ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9547-6516
Current Organisation
Macquarie University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Cognitive Science | Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.PNPBP.2011.12.003
Abstract: Processing facial expressions of emotion is deteriorated in depression, which might be more pronounced in treatment-resistant depression (TRD), especially when the latter is comorbid with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Neurophysiologically, both early perceptual and late cognitive cerebral processes of facial emotions can be illustrated by event-related potentials (ERPs). We therefore tried the ERPs to facial expressions of Neutral, Anger, Happiness, and Sadness in 25 patients with TRD, 15 with BPD, 22 with their comorbidity (TRD+BPD), as well as in 37 healthy volunteers. The depression levels of participants were measured with the Plutchik-van Praag Depressive Inventory (PVP). There was no group difference regarding either N1 (N170), P2, N2, P3a or P3b latency or litude to the four facial emotions. Reaction times (RTs) to Anger (p<.01), Happiness (p<.01), and Sadness (p<.001) in TRD, and those to Anger (p<.01) and Happiness (p<.01) in TRD+BPD patients were longer than those in the healthy volunteers. RTs to the four facial expressions were positively correlated (p<.01) with their depressive moods in all participants. In addition, PVP was positively correlated with the P2 latency to Anger in TRD+BPD patients (Fz, p<.01 Cz, p<.01 Pz, p<.01). BPD contributed little to TRD or TRD+BPD regarding cerebral processing of facial emotions, however, other cognitive and behavioral data suggest a generalized impairment when responding to facial emotions in TRD and TRD+BPD patients, and a deteriorated perceptual processing of Anger in TRD+BPD patients.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-03-2023
Abstract: There is mounting evidence for predictive coding theory from computational, neuroimaging, and psychological research. However, there remains a lack of research exploring how predictive brain function develops across childhood. To address this gap, we used pediatric magnetoencephalography to record the evoked magnetic fields of 18 younger children (M = 4.1 years) and 19 older children (M = 6.2 years) as they listened to a 12-min auditory oddball paradigm. For each child, we computed a mismatch field “MMF”: an electrophysiological component that is widely interpreted as a neural signature of predictive coding. At the sensor level, the older children showed significantly larger MMF litudes relative to the younger children. At the source level, the older children showed a significantly larger MMF litude in the right inferior frontal gyrus relative to the younger children, P & 0.05. No differences were found in 2 other key regions (right primary auditory cortex and right superior temporal gyrus) thought to be involved in mismatch generation. These findings support the idea that predictive brain function develops during childhood, with increasing involvement of the frontal cortex in response to prediction errors. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the brain function underpinning child cognitive development.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 28-07-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.26.501632
Abstract: There is mounting evidence for predictive coding theory from computational, neuroimaging, and psychological research. However there remains a lack of research exploring how predictive brain function develops across childhood. To address this gap, we used paediatric magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record the evoked magnetic fields of 18 younger children ( M = 4.1 years) and 19 older children ( M = 6.2 years) as they listened to a 12-minute auditory oddball paradigm. For each child, we computed a mismatch field ‘MMF’: an electrophysiological component that is widely interpreted as a neural signature of predictive coding. Consistent with our hypotheses, the older children showed significantly larger MMF litudes relative to the younger children. Furthermore, the older children showed a significantly larger MMF litude in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG 0.312 to 0.33 s) relative to the younger children, p .05. These findings support the idea that predictive brain function develops during childhood, with increasing involvement of the frontal cortex in response to prediction errors. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the brain function underpinning child cognitive development. This is the first paediatric MEG study to examine the sources underlying the MMF. Older children showed larger MMF litudes in the right inferior frontal gyrus. Results support the idea that predictive brain function develops during childhood.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1819.2011.02285.X
Abstract: Early parental bonding experiences play a role in emotion recognition and expression in later adulthood, and patients with personality disorder frequently experience inappropriate parental bonding styles, therefore the aim of the present study was to explore whether parental bonding style is correlated with recognition of facial emotion in personality disorder patients. The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Matsumoto and Ekman Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) photo set tests were carried out in 289 participants. Patients scored lower on parental Care but higher on parental Freedom Control and Autonomy Denial subscales, and they displayed less accuracy when recognizing contempt, disgust and happiness than the healthy volunteers. In healthy volunteers, maternal Autonomy Denial significantly predicted accuracy when recognizing fear, and maternal Care predicted the accuracy of recognizing sadness. In patients, paternal Care negatively predicted the accuracy of recognizing anger, paternal Freedom Control predicted the perceived intensity of contempt, maternal Care predicted the accuracy of recognizing sadness, and the intensity of disgust. Parenting bonding styles have an impact on the decoding process and sensitivity when recognizing facial emotions, especially in personality disorder patients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEUMETH.2013.11.020
Abstract: Previous magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies have failed to find a facesensitive, brain response-M170 in children. If this is the case, this suggests that the developmental trajectory of the M170 is different from that of its electrical equivalent, the N170. We investigated the alternative possibility that the child M170 may not be detectable in conventional adult-sized MEG systems. Brain responses to pictures of faces and well controlled stimuli were measured from the same four-year-old child with a custom child MEG system and an adult-sized MEG system. The goodness of fit of the child's head was about the same over the occipital head surface in both systems, but was much worse over all other parts of the head surface in the adult MEG system compared to the child MEG system. The face-sensitive M170 was measured from the child in both MEG systems, but was larger in litude, clearer in morphology, and had a more accurate source localization when measured in the child MEG system. The custom-sized child MEG system is superior for measuring the face-sensitive M170 brain response in children than the conventional adult MEG system. The present results show that the face-sensitive M170 brain response can be elicited in a four-year-old child. This provides new evidence for early maturation of face processing brain mechanisms in humans, and offers new opportunities for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders that show atypical face processing capabilities, such as autism spectrum disorder.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLINPH.2017.02.004
Abstract: This study aimed to examine the alterations of cortical connectivity in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) with auditory hallucinations at early response of antipsychotics. This was a nonexperimental control of medication study. We measured the cortical activity of 20 medicated patients with FES (medicated group), 19 nonmedicated patients with FES (nonmedicated group), and 22 healthy controls using electroencephalogram during eye-open resting state. Source reconstruction analysis was performed to determine the brain regions that showed significant group difference. A dynamic causal modelling (DCM) analysis was used to estimate the effective connectivity between sources. Both FES groups expressed increased activity in the right middle frontal gyrus (RMFG) and left/right superior temporal gyrus (L/RSTG) relative to that in the controls (p<0.05), and the nonmedicated group presented even higher activity than the medicated group (p<0.05). The effective connectivity from RMFG to LSTG was weaker in the nonmedicated group relative to that in the medicated group (p<0.01), although patients in the medicated group showed no difference with healthy controls in RMFG to L/RSTG connections. The Bayesian model selection analysis found modulatory lateralization in the nonmedicated group. The patients with FES showed frontotemporal hyperactivity and disconnectivity. The effective connections accompanied with modulation were improved when hallucination diminished at early response of routine medication. This study provided the first evidence of early drug response-related alterations in effective brain connectivity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2014.11.029
Abstract: There are two competing theories concerning the development of face perception: a late maturation account and an early maturation account. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) neuroimaging holds promise for adjudicating between the two opposing accounts by providing objective neurophysiological measures of face processing, with sufficient temporal resolution to isolate face-specific brain responses from those associated with other sensory, cognitive and motor processes. The current study used a customized child MEG system to measure M100 and M170 brain responses in 15 children aged three to six years while they viewed faces, cars and their phase-scrambled counterparts. Compared to adults tested using the same stimuli in a conventional MEG system, children showed significantly larger and later M100 responses. Children's M170 responses, derived by subtracting the responses to phase-scrambled images from the corresponding images (faces or cars) were delayed in latency but otherwise resembled the adult M170. This component has not been obtained in previous studies of young children tested using conventional adult MEG systems. However children did show a markedly reduced M170 response to cars in comparison to adults. This may reflect children's lack of expertise with cars relative to faces. Taken together, these data are in accord with recent behavioural and neuroimaging data that support early maturation of the basic face processing functions.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: University of Warsaw
Date: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 07-10-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.03.510718
Abstract: Predictive coding accounts of autism suggest that autistic perception is characterised by ergent precision weighting. The precise nature of this ergence, however, is debated. Here, we sought to disentangle competing predictive coding accounts of autism by testing them at a neural level. To this end, we used paediatric magnetoencephalography to record the auditory evoked fields of 10 young autistic children ( M = 6.2 years, range = 4.2– 8.6) and 63 neurotypical children ( M = 6.1 years, range = 3.0– 9.8) as they listened to a roving auditory oddball paradigm. For each participant, we subtracted the evoked responses to the ‘standard’ from the ‘deviant’ pure tones to calculate the mismatch field ‘MMF’: an electrophysiological component that is widely interpreted as a neural signature of predictive coding. We found no significant differences between the two groups’ MMF litudes, p .05. An exploratory analysis indicated larger MMF litudes in most of the autistic children compared to their average-age-matched neurotypical counterparts, p .05. We interpret these findings as preliminary evidence in support of the ‘inflexibly high prior and sensory precision’ account, and against the ‘inflexibly low prior-relative-to-sensory precision’ accounts of autistic perception. We used paediatric MEG to compare autistic and neurotypical MMFs litudes. Exploratory case-cohort analyses revealed mostly larger MMFs in autistic cases. Larger MMFs support the notion of precise, inflexible prediction errors in autism.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/DESC.12935
Abstract: In a previous study, we reported the first measurements of pre-movement and sensorimotor cortex activity in preschool age children (ages 3-5 years) using a customized pediatric magnetoencephalographic system. Movement-related activity in the sensorimotor cortex differed from that typically observed in adults, suggesting that maturation of cortical motor networks was still incomplete by late preschool age. Here we compare these earlier results to a group of school age children (ages 6-8 years) including seven children from the original study measured again two years later, and a group of adults (mean age 31.1 years) performing the same task. Differences in movement-related brain activity were observed both longitudinally within children in which repeated measurements were made, and cross-sectionally between preschool age children, school age children, and adults. Movement-related mu (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-30 Hz) oscillations demonstrated linear increases in litude and mean frequency with age. In contrast, movement-evoked gamma synchronization demonstrated a step-like transition from low (30-50 Hz) to high (70-90 Hz) narrow-band oscillations, and this occurred at different ages in different children. Notably, pre-movement activity ('readiness fields') observed in adults was absent in even the oldest children. These are the first direct observations of brain activity accompanying motor responses throughout early childhood, confirming that maturation of this activity is still incomplete by mid-childhood. In addition, in idual children demonstrated markedly different developmental trajectories in movement-related brain activity, suggesting that in idual differences need to be taken into account when studying motor development across age groups.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 27-07-2018
DOI: 10.1101/378562
Abstract: A growing literature conceptualises human brain development from a network perspective, but it remains unknown how functional brain networks are refined during the preschool years. The extant literature erges in its characterisation of functional network development, with little agreement between haemodynamic- and electrophysiology-based measures. In children aged from 4 to 12 years, as well as adults, age appropriate magnetoencephalography was used to estimate unbiased network topology, using minimum spanning tree (MST) constructed from phase synchrony between beamformer-reconstructed time-series. During childhood, network topology becomes increasingly segregated, while cortical regions decrease in centrality. We propose a heuristic MST model, in which a clear developmental trajectory for the emergence of complex brain networks is delineated. Our results resolve topological reorganisation of functional networks across temporal and special scales in youth and fill a gap in the literature regarding neurophysiological mechanisms of functional brain maturation during the preschool years.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPAIN.2017.06.009
Abstract: Some studies suggest that women with primary dysmenorrhea have distinct emotional or personality features. For ex le, they might exaggerate their responses to external stimuli, such as to intensity-increasing auditory stimuli. Fifteen women with primary dysmenorrhea and 15 healthy women were invited to undergo tests of the intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials (IDAEP), the Functional and Emotional Measure of Dysmenorrhea, and the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory. Study participants with dysmenorrhea showed higher Functional and Emotional scale scores and stronger IDAEP. Regarding the IDAEP generation, the source inversion of N1 and P2 disclosed the activated bilateral superior temporal gyri, medial and superior prefrontal gyri in all participants, and additionally, the middle frontal gyri in dysmenorrhea patients. We report a pronounced IDAEP in primary dysmenorrhea, which indicates the decreased cerebral serotonergic innervations and points to increased activations in the prefrontal and frontal areas in the disorder. Using an IDAEP technique, the authors found decreased serotonergic innervation and altered cerebral activation in women with primary dysmenorrhea, which might offer some pharmacotherapeutic clues for the disorder.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Korean Neurological Association
Date: 2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2011.603863
Abstract: Primary dysmenorrhea, or cr s, causes pain, limits activity, and increases emotional tension in young women, but its measurement has not received enough research attention. We have developed a functional and emotional measure of dysmenorrhea (FEMD, 14 items), and trialed it with a s le of 833 Chinese university women. Two factors (scales) were extracted by principal component analysis (PCA) and subsequently approved by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The two scales were intercorrelated and were correlated with experienced pain severity and, to a lesser degree, with the depressive tendency. We have demonstrated that FEMD has stable components that might help measure dysmenorrhea-related dysfunctions.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 21-03-2023
Abstract: Background:Hallucinogen Persistent Perception Disorder (HPPD) is a condition where the effects of hallucinogenic drugs reoccur long after the acute effects have stopped. No established risk factors or mechanisms for HPPD have been identified. However, reports have suggested a risk phenotype for HPPD due to associations with other perceptual disturbances. With the recent increase in therapeutic psychedelic drug use, it is essential to consider the existence of HPPD risk factors. Therefore, exploring potential links between HPPD and other perceptual disturbances, such as tinnitus and migraine with aura, is a necessary first step. This study aimed to investigate the association between HPPD and other perceptual disorders.Methods:One hundred thirty-eight in iduals with HPPD and 116 controls participated in a survey that assessed the prevalence of various perceptual disturbances, including photosensitivity, phonosensitivity, tinnitus, migraine with aura, vertigo, paraesthesia, and synaesthesia.Results:The survey results showed a significant association between HPPD and photosensitivity (OR=10.65), phonosensitivity (OR=8.00), and the number of perceptual disturbances (OR=1.59) in the HPPD group compared to the control group. The study also observed trends of dual prevalence between HPPD and tinnitus, migraine with aura, vertigo, paraesthesia, and synaesthesia. Participants with both HPPD and other perceptual disturbances were likelier to experience additional perceptual disturbances after the onset of HPPD.Conclusions:These findings suggest a common vulnerability or pathophysiological mechanism among these perceptual disturbances. Given the increasing therapeutic use of hallucinogens, the results of this study provide essential considerations for HPPD risk profiles. Moreover, they may guide future investigations into the pathophysiology and management options for HPPD.
Publisher: MyJove Corporation
Date: 08-02-2019
DOI: 10.3791/58909
Abstract: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique which directly measures magnetic fields produced by the electrical activity of the human brain. MEG is quiet and less likely to induce claustrophobia compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is therefore a promising tool for investigating brain function in young children. However, analysis of MEG data from pediatric populations is often complicated by head movement artefacts which arise as a consequence of the requirement for a spatially-fixed sensor array that is not affixed to the child's head. Minimizing head movements during MEG sessions can be particularly challenging as young children are often unable to remain still during experimental tasks. The protocol presented here aims to reduce head movement artefacts during pediatric MEG scanning. Prior to visiting the MEG laboratory, families are provided with resources that explain the MEG system and the experimental procedures in simple, accessible language. An MEG familiarization session is conducted during which children are acquainted with both the researchers and the MEG procedures. They are then trained to keep their head still whilst lying inside an MEG simulator. To help children feel at ease in the novel MEG environment, all of the procedures are explained through the narrative of a space mission. To minimize head movement due to restlessness, children are trained and assessed using fun and engaging experimental paradigms. In addition, children's residual head movement artefacts are compensated for during the data acquisition session using a real-time head movement tracking system. Implementing these child-friendly procedures is important for improving data quality, minimizing participant attrition rates in longitudinal studies, and ensuring that families have a positive research experience.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 27-01-2019
DOI: 10.1101/531905
Abstract: In a previous MEG study of movement-related brain activity in preschool age children, we reported that pre-movement fields and sensorimotor cortex oscillations differed from those typically observed in adults, suggesting that maturation of cortical motor networks is still incomplete by late preschool age (Cheyne et al., 2014). Here we describe the same measurements in an older group of school-aged children (6 to 8 years old) and an adult control group, in addition to repeated recordings in seven children from the original study approximately two years later. Differences were observed both longitudinally within children and between age groups. Pre-movement (readiness) fields were still not present in the oldest children, however both frequency and magnitude of movement-related mu (8-12Hz) and beta (15-30Hz) oscillations demonstrated linear increases with age. In contrast, movement-evoked gamma synchronization demonstrated a step-like transition from low (30-50 Hz) to high (70-90 Hz) narrow-band oscillations, and this occurred at different ages in different children. These data provide novel evidence of linear and non-linear changes in motor cortex oscillations and delayed development of the readiness field throughout early childhood. In idual children showed large differences in maturation of movement-related brain activity, possibly reflecting differing rates of motor development.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 12-11-2019
DOI: 10.1101/839258
Abstract: Accumulating evidence across species indicates that brain oscillations are superimposed upon an aperiodic 1/ f - like power spectrum. Maturational changes in neuronal oscillations have not been assessed in tandem with this underlying aperiodic spectrum. The current study uncovers co-maturation of the aperiodic component alongside the periodic components (oscillations) in spontaneous magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Beamformer-reconstructed MEG time-series allowed a direct comparison of power in the source domain between 24 children (8.0 ± 2.5 years, 17 males) and 24 adults (40.6 ± 17.4 years, 16 males). Our results suggest that the redistribution of oscillatory power from lower to higher frequencies that is observed in childhood does not hold once the age-related changes in the aperiodic signal are controlled for. When estimating both the periodic and aperiodic components, we found that power increases with age in the beta band only, and that the 1/ f signal is flattened in adults compared to children. These results suggest a pattern of co-maturing beta oscillatory power with the aperiodic 1/ f signal in typical childhood development.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUCLI.2012.04.087
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that event-related potentials (ERPs) are modulated by anxiety or psychopathic personality traits. Therefore, we hypothesized that the automatic processing of facial expressions of emotions (FEE) is also correlated with related disordered personality traits. Thirty-seven healthy volunteers underwent both an "oddball" ERP recording to facial expressions of Anger, Happiness, Sadness, and Neutral, and a test of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP). Mean reaction time was longer in response to anger than to other facial expressions. Facial expressions of Anger, Happiness and Sadness did not affect N1 (N170). By contrast, Happiness elicited a delayed P2, Anger elicited both a smaller N2 and a delayed P3b, and both Happiness and Anger elicited a P3b of higher litude. In addition, P3a latencies to Happiness were negatively correlated with DAPP Identity problems, and P3b latencies to Happiness were negatively correlated with DAPP Stimulus seeking, Callousness, Passive aggressivity, and Narcissism. Our study demonstrates that Anger implicitly captures attentional resources, and Happiness triggers more facilitated processing in in iduals with dissocial traits.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.PNPBP.2009.12.021
Abstract: Cognitive dysfunctions, such as attentional impairment, are central features of both treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). The treatment failure of TRD due to its comorbidity with BPD is debated in the literature. The mismatch negativity (MMN) of the event-related potentials provides an objective marker of involuntary stimulus selective processing, which might help shed light on this issue and provide an avenue for investigating a possible endophenotypic marker for TRD. We investigated MMN in 22 patients with TRD, 19 with BPD, and 22 with TRD cormorbid with BPD (TRD+BPD), as well as in 32 healthy volunteers, by employing an acoustic frequency deviance paradigm. In addition, we measured the depressive mood using the Plutchik-van Praag (PVP) depression inventory. There was no significant between-group difference for the N1 latencies/ litudes, both to the standard and deviant stimuli, and no significant between-group difference for MMN latencies. However, MMN litudes were higher in the TRD group than those in the other three groups. PVP scores were highest in TRD+BPD, then TRD, BPD patients, and lowest in healthy subjects. The higher MMN was not correlated with PVP score, nor with the duration of life-long depression, which can be considered as a neurophysiological marker for TRD. An atypical lack of inhibition on the irrelevant stimuli or increased cortical neuronal activity, especially frontal area, or both, might be responsible for the finding.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-02-2015
DOI: 10.1002/HBM.22762
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEUROIMAGE.2019.06.055
Abstract: A growing literature conceptualises typical brain development from a network perspective. However, largely due to technical and methodological challenges inherent in paediatric functional neuroimaging, there remains an important gap in our knowledge regarding the typical development of functional brain networks in "preschool" childhood (i.e., children younger than 6 years of age). In this study, we recorded brain oscillatory activity using age-appropriate magnetoencephalography in 24 children, including 14 preschool children aged from 4 to 6 years and 10 school children aged from 7 to 12 years. We compared the topology of the resting-state brain networks in these children, estimated using minimum spanning tree (MST) constructed from phase synchrony between beamformer-reconstructed time-series, with that of 24 adults. Our results show that during childhood the MST topology shifts from a star-like (centralised) toward a more line-like (de-centralised) configuration, indicating the functional brain networks become increasingly segregated. In addition, the increasing global network segregation is frequency-independent and accompanied by decreases in centrality (or connectedness) of cortical regions with age, especially in areas of the default mode network. We propose a heuristic MST model of "network space", which posits a clear developmental trajectory for the emergence of complex brain networks. Our results not only revealed topological reorganisation of functional networks across multiple temporal and spatial scales in childhood, but also fill a gap in the literature regarding neurophysiological mechanisms of functional brain maturation during the preschool years of childhood.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-07-2011
Publisher: PsyArXiv
Date: 2018
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-01-2018
Abstract: This commentary calls attention to a recently published paper in the Journal of Neuroscience, which for the first time examined the causal relationships between functional and structural connectivity within the fronto-parietal network and reasoning ability in a large longitudinal s le. The commentary discussed the significance of this study and also highlights limitations and future directions for subsequent neuroimaging research into the arch of brain and cognitive development. The original article of the Commentary:Wendelken, C., Ferrer, E., Ghetti, S., Bailey, S. K., Cutting, L., & Bunge, S. A. (2017). Frontoparietal Structural Connectivity in Childhood Predicts Development of Functional Connectivity and Reasoning Ability: A Large-Scale Longitudinal Investigation. Journal of Neuroscience, 37(35), 8549-8558.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2012.07.019
Abstract: Studies between disordered personality and the Big-Five or the Alternative Five-Factor model of normal personality have consistently shown four higher traits. The fifth higher trait, relating to Openness to Experience or Impulsive Sensation Seeking was less supported. The culture-free Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire (NPQ) might help us to characterise the fifth higher trait. We therefore tried the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP), the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R), the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) and the NPQ in 253 healthy participants. Our results yielded five factors, four of which resembled the previous ones. The fifth one, namely Peculiarity Seeking, was defined by NPQ and NEO-PI-R Openness to Experience, ZKPQ Impulsive Sensation Seeking and DAPP Stimulus Seeking. Whether the fifth factor is linked to the schizotypal personality disorder as proposed remains unanswered.
Publisher: Turk Noropsikiyatri Dernegi
Date: 09-2012
DOI: 10.4274/NPA.Y5965
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYCHRES.2010.07.010
Abstract: Normal personality traits, as measured by the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), predicted some personality disorders in a s le of healthy volunteers. Whether these predictions could be more pronounced in patients with personality disorders remains unknown. We administered the ZKPQ and the Parker Personality Measure (PERM), which describes the functioning styles of personality disorder, in 134 patients with a range of personality disorders and in 268 age-, gender- and education level-matched healthy volunteers. Cluster A patients scored lowest on Sociability, cluster B highest on Impulsive Sensation Seeking and Aggression-Hostility, cluster C1 (Avoidant and Dependent types) highest on Neuroticism-Anxiety, and cluster C2 (Obsessive-Compulsive type) highest on Activity. Most of the predictors were consistent across both the healthy and patient groups. The variances that accounted for predicting most PERM styles by the ZKPQ traits in the patient group were higher than those in the healthy group. Our results showed that the ZKPQ traits could specifically predict the PERM styles in both healthy subjects and personality-disorder patients. This result was more pronounced in the latter group. The most powerful predictions were obtained for Antisocial, Dependent, Borderline and Avoidant styles, and the weakest for the Schizotypal and Schizoid styles in the patient group.
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 18-05-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.05.17.444460
Abstract: Visual Snow (VS) refers to the persistent visual experience of static in the whole visual field of both eyes. It is often reported by patients with migraine and co-occurs with conditions like tinnitus and tremor. The underlying pathophysiology of the condition is poorly understood. Previously we hypothesised, that VSS may be characterised by disruptions to rhythmical activity within the visual system 1 . To test this, data from 18 patients diagnosed with visual snow syndrome (VSS), and 16 matched controls, were acquired using Magnetoencephalography (MEG). Participants were presented with visual grating stimuli, known to elicit decreases in alpha-band (8-13Hz) power and increases in gamma-band power (40-70Hz). Data were mapped to source-space using a beamformer. Across both groups, decreased alpha power and increased gamma power localised to early visual cortex. Data from primary visual cortex (V1) were compared between groups. No differences were found in either alpha or gamma peak frequency or the magnitude of alpha power, p .05. However, compared with controls, our VSS cohort displayed significantly increased V1 gamma power, p=.035. This new electromagnetic finding concurs with previous fMRI and PET findings suggesting that in VSS, the visual cortex is hyper-excitable. The coupling of alpha-phase to gamma litude (i.e., phase- litude coupling, PAC) within V1 was also quantified. Compared with controls, the VSS group had significantly reduced alpha-gamma PAC, p .05, indicating a potential excitation-inhibition imbalance in VSS, as well as a potential disruption to top-down “noise-cancellation” mechanisms. Overall, these results suggest that rhythmical brain activity in primary visual cortex is both hyperexcitable and disorganised in VSS, consistent with visual snow being a condition of thalamocortical dysrhythmia.
Start Date: 2017
End Date: 12-2022
Amount: $367,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity