ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4608-2246
Current Organisations
Victorian Education Department
,
La Trobe University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
Date: 07-2018
Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has typically been considered an immunogenic malignancy with responses seen to IL-2 and IFN-α. Response rates, however, were low and at the cost of considerable toxicity and as such, agents targeting angiogenesis have become the mainstay of treatment. Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor targeting PD-1 thereby upregulating the host immune response against tumor cells. Nivolumab has emerged as a promising new therapy in advanced malignancies, and the first agent to show survival advantage in patients failing prior VEGFR-targeted therapy in metastatic RCC. This review summarizes the present evidence, toxicity profile, potential predictive biomarkers and promising future strategies with nivolumab in metastatic RCC.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/JCPP.12791
Abstract: While the prevalence of language and communication difficulties among young people in custody is well established, holistic understanding of the complexity and co-occurrence of additional vulnerabilities among this population are rare. Ninety-three young people in a young offenders institution in England were assessed using the Comprehensive Health Assessment Tool, the Test of Word Knowledge, and a range of additional assessments of communication, cognition, and neurodevelopmental difficulties. Forty-seven percent of the young people demonstrated an aspect of language skills significantly below the population average, with more than one in four identified as having impairment. Only one in four of those with an impairment had previously accessed speech and language services. Language needs were associated with difficulties with social communication and nonverbal cognition, as well as higher risk of self-harm and substance misuse. Earlier identification of language difficulties requires routine assessment of young people at risk of engagement in offending behavior. Where language difficulties are identified, holistic assessments of needs should be undertaken. There is a need for speech and language therapy provision within youth justice services, as well as in other services accessed by young people at risk of engagement in offending.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2015
Abstract: Early identification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is currently limited by the absence of reliable biological markers for the disorder, as well as the reliability of screening and assessment tools for children aged between 6 and 18 months. Ongoing research has demonstrated the importance of early social communication skills in differentiating children later diagnosed with ASD from their typically developing (TD) peers, but researchers have not yet investigated whether these differences can be detected using community-ascertained systematic observation data as early as 12 months. To investigate whether differences in early social communication skills can be detected at 12 months of age, comparing children later diagnosed with ASD, and TD peers and to determine whether differences remain when groupings are based on age of subsequent ASD diagnosis. From a prospective community-ascertained s le, we collected data on children in early life, then conducted retrospective analyses for those children who were later diagnosed with ASD by the age of 7 years, compared with matched TD peers. We analysed standardized observational data of early communication skills, collected using the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales-Developmental Profile (CSBS-DP) Behavior S le, when participants were 12 months of age. Children in the ASD group exhibited significantly lower social communication skills than the TD group, including on the Total score and Social and Symbolic Composite scores of the CSBS-DP Behavior S le. Differences on the Total score and Social Composite were also detected for both early and late ASD diagnosis groups when compared with the TD group. These findings give further support for the importance of social communication in assessing children at risk of ASD as early as 12 months of age. Future research could evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of direct observation of these early communication skills as diagnostic indicators for ASD at 12 months, and investigate whether it is possible to distinguish between ASD and other high-risk groups (e.g. developmental delay) at this age.
No related grants have been discovered for Nathaniel Swain.