ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6926-9337
Current Organisations
Agroscope Standort Changins
,
Fujita Health University
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Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-07-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.21.453211
Abstract: Climate warming is releasing carbon from soils around the world 1–3 , constituting a positive climate feedback. Warming is also causing species to expand their ranges into new ecosystems 4–9 . Yet, in most ecosystems, whether range expanding species will lify or buffer expected soil carbon loss is unknown 10 . Here we used two whole-community transplant experiments and a follow-up glasshouse experiment to determine whether the establishment of herbaceous lowland plants in alpine ecosystems influences soil carbon content under warming. We found that warming (transplantation to low elevation) led to a negligible decrease in alpine soil carbon content, but its effects became significant and 52% ± 31% (mean ± 95% CIs) larger after lowland plants were introduced at low density into the ecosystem. We present evidence that decreases in soil carbon content likely occurred via lowland plants increasing rates of root exudation, soil microbial respiration and CO 2 release under warming. Our findings suggest that warming-induced range expansions of herbaceous plants have the potential to alter climate feedbacks from this system, and that plant range expansions among herbaceous communities may be an overlooked mediator of warming effects on carbon dynamics.
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Date: 11-2019
Abstract: Pasture conversion is a promising alternative to cut down the carbon footprint of deforestation for oil palm expansion.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-02-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-020-14852-6
Abstract: The potential of palm-oil biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with fossil fuels is increasingly questioned. So far, no measurement-based GHG budgets were available, and plantation age was ignored in Life Cycle Analyses (LCA). Here, we conduct LCA based on measured CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes in young and mature Indonesian oil palm plantations. CO 2 dominates the on-site GHG budgets. The young plantation is a carbon source (1012 ± 51 gC m −2 yr −1 ), the mature plantation a sink (−754 ± 38 gC m −2 yr −1 ). LCA considering the measured fluxes shows higher GHG emissions for palm-oil biodiesel than traditional LCA assuming carbon neutrality. Plantation rotation-cycle extension and earlier-yielding varieties potentially decrease GHG emissions. Due to the high emissions associated with forest conversion to oil palm, our results indicate that only biodiesel from second rotation-cycle plantations or plantations established on degraded land has the potential for pronounced GHG emission savings.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 30-07-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S0021932018000226
Abstract: Dowry practice, women’s autonomy to use dowry (‘dowry autonomy’) and the association of these with domestic violence were examined among young married women in India. Data were taken from the ‘Youth in India: Situation and Needs Study’ carried out in six Indian states during 2006–07. A total of 13,912 women aged 15–24 years were included in the study. About three-quarters of the women reported receiving a dowry at their marriage, and about 66% reported having the ability to exercise autonomy over the use of it – ‘dowry autonomy’. Dowry given without ‘dowry autonomy’ was found to have had no protective value against young women experiencing physical domestic violence in India. While women’s participation in paid employment increased the odds of them experiencing physical domestic violence, women’s education and marrying after the age of 18 years reduced the likelihood of experiencing physical domestic violence.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-02-2012
Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Date: 12-05-2022
DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.78555
Abstract: Climate warming is releasing carbon from soils around the world, constituting a positive climate feedback. Warming is also causing species to expand their ranges into new ecosystems. Yet, in most ecosystems, whether range expanding species will lify or buffer expected soil carbon loss is unknown. Here, we used two whole-community transplant experiments and a follow-up glasshouse experiment to determine whether the establishment of herbaceous lowland plants in alpine ecosystems influences soil carbon content under warming. We found that warming (transplantation to low elevation) led to a negligible decrease in alpine soil carbon content, but its effects became significant and 52% ± 31% (mean ± 95% confidence intervals) larger after lowland plants were introduced at low density into the ecosystem. We present evidence that decreases in soil carbon content likely occurred via lowland plants increasing rates of root exudation, soil microbial respiration, and CO 2 release under warming. Our findings suggest that warming-induced range expansions of herbaceous plants have the potential to alter climate feedbacks from this system, and that plant range expansions among herbaceous communities may be an overlooked mediator of warming effects on carbon dynamics.
Location: Switzerland
No related grants have been discovered for Thomas Guillaume.