Mark Wiggins

Classification and Prediction of Pilot Weather Encounters: A Discriminant Function Analysis

Publisher: Aerospace Medical Association

Date: 05-2011

DOI: 10.3357/ASEM.2739.2011

Abstract: Flight into adverse weather continues to be a significant hazard for General Aviation (GA) pilots. Weather-related crashes have a significantly higher fatality rate than other GA crashes. Previous research has identified lack of situational awareness, risk perception, and risk tolerance as possible explanations for why pilots would continue into adverse weather. However, very little is known about the nature of these encounters or the differences between pilots who avoid adverse weather and those who do not. Visitors to a web site described an experience with adverse weather and completed a range of measures of personal characteristics. The resulting data from 364 pilots were carefully screened and subject to a discriminant function analysis. Two significant functions were found. The first, accounting for 69% of the variance, reflected measures of risk awareness and pilot judgment while the second differentiated pilots in terms of their experience levels. The variables measured in this study enabled us to correctly discriminate between the three groups of pilots considerably better (53% correct classifications) than would have been possible by chance (33% correct classifications). The implications of these findings for targeting safety interventions are discussed.

What can an echocardiographer see in briefly presented stimuli? Perceptual expertise in dynamic search

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-07-2020

DOI: 10.1186/S41235-020-00232-7

Abstract: Experts in medical image perception are able to detect abnormalities rapidly from medical images. This ability is likely due to enhanced pattern recognition on a global scale. However, the bulk of research in this domain has focused on static rather than dynamic images, so it remains unclear what level of information that can be extracted from these displays. This study was designed to examine the visual capabilities of echocardiographers—practitioners who provide information regarding cardiac integrity and functionality. In three experiments, echocardiographers and naïve participants completed an abnormality detection task that comprised movies presented on a range of durations, where half were abnormal. This was followed by an abnormality categorization task. Across all durations, the results showed that performance was high for detection, but less so for categorization, indicating that categorization was a more challenging task. Not surprisingly, echocardiographers outperformed naïve participants. Together, this suggests that echocardiographers have a finely tuned capability for cardiac dysfunction, and a great deal of visual information can be extracted during a global assessment, within a brief glance. No relationship was evident between experience and performance which suggests that other factors such as in idual differences need to be considered for future studies.

“Experience Isn’t Everything”: How Emotion Affects the Relationship Between Experience and Cue Utilization

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 04-04-2018

DOI: 10.1177/0018720818765800

Abstract: This research examined whether negative and positive arousal emotions modify the relationship between experience level and cue utilization among anesthetists. The capacity of a practitioner to form precise associations between clusters of features (e.g., symptoms) and events (e.g., diagnosis) and then act on them is known as cue utilization. A common assumption is that practice experience allows opportunities for cue acquisition and cue utilization. However, this relationship is often not borne out in research findings. This study investigates the role of emotional state in this relationship. An online tool (EXPERTise 2.0) was used to assess practitioner cue utilization for tasks relevant to anesthesia. The experience of positive and negative arousal emotions in the previous three days was measured, and emotion clusters were generated. Experience was measured as the composite of practice years and hours of practice experience. The moderating role of emotion on the relationship between experience and cue utilization was examined. Data on 125 anesthetists (36% female) were included in the analysis. The predicted interaction between arousal emotions and the experience level emerged. In particular, post hoc analyses revealed that anxiety-related emotions facilitated the likelihood of high cue utilization in less experienced practitioners. The findings suggest a role for emotions in cue use and suggest a functional role for normal range anxiety emotions in a simulated work-relevant task. This research illustrates the importance of understanding the potentially functional effects common negative arousal emotions may have on clinical performance, particularly for those with less experience.

The Impact of Breaks on Sustained Attention in a Simulated, Semi‐Automated Train Control Task

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-2017

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.3334

Cues and cue-based processing: Implications for system safety

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.PROENG.2014.10.409

Implicit perceptions of risk and anxiety and pilot involvement in hazardous events

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-2008

DOI: 10.1518/001872008X312350.

Static versus dynamic medical images: The role of cue utilization in diagnostic performance

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-08-2021

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.3861

Abstract: Echocardiographers can detect abnormalities accurately and rapidly from dynamic images. This is likely due to the application of cue‐based associations resident in memory, a process known as cue utilization. This study investigated whether cue utilization is associated with the ability to apply within‐domain capabilities (dynamic) to more degraded images (static). Fifty‐eight echocardiographers completed the echocardiography edition of the Expert Intensive Skills Evaluation 2.0 (EXPERTise 2.0) to establish behavioral indicators of within‐domain cue utilization. They also completed an abnormality detection and categorization task that comprised briefly presented static and moving images (50% abnormal). Behaviors consistent with higher cue utilization were associated with greater accuracy in detecting both static and dynamic images but not for categorization. This study provides important information about how experts who have the capacity to utilize cue‐based strategies can rapidly and accurately detect abnormalities from domain‐specific stimuli and generalize their skills to more challenging stimuli.

Heuristic-based information acquisition and decision making among pilots

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-2006

DOI: 10.1518/001872006779166325

Abstract: Objective: This research was designed to examine the impact of heuristic-based approaches to the acquisition of task-related information on the selection of an optimal alternative during simulated in-flight decision making. Background: The work integrated features of naturalistic and normative decision making and strategies of information acquisition within a computer-based, decision support framework. Method: The study comprised two phases, the first of which involved familiarizing pilots with three different heuristic-based strategies of information acquisition: frequency, elimination by aspects, and majority of confirming decisions. The second stage enabled participants to choose one of the three strategies of information acquisition to resolve a fourth (choice) scenario. Results: The results indicated that task-oriented experience, rather than the information acquisition strategies, predicted the selection of the optimal alternative. It was also evident that of the three strategies available, the elimination by aspects information acquisition strategy was preferred by most participants. Conclusion: It was concluded that task-oriented experience, rather than the process of information acquisition, predicted task accuracy during the decision-making task. It was also concluded that pilots have a preference for one particular approach to information acquisition. Application: Applications of outcomes of this research include the development of decision support systems that adapt to the information-processing capabilities and preferences of users.

Vigilance decrement during a simulated general aviation flight

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2011

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.1668

Cross-task cue utilisation and situational awareness in learning to manage a simulated rail control task

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2020.103216

Positive Affect Is Associated With Reduced Fixation in a Realistic Medical Simulation

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 02-2017

DOI: 10.1177/0018720817695191

Abstract: This study extends previous research by exploring the association between mood states (i.e., positive and negative affect) and fixation in practicing anesthetists using a realistic medical simulation. The impact of practitioner emotional states on fixation is a neglected area of research. Emerging evidence is demonstrating the role of positive affect in facilitating problem solving and innovation, with demonstrated implications for practitioner fixation. Twelve practicing anesthetists (4 females M Nonparametric correlations were used to explore the independent relationships between positive and negative affect and the behavioral measures. Only positive affect impacted the likelihood of fixation. Anesthetists who reported more frequent recent positive affect in the three days prior to the simulation and during the simulation tended to be less fixated as judged by independent raters, identified a decline in patient oxygen saturation more quickly, and more rapidly implemented the necessary intervention (surgical cricothyroidotomy). These findings have some real-world implications for positive affect in patient safety. This research has broad implications for professions where fixation may impair practice. This research suggests that professional training should teach practitioners to identify their emotions and understand the role of these emotions in fixation.

Improving pilots’ risk assessment skills in low-flying operations: The role of feedback and experience

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2006.03.006

Abstract: Risk assessment is one of the most important skills that pilots are expected to acquire to ensure the safe and successful management of flight. The traditional approach to the development of these skills requires pilots to directly engage with potentially hazardous events. Using low-flying as a context, the present study sought to test whether engagement with hazards in a simulated environment, together with feedback concerning performance, would improve pilots' risk assessment during a subsequent simulated test flight. The results indicated that engagement with the hazards, rather than the provision of feedback per se, was associated with behavior that reduced the risk to the aircraft, while maintaining operational performance. It was concluded that exposure to hazards within a simulated environment could provide the basis for the development of risk assessment skills amongst less experienced pilots.

A self-report critical incident assessment tool for army night vision goggle helicopter operations

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 04-2007

DOI: 10.1518/001872007X312441

Abstract: Objective: The present study sought to examine the utility of a self-report tool that was designed as a partial substitute for a face-to-face cognitive interview for critical incidents involving night vision goggles (NVGs). Background: The use of NVGs remains problematic within the military environment, as these devices have been identified as a factor in a significant proportion of aircraft accidents and incidents. The self-report tool was structured to identify some of the cognitive features of human performance that were associated with critical incidents involving NVGs. The tool incorporated a number of different levels of analysis, ranging from specific behavioral responses to broader cognitive constructs. Method: Reports were received from 30 active pilots within the Australian Army using the NVG Critical Incident Assessment Tool (NVGCIAT). Results: The results revealed a correspondence between specific types of NVG-related errors and elements of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS). In addition, uncertainty emerged as a significant factor associated with the critical incidents that were recalled by operators. Conclusion: These results were broadly consistent with previous research and provide some support for the utility of subjective assessment tools as a means of extracting critical incident-related data when face-to-face cognitive interviews are not possible. Application: In some circumstances, the NVGCIAT might be regarded as a substitute cognitive interview protocol with some level of diagnosticity.

Finding the right case: the role of predictive features in memory for aviation accidents

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-2008

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.1428

Remembrance of Cases Past: Who Remembers What, When Confronting Critical Flight Events?

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-2004

DOI: 10.1518/HFES.46.2.277.37333

Abstract: Recent “naturalistic” theories of decision making emphasize the role of stored prior experiences or cases as a guide to current action. However, there is little empirical evidence on the role that case-based remindings play in real-life decision making. The present study utilized a Web-based survey to collect data about the role of prior cases in pilot decision making about critical flight events. Results showed that more than half of the 1081 pilots who responded could provide details about utilizing a previous case in responding to a critical flight event. These events were most likely to involve weather or equipment failure. The cases were found to be useful in situational assessment rather than option evaluation. The use of cases increased with age and experience. Data obtained from a concurrent conventional survey showed broadly similar results. The implications of these results are that case-based remindings play an important role in expert pilot decision making and that a training system that incorporates case-based learning would be a potentially useful means of improving pilot decision making. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of case-based training systems to enhance flight training.

Risk tolerance and pilot involvement in hazardous events and flight into adverse weather

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSR.2008.05.009

Abstract: According to Lopes [Lopes, L.L. (1987). Between hope and fear: The psychology of risk. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 255-295] tolerance of risk may be governed by sensitivity to either the opportunities for gain or threats of loss involved. In the initial study, qualified pilots were presented with 36 written flight scenarios that varied in the levels of opportunity and threat present. The pilots rated the likelihood that they would undertake each flight. Pilots were largely risk averse, as their ratings were all significantly influenced by threat. The pilots whose ratings were significantly influenced by opportunity had been involved in more hazardous aviation incidents than the other pilots. In the final study, 32 qualified pilots completed both the risk tolerance measure and a simulated flight into adverse weather. The pilots who continued flying into adverse weather were less risk averse compared to the pilots who erted. This further highlighted the link between risk tolerance and risk-taking, and suggested that some pilots may fly into adverse weather because of a greater tolerance of risk. The studies provide evidence that a measure of risk tolerance can predict potential accident involvement amongst general aviation pilots.

Improving the accessibility of investigation reports using safety factor maps

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1177/1064804612463694

Abstract: Safety factor maps can provide a visual summary of the events associated with accidents and incidents. Because they employ conceptual mapping techniques, they enable both a hierarchical and temporal representation of the antecedents of an adverse event. We describe the development of safety factor maps and a strategy to assess both the reliability and the validity of the maps that are constructed. Our initial findings suggest that they have the potential to improve the accessibility of the outcomes of investigation reports.

Sensemaking through cue utilisation in disaster recovery project management

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPROMAN.2016.09.009

Explaining emergency physicians’ capacity to recover from interruptions

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2022.103857

Abstract: To assess whether the capacity to utilize cues amongst emergency physicians is associated with differences in the capacity to recover performance following an interruption. Interruptions are implicated in errors in emergency medicine due to the cognitive load that they impose on working memory, resulting in a loss of performance on the primary task. The utilization of cues is associated with a reduction in cognitive load during the performance of a task, thereby enabling the allocation of residual resources that mitigates the loss of performance following interruptions. Thirty-nine emergency physicians, recruited at a medical conference, completed an assessment of cue utilization (EXPERTise 2.0) and an online simulation (Septris) that involved the management of patients presenting with sepsis. During the simulation, physicians were interrupted and asked to check a medication order. Task performance was assessed using scores on Septris, with points awarded for the accurate management of patients. Emergency physicians with higher cue utilization recorded significantly higher scores on the simulation task following the interruption, compared to physicians with lower cue utilization (p = .028). The results confirm a relationship between cue utilization and the recovery of performance following an interruption. This is likely due to the advantages afforded by associated reductions in cognitive load. Assessments of cue utilization may assist in the development of interventions to support clinicians in interruptive environments.

Using iconic cues to recover from fixation on tablet devices in the cockpit

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1177/1541931214581072

Abstract: Tablet devices are increasingly used as electronic flight bags in general aviation. However, there are risks associated with the use of such devices in the aviation context, particularly if the pilot becomes fixated and loses situation awareness. The present study investigated the effectiveness of presenting iconic cues and generic icons on a tablet device interface as a means of reengaging pilots with aircraft flight systems following a failure. The results indicated that the participants were faster to respond to simulated aircraft failures when icons were associated with the cause of the failure, and slower when they were associated with a related aircraft indicator or with a generic event. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Are two-person checks more effective than one-person checks for safety critical tasks in high-consequence industries outside of healthcare?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2022.103906

Abstract: Double-checking has been used in high-consequence industries for decades. We aimed to determine the strength of the evidence-base regarding the effectiveness of double-checking which underpins its widespread adoption. We searched for quantitative studies of the effectiveness of two-person checking in industry sectors, excluding healthcare. We performed a systematic literature search across six databases and hand-searched key journals. We completed a narrative synthesis and quality assessment of the nine studies identified. Most studies were of fair quality. Two examined the use of two-person checks in aviation, three investigated tasks in chemical manufacturing, and four studies in psychology involved proofreading and visual search tasks. All studies found that the performance of two-people checking was not superior to that of one-person in detecting errors. Further research to compare the effectiveness of different checking processes along with factors which may support optimisation of safety checks in high-consequence industries is required.

Cognitive task analyses for decision centred design and training

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-1998

DOI: 10.1080/001401398186144

Abstract: This paper presents three case studies of Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) for defining systems design and training requirements. The approach taken involves a modification of the critical decision method of Klein et al. The authors utilized the revised CDM to obtain information from expert white-water rafting guides, general aviation pilots, and emergency ambulance dispatchers. The information obtained was used to develop multi-media tools for training rafting guides and general aviation pilots, and to redesign the VDU display requirements for the ambulance dispatchers. The ex les demonstrate the utility of an approach to CTA that is closely based on relevant theory, and provides guidance to practitioners wishing to apply CTA techniques.

Cognitive failure analysis for aircraft accident investigation

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 11-1994

DOI: 10.1080/00140139408964954

Cue Utilization Differentiates Performance in the Management of Interruptions

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 25-06-2020

DOI: 10.1177/0018720819855281

Abstract: To examine the role of cue utilization in the management of interruptions during a high workload, rail control simulation. High-risk, high-consequence environments are characterized by cognitively demanding, time-critical activities, in which operators are required to manage frequent interruptions under conditions of high workload. Interruptions are deleterious to performance as they impose excessive cognitive demand on limited working memory resources, thereby depleting residual resources for the primary task. Cue utilization may enable superior performance in managing interruptions through efficiencies gained by the application of implicit patterns stored in long-term memory. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, 46 university students undertook an assessment of cue utilization and subsequently engaged in a high workload, simulated rail control task while managing multiple interruptive tasks. Experiment 2 replicated and extended Experiment 1, wherein 52 university students completed a measure of cue utilization and engaged in a high workload, simulated rail control task while managing multiple interruptions and breaks. The analyses revealed that participants who demonstrated a greater capacity for cue utilization also demonstrated a reduced loss of performance following interruptions. The outcomes suggest a relationship between a greater capacity for cue utilization and superior performance in the management of interruptions in high workload conditions. Assessments of cue utilization may assist in the selection and training of operators in high-consequence, high-risk environments, to ensure efficient and accurate performance during the management of interruptions.

The development and validation of a short-duration sustained visual search task for process control environments

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2020.103302

User preference for a control-based reduced processing decision support interfacedecision support interface and porter

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 25-03-2010

DOI: 10.1080/10447310903575465

Postgraduate training in audiology improves clinicians’ audiology-related cue utilisation

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 25-05-2018

DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2018.1476782

Abstract: This study was designed to test whether cue utilisation might be employed as a tool to assess the diagnostic skills of audiologists. The utilisation of cues is a characteristic of expertise and critical for successful diagnoses in clinical settings. However, neither in training nor in practice, is there a means by which the diagnostic skills of audiologists can be assessed objectively and reliably. The study comprised a pre-post training evaluation, controlling for prior exposure to the diagnostic testing tool. Three cohorts of trainee audiologists were evaluated, one of which was tested prior to, and following a two-year training programme (16 participants), while the other two groups acted as controls (23 participants and 20 participants, respectively). Consistent with expectations, cue utilisation increased from the initial to the final stages of training and this effect could not be attributed to cohort nor learning effects. At an applied level, the outcomes provide the basis for a cue-based diagnostic assessment tool that can provide both trainee and practising audiologists with detailed feedback concerning their diagnostic skills.

Measuring expertise in weather-related aeronautical risk perception: The validity of the Cochran-Weiss-Shanteau (CWS) index

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 26-06-2009

DOI: 10.1080/10508410902979993

Cue utilisation reduces the impact of response bias in histopathology

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2021.103590

Prosodic cues that signal non-understandings to power control operators during radio communication

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2012

DOI: 10.1177/1071181312561049

Abstract: The readback/hearback procedure is a radio protocol implemented in many technical environments to minimize communication errors. This protocol requires the receiver of a verbal instruction to repeat or read back the instruction to the sender, allowing the sender to monitor and remedy any inaccuracies if required. Although this protocol ensures that the receiver has accurately heard the instruction, it does not ensure that the receiver has necessarily understood the instruction. Using a s le of Australian power control operators, the present research investigated whether the prosodic cues that listeners attend to when judging levels of uncertainty, are also used by power control operators when judging the degree to which a receiver has understood an instruction during a simulated readback/hearback radio exchange. Intonation, inter-turn delays and fillers were identified as important prosodic cues that allow listeners to detect different levels of understanding of a receiver during a readback response. The practical and theoretical implications of the outcomes are discussed.

Cross-task cue utilisation and situational awareness in simulated air traffic control

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2018.07.015

Abstract: To examine the role of cross-task cue utilisation in the acquisition of situational awareness during the initial stages of learning to operate an air traffic control simulation. Cue-based associations are an important component of situational awareness, a construct that is necessary for skilled process control, where the location, movement, and direction of multiple targets needs to be managed. However, the potential for high levels of situational awareness is difficult to assess in the absence of exposure. Previous research suggests that cross-task cue utilisation predicts the acquisition of feature-event associations that form the basis of situational awareness METHOD: Sixty university students undertook an assessment of cue utilisation in the context of motor vehicle driving and subsequently engaged in an air traffic control simulation task. During the air traffic control simulation task, situational awareness queries were introduced based on the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Test (SAGAT). The analyses revealed that participants who demonstrated relatively higher levels of cross-task cue utilisation also demonstrated greater performance on the SAGAT and achieved greater performance during the simulated air traffic control task. The outcomes suggest a relationship between cross-task cue utilisation and situational awareness, particularly at the initial stages of skill acquisition. Assessments of cross-task cue utilisation may be used to distinguish the propensity for prospective trainees to acquire the situational awareness necessary for complex, process control tasks such as air traffic control.

Pattern recognition as an indicator of diagnostic expertise

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-36530-0_1

Using reduced-processing training to improve decision efficiency among perfectionists

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-02-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S10111-021-00672-1

Characteristics of pilots who report deliberate versus inadvertent visual flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.SSCI.2011.10.010

The importance of intonation during perceptions of non-understanding during full and partial readback responses in radio communication

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1177/1541931214581081

Abstract: The readback/hearback protocol is a communicative procedure used to minimize the risk of communication errors over the radio or telephone in high-risk environments. This protocol requires the receiver of a verbal instruction to repeat or ‘read back’ the instruction to the sender to ensure it has been heard correctly. It is a common assumption that a correct readback confirms that a receiver has understood an instruction. However, an operator can accurately repeat an instruction while concealing their lack of understanding of the instruction. Previous research has highlighted the importance of intonation as a prosodic cue to aid in the detection of non-understandings during readback/hearback exchanges over the radio. As deviations from the standard readback procedure occur frequently, it is unclear whether intonation is equally as useful in the detection of non-understandings when contained within a partial readback response. Using an international s le of hydroelectric power generation operators, the current study assessed whether the use of a full readback leads to a greater perception that the receiver has understood the instruction compared to a partial readback. It also examined the utility of intonation during perceptions of non-understanding upon hearing a full readback versus partial readback response. The results indicated that full readback responses attracted a greater assumption of understanding compared to partial readback responses (but only for native English speakers), and that intonation was only used to detect non-understandings during partial readback responses that lacked the semantic information contained within a full readback. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.

Negative Consequences of Pressure on Marksmanship May be Offset by Early Training Exposure to Contextually Relevant Threat Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-04-2022

DOI: 10.1177/00187208211065907

Abstract: The purpose of this meta-analytic review is to examine the relationship between increased psychological pressure and Use of Force (UOF) behaviours, identifying current training methodologies and effectiveness of transfer of training interventions in high threat-simulated scenarios. Data from UOF performance within Law Enforcement indicates a low transfer of marksmanship training into real-world UOF, resulting in unnecessary damage to property, personal injury and increased risk to loss of life. This meta-analysis examines both the impact of increased pressure and current training interventions. A meta-analysis was conducted across a wide range of published research to answer the primary research questions. Increased levels of perceived pressure demonstrated an average decrease in marksmanship accuracy of 14.8%, together with a small increase in incorrect Decision Making (DM) and faster reaction Times (RT). Experience demonstrated a mitigating effect for pressure for marksmanship with a 1.1% increase for every one year of service but no effect on DM or RT. Training interventions utilizing a variety of early contextually relevant exposures to increased pressure improved performance over traditional training on average by 10.6%. The outcomes illustrate the negative effect of pressure on marksmanship and UOF behaviours, and that early exposure to contextually relevant pressure may increase the transfer of training to real-world performance. Occupational experience is an important component in reducing the impact of pressure on UOF performance, and transfer of training may be enhanced through training methodologies that combine early exposure to contextually relevant pressure, that may replicate the benefits of experience.

The role of cue utilisation in reducing the workload in a train control task

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 30-05-2017

DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1330494

Abstract: Skilled performance has been characterised, in part, by the capacity to accurately identify and respond to patterns as cues in the environment. The outcome is a reduction in cognitive load and a greater residual capacity to undertake concurrent tasks. The present study was designed to examine the relationship between cue utilisation and temporal pattern recognition in the context of a simulated, rail control task. Sixty-one university students undertook an assessment of cue utilisation and engaged in a rail control simulation. The appearance and movement of trains followed a consistent but implicit (undisclosed) pattern. Throughout the second half of the rail task, a secondary task was included. The results indicated that participants with relatively higher cue utilisation were more likely to identify the implicit pattern of rail movements, were more accurate and responded more rapidly under increased workload conditions. The results suggest that a propensity to identify patterns as cues may provide an opportunity to reduce cognitive demands, thereby facilitating performance in a novel task. Implications for selection and system design are discussed. Practitioner Summary: This study was designed to explain differences in the way in which people learn, particularly when tasks involve recurring patterns. Using simulated rail control, the results indicated that participants who display behaviour that is indicative of the utilisation of cues also recognise patterns in the movement of simulated trains. This enables them to manage trains more effectively, even while undertaking other tasks.

Cue utilization and skill acquisition for a line of sight UAV

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1177/1541931214581485

Abstract: This study was designed to establish whether a composite measure of driving-related cue utilization would predict learning performance in a line of sight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) simulator. The participants comprised 50 first year university students, all of whom were current drivers and lacked any prior UAV experience. Participants initially completed the driving version of the EXPERT Intensive Skills Evaluation (EXPERTise) to assess their level of cue utilization. They then engaged in two, 15 minute training blocks during which they were asked to practice respectively the take-off and landing phases of operation a UAV simulator. The number of trials to reach criterion (three successful trials in succession) and the proportion of successful trials within the 15 minute blocks comprised the dependent variables. The results indicated that cue utilization four measures of UAV skill acquisition. The implications of the study are discussed in the context of training and selection for line of sight UAV operators in the future.

Cue utilisation predicts control room operators' performance in a sustained visual search task

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 23-10-2020

DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1680873

Abstract: This research was designed to determine whether qualified practitioners' cue utilisation is predictive of their performance during a sustained visual search task in an operational context. Australian Distribution Network Service Provider (DNSP) operators were recruited for two experiments, and were classified with either higher or lower cue utilisation based on an assessment of cue utilisation within the context of power distribution. Operators' performance was assessed using a domain-related sustained visual search task. In both experiments, power distribution operators with higher cue utilisation demonstrated shorter mean response latencies during the sustained visual search task, compared to operators with lower cue utilisation. Further, no differences in accuracy based on cue utilisation were observed during the sustained visual search task. The results are consistent with the proposition that power operators with higher cue utilisation have a greater capacity to sustain visual search during domain-related tasks, compared to operators with lower cue utilisation.

Higher social cue utilisation improves communication, reduces perceived workload, and improves performance amongst ad hoc dyads in simulated rail control

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 30-10-2020

DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1680872

Abstract: The objective was to examine whether ad hoc dyads with different collective social cue utilisation would record differences in performance and perceptions of workload during a simulated rail control task that incorporated distinct levels of demand. The frequency of two types of communicative statements was also examined as mediating factors: closing the loop and informative responding. A quasi-experimental design was employed using 40 dyadic teams. The results indicated that ad hoc teams whose members comprised higher social cue utilisation recorded relatively faster response times and perceived lower levels of workload, and engaged in a greater frequency of communicative statements that involved 'closing the loop' and 'informative responses'. Social cue utilisation also exerted an indirect effect on perceived workload through informative responding. The outcomes have theoretical implications for models of ad hoc team performance, and practical implications for the selection and training of teams that operate on an ad hoc basis.

The effects of cue utilization and target-related information on target detection during a simulated drone search and rescue task

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.1177/1541931218621053

Abstract: Remotely piloted vehicles or ‘drones’ have become ubiquitous both privately and commercially. One of the numerous applications for drones involves the search and rescue for specified targets. The use of ‘cues’ during target detection has been shown to improve performance and reduce cognitive demands in many environments. This study examined the relationship between cue utilization and level of target detail during a high-fidelity simulated drone search and rescue task. Seventy-six undergraduate students from an Australian University operated a payload (long range camera) to detect a ‘target’ (a bus driver stranded in the Utah desert) while flying on a pre-programmed flight path. The results indicated that the provision of detailed target information was associated with greater rates of target detection. Further, participants with higher cue utilization were more likely to locate the target. Finally, participants with higher cue utilization, and provided with basic target information, were more likely to locate the target than participants with lower cue utilization. The practical and theoretical implications of the outcomes are discussed.

Measuring diagnostic skills through the utilization of cues

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1177/1541931214581488

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to outline a theoretical and empirical case for the role of cue utilization in the cognitive process of diagnosis. Drawing on theories of skill acquisition, the case is made that the utilization of cues represents a critical precursor to the progression toward expertise but that the acquisition and utilization of cues is dependent upon a repertoire of cases and exemplars that have been acquired during the progression from novice to competence. Cases and exemplars form the basis of a mental model from which cues, in the form or feature-event or feature-object relationships, can be identified and retained in memory. The implications of a more sophisticated understanding of the role of cue utilization in skill acquisition will provide the foundation for more effective and more efficient industrial training systems in the future.

A behaviour-based approach to the assessment of cue utilisation

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-05-2021

DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2020.1758828

Cue utilization predicts the impact of interruptions during a rail simulation task

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 11-2019

DOI: 10.1177/1071181319631081

Abstract: This study was designed to examine the role of cue utilization in the management of interruptions during a high workload, rail control simulation incorporating an implicit pattern of rail movement. The experiment required participants to manage frequent interruptive tasks while erting and logging the arrival of trains. Measures of response latency and accuracy in erting and logging the arrival of trains were recorded. Participants with lower cue utilization demonstrated a greater loss of performance following interruptions. These results provide support for the assertion that a relatively greater capacity for cue utilization is associated with superior performance in the management of interruptions during high workload tasks.

Utilization of prosodic and linguistic cues during perceptions of nonunderstandings in radio communication

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 10-10-2016

DOI: 10.1017/S014271641600031X

Abstract: The readback/hearback loop is a communicative protocol used in many high-risk environments to ensure that a verbal instruction has been heard correctly by a receiver. However, it does not necessarily ensure that an instruction has been understood . Using an international s le of hydroelectric power generation controllers, this study examined whether particular linguistic (complete and partial readbacks) and prosodic (final intonation, filler, and interturn delay) cues contained within a readback response could signal to listeners the extent to which speakers had understood an instruction. The results indicated that different prosodic cues are used to detect nonunderstandings, depending upon the linguistic content of the readback. The results have implications for training and system design in distributed environments.

Control room operators’ cue utilization predicts cognitive resource consumption during regular operational tasks

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 27-08-2019

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2019.01967

Differentiating Experience From Cue Utilization in Radiological Assessments

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-03-2020

DOI: 10.1177/0018720820902576

Abstract: This research was designed to examine the contribution of self-reported experience and cue utilization to diagnostic accuracy in the context of radiology. Within radiology, it is unclear how task-related experience contributes to the acquisition of associations between features with events in memory, or cues, and how they contribute to diagnostic performance. Data were collected from 18 trainees and 41 radiologists. The participants completed a radiology edition of the established cue utilization assessment tool EXPERTise 2.0, which provides a measure of cue utilization based on performance on a number of domain-specific tasks. The participants also completed a separate image interpretation task as an independent measure of diagnostic performance. Consistent with previous research, a k-means cluster analysis using the data from EXPERTise 2.0 delineated two groups, the pattern of centroids of which reflected higher and lower cue utilization. Controlling for years of experience, participants with higher cue utilization were more accurate on the image interpretation task compared to participants who demonstrated relatively lower cue utilization ( p = .01). This study provides support for the role of cue utilization in assessments of radiology images among qualified radiologists. Importantly, it also demonstrates that cue utilization and self-reported years of experience as a radiologist make independent contributions to performance on the radiological diagnostic task. Task-related experience, including training, needs to be structured to ensure that learners have the opportunity to acquire feature–event relationships and internalize these associations in the form of cues in memory.

Errors, Irregularities, and Misdirection: Cue Utilisation and Cognitive Reflection in the Diagnosis of Phishing Emails

Publisher: Australian Journal of Information Systems

Date: 05-2022

DOI: 10.3127/AJIS.V26I0.3615

Abstract: The study aimed to examine the role of, and potential interplay between, cue utilisation and cognitive reflection in email users’ ability to accurately (and efficiently) differentiate between phishing and genuine emails. 145 participants completed the Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT), a phishing diagnostic task, and the Expert Intensive Skill Evaluation (EXPERTise 2.0) battery, which provided a gauge of users’ cue utilisation in the domain. The results revealed an interaction between users’ cognitive utilisation and cue reflection, whereby users low in both facets performed significantly worse in diagnosing phishing emails than all other groups. Further, those participants with both higher cue utilisation and cognitive reflection took significantly longer to make their diagnosis. It is concluded that a high level of cognitive reflection was able to compensate for a lower level of cue utilisation, and vice versa. Participants reported using seven types of cue during diagnosis, however, there was no significant relationship between the types of cues used and users’ level of cue utilisation. Taken together, the findings have implications to the design of user-level interventions in relation to the identification of vulnerable users, as well as the need to consider training approaches that extend beyond the use of simple cue inventories.

Cue Utilization, Phishing Feature and Phishing Email Detection

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54455-3_5

The Effects of Cue Utilization and Cognitive Load in the Detection of Phishing Emails

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54455-3_4

Cue Utilization and Cognitive Load in Novel Task Performance

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 29-03-2016

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2016.00435

Cue Utilization Predicts Resource Allocation during Rail Control Simulations: A NIRS Study

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.1177/1541931218621165

Abstract: This study was designed to examine whether cue utilization differentiates performance and resource allocation during simulated monitoring and process control tasks. The experiment involved the completion of a 45-minute rail control simulation that required participants to re-route trains either infrequently (monitoring task) or periodically (process control task). Implicit patterns of train movement were incorporated into the rail control task. Measures of participants’ response latency, fixation rates and cerebral blood flow were taken. Participants with higher cue utilization demonstrated greater decreases in fixation rates, smaller changes in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex, and smaller increases in response latencies. The results provide support for the assertion that a relatively greater capacity for cue utilization is associated with the allocation of fewer cognitive resources during sustained attention tasks.

Cue utilization, perceptions, and experience in the interpretation of weather radar returns

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2018

DOI: 10.1177/1541931218621164

Abstract: This study was designed to examine the role of cue utilization, perceptions, and measures of operational experience in the interpretation of a scenario involving the interpretation of weather radar returns. A total of 47 qualified pilots completed EXPERTise 2.0, an online assessment of cue utilization in the context of weather radar systems. They also completed a scenario involving the interpretation of weather radar returns which required an assessment as to whether they could continue the flight safely in the absence of a change in track or altitude. Consistent with research in other domains, the results revealed a relationship between performance and cue utilization. No relationships were evident on the basis of flight experience nor the inclination to use or trust weather radar systems. The results provide the basis for a tool that might be employed to assess pilots’ cue utilization, thereby enabling more targeted approaches to pilot training and weather radar system design.

Cue utilisation reduces effort but increases arousal during a process control task

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2018.01.012

Abstract: Process control environments are characterised by rapid changes in work demands, the successful response to which is dependent upon the availability of cognitive resources. Since high cue utilisation is associated with a reduction in cognitive load and a consequent release of residual resources, it was hypothesised that participants with high cue utilisation would experience lower subjective arousal and lower physiological effort in response to increases in the work demands associated with a simulated rail control task. A total of 41 participants completed a 10 min, low work demand period, followed by a 10 min, high work demand condition. High cue utilisation was associated with a reduction in systolic blood pressure and the maintenance of sustained, superior performance in response to high work demands. However, an increase in subjective arousal was also evident. The outcomes have implications for the selection and assessment of operators of high reliability, dynamic, process control environments.

The Role of Cue Utilization and Cognitive Load in the Recognition of Phishing Emails

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 24-09-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FDATA.2020.546860

Cue-based processing capacity, cognitive load and the completion of simulated short-duration vigilance tasks in power transmission control

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-03-2014

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.3016

Validity and reliability of a virtual reality game in evaluating the projected frontal plane knee angle when landing from a drop vertical jump

Publisher: Human Kinetics

Date: 07-2018

DOI: 10.1123/JSR.2017-0264

Abstract: Objectives : To determine the validity and reliability of the peak frontal plane knee angle evaluated by a virtual reality (VR) netball game when landing from a drop vertical jump. Study Design : Laboratory. Methods : Forty participants performed 3 drop vertical jumps evaluated by 3-dimensional motion analysis and 3 drop vertical jumps evaluated by the VR game. Limits of agreement for the peak projected frontal plane knee angle and peak knee abduction were determined. Participants were given a consensus category of “above threshold” or “below threshold” based on a prespecified threshold angle of 9° during landing. Classification agreement was determined using kappa coefficient, and accuracy was determined using specificity and sensitivity. Ten participants returned 1 week later to determine intrarater reliability, standard error of the measure, and typical error. Results : The mean difference in detected frontal plane knee angle was 3.39° (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03° to 5.74°). Limits of agreement were −10.27° (95% CI, −14.36° to −6.19°) to 17.05° (95% CI, 12.97° to 21.14°). Substantial agreement, specificity, and sensitivity were observed for the threshold classification ( κ = .66 95% CI, .42 to .88 specificity = 0.96 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.0 and sensitivity = 0.75 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.95). The game exhibited acceptable reliability over time (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC 3,1 = .844), and error was approximately 2°. Conclusion : The VR game reliably evaluated a projected frontal plane knee angle. Although the knee angle detected by the VR game is strongly related to peak knee abduction, the accuracy of detecting the exact angle was limited. A threshold approach may be a more accurate approach for gaming technology to evaluate frontal plane knee angles when landing from a jump.

Expert and competent non-expert visual cues during simulated diagnosis in intensive care

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 26-08-2014

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2014.00949

Cough once for danger: Icons versus abstract warnings as informative alerts in civil aviation

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-2007

DOI: 10.1518/001872007X249929

Abstract: Objective: An experiment investigated the efficacy of auditory icons as warning signals in an aviation context. Background: Iconic signals, such as a cough to signal dangerous levels of carbon monoxide, convey information about the nature of an incident and alert the operator that there is a problem, whereas signals that are arbitrarily associated with a critical incident provide relatively less information. Warning recognition speed and accuracy are likely to be influenced by modality of presentation (visual, auditory, auditory + visual) and task demand (low, high). Methods: The 172 participants completed a computer-based training session and test task that involved responding to abstract or iconic auditory (1 s), visual, or auditory + visual warnings associated with seven critical incidents while performing low- and high-demand concurrent tasks. Results: Significantly fewer training trials were required to learn iconic warnings than abstract warnings. An advantage for iconic warnings persisted into the test phase, evident most consistently as greater warning recognition accuracy. The effect was observed in both high- and low-demand conditions. Auditory abstract warnings, in particular, elicited slow reaction times and poor accuracy. Conclusion: Associations between a small number of meaningful environmental sounds and critical incidents can be learned with ease relative to more abstract associations, although training is required and response times are relatively slow. Application: Sets of distinctive auditory iconic warnings can be designed to alert and inform pilots about non-time-pressured events. Potential applications of language-neutral icons as informative warnings include civil, commercial, and defense aircraft.

Fire fighting and emergency responding

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Date: 11-02-2020

DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198795872.013.28

Abstract: This chapter examines the study of expertise in the context of firefighting and emergency responding. The distinction is made between descriptive and experimental approaches, and the need to develop and validate a theoretical perspective that explains expertise in situations that are high dynamic, uncertain, and where the consequences of errors can be significant. Gaps in current knowledge are identified, including the mechanisms by which expertise is acquired and maintained, how it can be measured accurately and reliably, and how and when the capacity for expertise degrades over time and in absence of exposure to emergency conditions. The outcomes of existing research initiatives are discussed, with an emphasis on accurate and precise mental models that are acquired through active interaction within the operational environment. The role of cues and cue utilization are also considered as triggers to activate mental models. Future research directions that will ensure the development of a comprehensive understanding of the nature expertise in firefighting and emergency responding are proposed.

Understanding how pilots make weather-related decisions

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1301_5

The role of cue utilization in the detection of phishing emails

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2022.103887

Abstract: This study was designed to examine the roles of cue utilization, phishing features and time pressure in the detection of phishing emails. During two experiments, participants completed an email sorting task containing both phishing and genuine emails. Participants were allocated to either a high or low time pressure condition. Performance was assessed via detection sensitivity and response bias. Participants were classified with either higher or lower cue utilization and completed a measure of phishing knowledge. When participants were blind to the nature of the study (N = 191), participants with higher cue utilization were better able to discriminate phishing from genuine emails. However, they also recorded a stronger bias towards classifying emails as phishing, compared to participants with lower cue utilization. When notified of phishing base rates prior to the email sorting task (N = 191), participants with higher cue utilization were better able to discriminate phishing from genuine emails without recording an increase in rate of false alarms, compared to participants with lower cue utilization. Sensitivity increased with a reduction in time pressure, while response bias was influenced by the number of phishing-related features in each email. The outcomes support the proposition that cue-based processing of critical features is associated with an increase in the capacity of in iduals to discriminate phishing from genuine emails, above and beyond phishing-related knowledge. From an applied perspective, these outcomes suggest that cue-based training may be beneficial for improving detection of phishing emails.

Differences in situation assessments and prospective diagnoses of simulated weather radar returns amongst experienced pilots

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.ERGON.2013.08.006

The sensitivity of Cue utilization when learning to operate a visual line of sight multi-rotor remotely piloted aircraft

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.ERGON.2020.102953

Drivers’ cue utilization predicts cognitive resource consumption during a simulated driving scenario

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 13-11-2021

DOI: 10.1177/0018720819886765

Abstract: This study was designed to examine whether cue utilization differentiates drivers’ consumption of cognitive resources during a simulated driving task. Outcomes from previous research have demonstrated that a general capacity for cue utilization differentiates cognitive load during novel process control tasks. However, it was previously unclear whether similar results would be demonstrated during familiar operational tasks. Based on an assessment of cue utilization within a driving context, participants were classified into higher or lower cue utilization typologies. During a simulated driving task, cognitive load was assessed through changes against baseline in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex, through eye behavior metrics (fixation rates and fixation dispersion), and through driving performance (frequency of missed traffic signals and speed exceedances). Drivers with higher cue utilization recorded smaller mean fixation dispersions, smaller increases in cerebral oxygenation, and fewer missed traffic signals compared with drivers with lower cue utilization. These results suggest that compared with drivers with lower cue utilization, drivers with higher cue utilization experienced lower cognitive load during the simulated driving task while maintaining a higher level of performance. The results provide support for the assertion that, among qualified operators, a greater capacity for cue utilization is associated with lower cognitive load during operational tasks. Cue-based assessments of driving may be beneficial in predicting performance and assisting in targeted training for recently qualified and/or older drivers.

Polychronicity and Information Acquisition in Pilot Decision Making

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-2008

DOI: 10.1518/155534308X284381

Abstract: This study was designed to test an explanation of the in idual differences in the preference for heuristic-based information acquisition interfaces that were reported by Wiggins and Bollwerk (2006) in the context of a simulated in-flight decision task. The information acquisition interfaces were developed on the basis of three decision heuristics: elimination by aspects, frequency comparison, and majority of confirming dimensions. Forty-three pilots, with a mean age of 30, interacted with three information acquisition interfaces during familiarization scenarios and were subsequently asked to select their preferred interface to complete a fourth test scenario. The results indicated that the selection of a particular interface in the test scenario was related to factors other than polychronicity. However, polychronicity was associated with perceptions of the information acquisition interfaces and performance during the familiarization scenarios. The outcomes of the study are discussed in terms of their impact on the development of decision support systems.

Data sources and research tools for human factors

Publisher: CRC Press

Date: 22-11-2018

DOI: 10.1201/9781315116549

Weatherwise: Evaluation of a Cue-Based Training Approach for the Recognition of Deteriorating Weather Conditions during Flight

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 06-2003

DOI: 10.1518/HFES.45.2.337.27246

Abstract: Inappropriate and ineffective weather-related decision making continues to account for a significant proportion of general aviation fatalities in the United States and elsewhere. This study details the evaluation of a computer-based training system that was developed to provide visual pilots with the skills necessary to recognize and respond to the cues associated with deteriorating weather conditions during flight. A total of 66 pilots were assigned to one of two groups, and the evaluation process was undertaken at both a self-report and performance level. At the self-report level, the results suggested that pilots were more likely to use the cues following exposure to the training program. From a performance perspective, there is evidence to suggest that cue-based training can improve the timeliness of weather-related decision making during visual flight rules flight. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of computer-based training systems for fault diagnosis in complex industrial environments.

Interruptions versus breaks: The role of cue utilisation in a simulated process control task

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-11-2021

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.3766

Abstract: Although interruptions and breaks are similar insofar as they both offer a momentary recess from the primary task, the premise for the activity in which the operator engages differs. Interruptions impose the requirement to direct resources to complete a task, while breaks offer the opportunity for suspended goal rehearsal. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in resumption lags following “interruptions” and “breaks,” and whether cue utilisation moderates this relationship. Seventy‐nine university students completed an assessment of cue utilisation and managed scheduled and unscheduled interruptions and breaks during a 35‐min rail control simulation. The analyses revealed that participants who recorded higher cue utilisation recorded shorter resumption lags following scheduled, rather than unscheduled interruptions. Participants who recorded lower cue utilisation recorded shorter resumption lags following breaks compared to interruptions, irrespective of the administration. The results suggest that scheduled interruptions and breaks offer the opportunity for suspended goal rehearsal.

Can reduced processing decision support interfaces improve the decision-making of less-experienced incident commanders?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.DSS.2011.10.010

Introduction to human factors for organisational psychologists

Publisher: CRC Press

Date: 13-04-2022

DOI: 10.1201/9781003229858

Towards a cognition-based assessment protocol for user-centered design

Publisher: ACM

Date: 25-11-2013

DOI: 10.1145/2541016.2541079

The Role of social cue utilization and closing-the-loop communication in the performance of ad hoc dyads

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 15-03-2017

DOI: 10.1177/0018720817699512

Abstract: To examine whether social cue utilization impacts the performance of ad hoc dyads through its relationship with closing the loop, a communication process whereby team members respond more frequently to initiating statements made by others. There lacks unequivocal experimental evidence for any single cognitive-based process that might predict the performance of ad hoc teams. Using a quasi-experimental design, 80 participants were classified into 40 dyads based on their levels of social cue utilization and attempted a team problem-solving task. A serial mediation model revealed an indirect effect of social cue utilization on the performance of ad hoc dyads through closing the loop. Analyses indicated that social cue utilization impacts on the performance of ad hoc dyads independently of nonverbal reasoning ability and emotional intelligence. Further, the level of social cue utilization within dyads exhibits a positive indirect impact on the performance of ad hoc dyads through closing the loop. Ad hoc dyads with higher levels of social cue utilization engaged in a greater frequency of closing-the-loop statements and showed better subsequent performance on a problem-solving task in comparison to dyads with lower levels of social cue utilization. Potential applications include the optimization of ad hoc team composition within high reliability environments like aviation and power control as well as improving training interventions with a specific mechanism for improving the performance of ad hoc teams.

An Objective Approach to Identifying Diagnostic Expertise Among Power System Controllers

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 28-06-2012

DOI: 10.1177/0018720812450911

Abstract: The present study investigated whether performance across a range of cue-based cognitive tasks differentiated the diagnostic performance of power control operators into three distinct groups, characteristic of novice, competence, and expertise. Despite its increasing importance in the contemporary workplace, there is little understanding of the cognitive processes that distinguish novice, competent, and expert performance in the context of remote diagnosis. However, recent evidence suggests that cue acquisition and utilization may represent a mechanism by which the transition from novice to expertise occurs. The study involved the application of four distinct cue-based tasks within the context of power system control. A total of 65 controllers, encompassing a range of industry experience, completed the tasks as part of an in-service training program. Using a cluster analysis, it was possible to extract three distinct groups of operators on the basis of their performance in the cue-based tasks, and these groups corresponded to differences in diagnostic performance. The results indicate assessments of the capacity to extract and utilize cues were able to distinguish expert from competent practitioners in the context of power control. Assessments of the capacity to extract and utilize cues may be used in the future to distinguish expert from nonexpert practitioners, particularly in the context of remote diagnosis.

Technical and social cue utilization in expert football coaches.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 02-2020

DOI: 10.1037/SPY0000170

Associations between double-checking and medication administration errors

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 07-08-2021

DOI: 10.1136/BMJQS-2020-011473

Abstract: Double-checking the administration of medications has been standard practice in paediatric hospitals around the world for decades. While the practice is widespread, evidence of its effectiveness in reducing errors or harm is scarce. To measure the association between double-checking, and the occurrence and potential severity of medication administration errors (MAEs) check duration and factors associated with double-checking adherence. Direct observational study of 298 nurses, administering 5140 medication doses to 1523 patients, across nine wards, in a paediatric hospital. Independent observers recorded details of administrations and double-checking (independent primed—one nurse shares information which may influence the checking nurse incomplete or none) in real time during weekdays and weekends between 07:00 and 22:00. Observational medication data were compared with patients’ medical records by a reviewer (blinded to checking-status), to identify MAEs. MAEs were rated for potential severity. Observations included administrations where double-checking was mandated, or optional. Multivariable regression examined the association between double-checking, MAEs and potential severity and factors associated with policy adherence. For 3563 administrations double-checking was mandated. Of these, 36 (1·0%) received independent double-checks, 3296 (92·5%) primed and 231 (6·5%) no/incomplete double-checks. For 1577 administrations double-checking was not mandatory, but in 26·3% (n=416) nurses chose to double-check. Where double-checking was mandated there was no significant association between double-checking and MAEs (OR 0·89 (0·65–1·21) p=0·44), or potential MAE severity (OR 0·86 (0·65–1·15) p=0·31). Where double-checking was not mandated, but performed, MAEs were less likely to occur (OR 0·71 (0·54–0·95) p=0·02) and had lower potential severity (OR 0·75 (0·57–0·99) p=0·04). Each double-check took an average of 6·4 min (107 hours/1000 administrations). Compliance with mandated double-checking was very high, but rarely independent. Primed double-checking was highly prevalent but compared with single-checking conferred no benefit in terms of reduced errors or severity. Our findings raise questions about if, when and how double-checking policies deliver safety benefits and warrant the considerable resource investments required in modern clinical settings.

Operators who readily acquire patterns and cues, risk being miscued in routinized settings.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 06-2018

DOI: 10.1037/XAP0000151

Abstract: The detection of critical cues is a hallmark of expert performance, and in high-risk settings, it can prevent serious incidents. A sensitivity to cues and a proclivity to rapidly acquire patterns during routinized tasks, however, can miscue performance when these patterns change. In the present study, 75 university students undertook an assessment of cue utilization and engaged in a 24-min rail control simulation. The rail control task involved monitoring with periodic interventions to reroute trains, according to a train-track matching rule. A hidden pattern in the sequencing of trains presented an opportunity to predict train movements and reduce the workload. This pattern was programmed to abruptly change 3 times during the rail task. Based on the response latency performance of participants and their detection of the rail task pattern (verbal descriptions), the results suggested that in iduals who are sensitive to cues and who also detect patterns of dynamic stimuli (following limited exposure) experience a relatively greater risk of misapplying rules or misdiagnosing situations in routinized environments when stimuli change. Following a temporary decline in performance, however, if there are continued pattern changes, the performance of these in iduals will remain unaffected. The implications are discussed for training and system design. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Role of Cue-Based Strategies in Skilled Diagnosis Among Pathologists

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 13-02-2021

DOI: 10.1177/0018720821990160

Abstract: This research was designed to test whether behavioral indicators of pathology-related cue utilization were associated with performance on a diagnostic task. Across many domains, including pathology, successful diagnosis depends on pattern recognition that is supported by associations in memory in the form of cues. Previous studies have focused on the specific information or knowledge on which medical image expertise relies. The target in this study is the more general ability to identify and interpret relevant information. Data were collected from 54 histopathologists in both conference and online settings. The participants completed a pathology edition of the Expert Intensive Skills Evaluation 2.0 (EXPERTise 2.0) to establish behavioral indicators of context-related cue utilization. They also completed a separate diagnostic task designed to examine related diagnostic skills. Behavioral indicators of higher or lower cue utilization were based on the participants’ performance across five tasks. Accounting for the number of cases reported per year, higher cue utilization was associated with greater accuracy on the diagnostic task. A post hoc analysis suggested that higher cue utilization may be associated with a greater capacity to recognize low prevalence cases. This study provides support for the role of cue utilization in the development and maintenance of skilled diagnosis amongst pathologists. Pathologist training needs to be structured to ensure that learners have the opportunity to form cue-based strategies and associations in memory, especially for less commonly seen diseases.

Optimising the future of technology in organisations: A human factors perspective

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 18-05-2020

DOI: 10.1177/0312896220918915

Abstract: New technologies are critical for sustained economic growth in contemporary organisations. However, the success of new technologies is dependent upon the relationship with users. Using a human factors framework, this article examines contemporary approaches to the assessment of human–technology interactions, highlighting the lack of integration and the need for a comprehensive approach that considers user contributions, including skills, capabilities and dispositions technological contributions, including dependencies, reliability, complexity, and accuracy and organisational contributions through training assessment, organisational climate and culture, and leadership. The successful integration of new technologies in the workplace is likely to lead to a more productive and enjoyable interaction for employees and customers, together with systems that are more resilient to the complexities and threats that are likely to emerge in the future work environment. JEL Classification: J28, L15, D23, D24

Limitations of skill generalization beyond training

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 10-2006

DOI: 10.1177/154193120605002503

Abstract: Using low-flying as a context, this study was designed to investigate whether risk assessment skills acquired during training would transfer to novel tasks when participants were provided with a reminder as to the similarities between the training flight and a test flight. Forty-five pilots were recruited and were allocated randomly to one of three groups: Hint, no hint, or control. Each pilot completed a training flight in the first week, followed by two test flights in the second week. The test flights required pilots to descend to complete the tasks, and the dependent variable, in each case, was the minimum altitude to which they descended. The results indicated that those pilots who received the reminder maintained a higher mean minimum altitude than those pilots who did not receive the reminder. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for the transfer of training in applied environments.

General Self-Efficacy and Psychological Resilience Promote Skill Acquisition Rate Under Psychological Pressure

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1017/ORP.2017.3

Abstract: This study extends the limited body of research exploring the association between psychological resources and performance under pressure. It was anticipated that participants’ general self-efficacy and resilience would positively influence skill acquisition rate more under high pressure, than low pressure. Eighty-one undergraduate students ( M age = 22.93 SD = 7.53 50.6% female) participated in a learning task: to fly a flight simulator. The within-subjects variable was the participant's ability to steadily control the aircraft roll across six trials. Psychological pressure was manipulated between-subjects and general self-efficacy and resilience were measured moderator variables. Findings indicated that under high pressure, higher levels of general self-efficacy and perceived resilience predicted faster initial skill acquisition compared to those with lower levels of these resources. In contrast, in the low-pressure condition, the skill acquisition rate was the same irrespective of psychological resources. This research highlights the importance of psychological resources in pressured training contexts.

Expert, intermediate and novice performance during simulated pre-flight decision-making

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1080/00049530412331312744

Individual differences in echocardiography: Visual object recognition ability predicts cue utilization

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 31-07-2020

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.3711

The role of conscientiousness and cue utilisation in the detection of phishing emails in controlled and naturalistic settings

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 05-07-2023

DOI: 10.1080/0144929X.2023.2230307

Building a transdisciplinary expert consensus on the cognitive drivers of performance under pressure: An international multi-panel Delphi study

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 18-01-2023

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2022.1017675

Abstract: The ability to perform optimally under pressure is critical across many occupations, including the military, first responders, and competitive sport. Despite recognition that such performance depends on a range of cognitive factors, how common these factors are across performance domains remains unclear. The current study sought to integrate existing knowledge in the performance field in the form of a transdisciplinary expert consensus on the cognitive mechanisms that underlie performance under pressure. International experts were recruited from four performance domains [(i) Defense (ii) Competitive Sport (iii) Civilian High-stakes and (iv) Performance Neuroscience]. Experts rated constructs from the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework (and several expert-suggested constructs) across successive rounds, until all constructs reached consensus for inclusion or were eliminated. Finally, included constructs were ranked for their relative importance. Sixty-eight experts completed the first Delphi round, with 94% of experts retained by the end of the Delphi process. The following 10 constructs reached consensus across all four panels (in order of overall ranking): (1) Attention (2) Cognitive Control—Performance Monitoring (3) Arousal and Regulatory Systems—Arousal (4) Cognitive Control—Goal Selection, Updating, Representation, and Maintenance (5) Cognitive Control—Response Selection and Inhibition/Suppression (6) Working memory—Flexible Updating (7) Working memory—Active Maintenance (8) Perception and Understanding of Self—Self-knowledge (9) Working memory—Interference Control, and (10) Expert-suggested—Shifting. Our results identify a set of transdisciplinary neuroscience-informed constructs, validated through expert consensus. This expert consensus is critical to standardizing cognitive assessment and informing mechanism-targeted interventions in the broader field of human performance optimization.

Cue utilization and pool lifeguarding

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSR.2023.04.006

The capability of static and dynamic features to distinguish competent from genuinely expert practitioners in pediatric diagnosis

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 05-06-2013

DOI: 10.1177/0018720812448475

Abstract: The authors describe the development of a new, more objective method of distinguishing experienced competent nonexpert from expert practitioners within pediatric intensive care. Expert performance involves the acquisition and use of refined feature-event associations (cues) in the operational environment. Competent nonexperts, although experienced, possess rudimentary cue associations in memory. Thus, they cannot respond as efficiently or as reliably as their expert counterparts, particularly when key diagnostic information is unavail- able, such as that provided by dynamic cues. This study involved the application of four distinct tasks in which the use of relevant cues could be expected to increase both the accuracy and the efficiency of diagnostic performance. These tasks included both static and dynamic stimuli that were varied systematically. A total of 50 experienced pediatric intensive staff took part in the study. The s le clustered into two levels across the tasks: Participants who performed at a consistently high level throughout the four tasks were labeled experts, and participants who performed at a lower level throughout the tasks were labeled competent nonexperts. The groups differed in their responses to the diagnostic scenarios presented in two of the tasks and their ability to maintain performance in the absence of dynamic features. Experienced pediatricians can be decomposed into two groups on the basis of their capacity to acquire and use cues these groups differ in their diagnostic accuracy and in their ability to maintain performance in the absence of dynamic features. The tasks may be used to identify practitioners who are failing to acquire expertise at a rate consistent with their experience, position, or training. This information may be used to guide targeted training efforts.

Situational and personal characteristics associated with adverse weather encounters by pilots

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.AAP.2010.08.007

Abstract: Weather conditions are significant hazards impacting the safe and efficient operation of aircraft. In this study, a large number of pilots were surveyed regarding weather events, and the circumstances associated with those events. Pilots completed a web-based questionnaire containing demographic questions, a risk perception scale, a hazardous events scale, and a pilot judgment scale. The pilots who reported a flight in which they penetrated weather without authorization or were concerned about the weather also completed 53 questions regarding their weather encounter. Usable data were obtained for 364 participants: 144 who reported flying into weather, 114 who experienced a flight on which weather was a concern, and 106 who reported no flights on which weather was entered or was a major concern. Significant differences were evident between the three groups on the measures of pilot judgment, personal minimums, and hazardous events where pilots flying into weather recorded the poorest scores (least conservative minimums, most hazardous events, and poorest judgment). Significant differences were also noted between the two weather groups for a number of circumstances surrounding the events. Compared to the in-weather group, pilots in the near-weather group had acquired greater instrument hours, were older, and were more likely to have an instrument rating. Their aircraft were more likely to have an autopilot. More pilots in the in-weather group (28%) reported that they would be much more careful in the future regarding weather, compared to 17% of the near-weather group. The study provides data not previously obtained on both the situational and personal characteristics that are related to involvement in different degrees of weather-related encounters. These data should promote a better understanding of these in iduals and the situations in which they are involved, and should inform future research and intervention efforts.

Response to a phishing attack: persuasion and protection motivation in an organizational context

Publisher: Emerald

Date: 09-08-2021

DOI: 10.1108/ICS-02-2021-0021

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of cybersecurity threat and efficacy upon click-through, response to a phishing attack: persuasion and protection motivation in an organizational context. In a simulated field trial conducted in a financial institute, via PhishMe, employees were randomly sent one of five possible emails using a set persuasion strategy. Participants were then invited to complete an online survey to identify possible protective factors associated with clicking and reporting behavior ( N = 2,918). The items of interest included perceived threat severity, threat susceptibility, response efficacy and personal efficacy. The results indicate that response behaviors vary significantly across different persuasion strategies. Perceptions of threat susceptibility increased the likelihood of reporting behavior beyond clicking behavior. Threat susceptibility and organizational response efficacy were also associated with increased odds of not responding to the simulated phishing email attack. This study again highlights human susceptibility to phishing attacks in the presence of social engineering strategies. The results suggest heightened awareness of phishing threats and responsibility to personal cybersecurity are key to ensuring secure business environments. The authors extend existing phishing literature by investigating not only click-through behavior, but also no-response and reporting behaviors. Furthermore, the authors observed the relative effectiveness of persuasion strategies used in phishing emails as they compete to manipulate unsafe email behavior.

Cue utilization differentiates resource allocation during sustained attention simulated rail control tasks.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 09-2019

DOI: 10.1037/XAP0000204

Abstract: This study was designed to examine whether cue utilization differentiates performance and resource allocation during simulated rail control tasks that contain implicit patterns of train movement. Two experiments were conducted, the first of which involved the completion of a 30-min rail control simulation that required participants to reroute trains either infrequently (monitoring task) or periodically (process control task). In the monitoring condition, participants with lower cue utilization recorded a greater increase in response latency over time. However, in the process control condition, cue utilization failed to differentiate performance. In the second experiment, the duration of the rail control task was increased, and measures of participant fixation rates and cerebral blood flow were taken. Participants with higher cue utilization demonstrated greater decreases in fixation rates, smaller changes in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex, and smaller increases in response latencies, compared with participants with lower cue utilization. The results of the study provide support for the assertion that a relatively greater capacity for cue utilization is associated with the allocation of fewer cognitive resources during sustained attention tasks that embody an implicit pattern of activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Recent experience and performance during a critical in‐flight event

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-2022

DOI: 10.1002/ACP.4013

Abstract: The aim of this study was to test, amongst less experienced pilots, the relationship between the recency of flight experience and performance during a critical in‐flight event. It was hypothesised that, in response to an engine failure, recent flight experience would be associated with a superior level of aircraft control, decreased cognitive load, and a successful landing at an alternate destination. Pilots completed a simulated flight during which an engine failure occurred. The weather conditions and proximity to the alternate were designed to enable a power‐off landing. The results revealed a relationship between recent flight experience and landing at the alternate, although no relationship was evident with aircraft control. Objective, rather than subjective levels of cognitive load tended to covary with landing successfully at the alternate. The outcomes provide support for the role of recent flight experience in enabling successful responses to critical in‐flight events, particularly amongst less experienced pilots.

The role of cue utilisation and adaptive interface design in the management of skilled performance in operations control

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 14-09-2014

DOI: 10.1080/1463922X.2012.724725

Psychological effects of classroom noise on early childhood teachers

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2006

DOI: 10.1007/BF03216841

Differentiating Cognitive Complexity and Cognitive Load in High and Low Demand Flight Simulation Tasks

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16940-8_7

Measuring relative cue strength as a means of validating an inventory of expert offender profiling cues

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 26-09-2013

DOI: 10.1177/1555343412459192

Abstract: Cues have been identified as important precursors to successful diagnoses among expert practitioners. However, current approaches to the identification of expert cues typically rely on subjective methods, making the validity of cues difficult to establish. The present research examined the utility of a Paired-Concept Association Task (P-CAT) as a basis for discriminating expert and novice cue activation in the context of offender profiling. Three studies are reported: 1A employed a cognitive interview for the acquisition of cue-based concepts used by experts and novices 1B presented pairs of concepts as part of the P-CAT, which recorded response latency and, 1C employed a survey to further gauge participants’ perceptions of the concepts. The results revealed differences between experts and novices in the cue-based associations activated, and in the response latencies associated with the P-CAT, across expertise. The P-CAT accurately discriminated expert from novice cue activation and consequently offers a new method for objectively validating expert cue use.

Expert and Novice Pilot Perceptions of Static In-Flight Images of Weather

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 04-2003

DOI: 10.1207/S15327108IJAP1302_05

Perceived GPS use and weather-related decision strategies among pilots

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 18-06-2007

DOI: 10.1080/10508410701341593

A skills-based approach to training aeronautical decisionmaking

Publisher: Routledge

Date: 13-12-1993

DOI: 10.4324/9780429463273-34

Trait-based cue Utilization and initial skill acquisition: implications for models of the progression to expertise

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 03-06-2014

DOI: 10.3389/FPSYG.2014.00541

Utility of Expert Cue Exposure as a Mechanism to Improve Decision-Making Performance Among Novice Criminal Investigators

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 23-01-2018

DOI: 10.1177/1555343417746570

Abstract: The research tested whether systematic exposure to expert-identified cues would improve novice criminal investigators’ cue recognition and, in turn, decision making. Two studies are reported, the first of which was a pre- to postexposure assessment of 20 novices’ cue recognition. This involved testing novices’ recognition (accuracy and latency) of pairings of text-based labels (elicited via cognitive task analyses with subject matter experts) prior to and following an exposure phase. The results revealed statistically significant improvements in comparison with a control group. In the second study, an assessment of 36 novices’ decision-making performance was undertaken prior to and following cue-based exposure (either expert or control cues). Participants engaged one of two decision tasks, which varied in the level of decision support offered: high (i.e., most pertinent features were highlighted for users) or low (i.e., features were naturally “embedded” in the task environment). Although participants receiving expert cue exposure demonstrated improvements in decision-making efficiency, advances in accuracy could be established only where a high level of support was offered. It was concluded that expert cue exposure can offer opportunities for learner development however, a combination of exposure programs and decision support systems offers the greatest potential in improving the situation assessment skills of less experienced investigators.

The Potential Role of Context-Related Exposure in Explaining Differences in Water Safety Cue Utilization

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 02-01-2019

DOI: 10.1177/0018720818814299

Abstract: To examine whether differences in water safety–related cue utilization might be associated with differences in exposure to water-related recreational contexts. A disproportionate number of incidents of drowning were attributable to recent visitors to New South Wales in the 2016–2017 summer swimming season. This was due to their assumed lack of exposure to the water-related recreational settings in which Australians engage and therefore, the absence of cues that are associated with danger. In Study 1, the water safety cue utilization of 101 Australian residents and 328 recent visitors to the country was compared using the Expert Intensive Skills Evaluation (EXPERTise 2.0) program. Accounting for differences between the s les, Australian residents demonstrated significantly superior water safety cue utilization. In Study 2, the water safety cue utilization of a s le of 219 Australian residents was examined, the outcomes of which indicated that those participants who learned to swim before the age of 11 years demonstrated superior water safety cue utilization to participants who learned to swim at a later age. Overall, the results suggest that there are in idual differences in water safety cue utilization that are explained, in part, by differences in country of residence and the age at which participants first learned to swim. Water safety cue utilization is likely to be dependent upon exposure to water-related activities. Identifying in idual differences enables the development of more targeted, drowning-prevention strategies.

Commentary on the Article by Turner: Cultural Complexity in Pilot Selection

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-04-2014

DOI: 10.1080/10508414.2014.892766

Cognitive engineering

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-10-2013

DOI: 10.1002/WCS.1204

Abstract: Cognitive engineering is the application of cognitive psychology and related disciplines to the design and operation of human-machine systems. Cognitive engineering combines both detailed and close study of the human worker in the actual work context and the study of the worker in more controlled environments. Cognitive engineering combines multiple methods and perspectives to achieve the goal of improved system performance. Given the origins of experimental psychology itself in issues regarding the design of human-machine systems, cognitive engineering is a core, or fundamental, discipline within academic psychology. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:17-31. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1204 CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors declare no conflict of interest. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

Social Engineering and Organisational Dependencies in Phishing Attacks

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29381-9_35

Cue utilisation is partially related to performance on an urban operations course but not experience

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2023.104024

Prosodic Cues Used During Perceptions of Nonunderstandings in Radio Communication

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-05-2013

DOI: 10.1111/JCOM.12033

Cue-utilisation typologies and pilots' pre-flight and in-flight weather decision-making

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.SSCI.2014.01.006

Higher cue utilization in driving supports improved driving performance and more effective visual search behaviors

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSR.2019.09.008

Abstract: Once qualified, drivers rarely receive objective feedback concerning their performance. This is especially the case in the context of cognitive skills such as situation assessment. The aim of this study was to test the construct validity of an online assessment of motor-vehicle driver cue utilization that forms the foundation for situation assessment. Seventy-one undergraduate Psychology students with broadly comparable driving experience completed a motor-vehicle driving version of EXPERTise 2.0, an online tool that enables inferences concerning the utilization of cues based on responses to task-related stimuli. They also completed a simulated driving task while fitted with an eye tracking device, during which a range of hazards were presented with participants' responses recorded. The results indicated that higher cue utilization was associated with fewer driving errors and collisions, fewer visual fixations, and fewer saccades in comparison to participants with lower cue utilization. The results provide support for the construct validity of EXPERTise 2.0 as an effective measure of cue utilization in the context of driving. Providing comparative feedback to drivers concerning their development of situation assessment skills may provide opportunities for further training and development, thereby reducing the likelihood of motor-vehicle accidents.

The role of cues in expert project manager sensemaking

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 29-04-2016

DOI: 10.1080/01446193.2016.1177190

The predictive utility of cue utilization and spatial aptitude in small Visual Line-Of-Sight rotary-wing Remotely Piloted Aircraft operations

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.ERGON.2017.05.014

Cue utilization and broad indicators of workplace expertise

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 26-07-2014

DOI: 10.1177/1555343413497019

Abstract: Where occupational performance outcomes are difficult to measure, there is a tendency to associate expertise with years of experience and/or previous occupational position. Although useful, these indicators represent composite constructs that embody a number of different variables, only some of which may be strongly associated with the transition to expertise. In identifying an alternative measure of expertise, it is necessary to consider the cognitive processes associated with expert performance, in particular, the role of cue utilization. The present study, conducted in the context of software engineering, was designed to test the relationship between cue utilization and self, peer, and error management indicators of expertise. The results indicated that participants who exhibited relatively higher levels of cue utilization were significantly more likely to self-report engaging in behaviors associated with expert decision making, to be nominated as an expert by their peers, and to demonstrate superior error management when developing solutions to development problems.

The relationship between domain-relevant and abstract assessments of diagnostic reasoning ability

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2011

DOI: 10.1177/1071181311551193

The relationship between pre-flight decision-making and cue utilization

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 09-2012

DOI: 10.1177/1071181312561492

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between measures of cue utilization and decision selection in the context of pre-flight decision-making. Fifty one licensed pilots participated in an on-line assessment of cue utilization using the program EXPERTise. The results revealed a relationship between cue utilization and decision selection in a pre-flight decision scenario. Overall, the results suggest a role for assessments of cue utilization in the evaluation of pilots’ capacity for effective weather-related decision-making.

Virtual reality lifeguarding scenarios as a potential training solution for pool lifeguards

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2023

DOI: 10.1016/J.APERGO.2022.103954

The application of reduced-processing decision support systems to facilitate the acquisition of decision-making skills

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 29-11-2013

DOI: 10.1177/0018720812467367

Abstract: The study was designed to examine whether the availability of reduced-processing decision support system interfaces could improve the decision making of inexperienced personnel in the context of firefighting. Although research into reduced-processing decision support systems has demonstrated benefits in minimizing cognitive load, these benefits have not typically translated into direct improvements in decision accuracy because of the tendency for inexperienced personnel to focus on less-critical information. The authors investigated whether reduced-processing interfaces that direct users’ attention toward the most critical cues for decision making can produce improvements in decision-making performance. Novice participants made incident command-related decisions in experimental conditions that differed according to the amount of information that was available within the interface, the level of control that they could exert over the presentation of information, and whether they had received decision training. The results revealed that despite receiving training, participants improved in decision accuracy only when they were provided with an interface that restricted information access to the most critical cues. It was concluded that an interface that restricts information access to only the most critical cues in the scenario can facilitate improvements in decision performance. Decision support system interfaces that encourage the processing of the most critical cues have the potential to improve the accuracy and timeliness of decisions made by inexperienced personnel.

University Of Otago

Location: New Zealand

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Macquarie University

Location: Australia

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Enhancing Lifeguard Performance: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Start Date: 2016

End Date: 2018

Funder: Australian Research Council

Cue Acquisition As A Mediator Of Cognitive Skills Development

Start Date: 2008

End Date: 2011

Funder: Australian Research Council

Perception And Action In Auditory Scenes (PAAS): Neural, Behavioural, Computational And Mechanical Systems

Start Date: 2003

End Date: 2003

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0664862

Start Date: 01-2006

End Date: 07-2009

Amount: $174,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP160101803

Start Date: 08-2017

End Date: 04-2023

Amount: $280,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0455275

Start Date: 12-2004

End Date: 07-2008

Amount: $100,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP130102129

Start Date: 2013

End Date: 12-2015

Amount: $236,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP170101780

Start Date: 2017

End Date: 12-2022

Amount: $397,500.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP130100023

Start Date: 03-2014

End Date: 12-2016

Amount: $296,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0884006

Start Date: 07-2008

End Date: 05-2013

Amount: $220,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP230101607

Start Date: 2023

End Date: 12-2025

Amount: $503,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP160100211

Start Date: 12-2016

End Date: 05-2021

Amount: $362,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP180100425

Start Date: 02-2018

End Date: 12-2021

Amount: $418,768.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Special Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354596

Start Date: 01-2004

End Date: 11-2004

Amount: $20,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council