediated metabolism of tramadol, in normal and diabetic control rats were found to be 0.33 ± 0.12 and 0.29 ± 0.07, respectively. Cinnamon significantly reduced the mentioned ratio in both normal and diabetic rats (0.13 ± 0.05 and 0.15 ± 0.04) and metformin increased the reduced activity in diabetic rats (0.37 ± 0.09 versus 0.29 ± 0.07). 4. In conclusion, it is evident that this study has shown the significant inhibitory effect of cinnamon on CYP2D. This finding suggests that it should be taken into consideration the possible metabolism-related pharmacokinetic drug-cinnamon interactions. 5. Additionally, type 2 diabetes condition reduced the enzyme activity and metformin consumption reversed this reduction however, the significance of the latest is not clear.
Contingency management in substance abuse treatment
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2008
Personal barriers to addressing intimate partner abuse: a qualitative meta-synthesis of healthcare practitioners’ experiences
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-021-06582-2
Abstract: Healthcare practitioners (HCPs) play a crucial role in recognising, responding to, and supporting female patients experiencing intimate partner abuse (IPA). However, research consistently identifies barriers they perceive prevent them from doing this work effectively. These barriers can be system-based (e.g. lack of time or training) or personal/in idual. This review of qualitative evidence aims to synthesise the personal barriers that impact HCPs’ responses to IPA. Five databases were searched in March 2020. Studies needed to utilise qualitative methods for both data collection and analysis and be published between 2010 and 2020 in order to qualify for inclusion however, we considered any type of healthcare setting in any country. Article screening, data extraction and methodological appraisal using a modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist for qualitative studies were undertaken by at least two independent reviewers. Data analysis drew on Thomas and Harden’s thematic synthesis approach. Twenty-nine studies conducted in 20 countries informed the final review. A variety of HCPs and settings were represented. Three themes were developed that describe the personal barriers experienced by HCPs: I can’t interfere (which describes the belief that IPA is a “private matter” and HCPs’ fears of causing harm by intervening) I don’t have control (highlighting HCPs’ frustration when women do not follow their advice) and I won’t take responsibility (which illuminates beliefs that addressing IPA should be someone else’s job) . This review highlights the need for training to address personal issues in addition to structural or organisational barriers. Education and training for HCPs needs to: encourage reflection on their own values to reinforce their commitment to addressing IPA teach HCPs to relinquish the need to control outcomes so that they can adopt an advocacy approach and support HCPs’ trust in the critical role they can play in responding. Future research should explore effective ways to do this within the context of complex healthcare organisations.
Efficacy and safety of Tocilizumab in severe and critical COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-04-2021
Women’s experiences and expectations after disclosure of intimate partner abuse to a healthcare provider: A qualitative meta-synthesis
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 11-2020
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-041339
Abstract: To identify and synthesise the experiences and expectations of women victim/survivors of intimate partner abuse (IPA) following disclosure to a healthcare provider (HCP). The databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, SocINDEX, ASSIA and the Cochrane Library were searched in February 2020. Included studies needed to focus on women’s experiences with and expectations of HCPs after disclosure of IPA. We considered primary studies using qualitative methods for both data collection and analysis published since 2004. Studies conducted in any country, in any type of healthcare setting, were included. The quality of in idual studies was assessed using an adaptation of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies. The confidence in the overall evidence base was determined using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE)-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research methods. Thematic synthesis was used for analysis. Thirty-one papers describing 30 studies were included in the final review. These were conducted in a range of health settings, predominantly in the USA and other high-income countries. All studies were in English. Four main themes were developed through the analysis, describing women’s experiences and expectations of HCPs: (1) connection through kindness and care (2) see the evil, hear the evil, speak the evil (3) do more than just listen and (4) plant the right seed. If these key expectations were absent from care, it resulted in a range of negative emotional impacts for women. Our findings strongly align with the principles of woman-centred care, indicating that women value emotional connection, practical support through action and advocacy and an approach that recognises their autonomy and is tailored to their in idual needs. Drawing on the evidence, we have developed a best practice model to guide practitioners in how to deliver woman-centred care. This review has critical implications for practice, highlighting the simplicity of what HCPs can do to support women experiencing IPA, although its applicability to low-income and-middle income settings remains to be explored.
Screening and intervention for mental health problems in alcohol and other drug settings: Can training change practitioner behaviour?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-09-2011
Improving case management outcomes for young people
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 16-11-2012
DOI: 10.1108/17570971211281675
Abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of introducing clinical case management into a youth alcohol and other drug treatment setting. Case management as usual (CMAU), the current brokerage model operating as a control group was compared to clinical case management (CCM). In idual client outcomes were compared with the site as the grouping variable. Although alcohol and drug outcomes were similar, arguably slightly favouring the intervention group, results suggest that young people receiving clinical case management showed potentially greater improvement across a range of other health outcomes including mental health, treatment utilisation and social outcomes than the CMAU brokerage model. The study examined the feasibility of training clinicians in a youth alcohol and drug treatment agency in a clinical case management model and examined whether this more intensive case management approach could improve substance use and mental health outcomes for young people. Although widely used, much less is known about the efficacy of case management within substance use treatment settings, where case management tends to be loosely defined and encompasses a broad range of activities. The originality of this study is that little is known about the effectiveness of case management in youth services, where it tends to be the primary service offered.
Creating an action plan to advance knowledge translation in a domestic violence research network: a deliberative dialogue
Publisher: Bristol University Press
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1332/174426421X16106634806152
Abstract: There is limited research on how knowledge translation of a domestic violence (DV) research network is shared. This lack of research is problematic because of the complexity of establishing a research network, encompassing erse disciplines, methods, and focus of study potentially impacting how knowledge translation functions. To address the limited research, we completed a deliberative dialogue with the following questions: Is there a consensus regarding a coherent knowledge translation framework for a domestic violence research network? What are the key actions that a domestic violence research network could take to enhance knowledge translation? Deliberative dialogue is a group process that blends research and practice to identify potential actions. In total, 16 participants attended three deliberative dialogue meetings. We applied a qualitative analysis to the data to identify the key actions. The deliberative dialogue facilitated mutual agreement regarding four key actions: (1) agreement on a knowledge translation approach (2) active promotion of dedicated leadership within an authorising environment (3) development of sustainable partnerships through capacity building and collaboration, particularly with DV survivors and (4) employment of multiple strategies applying different kinds of evidence for erse purposes and emerging populations. The use of the deliberative dialogue has uncovered specific factors required for the successful knowledge translation of domestic violence research. These factors have been added to the Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) capacity framework to enhance its application for domestic violence research. Future research could explore these organisational, professional and in idual factors further by evaluating them in practice.
Health practitioners’ perceptions of structural barriers to the identification of intimate partner abuse: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-01-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12913-022-07491-8
Abstract: Health care practitioners (HCPs) play a critical role in identifying and responding to intimate partner abuse (IPA). Despite this, studies consistently demonstrate a range of barriers that prevent HCPs from effectively identifying and responding to IPA. These barriers can occur at the in idual level or at a broader systems or organisational level. In this article, we report the findings of a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies focused on HCPs’ perceptions of the structural or organisational barriers to IPA identification. Seven databases were searched to identify English-language studies published between 2012 and 2020 that used qualitative methods to explore the perspectives of HCPs in relation to structural or organisational barriers to identifying IPA. Two reviewers independently screened the articles. Findings from the included studies were analysed using Thomas and Hardin’s method of using a thematic synthesis and critiqued using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool for qualitative studies and the methodological component of the GRADE-CERQual. Forty-three studies conducted in 22 countries informed the review. Eleven HCP settings were represented. Three themes were developed that described the structural barriers experienced by HCPs: The environment works against us (limited time with patients, lack of privacy) Trying to tackle the problem on my own (lack of management support and a health system that fails to provide adequate training, policies and response protocols and resources), Societal beliefs enable us to blame the victim (normalisation of IPA, only presents in certain types of women, women will lie or are not reliable). This meta-synthesis highlights the need for structural change to address these barriers. These include changing health systems to enable more time and to improve privacy, training, policies, and referral protocols. On a broader level IPA in health systems is currently not seen as a priority in terms of global burden of disease, mortality and morbidity and community attitudes need to address blaming the victim.
Psychosocial therapeutic interventions for volatile substance use: a systematic review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-01-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1360-0443.2011.03650.X
Abstract: Volatile substance use (VSU) is associated with a range of adverse outcomes, including cognitive impairment and death. It occurs disproportionately within young and marginalized populations. A previous international systematic review of VSU treatment identified no relevant studies. This paper reports on a systematic review of a range of study types concerning psychosocial interventions for VSU. Search parameters were developed using the Population, Intervention, Professionals, Outcomes, Health care setting and Contexts (PIPOH) tool with input from an expert committee. Included were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparative studies with or without concurrent controls, case series studies and grey literature, published in English during 1980-2010. The initial search identified 2344 references. After two screening phases, 23 studies of VSU therapeutic interventions remained. Of these, 19 concerned psychosocial interventions, which we discuss as: case management counselling recreation and engagement programmes and residential treatment. Studies were conducted in Australia, Canada, the United States, United Kingdom and Brazil. No RCTs were identified and studies were generally of low evidentiary levels. Even when a range of study types are included, clear conclusions for volatile substance use psychological treatment are not supported, but three intervention types merit further examination: family therapy, activity-based programmes and Indigenous-led residential approaches. Future volatile substance use research could be enhanced by developing and validating outcome measurement tools. Robust multi-site studies are also required.
A Systematic Review of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: Implications for Policy, Service Delivery and Individuals
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-08-2022
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202208.0180.V1
Abstract: Background Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) is a dissociative anaesthetic that is sometimes used recreationally. The prevalence of N₂O use is difficult to quantify but appears to be increasing. Research on N₂O harms and application of harm reduction strategies are limited. The aim of this mixed method systematic review was to collate and synthesise the disparate body of research on recreational nitrous oxide use to inform harm reduction approaches tailored for young people. Methods To identify publications reporting recreational use of N₂O, a search of public health, psychology and social science databases was conducted. Databases included PubMed, CIHNAL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Gray literature and Google advanced search were also used. Due to limited published literature on the recreational use of N₂O, no limit was placed on publication date or study type. A thematic synthesis extracted descriptive and analytical themes from the selected studies. Quality appraisal was conducted using the CASP Tool for Qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute case report assessment tool Results The search retrieved 407 reports. Thirty-four were included in the final analysis including sixteen case reports. The included studies were primarily concerned with raising awareness of the apparently increasing use and subsequently increasing harms of recreational N₂O use. There was limited reference to policy or legislative responses in any published studies, no suggestions for harm reduction strategies or application of service level responses. In general, in iduals lack awareness of N2O related harms. Conclusion The review found three key areas that deserve further consideration including: 1) policy, 2) service delivery, and 3) harm associated with N₂O use. We recommend a top-down (policy) and bottom-up (services delivery/services users) approach to harm reduction for N₂O use which also includes further consultation and research with both groups. Future research could explore young people& rsquo s experience of N₂O use including benefits and problems to inform contextually relevant harm reduction strategies.
Mind your step: developing effective mental health training for alcohol and other drug workers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2011
Application of Whole Genome Sequencing Technology in the Investigation of Genetic Causes of Fetal, Perinatal, and Early Infant Death.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-06-2017
Abstract: Death in the fetal, perinatal, and early infant age-group has a multitude of causes, a proportion of which is presumed to be genetic. Defining a specific genetic aberration leading to the death is problematic at this young age, due to limited phenotype-genotype correlation inherent in the underdeveloped phenotype, the inability to assess certain phenotypic traits after death, and the problems of dealing with rare disorders. In this study, our aim was to increase the yield of identification of a defined genetic cause of an early death. Therefore, we employed whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic filtering techniques as a comprehensive, unbiased genetic investigation into 16 fetal, perinatal, and early infant deaths, which had undergone a full autopsy. A likely genetic cause was identified in two cases (in genes COL2A1 and RYR1) and a speculative genetic cause in a further six cases (in genes: ARHGAP35, BBS7, CASZ1, CRIM1, DHCR7, HADHB, HAPLN3, HSPG2, MYO18B, and SRGAP2). This investigation indicates that whole genome sequencing is a significantly enabling technology when determining genetic causes of early death.
A review of the efficacy and effectiveness of harm reduction strategies for alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1080/09595230600944529
Abstract: Harm reduction is both a policy approach and used to describe a specific set of interventions. These interventions aim to reduce the harms associated with drug use. Employing a strict definition of harm reduction, evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug harm reduction interventions were reviewed. Systematic searches of the published literature were undertaken. Studies were included if they provided evaluation data (pre-post, or control group comparisons). More than 650 articles were included in the review. The majority of the literature concerned illicit drugs. For alcohol, harm reduction interventions to reduce road trauma are well-founded in evidence. Otherwise, there is limited research to support the efficacy and effectiveness of other alcohol harm reduction interventions. For tobacco, the area is controversial but promising new products that reduce the harms associated with smoking are being developed. In the area of illicit drugs there is solid efficacy, effectiveness and economic data to support needle syringe programmes and outreach programmes. There is limited published evidence to date for other harm reduction interventions such as non-injecting routes of administration, brief interventions and emerging positive evidence for supervised injecting facilities. There is sufficient evidence to support the wide-spread adoption of harm reduction interventions and to use harm reduction as an overarching policy approach in relation to illicit drugs. The same cannot be concluded for alcohol or tobacco. Research at a broad policy level is required, especially in light of the failure by many policy makers to adopt cost-effective harm reduction interventions.
A Systematic Review of Recreational Nitrous Oxide Use: Implications for Policy, Service Delivery and Individuals
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-09-2022
Abstract: Background: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a dissociative anaesthetic that is sometimes used recreationally. The prevalence of N2O use is difficult to quantify but appears to be increasing. Research on N2O harms and application of harm reduction strategies are limited. The aim of this mixed method systematic review was to collate and synthesise the disparate body of research on recreational nitrous oxide use to inform harm reduction approaches tailored for young people. Methods: To identify publications reporting the recreational use of N2O, a search of public health, psychology and social science databases was conducted. Databases included PubMed, CIHNAL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science. Grey literature and Google advanced search were also used. Due to limited published literature on the recreational use of N2O, no limit was placed on publication date or study type. A thematic synthesis extracted descriptive and analytical themes from the selected studies. Quality appraisal was conducted using the CASP Tool for Qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute case report assessment tool. Results: The search retrieved 407 reports. Thirty-four were included in the final analysis, including sixteen case reports. The included studies were primarily concerned with raising awareness of the apparently increasing use and subsequently increasing harms of recreational N2O use. There was limited reference to policy or legislative responses in any published studies, no suggestions for harm reduction strategies or application of service level responses. In general, in iduals lack awareness of N2O-related harms. Conclusion: The review found three key areas that deserve further consideration including: (1) policy, (2) service delivery, and (3) harm associated with N2O use. We recommend a top–down (policy) and bottom–up (services delivery/services users) approach to harm reduction for N2O use which also includes further consultation and research with both groups. Future research could explore young people’s experience of N2O use including benefits and problems to inform contextually relevant harm reduction strategies.
A community pharmacy practice-based research network: A protocol for a realist evaluation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
A systematic review of interventions for co-occurring substance use disorder and borderline personality disorder
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAT.2011.05.004
Abstract: Rates of borderline personality disorder (BPD) among in iduals with substance use disorder (SUD) are estimated to be as high as 65%. Such elevated rates present considerable challenges for drug treatment services given that in iduals with co-occurring SUD and BPD have higher rates of relapse, treatment noncompliance, and poorer outcomes than those with either diagnosis alone. A systematic review investigating current treatment options for co-occurring SUD and BPD was conducted using Medline and PsycINFO. Randomized controlled trials were the focus. Six studies were included that examined the use of three psychosocial therapies: dialectical behavior therapy, dual focused schema therapy and dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy. Despite all studies demonstrating some treatment gains over time, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend one treatment over another. Further research is needed to examine effective treatment options for co-occurring SUD and BPD, especially those that are likely to be applicable in mainstream drug treatment settings.
Differences in self and independent ratings on an organisational dual diagnosis capacity measure
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1465-3362.2009.00116.X
Abstract: There are a number of tools to assist services to measure their capacity to respond to co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. This study aimed to examine whether services could accurately self-rate their dual diagnosis capacity. Data were collected from 13 alcohol and drug services across Australia that participated in a comorbidity capacity building initiative. The organisations provided a range of services, including pharmacotherapy and counselling services, residential and outpatient services, youth and adult services and withdrawal. There was a mix of government and non-government services. Services rated themselves substantially higher than the independent raters at both baseline and follow up. The results suggest that services may not accurately assess their own capacity. For organisations trying to make improvements in their services, independent assessment may be more helpful than self-assessment in accurately determining service gaps. Overestimation of capacity may lead to failure to address important service needs.
Uptake of mental health websites in primary care: Insights from an Australian longitudinal cohort study of depression
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.PEC.2017.07.008
Abstract: To describe the characteristics of primary care attendees with depressive symptoms who use mental health websites. 789 in iduals with depressive symptoms recruited and followed up annually for nine years. Self-reported written surveys included mental health, professional and self-help use, e-mental health interventions or therapeutic websites. Marginal logistic regression examined association between mental health website (MHW) use and patient's mental health, health services use, anti-depressant use and self-help strategies. 36% of participants used an MHW at least once. MHW users were more likely to be female, younger, highly educated and employed. MHW use increased with depressive symptom severity reported in 16% of assessments when minimal symptoms were present and 28% when severe symptoms were present. MHW use was associated with: GP mental health visits, psychologist and psychiatrist visits and other self-help strategies including self-help books and telephone helplines. Mental health websites were more likely to be used by those with severe depressive symptoms rather than those with mild depression as recommended in current guidelines. Whilst mental health websites offer potential to support the high volume of people with mild depression new strategies may be required to ensure uptake.
Balancing Opposing Forces—A Nested Process Evaluation Study Protocol for a Stepped Wedge Designed Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of an Experience Based Codesign Intervention
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-10-2016
Abstract: Process evaluations are essential to understand the contextual, relational, and organizational and system factors of complex interventions. The guidance for developing process evaluations for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has until recently however, been fairly limited. A nested process evaluation (NPE) was designed and embedded across all stages of a stepped wedge cluster RCT called the CORE study. The aim of the CORE study is to test the effectiveness of an experience-based codesign methodology for improving psychosocial recovery outcomes for people living with severe mental illness (service users). Process evaluation data collection combines qualitative and quantitative methods with four aims: (1) to describe organizational characteristics, service models, policy contexts, and government reforms and examine the interaction of these with the intervention (2) to understand how the codesign intervention works, the cluster variability in implementation, and if the intervention is or is not sustained in different settings (3) to assist in the interpretation of the primary and secondary outcomes and determine if the causal assumptions underpinning the codesign interventions are accurate and (4) to determine the impact of a purposefully designed engagement model on the broader study retention and knowledge transfer in the trial. Process evaluations require prespecified study protocols but finding a balance between their iterative nature and the structure offered by protocol development is an important step forward. Taking this step will advance the role of qualitative research within trials research and enable more focused data collection to occur at strategic points within studies.
Contingency management: Perspectives of Australian service providers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1080/09595230601184653
Abstract: Given the very positive and extensive research evidence demonstrating efficacy and effectiveness of contingency management, it is important that Australia explore whether contingency management has a role to play in our own treatment context. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 30 experienced alcohol and drug practitioners, service managers and policy-makers in Victoria. Interviewees were selected to represent the range of drug treatment services types and included rural representation. A semi-structured interview schedule, covering their perceptions and practices of contingency management was used. All interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using N2 qualitative data analysis program. The majority of key informants were positively inclined toward contingency management, notwithstanding some concerns about the philosophical underpinnings. Concerns were raised in relation to the use of monetary rewards. Ex les of the use of contingency management provided by key informants demonstrated an over-inclusive definition: all the ex les did not adhere to the key principles of contingency management. This may create problems if a structured contingency management were to be introduced in Australia. Contingency management is an important adjunctive treatment intervention and its use in Australia has the potential to enhance treatment outcomes. No unmanageable barriers were identified in this study.
PsyCheck: responding to mental health issues within alcohol and drug treatment.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2006
Reducing depression among perinatal drug users – what is needed? A triangulated study
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 16-11-2012
DOI: 10.1108/17570971211281666
Abstract: Perinatal drug users are a marginalized group at risk of depression and parenting stress. This study aims to inform service development by determining key components needed to reduce depression among this population by triangulating data from qualitative interviews with service users and their care providers. Pre and post natal in‐depth qualitative interviews with drug users attending a specialist antenatal clinic in Melbourne, Australia, and their care providers were conducted and an email survey of experts was undertaken. Twenty‐eight interviews were conducted and the views of ten experts were received. Data from these sources were triangulated to determine the key components of an intervention to reduce depression among perinatal drug users. There was high concordance among data sources. Key service components identified were: case management extended postnatal care access to mental health services and drug treatment including relapse prevention parenting support, and housing support. Judgmental attitudes from healthcare staff and the fear of child protection may be barriers to accessing services. The study findings are limited by the small s le size. Services should be enhanced in pregnancy and the early parenting years to build a service model that incorporates the key components identified in this study and supported in the literature. The originality and value of this study is that it determines the key service components needed to reduce depression among perinatal drug users by triangulating their experiences and views, that of their care providers and expert opinion.
Indigenous People’s Experiences and Expectations of Health Care Professionals When Accessing Care for Family Violence: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-10-2022
Abstract: Although many Indigenous peoples demonstrate resilience and strength despite the ongoing impact colonization has on their peoples, evidence suggests poor experiences and expectations of health care professionals and access to health care. Health care professionals play an essential role in responding to family violence (FV), yet there is a paucity of evidence detailing Indigenous people’s experiences and expectations of health care professionals in the context of FV. Using a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies, this article aims to address the following research question: What are Indigenous people’s experiences and expectations of health care professionals when experiencing FV? The inclusion criteria comprised a qualitative study design, Indigenous voices, and a focus on expectations and experiences of health care professionals when FV is experienced. Reviewers independently screened article abstracts, and the findings from included papers were subject to a thematic analysis. Six studies were included in the final meta-synthesis representing studies from Australia, the Americas, and New Zealand. Three themes were identified. Health care professionals need to center the Indigenous person in the care they provide and demonstrate cultural awareness of how history and culture influence an in idual’s care requirements. Health care professionals also need to ensure they are connecting for trust with the Indigenous person, by slowly developing a rapport, yarning, and investing in the relationship. Finally, Indigenous peoples want their health care professional to work on strengthening safety from culturally inappropriate care, institutional control, and potential lack of confidentiality associated with tight-knit communities.
Social work, mental health and substance use: a scoping review
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 21-03-2023
Abstract: Integrated care approaches have been recommended for co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. The purpose of this study is to explore and map the research literature regarding social work and its intersection with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders. An iterative and systematic search of five electronic databases CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, Social Science Database and Medline was conducted to identify studies published between 2002 and 2022. Two reviewers independently screened publications in two successive stages of title and abstract screening, followed by a full-text screening of eligible studies. Data from each included publication were screened and extracted using Covidence. A total of 38 eligible studies were included in the final scoping review. The included studies were conducted in eight different counties, including a range of study designs (e.g. cross-sectional, RCT, pilot studies). Only 8 of the 38 studies included people with co-occurring disorders as participants. Study settings were broad, for ex le, dual-diagnosis, military, homeless, substance use and community-based settings. A review of the literature surrounding social work practice and its intersection with co-occurring mental health and Alcohol and other drug was warranted to document the evidence on this largely unexplored area of research. This review found that there was a paucity of literature that focused specifically on the role of social work practice in relation to in iduals with co-occurring disorders, with a limited number of studies focusing on dual diagnoses.
Effective interventions for mental health in male-dominated workplaces
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 02-12-2014
DOI: 10.1108/MHRJ-09-2014-0034
Abstract: – The purpose of this paper is to identify mental health interventions within male-dominated industries. – A systematic literature review was undertaken, examining mental health interventions within male-dominated industries. Major electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists for English language studies published January 1990-June 2012 were searched. Independent extraction of the studies was completed by two reviewers using predefined data fields including study quality measures. – Five studies met inclusion criteria. The available evidence suggests that effective interventions to address anxiety and depression in male-dominated industries include: improving mental health literacy and knowledge, increasing social support, improving access to treatment, providing education for managers and addressing workload issues. – Working conditions and the workplace can have a significant impact on a worker's mental health. Work-related factors including working conditions, job demands and social support in the workplace are particularly important for the mental health workers. Indeed, poor work conditions have been associated with poorer mental health outcomes in particular anxiety and depression, however, little work has been conducted on mental health interventions in the workplace and further the impact on male-dominated industries. – Overall, the body of evidence supporting effective interventions for mental health problems among workers in male-dominated industries is limited. Nonetheless, the evidence does suggest that mental health interventions in male-dominated industries is logistically feasible and can have some positive impact on the mental health of workers, particularly for high prevalence low severity disorders such as anxiety and depression.
Workplace risk factors for anxiety and depression in male-dominated industries: a systematic review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
Improving Substance Abuse Treatment: An Introduction to the Evidence-Based Practice Movement
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2009
Women’s experiences and expectations of intimate partner abuse identification in healthcare settings: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2021-058582
Abstract: To explore women’s experiences and expectations of intimate partner abuse (IPA) disclosure and identification in healthcare settings, focusing on the process of disclosure/identification rather than the healthcare responses that come afterwards. Systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies Relevant studies were sourced by using keywords to search the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, SocINDEX and ASSIA in September 2021. Studies needed to focus on women’s views about IPA disclosure and identification in healthcare settings, use qualitative methods and have been published in the last 5 years. Relevant data were extracted into a customised template. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative research was used to assess the methodological quality of included studies. A thematic synthesis approach was applied to the data, and confidence in the findings was appraised using The Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research methods. Thirty-four studies were included from a range of healthcare settings and countries. Three key themes were generated through analysing their data: (1) Provide universal education, (2) Create a safe and supportive environment for disclosure and (3) It is about how you ask . Included papers were rated overall as being of moderate quality, and moderate-high confidence was placed in the review findings. Women in the included studies articulated a desire to routinely receive information about IPA, lending support to a universal education approach that equips all women with an understanding of IPA and options for assistance, regardless of disclosure. Women’s suggestions for how to promote an environment conducive to disclosure and how to enquire about IPA have clear implications for clinical practice. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018091523.
A systematic review of alcohol interventions among workers in male-dominated industries
Publisher: IMR Press
Date: 06-2014
Evaluating the efficacy and safety of SpikoGen®, an Advax-CpG55.2–adjuvanted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein vaccine: a phase 3 randomized placebo-controlled trial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
A Model for Predicting Clinician Satisfaction with Clinical Supervision
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2014
Workplace alcohol harm reduction intervention in Australia: Cluster non‐randomised controlled trial
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12660
Abstract: The workplace holds substantial potential as an alcohol harm reduction and prevention setting. Few studies have rigorously examined strategies to reduce workplace alcohol-related harm. Hence, an in-situ 3 year trial of a comprehensive alcohol harm reduction intervention in Australian manufacturing workplaces was undertaken. Informed by a gap analysis, a multi-site trial was undertaken. Three manufacturing industry companies, located at four separate worksites, with a minimum of 100 employees were recruited through a local industry network. Based on worksite location, two worksites were allocated to the intervention group and two to the comparison group. The pre-specified primary outcome measure, risky drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, AUDIT-C) and other self-report measures were collected pre-intervention (T1), 12 months (T2) and 24 months post-intervention (T3). No significant intervention effect was observed for the primary outcome measure, risky drinking. Significant intervention effects were observed for increased awareness of alcohol policy and employee assistance. At T3, the odds of intervention group participants being aware of the workplace policy and aware of employee assistance were 48.9% (95% confidence interval 29.3-88.9%) and 79.7% (11.5%, 91.8%), respectively, greater than comparison group participants. Comprehensive tailored workplace interventions can be effective in improving workplace alcohol policy awareness. This is one of few workplace alcohol trials undertaken to-date and the findings make an important contribution to the limited evidence base for workplace alcohol harm prevention initiatives.
β-Sitosterol Alters the Inflammatory Response in CLP Rat Model of Sepsis by Modulation of NFκB Signaling
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 29-04-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5535562
Abstract: Purpose. Sepsis originates from the host inflammatory response, especially to bacterial infections, and is considered one of the main causes of death in intensive care units. Various agents have been developed to inhibit mediators of the inflammatory response one prospective agent is β-sitosterol (βS), a phytosterol with a structure similar to cholesterol. This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of βS on the biomarkers of inflammation and liver function in cecal ligation and puncture- (CLP-) induced septic rats. Methods. Thirty male Wistar rats were ided equally into six groups as follows: sham, CLP, CLP+dexamethasone (DX, 0.2 mg/kg), CLP+βS (1 mg/kg), CLP+imipenem (IMI, 20 mg/kg), and CLP+IMI (20 mg/kg)+βS (1 mg/kg). Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, AST, ALT, and liver glutathione (GSH) were assessed by ELISA. Liver expression levels of TNF-α and NF-κBi mRNAs were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Results. Serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, ALT, and AST and mRNA levels of TNF-α and NF-κBi were all significantly higher in septic rats than in normal rats ( p 0.05 ). Liver GSH content was markedly lower in the CLP group than that in the sham group. βS-treated rats had remarkably lower levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, NF-κBi, AST, and ALT (51.79%, 62.63%, 41.46%, 54.35%, 94.37%, 95.30%, 34.87%, and 46.53% lower, respectively) and greater liver GSH content (35.71% greater) compared to the CLP group ( p 0.05 ). Conclusion. βS may play a protective role in the septic process by mitigating inflammation. This effect is at least partly mediated by inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, βS can be considered as a supplementary treatment in septic patients.
Efficacy and safety of insulin detemir versus glargine in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 25-05-2022
DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2078700
Abstract: Performing an updated meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of insulin glargine and insulin detemir in adults with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Electronic databases were searched up to 18 August 2021. A random-effects model was applied to pool data from included studies to calculate the standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the continuous variables and relative risks (RRs) for the dichotomous variable. Nine studies compared insulin detemir and insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes and three studies in patients with type 1 diabetes. The pooled SMD of weight gain was -0.59 (95% CI -1.05 to -0.14 P=0.01 I It was found that there is no clinically considerable difference between the impacts of insulin detemir and insulin glargine in diabetic patients. The only statistically significant differences were less weight gain in type 2 diabetes and fewer episodes of severe hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes with insulin detemir.
Knowledge translation activity of a domestic violence research network: a scoping survey
Publisher: Bristol University Press
Date: 06-2021
DOI: 10.1332/239868021X16191835307584
Abstract: Introduction: Research networks undertake work collaboratively on complex areas of research. Few studies examine how these networks develop their knowledge translation activity. Focusing on a domestic violence research network (DVRN), the aim of this study was to answer the question: What is the shared understanding of knowledge translation and activity in a domestic violence research network? Methods: A s le of DVRN members undertook an anonymous online survey about their knowledge translation activity. Results: Completed by 49 of a potential 65 DVRN members (75% completion rate), findings suggested members use multiple knowledge translation definitions, and that different stages of the research process engage people with lived-experience and policymakers undertaking lower levels of engagement than practitioners. Innovative engagement mechanisms to communicate research findings were limited, and knowledge translation barriers included budget, time, capacity, limitation of models, organisational emphasis and support. Finally, there was inadequate knowledge translation evaluation. Conclusion: Overcoming knowledge translation barriers is essential to ensure meaningful collaboration particularly with survivors who are often the missing voice of knowledge translation. Future studies could determine what impact, if any, increasing engagement of survivors and policymakers during all stages of the research process has on knowledge translation.
A systematic review of interventions for co-occurring substance use and borderline personality disorders
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-04-2015
DOI: 10.1111/DAR.12267
Abstract: The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review on effective treatment options for co-occurring substance use and borderline personality disorders to examine effective treatments for this group. A systematic review using a narrative analysis approach was undertaken as there were too few studies within each intervention type to undertake a meta-analysis. The inclusion criteria comprised of English language studies (between 1999 and 2014) and a s le of >70% borderline personality disorder, with measurable outcomes for substance use and borderline personality disorder. All abstracts were screened (n = 376) resulting in 49 studies assessed for eligibility, with 10 studies, examining three different treatment types, included in the final review. There were four studies that examined dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), three studies that examined dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy (DDP) and three studies that examined dual-focused schema therapy (DFST). Both DBT and DDP demonstrated reductions in substance use, suicidal/self-harm behaviours and improved treatment retention. DBT also improved global and social functioning. DFST reduced substance use and both DFST and DPP improved treatment utilisation, but no other significant positive changes were noted. Overall, there were a small number of studies with small s le sizes, so further research is required. However, in the absence of a strong evidence base, there is a critical need to respond to this group with co-occurring borderline personality disorder and substance use. Both DBT and DPP showed some benefit in reducing symptoms, with DBT the preferred option given its superior evidence base with women in particular.
Needle exchange services: A profile of service users in community pharmacies and other settings
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-2004
Abstract: To compare client profiles and activity data from the pharmacy needle exchanges (PNEXs) with other needle exchanges (NEXs) in a UK city. Routinely collected data from four types of needle exchange services were used to analyse levels of activity and user profiles. Simple descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. In Glasgow, Scotland, at the time of the study NEX was provided at four key facilities: (1) PNEXs (2) drug treatment service sites (Glasgow Drug Problem Service, GDPS) (3) a drop-in service for female prostitutes (Base 75) and (4) a service based in a 24-hour crisis assessment and treatment centre (Glasgow Drug Crisis Centre, GDCC). A total of 1074 455 needles/syringes were issued during the study period. Over half of all needles and syringes were issued from PNEXs (52% 558 176) compared with 15% (162431) from GDPS, 5% (59 348) from the Base 75 exchange and 27% (294 500) from the GDCC. The return rate at PNEXs was 86% (95% confidence interval (CI) 85.90–86.10%) and was significantly higher than both GDCC (70%, 95% CI 69.80–70.19%) and Base 75 (25%, 95% CI 24.31–25.69%). A significantly greater proportion of needles and syringes were returned to the GDPS (94%, 95% CI 93.88–94.12%) than to PNEXs (86%). A significantly greater proportion of female clients attended GDCC (30%, 95% CI 27.41–32.59%) than the PNEXs (25%, 95% CI 23.80–26.20%). PNEXs attract large numbers of injectors to use the service and have a high return rate of needles and syringes issued. A erse population uses PNEXs. In order to meet the needs of different groups of injecting drug users, a variety of NEX facilities is needed, including out of hours services and exchanges for women, especially those in crisis or involved in prostitution.
A realist review of which advocacy interventions work for which abused women under what circumstances
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2019
Opportunities and challenges: over-the-counter codeine supply from the codeine consumer’s perspective†
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-10-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.2042-7174.2012.00247.X
Abstract: This study aimed to gain a better understanding on perspectives of over-the-counter (OTC) codeine users and issues relating to codeine dependence in the community pharmacy setting. Examining OTC codeine users' experiences aimed to promote better understanding of OTC codeine dependence, and inform pharmacy practices. Utilising a qualitative research methodology we conducted interviews with 20 participants who were OTC codeine users and met DSM IV criteria for codeine dependence. Key themes identified included experience of participants acquiring OTC codeine and participants' interactions with pharmacists. The OTC codeine-dependent participants found it generally easy to access OTC codeine, describing ‘standard’ questioning, minimal intervention from pharmacists and only occasional refusal to supply. A better appearance and presentation was generally linked to easy codeine supply. The experiences of participants suggest a number of barriers exist to effective intervention for OTC codeine dependence in the community pharmacy setting. Identification of these barriers will provide an opportunity to more effectively target interventions to reduce harm related to OTC codeine products. Increased involvement of pharmacists in OTC codeine sales was associated with help-seeking by codeine users.
Fit-for-work: mental health and alcohol indicators in male-dominated industries
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 07-08-2023
Abstract: Risky alcohol use can reduce productivity at work and impact employees’ mental health and wellbeing. Several risk factors converge in male-dominated industries, which can increase risky drinking and deteriorate mental health. This paper aims to explore the prevalence of risky drinking and psychological distress in a male-dominated industry compared with that in the general population. Data were collected from four manufacturing sites in Australia. In total, 450 workers were invited to participate in a survey that measured drinking behaviours using AUDIT-C and psychological distress using the K10, along with demographics including age, gender, job role and ethnicity. The observed outcome measures were compared with general population data available through publicly available data sets. Surveys were returned by 341 employees, of which 319 completed AUDIT-C. AUDIT-C and K10 scores were significantly correlated ( R = 0.31, p 0.0001). Hazardous drinking was more prevalent among workers than in Australian general population (66.1% vs 23.6%). Binge drinking was greater among workers than in the general population (25.4% vs 26.5%). The difference was higher among female workers than among male workers (35.1% vs 10.8%). The findings of this study show a significantly greater risk of alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries compared with that in the general population. This risk is more pronounced among women, who also experienced greater rates of moderate and high psychological distress compared with those experienced by the general population. A fitness-for-work approach is proposed to minimise alcohol-related harm among workers in male-dominated industries. Moreover, male-dominated industries are proposed to consider the interconnectivity of other workplace health and safety factors.
Characteristics of a nontreatment-seeking sample of over-the-counter codeine users: Implications for intervention and prevention
Publisher: Weston Medical Publishing
Date: 09-2011
Abstract: Objectives: Recently, there has been considerable policy and public interest in the availability of over-the-counter (OTC) codeine. Case reports demonstrating severe harm from OTC codeine have been published. However, few studies have examined how people use these products and who develops dependence. The aim of this study was to better understand who develops problematic use of OTC codeine.Design and setting: The authors conducted a web-based survey with people who self-reported OTC codeine use. Eight hundred participants completed the survey that examined codeine use and dependence, pain, and general physical and mental health.Results: Codeine-dependent people differed from nondependent codeine users on a range of characteristics. They were younger, had lower levels of employment and education, and were more likely to report family history of substance dependence. They were more likely to have taken well above recommended doses of OTC codeine and have taken codeine for considerably longer periods of time than recommended. Codeine-dependent people in this study differed markedly from other populations of opioid-dependent people recruited to research in Australia and were more similar to the general population, suggesting that a web-based survey may have reached an under-researched population of opioid-dependent people.Conclusions: How best to use these findings to identify at-risk OTC codeine users requires consideration. Approaches aimed at reducing harm from prescription opioids may be difficult to implement in pharmacy settings. Implications for pharmacists and other health professionals are discussed.
Alcohol use among workers in male-dominated industries: A systematic review of risk factors
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
The development and characteristics of Employee Assistance Programs around the globe
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2018
A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of metformin in severe traumatic brain injury
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-05-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00415-019-09366-1
Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metformin is reported to have pleiotropic neuroprotective effects through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-ischemic activity, and improvements in vascular hemodynamics and endothelial function. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy and safety of metformin therapy in severe TBI patients. This single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial enrolled adult TBI patients. Of 158 trauma patients assessed, 30 met the eligibility criteria and were randomly allocated in a one-to-one ratio to receive 1 g metformin every 12 h for five consecutive days (intervention group) or to usual management only (control group). For efficacy analysis, temporal profiles of serum levels of S100b, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assessed. For pharmacokinetic analysis, serum concentrations of metformin were evaluated in the intervention group. The two study groups were similar in terms of demographics, baseline clinical characteristics, and on-admission biomarkers' serum levels. Longitudinal analysis of S100b and NLR levels showed statistically significant declines in values toward normal levels in the intervention group (p values of < 0.001 and 0.030, respectively), different from the profiles of the control group (p values of 0.074 and 0.645, respectively). Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that metformin absorption is delayed in TBI patients. No events of hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis occurred. Metformin could potentially be an effective and safe therapeutic intervention in patients with severe TBI. Large-scale, multicentre studies are needed to confirm our encouraging results.
Test-retest reliability of PsyCheck: A mental health screening tool for substance use treatment clients
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 18-11-2013
Battle of the milky way: lymphatic targeted drug delivery for pathogen eradication
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
A New Perspective on Emerging Knowledge Translation Practices Comment on “Sustaining Knowledge Translation Practices: A Critical Interpretive Synthesis”
Publisher: Maad Rayan Publishing Company
Date: 19-11-2023
Abstract: The Critical Interpretive Synthesis by Borst and colleagues offered a new perspective on knowledge translation (KT) sustainability from the perspective of Science Technology Studies. From our applied health services perspective, we found several interesting ideas to bring forward. First, the idea that KT sustainability includes the ongoing activation of networks led to several future research questions. Second, while not entirely a new concept, understanding how KT actors work strategically and continuously with institutional rules and regulations to sustain KT practice was noteworthy. We add to the discussion by emphasizing the importance of non-researcher voices (clinicians, administrators, policymakers, patients, carers, public) in sustaining KT practice. We also remind readers that the health ecosystem is dynamic and interdependent, where one system level influences and is influenced by another, and that these constant adaptations suggest that understanding KT practices cannot be a one-off event but represent repeated moments for transformative learning.
Australian clinician attitudes towards contingency management: Comparing down under with America
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2006.08.011
Abstract: Contingency management (CM) is an efficacious treatment intervention. Research from the US indicates that clinicians have both positive and negative attitudes towards CM. Concerns about the practicalities of implementation and potential philosophical differences have been identified in American s les. To date, no research has examined Australian clinicians attitudes towards CM nor assessed the extent to which Australian clinicians share the concerns of American clinicians. The Provider Survey of Incentives was completed by 102 Australian drug and alcohol treatment providers. The survey assesses both positive and negative attitudes towards tangible and social incentives. Comparisons are made with published data on American s les. The proportion of respondents agreeing with positive opinions about CM in this Australian s le was lower than that reported in the American s le. The average percentage agreement for positive aspects of tangible rewards was 41% whereas the average percent agreement for social rewards was 51% indicating more positive views towards social rewards. Objections to CM were similar between the two s les, but American respondents more strongly agreed with the idea that it would not be right to give incentives when clients are still using drugs, whereas the Australian s le had much less difficulty with this concept. There appears to be broad support for CM from about half of the clinicians surveyed. The areas of concern were highly similar between the Australian s le and published American data. Many Australian clinicians expressed neutral views about CM, indicating that the environment may be ripe for implementation of programs.
Crack and cocaine use among female prostitutes in Glasgow: Risky business
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2005
What works in school-based alcohol education: A systematic review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-07-2016
Abstract: Considerable attention has been focused on the impact of young people’s alcohol use. To address this, schools often implement alcohol and drug education and there are many potential programmes to choose from. The aim of this study was to identify evidence-based alcohol education programmes for schools. A systematic review was undertaken of school-based programmes that targeted alcohol within a school setting and included at least one alcohol behaviour or knowledge change outcome. Six-hundred seventy-five abstracts were screened resulting in 454 studies assessed for eligibility, with 70 studies, evaluating 40 in idual programmes, included in the final review. Of the 40 programmes, 3 had good evidence of a positive effect. They included CLIMATE Schools (Australia), Project ALERT (USA) and All Stars (USA). Of the others, 4 showed some evidence of positive effect, 1 had no evidence of effect, 29 were inconclusive and 2 showed negative outcomes, such as increases in alcohol use. Although many programmes were evaluated, very few had sufficient evidence to be able to endorse their widespread implementation in schools. Three programmes included in the review had sufficient positive outcomes to be recommended for implementation, and four showed good outcomes in some areas. Schools should consider these results when deciding on introducing alcohol education. Overall, the evidence base is broad but relatively weak and further research is required, focusing on programmes identified as having good or potentially good outcomes.
Related Organisations
University Of Glasgow
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Related Funding Activities
Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP190101183
Start Date: 08-2021
End Date: 08-2024
Amount: $442,364.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity