ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4869-9255
Current Organisation
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
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Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-03-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-02-2023
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2042188
Abstract: This study compared discussion board involvement between family carers and non-carers in the Understanding Dementia Massive Open Online Course (UD-MOOC). A mixed methods observational cohort study of family carers and non-carers was undertaken over the February-April 2020 UD-MOOC. Discussion board engagement was measured as number of posts and replies and examined longitudinally using mixed models. Discussion topics were explored through structural topic models (STM). Subsequently, thematic analysis of STM derived-topic exemplars was conducted to contextualise these discussions. Family carers were ( These results may reflect underlying motivational differences and circumstantial relevance. Perhaps the greater engagement by family carers is related to a sense of having inadequate relevant offline social resources, where engagement in the UD-MOOC discussion boards may serve as means to share experiences with others.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-02-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JAN.12641
Abstract: To investigate perceptions of dementia and dementia risk reduction held by people without dementia. Dementia does not only affect in iduals with dementia, but also has an impact on family and friends, society and healthcare professionals. Recent research has identified modifiable risk and protective factors for dementia. However, it is unclear what knowledge people without dementia have about these risk factors and their attitudes towards addressing these risk factors to achieve dementia risk reduction are not known. Qualitative descriptive study using focus group methodology. A focus group study was conducted in February 2011 with 34 older adults aged between 52-90 years. The long-table approach was used to identify themes and categorize data on dementia knowledge, risk and attitudes. Participants correctly identified dementia risk factors as a group. Participants' responses about their perceived likelihood of developing dementia could be classified into three distinctive themes fear, rational and cynical perceptions. Both fear of developing dementia and the need to improve dementia knowledge were considered major motivators towards adopting healthier lifestyle and health behaviours. Lack of knowledge on risk factors for dementia was identified as a major barrier for behavioural and lifestyle change. These findings can be used to develop effective and personalized interventions that increase motivators and reduce barriers by tailoring interventions to in idual's dementia risk reduction literacy and motivations to change behaviours. Greater public-health promotion and education about risk and protective factors for dementia are also necessary to increase dementia health literacy and to reduce overall dementia prevalence.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 04-11-2021
Abstract: p to 40% of incident dementia is considered attributable to behavioral and lifestyle factors. Given the current lack of medical treatments and the projected increase in dementia prevalence, a focus on prevention through risk reduction is needed. e aim to increase dementia risk knowledge and promote changes in dementia risk behaviors at in idual and population levels. he Island Study Linking Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) is a long-term prospective, web-based cohort study with nested interventions that will be conducted over a 10-year period. Target participants (n=10,000) reside in Tasmania and are aged 50 years or over. Survey data on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to modifiable dementia risk factors will be collected annually. After each survey wave, participants will be provided with a personalized dementia risk profile containing guidelines for reducing risk across 9 behavioral and lifestyle domains and with opportunities to engage in educational and behavioral interventions targeting risk reduction. Survey data will be modeled longitudinally with intervention engagement indices, cognitive function indices, and blood-based biomarkers, to measure change in risk over time. n the initial 12 months (October 2019 to October 2020), 6410 participants have provided baseline data. The study is ongoing. ecruitment targets are feasible and efforts are ongoing to achieve a representative s le. Findings will inform future public health dementia risk reduction initiatives by showing whether, when, and how dementia risk can be lowered through educational and behavioral interventions, delivered in an uncontrolled real-world context. ERR1-10.2196/34688
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 24-09-2020
DOI: 10.2196/19431
Abstract: There is a need to develop interventions to reduce the risk of dementia in the community by addressing lifestyle factors and chronic diseases over the adult life course. This study aims to evaluate a multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention, Body Brain Life in General Practice (BBL-GP), targeting at-risk adults in primary care. A pragmatic, parallel, three-arm randomized trial involving 125 adults aged 18 years or older (86/125, 68.8% female) with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 or a chronic health condition recruited from general practices was conducted. The arms included (1) BBL-GP, a web-based intervention augmented with an in-person diet and physical activity consultation (2) a single clinician–led group, Lifestyle Modification Program (LMP) and (3) a web-based control. The primary outcome was the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index Short Form (ANU-ADRI-SF). Baseline assessments were conducted on 128 participants. A total of 125 participants were randomized to 3 groups (BBL-GP=42, LMP=41, and control=42). At immediate, week 18, week 36, and week 62 follow-ups, the completion rates were 43% (18/42), 57% (24/42), 48% (20/42), and 48% (20/42), respectively, for the BBL-GP group 71% (29/41), 68% (28/41), 68% (28/41), and 51% (21/41), respectively, for the LMP group and 62% (26/42), 69% (29/42), 60% (25/42), and 60% (25/42), respectively, for the control group. The primary outcome of the ANU-ADRI-SF score was lower for the BBL-GP group than the control group at all follow-ups. These comparisons were all significant at the 5% level for estimates adjusted for baseline differences (immediate: difference in means −3.86, 95% CI −6.81 to −0.90, P=.01 week 18: difference in means −4.05, 95% CI −6.81 to −1.28, P .001 week 36: difference in means −4.99, 95% CI −8.04 to −1.94, P .001 and week 62: difference in means −4.62, 95% CI −7.62 to −1.62, P .001). A web-based multidomain dementia risk reduction program augmented with allied health consultations administered within the general practice context can reduce dementia risk exposure for at least 15 months. This study was limited by a small s le size, and replication on a larger s le with longer follow-up will strengthen the results. Australian clinical trials registration number (ACTRN): 12616000868482 anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12616000868482.aspx.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-02-2022
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2040428
Abstract: To identify the characteristics of those who tend to hold stigmatising beliefs and behaviours towards people living with dementia to inform dementia education and the targeting of interventions to reduce dementia-related stigma. A nationally representative telephone survey of 1000 Australians aged 18-93 years was conducted to assess general knowledge of dementia and dementia-related stigma. A single open-ended question was used to assess participants' general knowledge of dementia. Modified items from the Lay Public Dimension of the Family Stigma in Alzheimer's Disease Scale were used to assess dementia-related stigma. Only 26% of participants demonstrated good dementia knowledge while almost half of the participants had a mixed understanding of dementia. Dementia-related negative cognitive attributions were found to be higher in (1) the older age cohorts, (2) amongst in iduals who know someone with dementia, (3) speak a language other than English at home, and (4) have a better understanding of dementia. Older age cohorts, men, those who do not know someone with dementia, and those who speak a non-English language at home also reported significantly higher discriminatory behavioural reactions compared to the younger age cohorts, females, those who know someone with dementia, and those who speak English only at home. This study identifies a need for improved public education about dementia. A structured approach to the development of strategies that is specifically tailored to different age, gender and cultural groups may provide a beneficial approach to help improve dementia knowledge and reduce dementia-related stigma in the population.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.2196/34688
Abstract: Up to 40% of incident dementia is considered attributable to behavioral and lifestyle factors. Given the current lack of medical treatments and the projected increase in dementia prevalence, a focus on prevention through risk reduction is needed. We aim to increase dementia risk knowledge and promote changes in dementia risk behaviors at in idual and population levels. The Island Study Linking Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (ISLAND) is a long-term prospective, web-based cohort study with nested interventions that will be conducted over a 10-year period. Target participants (n=10,000) reside in Tasmania and are aged 50 years or over. Survey data on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to modifiable dementia risk factors will be collected annually. After each survey wave, participants will be provided with a personalized dementia risk profile containing guidelines for reducing risk across 9 behavioral and lifestyle domains and with opportunities to engage in educational and behavioral interventions targeting risk reduction. Survey data will be modeled longitudinally with intervention engagement indices, cognitive function indices, and blood-based biomarkers, to measure change in risk over time. In the initial 12 months (October 2019 to October 2020), 6410 participants have provided baseline data. The study is ongoing. Recruitment targets are feasible and efforts are ongoing to achieve a representative s le. Findings will inform future public health dementia risk reduction initiatives by showing whether, when, and how dementia risk can be lowered through educational and behavioral interventions, delivered in an uncontrolled real-world context. DERR1-10.2196/34688
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 17-04-2020
Abstract: here is a need to develop interventions to reduce the risk of dementia in the community by addressing lifestyle factors and chronic diseases over the adult life course. his study aims to evaluate a multidomain dementia risk reduction intervention, Body Brain Life in General Practice (BBL-GP), targeting at-risk adults in primary care. pragmatic, parallel, three-arm randomized trial involving 125 adults aged 18 years or older (86/125, 68.8% female) with a BMI of ≥25 kg/m sup /sup or a chronic health condition recruited from general practices was conducted. The arms included (1) BBL-GP, a web-based intervention augmented with an in-person diet and physical activity consultation (2) a single clinician–led group, Lifestyle Modification Program (LMP) and (3) a web-based control. The primary outcome was the Australian National University Alzheimer Disease Risk Index Short Form (ANU-ADRI-SF). aseline assessments were conducted on 128 participants. A total of 125 participants were randomized to 3 groups (BBL-GP=42, LMP=41, and control=42). At immediate, week 18, week 36, and week 62 follow-ups, the completion rates were 43% (18/42), 57% (24/42), 48% (20/42), and 48% (20/42), respectively, for the BBL-GP group 71% (29/41), 68% (28/41), 68% (28/41), and 51% (21/41), respectively, for the LMP group and 62% (26/42), 69% (29/42), 60% (25/42), and 60% (25/42), respectively, for the control group. The primary outcome of the ANU-ADRI-SF score was lower for the BBL-GP group than the control group at all follow-ups. These comparisons were all significant at the 5% level for estimates adjusted for baseline differences (immediate: difference in means −3.86, 95% CI −6.81 to −0.90, i P /i =.01 week 18: difference in means −4.05, 95% CI −6.81 to −1.28, i P /i & .001 week 36: difference in means −4.99, 95% CI −8.04 to −1.94, i P /i & .001 and week 62: difference in means −4.62, 95% CI −7.62 to −1.62, i P /i & .001). web-based multidomain dementia risk reduction program augmented with allied health consultations administered within the general practice context can reduce dementia risk exposure for at least 15 months. This study was limited by a small s le size, and replication on a larger s le with longer follow-up will strengthen the results. ustralian clinical trials registration number (ACTRN): 12616000868482 anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12616000868482.aspx.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 08-09-2022
Abstract: Background: Dementia worry is a widespread phenomenon and the most common emotional reaction elicited by the threat of developing dementia in the future. The cultural factors of dementia worry have not been examined widely, although dementia can be perceived differently between cultures and lead to varying levels of dementia worry. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of dementia worry and factors associated with it cross-nationally in Israel and Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with two age-matched adult s les (447 participants in Israel and 290 in Australia). The primary outcome measure was the 12-item Dementia Worry Scale. Results: Israeli participants (mean age = 42.5 years 50.1% female) reported statistically significantly (p 0.05) higher levels of concern about developing dementia in comparison to Australian participants (mean age = 43.7 years 49.8% female). Increased ageism and increased perceptions about the likelihood of developing dementia were the most important factors associated with increased worry. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that country may not be the best criterion to assess cultural differences and should be accompanied by the participants’ assessment of their cultural tendencies. Our study also stresses the importance of conceptualizing and assessing affective and cognitive aspects of dementia worry, as people from different cultures might perceive dementia worry cognitively differently but affectively similar and vice-versa.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 24-02-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X11000080
Abstract: The positive relationship between wealth and wellbeing has received considerable attention over the last three decades. However, little is known about how the significance of wealth for the health and wellbeing of older adults may vary across societies. Furthermore, researchers tend to focus mainly on income rather than other aspects of financial resources even though older adults often rely on fixed income, particularly after retirement. Using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey (N=1,431), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in the United States of America (USA N=4,687), and the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA N=5,447), this exploratory cross-national study examined the relationship between wealth satisfaction and objective wealth and wellbeing (measured as self-rated health and life satisfaction) among older Australians, Americans and Koreans (50+ years). Regression analyses showed that wealth satisfaction was associated with wellbeing over and above monetary wealth in all three countries. The relationship between monetary wealth and self-rated health was larger for the US than Australian and Korean s les, while the additional contribution of wealth satisfaction to life satisfaction was larger for the Korean than the Australian and US s les. These findings are discussed in terms of the cultural and economic differences between these countries, particularly as they affect older persons.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-04-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 31-01-2021
Abstract: To examine the efficacy of the Dementia Stigma Reduction (DESeRvE) programme, aimed at reducing the general public dementia-related stigma utilising ‘education’ and ‘contact’ approaches. A total of 1024 Australians aged between 40 and 87 years (M = 60.8, SD = 10.1) participated in a factorial randomised controlled trial. This trial examined four conditions: online education programme (ED), contact through simulated contact with people with dementia and carers (CT), education and contact (ED+CT) and active control. Cognitive, emotional and behavioural aspects of dementia-related stigma were measured with a modified Attribution Questionnaire, and dementia knowledge was measured with the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale at the baseline, immediately and 12 weeks after the completion of the intervention. All four groups improved (reduction in scores) significantly from baseline to week 12 in dementia-related stigma, and the effects were stronger for those with higher baseline stigma scores. Intervention groups also improved significantly from baseline in dementia knowledge. Especially, the ED (β = .85, SE = .07 p .001) and ED+CT (β = .78, SE = .08 p .001) groups at immediate follow-up and CT (β = .21, SE = .09 p .05) and ED+CT (β = .32, SE = .09 p .001) at 12-week follow-up showed significant effects. Findings suggest that DESeRvE can be a valuable tool to enhance public’s dementia knowledge and reduce dementia-related stigma, especially for those with higher levels of stigma. Reduction in stigma, however, may take a longer time to achieve, whereas improvement in dementia knowledge is instant.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2018
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2017-019329
Abstract: It has been estimated that a 10%–25% reduction in seven key risk factors could potentially prevent 1.1–3.0 million Alzheimer’s disease cases globally. In addition, as dementia is preceded by more subtle cognitive deficits which have substantial social and economic impact, effective preventative interventions would likely have more extensive benefits. The current study evaluates in primary care a multidomain risk-reduction intervention targeting adults with high risk of developing dementia. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) is being conducted to evaluate three intervention programmes using a pragmatic approach suitable to the clinic: (1) a 12-week online and face-to-face dementia risk-reduction intervention (Body Brain Life—General Practice (BBL-GP)) (2) a 6-week face-to-face group lifestyle modification programme (LMP) and (3) a 12-week email-only programme providing general health information. We aim to recruit 240 participants, aged 18 and over, to undergo a comprehensive cognitive and physical assessment at baseline and follow-ups (postintervention, 18, 36 and 62 weeks). The primary outcome is dementia risk measured with the modified version of the Australian National University—Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Index Short Form. Secondary outcomes are cognitive function measured with Trails A and B, and the Digit Symbol Modalities Test physical activity with moderate-vigorous physical activity and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire depression with the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression cost evaluation with the 12-item Short Form Health Survey, Framingham Coronary Heart Disease Risk Score and Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool diet quality with the Australian Recommended Food Score and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. This RCT is a novel pragmatic intervention applied in a primary care setting to reduce the dementia risk exposure in adults at high risk. If successful, BBL-GP and LMP will provide a versatile, evidence-based package that can be easily and quickly rolled out to other primary care settings and which can be scaled up at relatively low cost compared with other strategies involving intensive interventions. ACTRN12616000868482
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Abstract: To compare gender differences in alcohol use and the socioeconomic correlates of at-risk drinking among middle-aged and older adults in Australia, the United States (US) and South Korea. Data were drawn from large nationally representative surveys of people aged 45 years and older, collected in 2006. Rates of any drinking and at-risk drinking (>14 US standard drinks/week) were higher for males than females in all countries and these gender differences were largest in Korea. Socioeconomic differentials for at-risk drinking varied by country and gender. In the US, at-risk drinking was associated with lower educational levels among men, but higher educational levels among women in Korea, it was associated with being unpartnered, particularly for women and in Australia, at-risk drinking was associated with higher income. Gender-role expectations differ between countries and may influence both the levels at which older adults consume alcohol and the ways in which at-risk drinking is associated with socioeconomic factors. Heavy alcohol use in middle-aged and older adults is a cause for concern. Health promotion strategies should target older age groups and consider the ways in which gender, marital status and education influence norms and opportunities for risky alcohol use.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-01-2022
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.5672
Abstract: Dementia is a stigmatised condition and dementia‐related stigma is associated with low self‐esteem, poor psychological wellbeing, social isolation and poor quality of life in people living with dementia and their families. There is, however, a lack of valid measures that accurately quantify dementia‐related stigma in the general public. This study reports the initial psychometric evaluation of a new tool designed to measure dementia‐related public stigma amongst community dwelling adults. A s le of 3250 in iduals aged 18 and over completed an online survey on their beliefs and feelings regarding dementia and people living with dementia, and their behavioural intentions towards people living with dementia. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using Maximum Likelihood with oblique rotation was performed to extract factors. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to confirm the factor structure using goodness‐of‐fit index (GFI), the comparative fit index (CFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) to evaluate the model fit. Internal consistency was measured for the final scale version. EFA resulted in a 16‐item, 5‐factor model (Fear and discomfort, Negative perceptions, Positive perceptions, Burden, and Exclusion) that explained 50.43% of the total variance. The CFA‐estimated model demonstrated a good fit all fit indices were larger than 0.95 (GFI = 0.967, CFI = 0.959) and smaller than 0.05 (RMSEA = 0.048). The final scale showed moderate to high reliability scores ranging from α = 0.738 to 0.805. The Dementia Public Stigma Scale is a tool with reliability, and some demonstrated validity. This scale can be used to measure the public stigma of dementia amongst adults and may be used in the development and evaluation of interventions aimed at dementia‐related stigma reduction.
No related grants have been discovered for Sarang Kim.