ORCID Profile
0000-0003-0312-7317
Current Organisation
The Commonwealth and Industrial Research Organisation
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Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 16-02-2021
Abstract: Universities around the world are incorporating online learning, often relying on videos (asynchronous multimedia). We systematically reviewed the effects of video on learning in higher education. We searched five databases using 27 keywords to find randomized trials that measured the learning effects of video among college students. We conducted full-text screening, data extraction, and risk of bias in duplicate. We calculated pooled effect sizes using multilevel random-effects meta-analysis. Searches retrieved 9,677 unique records. After screening 329 full texts, 105 met inclusion criteria, with a pooled s le of 7,776 students. Swapping video for existing teaching methods led to small improvements in student learning (g = 0.28). Adding video to existing teaching led to strong learning benefits (g = 0.80). Although results may be subject to some experimental and publication biases, they suggest that videos are unlikely to be detrimental and usually improve student learning.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-01-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S00248-015-0728-Y
Abstract: To better understand salmon GI tract microbial community dynamics in relation to diet, a feeding trial was performed utilising diets with different proportions of fish meal, protein, lipid and energy levels. Salmon gut dysfunction has been associated with the occurrence of casts, or an empty hind gut. A categorical scoring system describing expressed digesta consistency was evaluated in relation to GI tract community structure. Faster growing fish generally had lower faecal scores while the diet cohorts showed minor differences in faecal score though the overall lowest scores were observed with a low protein, low energy diet. The GI tract bacterial communities were highly dynamic over time with the low protein, low energy diet associated with the most ergent community structure. This included transiently increased abundance of anaerobic (Bacteroidia and Clostridia) during January and February, and facultatively anaerobic (lactic acid bacteria) taxa from February onwards. The digesta had enriched populations of these groups in relation to faecal cast s les. The majority of s les (60-86 %) across all diet cohorts were eventually dominated by the genus Aliivibrio. The results suggest that an interaction between time of s ling and diet is most strongly related to community structure. Digesta categorization revealed microbes involved with metabolism of diet components change progressively over time and could be a useful system to assess feeding responses.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.RESMIC.2017.07.003
Abstract: In this study, microbial community dynamics were assessed within a simple in vitro model system in order to understand those changes influenced by diet. The abundance and ersity of bacteria were monitored within different treatment slurries inoculated with salmon faecal s les in order to mimic the effects of dietary variables. A total of five complete diets and two ingredients (plant meal) were tested. The total viable counts (TVCs) and sequencing data revealed that there was very clear separation between the complete diets and the plant meal treatments, suggesting a dynamic response by the allochthonous bacteria to the treatments. Automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) results showed that different diet formulations produced different patterns of fragments, with no separation between the complete diets. However, plant-based protein ingredients were clearly separated from the other treatments. 16S rRNA Illumina-based sequencing analysis showed that members of the genera Aliivibrio, Vibrio and Photobacterium became predominant for all complete diets treatments. The plant-based protein ingredient treatments only sustained weak growth of the genus Sphingomonas. In vitro based testing of diets could be a useful strategy to determine the potential impact of either complete feeds or ingredients on major fish gastrointestinal tract microbiome members.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/JFD.13110
Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide (H
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/JFD.13694
Abstract: Epitheliocystis, an intracellular bacterial infection in the gills and skin epithelium, has been frequently reported in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) during freshwater production in a number of countries. This study describes the prevalence and intensity of a natural epitheliocystis infection present in the gills of two strains of Atlantic salmon reared in either a flow‐through (FT) or a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) in Ireland. Repeated s ling of gills prior to and throughout seawater transfer, histology and quantitative real‐time PCR were used to determine infection prevalence and intensity. Despite no clinical gill disease, and minor histopathological changes, epitheliocystis lesions were identified in histology at all time points. Specific PCR confirmed the presence of Candidatus Clavichlamydia salmonicola in both strains and its number of copies was correlated with intensity of epitheliocystis lesions. A significant interaction between hatchery system and fish strain on the prevalence and intensity of gill epitheliocystis was found both using histological and molecular methods. Specifically, fish from FT had higher prevalence and intensity than RAS reared fish and within FT, the Irish cohort were more affected than Icelandic.
Publisher: American Educational Research Association (AERA)
Date: 23-10-2022
DOI: 10.3102/00346543211052329
Abstract: Multimedia is ubiquitous in 21st-century education. Cognitive load theory and the cognitive theory of multimedia learning both postulate that the quality of multimedia design heavily influences learning. We sought to identify how to best design multimedia and review how well those learning theories held up to meta-analyses. We conducted an overview of systematic reviews that tested the effects of multimedia design on learning or cognitive load. We found 29 reviews including 1,189 studies and 78,177 participants. We found 11 design principles that demonstrated significant, positive, meta-analytic effects on learning and five that significantly improved management of cognitive load. The largest benefits were for captioning second-language videos, temporal/spatial contiguity, and signaling. We also found robust evidence for modality, animation, coherence/removing seductive details, anthropomorphics, segmentation, personalization, pedagogical agents, and verbal redundancy effects. Good design was more important for more complex materials, and in system-paced environments (e.g., lectures) than self-paced ones (e.g., websites). Results supported many tenets of both theories. We highlight a range of evidence-based strategies that could be implemented by educators.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTHERBIO.2018.12.021
Abstract: Global seawater temperatures are increasing and becoming more variable, with consequences for all marine animals including those in food production systems. In several countries around the world,arming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) occurs towards the upper end of the thermal tolerance window for this species, and marked effects on salmon production during summers have been experienced but never empirically investigated. This project tracked the effects of an extreme summer heatwave on two different cohorts of fish stocked into farm cages either during early winter (EW) or late winter (LW). The farm site experienced an unprecedented high water temperature event, with a peak water temperature of 22.9 °C and 117 days above 18 °C. Fish in both EW and LW cohorts experienced a temperature-induced cessation of voluntary feed intake as well as inefficient osmoregulatory, liver and renal function during high temperature periods. Flesh colour declined primarily in the dorsal and ventral regions of the fillet and secondarily along the midline, with over 20% of fish demonstrated a complete loss of flesh colour during the months of March and April. A return to feeding in autumn occurred faster in some fish and caused a marked bimodal size distribution to appear within both the EW and LW cohorts as autumn progressed. However, the LW cohort returned to feeding at seawater temperatures of 20.2 °C, compared with 18.6 °C for the EW cohort. There was a strong positive relationship between fillet colour recovery and residual condition index (RCI). These findings identified alkaline phosphatase as a potential marker to non-destructively track in idual fish for signs of recovery after a thermal stress event, and shed light on the physiological consequences of marine heatwaves on fishes. This study also identified that supporting feed intake or promoting a return to feeding may help mitigate the negative impacts of climate warming on cultured Atlantic salmon.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 09-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ARE.14874
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-09-2020
Abstract: Pilchard orthomyxovirus (POMV) is an emerging pathogen of concern to the salmon industry in Australia. To explore the molecular events that underpin POMV infection, we challenged Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts in seawater via cohabitation. Tissue s les of the head kidney and liver were collected from moribund and surviving in iduals and analyzed using transcriptome sequencing. Viral loads were higher in the head kidney compared to the liver, yet the liver presented more upregulated genes. Fish infected with POMV showed a strong innate immune response that included the upregulation of pathogen recognition receptors such as RIG-I and Toll-like receptors as well as the induction of interferon-stimulated genes (MX, ISG15). Moribund fish also presented a dramatic induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to severe tissue damage and morbidity. An induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes (B2M) and markers of T cell-mediated immunity (CD8-alpha, CD8-beta, Perforin-1, Granzyme-A) was observed in both moribund fish and survivors. In addition, differential connectivity analysis showed that three key regulators (RELA 65, PRDM1, and HLF) related to cell-mediated immunity had significant differences in connectivity in “clinically healthy” versus “clinically affected” or moribund fish. Collectively, our results show that T cell-mediated immunity plays a central role in the response of Atlantic salmon to the infection with POMV.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.DCI.2008.05.013
Abstract: Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a parasite-mediated proliferative gill disease capable of affecting a range of teleost hosts. While a moderate heritability for AGD resistance in Atlantic salmon has been reported previously, the mechanisms by which in iduals resist the proliferative effects remain poorly understood. To gain more knowledge of this commercially important trait, we compared gill transcriptomes of two groups of Atlantic salmon, one designated putatively resistant, and one designated putatively susceptible to AGD. Utilising a 17k Atlantic salmon cDNA microarray we identified 196 transcripts that were differentially expressed between the two groups. Expression of 11 transcripts were further examined with real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) in the AGD-resistant and AGD-susceptible animals, as well as non-infected naïve fish. Gene expression determined by qPCR was in strong agreement with the microarray analysis. A large number of differentially expressed genes were involved in immune and cell cycle responses. Resistant in iduals displayed significantly higher expression of genes involved in adaptive immunity and negative regulation of the cell cycle. In contrast, AGD-susceptible in iduals showed higher expression of acute phase proteins and positive regulators of the cell cycle. Combined with the gill histopathology, our results suggest AGD resistance is acquired rather than innately present, and that this resistance is for the most part associated with the dysregulation of immune and cell cycle pathways.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-08-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JFD.12408
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 02-03-2017
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-04-2021
DOI: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS9050967
Abstract: Freshwater bathing for 2–3 h is the main treatment to control amoebic gill disease of marine-farmed Atlantic salmon. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that amoebae (Neoparamoeba perurans) detach when exposed to freshwater and that some eventually reattach to culture plates when returned to seawater. Here, we evaluated the potential for gill-detached N. perurans to survive a commercially relevant treatment and infect AGD-naïve fish and whether holding used bathwater for up to 6 h post treatment would lower infectivity. AGD-affected fish were bathed in freshwater for 2 h. Naïve salmon were exposed to aliquots of the used bathwater after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The inoculation was performed at 30 ppt for 2 h, followed by gradual dilution with seawater. S ling at 20 days post inoculation (dpi) and 40 dpi confirmed rapid AGD development in fish inoculated in 2 h used bathwater, but a slower AGD development following exposure to 4 h bathwater. AGD signs were variable and reduced following longer bathwater holding times. These results suggest that viable amoebae are likely returned to seawater following commercial freshwater treatments, but that the risk of infection can be reduced by retention of bathwater before release.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 05-05-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JAM.12514
Abstract: The relationship of Atlantic salmon gastrointestinal (GI) tract bacteria to environmental factors, in particular water temperature within a commercial mariculture system, was investigated. Salmon GI tract bacterial communities commercially farmed in south-eastern Tasmania were analysed, over a 13-month period across a standard commercial production farm cycle, using 454 16S rRNA-based pyrosequencing. Faecal bacterial communities were highly dynamic but largely similar between randomly selected fish. In postsmolt, the faecal bacteria population was dominated by Gram-positive fermentative bacteria however, by midsummer, members of the family Vibrionaceae predominated. As fish progressed towards harvest, a range of different bacterial genera became more prominent corresponding to a decline in Vibrionaceae. The s led fish were fed two different commercial diet series with slightly different protein, lipid and digestible energy level however, the effect of these differences was minimal. The overall data demonstrated dynamic hind gut communities in salmon that were related to season and fish growth phases but were less influenced by differences in commercial diets used routinely within the farm system studied. This study provides understanding of farmed salmon GI bacterial communities and describes the relative impact of diet, environmental and farm factors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JFD.12588
Publisher: Inter-Research Science Center
Date: 22-08-2019
DOI: 10.3354/AEI00325
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-12-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2761.2009.01108.X
Abstract: Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is a proliferative gill tissue response caused by Neoparamoeba perurans and is the main disease affecting Australian marine farmed Atlantic salmon. We have previously proposed that macroscopic gill health ('gill score') trajectories and challenge survival provide evidence of a change in the nature of resistance to AGD. In order to examine whether the apparent development of resistance was because of an adaptive response, serum was sequentially s led from the same in iduals over the first three rounds of natural AGD infection and from survivors of a subsequent non-intervention AGD survival challenge. The systemic immune reaction to 'wildtype'Neoparamoeba sp. was characterized by Western blot analysis and differentiated to putative carbohydrate or peptide epitopes by periodate oxidation reactions. The proportion of seropositive fish increased from 46% to 77% with each AGD round. Antibody response to carbohydrate epitope(s) was immunodominant, occurring in 43-64% of s les. Antibodies that bound peptide epitope were identified in 16% of the challenge survivors. A 1:50 (single-dilution) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed a measurable immune titre in 13% of the survivors. There was no evidence that antibodies recognizing wildtype Neoparamoeba provided significant protection against AGD.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 14-09-2012
DOI: 10.1111/ARE.12021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Publisher: American Physiological Society
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1152/PHYSIOLGENOMICS.00013.2015
Abstract: We studied the expression of 28 genes that are involved in vertebrate sex-determination or sex-differentiation pathways, in male and female Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar) in 11 stages of development from fertilization to after first feeding. Gene expression was measured in half-sibs that shared the same dam. The sire of family 1 was a sex-reversed female (i.e., genetically female but phenotypically male), and so the progeny of this family are all female. The sire of family 2 was a true male, and so the offspring were 50% male and 50% female. Gene expression levels were compared among three groups: 20 female offspring of the cross between a regular female and the sex-reversed female ( family 1, first group), ∼10 females from the cross between a regular female and a regular male ( family 2, second group) and ∼10 males from this same family ( family 2, third group). Statistically significant differences in expression levels between males and the two groups of females were observed for two genes, gsdf and amh/mis, in the last four developmental stages examined. SdY, the sex-determining gene in rainbow trout, appeared to be expressed in males from 58 days postfertilization (dpf). Starting at 83 dpf, ovarian aromatase, cyp19a, expression appeared to be greater in both groups of females compared with males, but this difference was not statistically significant. The time course of expression suggests that sdY may be involved in the upregulation of gsdf and amh/mis and the subsequent repression of cyp19a in males via the effect of amh/mis.
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Richard Taylor.