ORCID Profile
0000-0002-3761-9953
Current Organisation
University of Adelaide
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/IDH.12234
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are highly prevalent among Indigenous Australian adults. Untreated periodontitis impacts glycaemic control in people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to report on the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control among people with obesity. This subgroup analysis is limited to 62 participants with diabetes from the original 273 Aboriginal Australian adults enrolled into the PerioCardio study. Intervention participants received full-mouth non-surgical periodontal scaling during a single, untimed session while controls were untreated. Endpoints of interest included change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reactive protein (CRP) and periodontal status at 3 months post-intervention. There were more females randomized to the treatment group (n = 17) than control (n = 10) while the control group had a higher overall body mass index (BMI) [mean (SD)] 33.1 (9.7 kg m Non-surgical periodontal therapy did not significantly reduce glycated haemoglobin in participants with type 2 diabetes. Reasons are likely to be multifactorial and may be influenced by persistent periodontal inflammation at the follow-up appointments. Alternatively, the BMI of study participants may impact glycaemic control via alternative mechanisms involving the interplay between inflammation and adiposity meaning HbA1c may not be amenable to periodontal therapy in these in iduals.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2014.02.015
Abstract: Inflammation is a key pathogenetic factor in atherogenesis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory source which can have systemic impacts. Indigenous Australians have a higher prevalence of periodontal disease and experience cardiovascular disease earlier than non-Indigenous Australians. The aim was to describe the association between severity of periodontal inflammatory disease and measures of arterial structure and function. Periodontal disease in a convenience s le of Indigenous Australians was assessed clinically for those with periodontal disease, the extent of periodontal pockets ≥ 4 mm was stratified into quartiles. Vascular health was measured non-invasively via carotid-dorsalis pedis pulse-wave velocity (PWV), and via B-mode ultrasound of the common carotid intima-media (IMT). Non-fasting blood s les were collected for lipid and inflammatory marker evaluation. Linear regression models were constructed to determine the associations between extent of periodontal pocketing and vascular health, adjusting for traditional cardiovascular common risk factors. 273 Indigenous Australian adults were recruited and complete data was available for 269 participants (154 males), median age 39 years. Arterial stiffness (PWV) significantly increased with increasing extent of periodontal pocketing (p trend=0.001). By contrast, carotid IMT did not differ across quartiles. Periodontal pocketing was associated with central arterial stiffness, a marker of presymptomatic arterial dysfunction, in Indigenous Australian adults with periodontal disease.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-01-2022
Abstract: Though current evidence suggests that racial–ethnic inequities in dental caries persist over time and across space, their magnitude is currently unknown from a global perspective. This systematic review aims to quantify the magnitude of racial/ethnic inequities in dental caries and to deconstruct the different taxonomies/concepts/methods used for racial/ethnic categorization across different populations/nations. This review has been registered in PROSPERO CRD42021282771. An electronic search of all relevant databases will be conducted until December 2021 for both published and unpublished literature. Studies will be eligible if they include data on the prevalence or severity of dental caries assessed by the decayed, missing, filled teeth index (DMFT), according to indicators of race-ethnicity. A narrative synthesis of included studies and a random-effects meta-analysis will be conducted. Forest plots will be constructed to assess the difference in effect size for the occurrence of dental caries. Study quality will be determined via the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and the GRADE approach will be used for assessing the quality of evidence. This systematic review will enhance knowledge of the magnitude of racial/ethnic inequities in dental caries globally by providing important benchmark data on which to base interventions to mitigate the problem and to visualize the effects of racism on oral health.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-06-2020
Abstract: Oral health inequalities reflect social injustice. This is because oral health simultaneously reflects material circumstances, access to health services and inequities across the life course. Oral health inequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations are among the largest in the world. This paper provides a critical commentary on Indigenous oral health inequalities at an international level based on existing literature and policies. We include the role of systematic and institutionalized racism and how this enables the persistence and flourishing of Indigenous oral health inequalities. We discuss theoretical frameworks—including Shiffman and Smith’s Political Power Framework—that underpin the power constructs that contribute to those. This theory posits that power is exercised in four ways: (i) the power of ideas (ii) the power of the issue (iii) the power of the actors and (iv) the power of the political context. We will demonstrate, using ex les of Indigenous oral health inequalities from several countries, how intervening at key leverage points, acting simultaneously on multiple subsystems and counteracting the social determinants of health are crucial strategies for ameliorating Indigenous oral health inequalities at a global level.
Publisher: Ubiquity Press, Ltd.
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2011
Abstract: Indigenous Australians experience an overwhelming burden of chronic disease, including cardiovascular diseases. Periodontal disease (inflammation of the tissues surrounding teeth) is also widespread, and may contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases via pathogenic inflammatory pathways. This study will assess measures of vascular health and inflammation in Indigenous Australian adults with periodontal disease, and determine if intensive periodontal therapy improves these measures over a 12 month follow-up. The aims of the study are: (i) to determine whether there is a dose response relationship between extent and severity of periodontal disease and measures of vascular health and inflammation among Indigenous Australian adults with moderate to severe periodontal disease and (ii) to determine the effects of periodontal treatment on changes in measures of vascular health and inflammation in a cohort of Indigenous Australians. This study will be a randomised, controlled trial, with predominantly blinded assessment of outcome measures and blinded statistical analysis. All participants will receive the periodontal intervention benefits (with the intervention delayed 12 months in participants who are randomised to the control arm). Participants will be Indigenous adults aged ≥25 years from urban centres within the Top End of the Northern Territory, Australia. Participants assessed to have moderate or severe periodontal disease will be randomised to the study's intervention or control arm. The intervention involves intensive removal of subgingival and supragingival calculus and plaque biofilm by scaling and root-planing. Study visits at baseline, 3 and 12 months, will incorporate questionnaires, non-fasting blood and urine s les, body measurements, blood pressure, periodontal assessment and non-invasive measures of vascular health (pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness). Primary outcome measures are pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness. The study will assess the periodontal-cardiovascular disease relationship among Indigenous Australian adults with periodontal disease, and the effectiveness of an intervention aimed at improving periodontal and cardiovascular health. Efforts to understand and improve Indigenous oral health and cardiovascular risk may serve as an important means of reducing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous health in Australia. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12610000817044
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/NEP.13225
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure is increasing globally and evidence from observational studies suggest periodontal disease may contribute to kidney functional decline. Electronic searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were conducted for the purposes of conducting a systematic review. Hand searching of reference lists was also performed. Meta-analysis of observational studies involving periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease in adults was performed. A total of 17 studies was selected from an initial 4055 abstracts. Pooled estimates indicated the odds of having CKD were 60% higher among patients with periodontitis: pooled OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.44-1.79, I Moderate evidence for a positive association between periodontitis and CKD exists. Evidence for the opposite direction is extremely weak based on significant heterogeneity between studies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1744-1609.2010.00171.X
Abstract: For many years an association between the low bone density of osteoporosis and increased risk of periodontal bone loss has been suspected. In this review the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal disease is considered. For this narrative review a very broad search strategy of the literature was developed using both PubMed and Scopus databases using the search words "perio" and "osteoporosis". The reference lists from the selected papers were also scanned and this provided an additional source of papers for inclusion. The inclusion/exclusion criteria, were also quite liberal with only those papers dealing with bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws, osteoporosis in edentulous in iduals, as well as those not written in English being excluded. The data available suggest that reduced bone mineral density is a shared risk factor for periodontitis rather than a causal factor. However, more prospective studies are required to fully determine what, if any, relationship truly exists between periodontitis and reduced bone mineral density. More prospective studies are required to determine what, if any, relationships exist between periodontal disease and reduced bone mineral density.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JCPE.13037
Abstract: To comprehensively review, identify and critically assess the performance of models predicting the incidence and progression of periodontitis. Electronic searches of the MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, DOSS, Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest databases, and hand searching of reference lists and citations were conducted. No date or language restrictions were used. The Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies checklist was followed when extracting data and appraising the selected studies. Of the 2,560 records, five studies with 12 prediction models and three risk assessment studies were included. The prediction models showed great heterogeneity precluding meta-analysis. Eight criteria were identified for periodontitis incidence and progression. Four models from one study examined the incidence, while others assessed progression. Age, smoking and diabetes status were common predictors used in modelling. Only two studies reported external validation. Predictive performance of the models (discrimination and calibration) was unable to be fully assessed or compared quantitatively. Nevertheless, most models had "good" ability to discriminate between people at risk for periodontitis. Existing predictive modelling approaches were identified. However, no studies followed the recommended methodology, and almost all models were characterized by a generally poor level of reporting.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 1994
DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.23637
Abstract: Nearly all Indigenous populations today suffer from worse health than their non-Indigenous counterparts, and despite interventions against known factors, this health "gap" has not improved. The human microbiome-the beneficial, erse microbial communities that live on and within the human body-is a crucial component in developing and maintaining normal physiological health. Disrupting this ecosystem has repercussions for microbial functionality, and thus, human health. In this article, we propose that modern-day Indigenous population health may suffer from disrupted microbial ecosystems as a consequence of historical colonialism. Colonialism may have interrupted the established relationships between the environment, traditional lifeways, and microbiomes, altering the Indigenous microbiome with detrimental health consequences.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-08-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS10081582
Abstract: Our systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of periodontal interventions on the ersity and composition of periodontal microbiota assessed by high throughput sequencing (HTS) metagenomics analysis. An electronic search was conducted from database inception to November 2021. All clinical trials that evaluated the effect of periodontal interventions on the gingival microbiota through HTS were selected. The measures of alpha ersity, richness, Shannon ersity index, and the Chao1 index, were used as the primary outcome, whereas relative abundances of bacterial genera were considered as the secondary outcome. Overall, 24 studies were eligible for the systematic review, of which 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Periodontal intervention for the test group decreased Shannon ersity, richness, and Chao1 index (alpha ersity), as observed from baseline to post-treatment. The most common genera that increased after periodontal therapy were Rothia, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Hemophilus, whilst Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Fusobacterium, and Treponema decreased after periodontal therapy. Periodontal interventions may decrease the bacterial ersity and richness and alter the composition of oral microbiota in the short term. Periodontal microbiota signatures could potentially be used for the assessment of periodontal disease development, progression, and success of the intervention.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-02-2014
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12135
Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the caries experience and severity of periodontal disease in a convenience s le of Indigenous Australians living in the Northern Territory. Data were gathered via self-reported questionnaire and dental examination by calibrated examiners. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared with data from the 2011 Australian census while prevalence of periodontal disease and dental caries was compared against weighted estimates from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-2006. In each comparison, non-overlapping 95% confidence intervals inferred a significant difference. Within-study comparisons were assessed via chi-square, t-tests and analysis of variance for differences among study participants. A total of 312 Indigenous Australian participants provided completed data (average age 39.5 ± 10.5 years, 174 males). Of these, 87.5% were confirmed periodontitis cases 3.5 times that of national-level estimates. The experience of untreated caries was five times that of national estimates (mean decayed 3.0 versus 0.6). Periodontitis case status was positively associated with older age, male gender and presence of diabetes. Periodontal disease and untreated caries were significantly more prevalent in this s le of Indigenous Australians compared to the general Australian population. The prevalence of periodontal disease was markedly higher than that previously described for Indigenous Australians.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/ADJ.12256
Abstract: Few studies have examined dental caries experience in Aboriginal adults. The objectives of this study were to describe the dental caries experience of some Aboriginal Australian adults residing in the Northern Territory, and to determine associations with dental caries experience. A convenience s le of Aboriginal adults from Australia's Northern Territory was dentally examined. Self-reported oral health information was collected through a questionnaire. Data were available for 312 participants. The per cent of untreated decayed teeth (per cent DT >0) was 77.9 (95% CI 73.0 to 82.1), the mean DT was 3.0 (95% CI 2.6 to 3.4), the prevalence of any caries experience (the per cent DMFT >0) was 95.5 (95% CI 92.6 to 97.3) and the mean DMFT was 9.7 (95% CI 8.9 to 10.5). In multivariable analyses, unemployment and not brushing teeth the previous day were associated with the per cent DT >0. Problem-based dental attendance was associated with both the mean DT and the per cent DMFT >0. Older age, residing in the capital city, being non-incarcerated, last visiting a dentist <1 year ago and problem-based dental attendance were associated with the mean DMFT. Dental caries experience among this convenience s le of Aboriginal Australian adults was very high. Most factors associated with dental caries were social determinants or dental service access-related.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JRE.12942
Abstract: The prevalence of periodontal disease varies considerably between Indigenous and general populations. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of periodontal disease among Indigenous populations in comparison with non-Indigenous populations. A systematic electronic search of databases and grey literature sources was conducted of all records through to February 2021. Study selection criteria included original data that reported the prevalence of periodontal diseases among an Indigenous population and compared with a non-Indigenous population, without any restriction on age, sex, language or geographical location. Critical appraisal was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool for prevalence studies. A random-effects model using standardised mean difference (SMD) as the effect measure was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of periodontitis. Subgroup analysis of study location and publication source was also performed. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test, and funnel plots were used for visualisation. A total of 19 articles were included for descriptive and meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of periodontitis was 35% (95% CI: 0.18, 0.52) higher among the Indigenous population than the non-Indigenous population. The pooled prevalence of periodontitis was consistently higher among the Indigenous populations when stratified according to periodontitis definition employed, study location and publication source. Indigenous populations have a higher prevalence of periodontitis than non-Indigenous populations. To decrease oral health inequities, more emphasis should be given to oral health promotion and specific culturally safe interventions working in partnership with Indigenous populations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1111/JCPE.12152
Abstract: Simplified periodontal therapy might be a pragmatic strategy for public health programmes targeting Indigenous Australian adults. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate oral health effects of single-visit, non-surgical periodontal therapy compared to no treatment. This parallel-group, randomized, open label clinical trial enrolled 273 Indigenous Australians aged ≥18 years with periodontitis. Intervention participants received full-mouth periodontal scaling and root planing during a single visit while the control group received no treatment. Endpoints were summary variables derived from clinical assessments of probing depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque, calculus and gingival bleeding before treatment and 3 months later. Endpoints could be calculated for 169 participants with follow-up data. Compared to the control group, there were statistically significant reductions in extent of shallow pockets: PD ≥4 mm (mean difference -2.86, [95% CI -5.01 to -0.71], p = 0.009) and gingival bleeding (mean difference -0.25, [95% CI -0.43 to -0.08], p = 0.005) but not deeper pockets PD ≥5 mm (mean difference -0.48, [95% CI -1.78 to 0.82], p = 0.468) or plaque scores. Periodontal therapy produced improvements in shallow periodontal pockets and measures of gingival bleeding in these Indigenous Australians.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03359
Abstract: Observational studies and nonrandomized trials support an association between periodontal disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease. Both diseases occur frequently in Aboriginal Australians. We hypothesized that nonsurgical periodontal therapy would improve measures of arterial function and structure that are subclinical indicators of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This parallel-group, randomized, open label clinical trial enrolled 273 Aboriginal Australians aged ≥18 years with periodontitis. Intervention participants received full-mouth periodontal scaling during a single visit, whereas controls received no treatment. Prespecified primary end points measured 12-month change in carotid intima-media thickness, an indicator of arterial structure, and 3- and 12-month change in pulse wave velocity, an indicator of arterial function. ANCOVA used complete case data to evaluate treatment group differences. End points could be calculated for 169 participants with follow-up data at 3 months and 168 participants at 12 months. Intima-media thickness decreased significantly after 12 months in the intervention group (mean reduction=−0.023 [95% confidence interval {CI}, −0.038 to −0.008] mm) but not in the control group (mean increase=0.002 [95% CI, −0.017 to 0.022] mm). The difference in intima-media thickness change between treatment groups was statistically significant (−0.026 [95% CI, −0.048 to −0.003] mm P =0.03). In contrast, there were no significant differences between treatment groups in pulse wave velocity at 3 months (mean difference, 0.06 [95% CI, −0.17 to 0.29] m/s P =0.594) or 12 months (mean difference, 0.21 [95% CI, −0.01 to 0.43] m/s P =0.062). Periodontal therapy reduced subclinical arterial thickness but not function in Aboriginal Australians with periodontal disease, suggesting periodontal disease and atherosclerosis are significantly associated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.ULTRASMEDBIO.2012.05.004
Abstract: The recently discovered longitudinal displacement of the common carotid arterial wall (i.e., the motion along the same plane as the blood flow), may be associated with incident cardiovascular events and represents a novel and relevant clinical information. At present, there have only been a few studies that have been conducted to investigate this longitudinal movement. We propose here a method to assess noninvasively the wall bi-dimensional (two-dimensional [2-D], cross-sectional and longitudinal) motion and present an original approach that combines a robust speckle tracking scheme to guidance by minimal path contours segmentation. Our method is well suited to large clinical population studies as it does not necessitate strong imaging prerequisites. The aim of this study is to describe the association between the longitudinal displacement of the carotid arterial wall and cardiovascular risk factors, among which periodontal disease. Some 126 Indigenous Australians with periodontal disease, an emerging risk factor, and 27 healthy age- and sex-matched non-indigenous control subjects had high-resolution ultrasound scans of the common carotid artery. Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial wall 2-D motion were then assessed using our method in ultrasound B-mode sequences. Carotid longitudinal displacement was markedly lower in the periodontal disease group than the control group (geometric mean (IQR): 0.15 mm (0.13) vs. 0.42 mm (0.30), respectively p < 0.0001), independent of cardiovascular risk factors, cross-sectional distensibility and carotid intima-media thickness (p < 0.0001). A multivariable model indicated that the strongest correlates of carotid longitudinal displacement in adults with periodontal disease were age (β-coefficient = -.235, p = .03), waist (β-coefficient = -.357, p = 0.001), and pulse pressure (β-coefficient = .175, p = 0.07), independent of other cardiovascular risk factors, cross-sectional distensibility and pulse wave velocity. Carotid longitudinal displacement, estimated with our approach, is impaired in the periodontal disease group, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors and other noninvasive measures of arterial stiffness, and may represent an important marker of cardiovascular risk.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JPHD.12080
Abstract: This study sought to: a) estimate the frequency of poor self-rated oral health as assessed by a summary measure b) compare frequency according to sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychological distress factors and (3) determine if psychological distress was associated with poor self-rated oral health after adjusting for confounding. Data were from a convenience s le of Indigenous Australian adults (n = 289) residing in Australia's Northern Territory. Poor self-rated oral health was defined as reported experience of toothache, poor dental appearance or food avoidance in the last 12 months. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate socio-demographic, behavioral, and psychological distress associations with poor self-rated oral health (SROH). Effects were quantified as odds ratios (OR). The frequency of poor SROH was 73.7 percent. High psychological distress, measured by a Kessler-6 score ≥8, was experienced by 33.9 percent of participants. Poor SROH was associated with high levels of psychological distress, being older, being female, and usually visiting a dentist because of a problem. In the multivariable model, factors that were significantly associated with poor SROH after adjustment for other covariates included having a high level of psychological distress (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.25-6.00), being female (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.03-4.78), and usually visiting a dentist because of a problem (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.89-6.76). Poor self-rated oral health and high levels of psychological distress were both highly frequent among this vulnerable population. Psychological distress was significantly associated with poor self-rated oral health after adjustment for confounding.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-09-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JPHD.12080
Abstract: This study sought to: a) estimate the frequency of poor self-rated oral health as assessed by a summary measure b) compare frequency according to sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychological distress factors and (3) determine if psychological distress was associated with poor self-rated oral health after adjusting for confounding. Data were from a convenience s le of Indigenous Australian adults (n = 289) residing in Australia's Northern Territory. Poor self-rated oral health was defined as reported experience of toothache, poor dental appearance or food avoidance in the last 12 months. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate socio-demographic, behavioral, and psychological distress associations with poor self-rated oral health (SROH). Effects were quantified as odds ratios (OR). The frequency of poor SROH was 73.7 percent. High psychological distress, measured by a Kessler-6 score ≥8, was experienced by 33.9 percent of participants. Poor SROH was associated with high levels of psychological distress, being older, being female, and usually visiting a dentist because of a problem. In the multivariable model, factors that were significantly associated with poor SROH after adjustment for other covariates included having a high level of psychological distress (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.25-6.00), being female (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.03-4.78), and usually visiting a dentist because of a problem (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.89-6.76). Poor self-rated oral health and high levels of psychological distress were both highly frequent among this vulnerable population. Psychological distress was significantly associated with poor self-rated oral health after adjustment for confounding.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-02-2023
Abstract: Background: Indigenous South Australians carry a disproportionate burden of dental diseases, with approximately 80 percent of Indigenous adults having both periodontal disease and dental caries. The chronic inflammatory nature of many dental conditions means there are widespread systemic impacts, particularly on type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. Evidence suggests there are barriers experienced by Indigenous South Australians in accessing timely and culturally safe dental care. This study aims to: (1) elicit the views of Indigenous South Australians regarding their perspectives of what comprises culturally safe dental care (2) provide such dental care and (3) assess any changes in both oral and general health using point-of-care testing following receipt of timely, comprehensive and culturally safe dental care. Methods/Design: This mixed-methods study will involve qualitative interviews and an intervention without randomisation. The qualitative component will comprise seeking perspectives of Indigenous South Australians regarding what culturally safe dental care means for them. For the intervention component, participants will take part in oral epidemiological examinations at baseline and 12-month follow-up (after receipt of dental care), which will include collection of saliva, plaque and calculus, as well as completion of a self-report questionnaire. The primary outcome measures—changes in type 2 diabetes (HbA1c), cardiovascular disease (CRP) and chronic kidney disease (ACR)—will be obtained by blood/urine spot from a finger prick/urine collection at baseline and 12-month follow-up via point-of-care testing. Results: Participant recruitment will commence in July 2022. The first results are expected to be submitted for publication one year after recruitment begins. Discussion: The project will have a number of important outcomes, including increased understanding of what culturally safe dental care means for Indigenous South Australians, the delivery of such care, and empirical evidence of how culturally safe dental care leads to better prognosis for chronic diseases linked with poor oral health. This will be important for health services planning, especially in the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation sector, where the management of dental diseases in a culturally safe manner for better chronic disease outcomes is currently insufficiently understood, planned and budgeted for.
No related grants have been discovered for Kostas Kapellas.