ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8893-1667
Current Organisation
University of California, Irvine
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-03-2022
DOI: 10.1002/PCHJ.537
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 29-06-2022
Abstract: Marek et al. analyzed three very large magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and concluded that thousands of participants are necessary to ensure replicable results in “brain-wide associations studies,” which they defined as “studies of the associations between common inter-in idual variability in human brain structure/function and cognition or psychiatric symptomatology.” This conclusion overgeneralizes the implications of their findings and is likely to have an unwarranted chilling effect on neuroimaging research focused on in idual differences, preventing good research with s les in the hundreds from being funded and conducted. To fend off these negative consequences, we explain why their conclusion is not fully justified, discuss methods that can yield larger effects, and suggest practical guidelines for s le size, recognizing the potential utility of s les in the hundreds.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 21-02-2023
Abstract: Quantitative, empirical approaches to establishing the structure of psychopathology hold promise to improve on traditional psychiatric classification systems. The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is a framework that summarizes the substantial and growing body of quantitative evidence on the structure of psychopathology. To achieve its aims, HiTOP must incorporate emerging research in a systematic, ongoing fashion. In this paper, we introduce the conceptual background, organizing principles, core assumptions, and procedures for revising the HiTOP framework. Informed by strengths and shortcomings of previous classification systems, the proposed revisions protocol is a formalized system focused around three pillars: 1) prioritizing systematic evaluation of quantitative evidence by a set of transparent criteria and processes, 2) balancing stability with flexibility, and 3) promoting inclusion over gatekeeping in all aspects of the process. We detail how the revisions protocol will be applied in practice, including the scientific and administrative aspects of the process. Additionally, we describe areas of the HiTOP structure that will be a focus of early revisions and outline challenges for the revisions protocol moving forward. The proposed revisions protocol will ensure that the HiTOP framework reflects the current state of scientific knowledge on the structure of psychopathology and fulfills its potential to advance clinical research and practice.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 27-10-2022
Abstract: Our capacity to measure erse aspects of human biology in vivo has developed rapidly in the past decades, but the rate at which these techniques have generated translatable insights into the biology of psychopathological conditions has lagged far behind. This slow progress is partly due to the poor sensitivity, specificity, and replicability of many findings in the literature, which have in turn been attributed to small effect sizes, small s le sizes, and low statistical power. A commonly proposed solution is to rely on large, consortia-sized s les to facilitate discovery of replicable findings. Here, we argue that increasing s le sizes will have limited impact unless a more fundamental issue is addressed: the precision with which target behavioral phenotypes are measured. We discuss key problems and outline several ways forward, largely centered on the use of appropriate statistical models with deep, transdiagnostic assessment of hierarchically organized and homogeneous psychopathology dimensions across the full range of the severity spectrum. We provide worked ex les to demonstrate key problems and potential solutions. Arguably, a precision phenotyping approach can enhance the discovery and replicability of associations between biology and behavior, thereby facilitating insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders.
No related grants have been discovered for Elizabeth Martin.