ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5441-7253
Current Organisation
Australian National University
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Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 17-05-2018
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 30-01-2018
DOI: 10.12688/F1000RESEARCH.11881.1
Abstract: An emerging paradigm in immunology suggests that metabolic reprogramming and immune cell activation and functions are intricately linked. Viral infections, such as HIV infection, as well as cancer force immune cells to undergo major metabolic challenges. Cells must ert energy resources in order to mount an effective immune response. However, the fact that immune cells adopt specific metabolic programs to provide host defense against intracellular pathogens and how this metabolic shift impacts immune cell functions and the natural course of diseases have only recently been appreciated. A clearer insight into how these processes are inter-related will affect our understanding of several fundamental aspects of HIV persistence. Even in patients with long-term use of anti-retroviral therapies, HIV infection persists and continues to cause chronic immune activation and inflammation, ongoing and cumulative damage to multiple organs systems, and a reduction in life expectancy. HIV-associated fundamental changes to the metabolic machinery of the immune system can promote a state of “inflammaging”, a chronic, low-grade inflammation with specific immune changes that characterize aging, and can also contribute to the persistence of HIV in its reservoirs. In this commentary, we will bring into focus evolving concepts on how HIV modulates the metabolic machinery of immune cells in order to persist in reservoirs and how metabolic reprogramming facilitates a chronic state of inflammation that underlies the development of age-related comorbidities. We will discuss how immunometabolism is facilitating the changing paradigms in HIV cure research and outline the novel therapeutic opportunities for preventing inflammaging and premature development of age-related conditions in HIV + in iduals.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Future Science Ltd
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.4155/FMC.14.102
Abstract: Interview by Hannah Coaker (Commissioning Editor, Future Science Group). Glenn King secured a PhD from the University of Sydney before doing his postdoctoral studies at the University of Oxford. After academic stints at the University of Sydney and the University of Connecticut Health Center, he joined the Institute for Molecular Bioscience at The University of Queensland in 2007, where he is currently an NHMRC Principal Research Fellow. The current focus of King's research is venom-based drug discovery, in particular the development of analgesics and anti-stroke therapies. Several molecules discovered in his lab have already progressed to preclinical studies. King currently serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of three companies and the Editorial Board of four journals. He is a former President of the Australian Society for Biophysics, current President of the Australian & New Zealand Society for Magnetic Resonance and a member of the Executive Council of the International Society for Toxinology. In addition, King is a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology, and in 2013, he received the Sir Bob Robertson Award from the Australian Society for Biophysics and the Beckman Coulter Discovery Science Award from the Australian Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 10-06-2013
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1002/CTI2.1091
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2014
DOI: 10.3851/IMP2769
Abstract: After the rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited settings, surveillance of primary drug resistance mutations (DRMs) among ART-naive in iduals has important public health benefits. Although a highly successful national ART programme initiated by the Government of India exists, data on the prevalence of primary DRMs is scarce. The objective of the study is to estimate the prevalence, pattern and spectrum of population-based primary DRMs in therapy-naive HIV-1-infected in iduals using clinical strains and database sequences from seven HIV prevalent states of India. Drug resistance genotyping was performed on either plasma RNA or whole-blood genomic DNA using a validated in-house method on 170 HIV-1-positive therapy-naive in iduals. An additional 679 database-derived sequences from four other states were included in the analysis. The WHO-recommended list of mutations (SDRM_2009) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were used for interpretation of DRMs. Trends of primary DRMs before and after the ART rollout were studied. The overall prevalence of primary DRMs was 2.6% in the selected states of India when clinical isolates as well as database-derived sequences were combined. Common mutations included T69D and D67N (NRTI mutations), and L100I, K101E, K103N and Y181C (NNRTI mutations). There was a significant increase in NNRTI mutations over time. The overall DRM prevalence in this study was low. However, an increasing trend in primary NNRTI resistance has been observed during the past decade. Establishment of HIV drug resistance threshold surveillance will be useful in understanding further trends of transmitted resistance.
No related grants have been discovered for Riya Palchaudhuri.