ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4726-5527
Current Organisation
SA Pathology
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Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 15-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PEDI.13170
Abstract: To determine the relationship between periodontal disease and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and to characterize the ersity and composition of their oral microbiota. Cross-sectional study including children with type 1 diabetes recruited from clinics at the Women's and Children's Hospital (Australia). Participants had a comprehensive dental assessment, periodontal examination, and buccal and gingival s les collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. Seventy-seven participants (age 13.3 ± 2.6 years, 38 males, BMI z-score 0.81 ± 0.75) had a diabetes duration of 5.6 ± 3.9 years and median HbA1c of 8.5% (range 5.8-13.3), 69.4 mmol/mol (range 39.9-121.9). Thirty-eight (49%) had early markers of periodontal disease. HbA1c was positively correlated with plaque index (Rho = 0.34, P = 0.002), gingival index (Rho = 0.30, P = 0.009), bleeding on probing (Rho = 0.44, P = 0.0001) and periodontal pocket depth >3 mm (Rho = 0.21, P = 0.06). A 1% increase in HbA1c was independently associated with an average increase in bleeding on probing of 25% (P = 0.002) and with an increase in the rate of sites with pocket depth >3 mm of 54% (P = 0.003). Higher HbA1c was independently related to increased phylogenetic alpha ersity (P = 0.008) and increased compositional variation (beta ersity P = 0.02) in gingival, but not buccal, microbiota. Brushing frequency, plaque index, and gingival index had a significant effect on microbiota composition, independent of HbA1c. Children with type 1 diabetes showed a continuous relationship between less favorable glycemic control and increased early markers of periodontal disease. Glycemic control was also related to the complexity and richness of the plaque microbiota, with ersity increasing as HbA1c levels increase.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/REC.13175
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-01-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12903-022-02625-0
Abstract: Hyperlipidaemia may play a significant role in the interrelationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and periodontal disease. A potential mechanism that links these three aspects together is the oral microbiota. We wanted to determine if there is an association between hyperlipidaemia, periodontal disease, and the oral microbiota of children with T1D, as this has not yet been explored. In a post-hoc, cross-sectional study using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we explored links between oral bacterial ersity and composition of gingival swab s les from 72 children with T1D to periodontal risk factors and hyperlipidaemia status of first-degree relatives. While multiple periodontal risk factors were assessed, we used periodontal pocket depth of 3 mm to characterise periodontal risk. As periodontal pocket depth confounded the analysis of familial history of hyperlipidaemia, a multivariate analyses were performed (i.e., no periodontal risk markers in children with or without a family history of hyperlipidaemia were compared to counterparts who did not have periodontal risk markers) to examine linkages between these factors and ersity and composition of the microbiome. In participants with no periodontitis risk, children with a family history of dyslipidemia had different bacterial ersity and composition compared to those without a familar hisitory. In contrast, such differences did not exist in the children with periodontal risk, whether or not they had a family history of hyperlipidaemia. Co-occurrence networks showed that these differences in children with no periodontists risk were linked to the presence of fewer oral microbial networks, but more microbes linked to mature plaque structures. In contrast, children with periodontal risk markers, regardless of family history of hyperlipidaemia, contained co-occurrence networks that were associated with microbes linked to periodontal disease. In children diagnosed with T1D, our findings support an association between oral microbiota and two different exposure variables: familial history of hyperlipidaemia and periodontal risk factors.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2019
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 18-06-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.18.448749
Abstract: The planting and conservation of bio erse habitat in urban contexts has been proposed as a public health intervention aimed at reducing the prevalence of non-communicable diseases via microbiome rewilding (Mills et al. 2017 Mills et al. 2019). However, our understanding of the effect of urban bio ersity interventions on the human microbiota remains limited, especially on the skin (Hui et al. 2019 Roslund et al. 2020) and in the context of permanent green spaces (Lehtimäki et al. 2018 Selway et al. 2020). Here, we test the short-term response of experimentally disturbed bacterial communities on the skin of healthy children exposed to different school environments – either a ‘classroom’, a ‘sports field’, or a bio erse ‘forest’ – to understand how exposures to different types of bio ersity may influence skin microbiota. Children exposed to the ‘forest’ had significantly increased skin microbiota ersity when compared to pre-exposure, an effect that increased over three days suggesting long-term effects. The microbiota on children exposed to the ‘forest’ had the largest structural and compositional community change compared to children exposed to ‘sports fields’, which in turn was larger than those who remained in ‘classrooms’. Children exposed to ‘sports fields’ and ‘forests’ also acquired new core bacteria after exposure to green spaces, potentially buffering against disturbances to the skin microbiota’s ersity, while in iduals who remained in the ‘classroom’ lost microbes throughout the experiment. Overall, we conclude that urban green spaces can have an enriching influence on the ersity of skin microbiota, including core members shared between all children. These findings have important implications for the design and construction of new school yards and public spaces with respect to bio ersity, health, and human microbiota.
Publisher: Microbiology Society
Date: 27-01-2022
Abstract: Vegetation complexity is potentially important for urban green space designs aimed at fostering microbial bio ersity to benefit human health. Exposure to urban microbial bio ersity may influence human health outcomes via immune training and regulation. In this context, improving human exposure to microbiota via bio ersity-centric urban green space designs is an underused opportunity. There is currently little knowledge on the association between vegetation complexity (i.e. ersity and structure) and soil microbiota of urban green spaces. Here, we investigated the association between vegetation complexity and soil bacteria in urban green spaces in Bournemouth, UK Haikou, China and the City of Playford, Australia by sequencing the 16S rRNA V4 gene region of soil s les and assessing bacterial ersity. We characterized these green spaces as having ‘low’ or ‘high’ vegetation complexity and explored whether these two broad categories contained similar bacterial community compositions and ersity around the world. Within cities, we observed significantly different alpha and beta ersities between vegetation complexities however, these results varied between cities. Rare genera ( % relative abundance in idually, on average 35% relative abundance when pooled) were most likely to be significantly different in sequence abundance between vegetation complexities and therefore explained much of the differences in microbial communities observed. Overall, general associations exist between soil bacterial communities and vegetation complexity, although these are not consistent between cities. Therefore, more in-depth work is required to be done locally to derive practical actions to assist the conservation and restoration of microbial communities in urban areas.
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1029/2021PA004372
Abstract: Studies incorporating sedimentary ancient DNA ( sed aDNA) analyses to investigate paleo‐environments have increased considerably over the last few years, and the possibility of utilizing archived sediment cores from previous field c aigns could unlock an immense resource of s ling material for such paleo‐investigations. However, sed aDNA research is at a high risk of contamination by modern environmental DNA, as sub‐optimal sediment storage conditions may allow for contaminants (e.g., fungi) to grow and become dominant over preserved sed aDNA in the s le. Here, we test the feasibility of sed aDNA analysis applied to archive sediment material from five sites in the North Atlantic, collected between 1994 and 2013. We analyzed two s les (one younger and one older) per site using a metagenomic shotgun approach and were able to recover eukaryotic sed aDNA from all s les. We characterized the authenticity of each s le through sed aDNA fragment size and damage analyses, which allowed us to disentangle sed aDNA and contaminant DNA. Although we determined that contaminant sequences originated mainly from Ascomycota (fungi), most s les were dominated by Emiliania huxleyi , a haptophyte species that commonly blooms in the study region. We attribute the presence of contaminants to non‐ideal s ling and s le storage conditions of the investigated s les. Therefore, while we demonstrate that sed aDNA analysis of archival North Atlantic seafloor sediment s les are generally achievable, we stress the importance of best‐practice ship‐board s ling techniques and storage conditions to minimize contamination. We highly recommend the application of robust bioinformatic tools that help distinguish ancient genetic signals from modern contaminants, especially when working with archive material.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-01-2020
DOI: 10.1002/CJP2.151
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-06-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00248-022-02052-2
Abstract: Creating bio erse urban habitat has been proposed, with growing empirical support, as an intervention for increasing human microbial ersity and reducing associated diseases. However, ecological understanding of urban bio ersity interventions on human skin microbiota remains limited. Here, we experimentally test the hypotheses that disturbed skin microbiota recover better in outdoor schoolyard environments and that greater bio ersity provides a greater response. Repeating the experiment three times, we disturbed skin microbiota of fifty-seven healthy 10-to-11-year-old students with a skin swab (i.e., cleaning), then exposed them to one school environment—either a ‘classroom’ ( n = 20), ‘sports field’ ( n = 14), or bio erse ‘forest’ ( n = 23)—for 45 min. Another skin swab followed the exposure to compare ‘before’ and ‘after’ microbial communities. After 45 min, the disturbance immediately followed by outdoor exposure, especially the ‘forest’, had an enriching and ersifying effect on skin microbiota, while ‘classroom’ exposure homogenised inter-personal variability. Each effect compounded over consecutive days indicating longer-term exposure outcomes. The experimental disturbance also reduced the core skin microbiota, and only outdoor environments were able to replenish lost species richness to core membership ( n species 50% prevalent). Overall, we find that environmental setting, especially including bio ersity, is important in human microbiota recovery periods and that the outdoors provide resilience to skin communities. This work also has implications for the inclusion of short periods of outside or forest exposure in school scheduling. Future investigations of the health impacts of permanent urban bio ersity interventions are needed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
No related grants have been discovered for Caitlin Selway.