ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7921-9942
Current Organisations
University of California, Berkeley
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University of Texas at San Antonio
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Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.112.2.205
Abstract: It has become increasingly accepted that pain is not simply a sensation generated by nociceptors, but a perceptual phenomenon with particular emotional qualities. The purpose of this article is to bring together vastly different streams of research on the isibility of pain into sensory and affective components. Empirical evidence for this isibility is drawn from recent studies using multivariate statistics, signal detection theory, and unidimensional scaling. An important conclusion is that separable though pain components may be, they are not necessarily independent. In critiquing previous research, new criteria are derived for partitioning pain into sensory and affective components. Finally, speculations are offered as to how these same components might be synthesized on the basis of theories of perceptual organization.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1995
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00005-I
Abstract: The quantitative relationship between chronic pain behavior and reinforcement has been generally found to be positive. Herrnstein's statement of the law of effect adds a qualification: it predicts that response rate varies hyperbolically with contingent reinforcement, and that response rate is also negatively related to extraneous reinforcement. The present study is an original investigation of the first of these assertions with regard to the naturally occurring behaviors in chronic pain syndrome. It was found that the stereotypic pain behaviors of 12 chronic pain patients were hyperbolically rather than proportionally related to contingent reinforcement from their significant others. Likewise, healthy behaviors in the same group were a hyperbolic function of contingent reinforcement. Estimates of extraneous reinforcement were also obtained for each category of behaviors. As a group, the subjects showed an inverse relationship between pain behaviors and healthy behaviors, consistent with previous research in the pain area. The present findings add generality to Herrnstein's matching law which serves as a descriptive model of target behaviors in chronic pain patients. The findings also have prescriptive implications for the modification of behavior among chronic pain sufferers.
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
DOI: 10.1054/JPAI.2001.XBCORR25530
Abstract: Recent reports indicate that several descriptors of pain sensations in the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) are difficult to classify within MPQ sensory subcategories because of incomprehension, underuse, or ambiguity of usage. Adopting the same methodology of recent studies, the present investigation focused on the affective and evaluative subcategories of the MPQ. A decision rule revealed that only 6 of 18 words met criteria for the affective category and 5 of 11 words met criteria for the evaluative category, thus warranting a reduced list of words in these categories. This reduction, however, led to negligible loss of information transmitted. Despite notable changes in classification, the intensity ratings of the retained words correlated very highly with those originally reported for the MPQ. In conclusion, although the intensity ratings of MPQ affective and evaluative descriptors need no revision, selective reduction and reorganization of these descriptors can enhance the efficiency of this approach to pain assessment.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/CPP.2594
Abstract: In‐person psychotherapy (IPP) has a long and storied past, but technology advances have ushered in a new era of video‐delivered psychotherapy (VDP). In this meta‐analysis, pre‐post changes within VDP were evaluated as were outcome differences between VDP versus IPP or other comparison groups. A literature search identified k = 56 within‐group studies ( N = 1681 participants) and 47 between‐group studies ( N = 3564). The pre‐post effect size of VDP was large and highly significant, g = +0.99 95% CI [0.67–0.31]. VDP was significantly better in outcome than wait list controls ( g = 0.77) but negligible in difference from IPP. Within‐groups heterogeneity of effect sizes was reduced after subgrouping studies by treatment target, of which anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (each with k 5) had effect sizes nearing 1.00. Disaggregating within‐groups studies by therapy type, the effect size was 1.34 for CBT and 0.66 for non‐CBT. Adjusted for possible publication bias, the overall effect size of VDP within groups was g = 0.54. In conclusion, substantial and significant improvement occurs from pre‐ to post‐phases of VDP, this in turn differing negligibly from IPP treatment outcome. The VDP improvement is most pronounced when CBT is used, and when anxiety, depression, or PTSD are targeted, and it remains strong though attenuated by publication bias. Clinically, therapy is no less efficacious when delivered via videoconferencing than in‐person, with efficacy being most pronounced in CBT for affective disorders. Live psychotherapy by video emerges not only as a popular and convenient choice but also one that is now upheld by meta‐analytic evidence.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2002
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPAIN.2012.02.006
Abstract: Recently, the lexicon of pain was refined into a parsimonious set of words making up the Pain Descriptor System (PDS). The present study investigated the latent structure of the sensory category of the PDS with its 24 descriptors distributed equally across 8 subcategories. A s le of 629 chronic pain patients rated the degree to which each of these words described their pain. It was found that coldness-related words were rarely used and shared high covariance with other descriptors, thus warranting their removal as a subcategory. Confirmatory factor analysis of a previously theorized single higher-order model of 7 latent factors (each with 3 observed variables) resulted in poor fit, x(2)(181) = 377.72, P < .05 comparative fit index (CFI) = .915 root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .04. This model was replaced with a dual higher-order model retaining the same 7 latent factors plus 2 higher-order factors corresponding to deep pain versus superficial pain. This model provided a good representation of the data, x(2)(181) = 301.07, P < .05 CFI = .948 RMSEA = .032. Therefore, descriptors of pain sensation differentiate sensory quality while also reflecting a fundamental dichotomy supported by neurophysiological research. Thus, the lexicon can illuminate pathophysiology, thereby clarifying pain diagnoses. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on pain sensation descriptors used by 629 patients. This supported a hierarchical model with 7 lower-order factors plus 2 higher-order factors corresponding to deep pain versus superficial pain. By reflecting neurophysiology, this lexicon of pain can offer diagnostic clues.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1037/CCP0000044
Abstract: In this era of insistence on evidence-based treatments, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as a highly preferred choice for a spectrum of psychological disorders. Yet, it is by no means immune to some of the vagaries of client participation. Special concerns arise when clients drop out from treatment. The aim of this study was to answer questions about the rate and timing of dropout from CBT, with specific reference to pretreatment versus during treatment phases. Also explored were several moderators of dropout. A meta-analysis was performed on dropout data from 115 primary empirical studies involving 20,995 participants receiving CBT for a range of mental health disorders. Average weighted dropout rate was 15.9% at pretreatment, and 26.2% during treatment. Dropout was significantly associated with (a) diagnosis, with depression having the highest attrition rate (b) format of treatment delivery, with e-therapy having the highest rates (c) treatment setting, with fewer inpatient than outpatient dropouts and (d) number of sessions, with treatment starters showing significantly reduced dropout as number of sessions increased. Dropout was not significantly associated with client type (adults or adolescents), therapist licensure status, study design (randomized control trial [RCT] vs. non-RCT), or publication recency. Findings are interpreted with reference to other reviews. Possible clinical applications include careful choice and supplementing of treatment setting/delivery according to the diagnosis, and use of preparatory strategies. Suggestions for future research include standardization of operational definitions of dropout, specification of timing of dropout, and exploration of additional moderator variables.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2007
DOI: 10.1177/000348940711600703
Abstract: We sought to determine the impact of psychiatric comorbidity on symptom density and resource utilization in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). A prospective cohort of patients who sought evaluation of CRS was studied with the Rhinosinusitis Symptom Inventory and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Data concerning symptom scores, symptom domains, and psychiatric comorbidity were analyzed to determine the interactions among psychiatric comorbidity, symptom reporting, and resource utilization in CRS. We studied 143 patients (mean age, 43.4 years). Low, moderate, and high levels of anxiety were reported by 48.3%, 25.9%, and 25.9% of patients, respectively. Low, moderate, and high levels of depression were reported by 76.2%, 9.1%, and 14.7%. For the combined psychopathology group, 43.3%, 25.9%, and 30% had low, moderate, and high levels. Patients with high anxiety levels reported significant elevations of oropharyngeal symptoms (p = .013) and total symptoms (p = .030) in comparison with the low group. Patients with high depression levels reported higher oropharyngeal (p = .003), systemic (p = .001), and total symptom (p = .003) scores than did the low group. High combined psychopathology scores were associated with elevated facial, oropharyngeal, and systemic scores (p .05). Regarding medical utilization, high anxiety levels or high combined psychopathology scores were associated with more frequent physician visits (p .05). A high level of depression was associated with increased antibiotic use, missed workdays, and physician visits (p .05). High levels of anxiety and depression are common in patients who undergo evaluation for CRS. Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with increased symptoms in CRS and increased health-care utilization. Anxiety and depression should be identified in these patients to structure appropriate treatment.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(90)90050-S
Abstract: A large volume of evidence has supported the important role of psychological principles and variables related to the perception of, and response to, nociceptive stimulation. On the basis of this research, a number of psychological interventions have been developed and used successfully with pain patients. Despite the evidence, there has been a tendency for practitioners to neglect the contributing role of cognitive, affective, and behavioral factors in reports of pain by cancer patients. Cancer seems to hold a unique status in medicine and society at large. In this paper, the cancer pain literature is briefly reviewed and evidence is presented for various psychological determinants of the pain report and response that may be extended to pain associated with cancer. The implications of these data for understanding and treatment of cancer patients are described.
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Date: 09-12-2023
Abstract: Comorbid with chronic pain are negative emotions, anger being particularly salient. To evaluate specific relationships between pain and anger, the present study deconstructed anger into five parameters and dichotomized pain into sensory vs. affective components. Hypotheses were (i) anger parameters would be significantly and positively correlated with affective pain more so than with sensory pain, and (ii) in idual parameters would be differentially related to pain components. The Anger Parameters Scale (APS) was used to rate five parameters of anger: frequency, duration, intensity, latency, and threshold. Also rated was the physical sensation of pain and the degree of distress from pain. The volunteer s le comprised n=51 chronic pain patients, varying in ethnicity/race and educational level. Descriptive statistics revealed: APS total M=71.52, SD=16.68, Sensory pain M=6.27, SD=2.15, Affective pain M=5.76, SD=2.28. Sensory and affective pain were highly correlated, r=0.70. APS total was significantly associated with affective pain (r=+0.28) but hardly with sensory pain (r=0.12). Two anger parameters significantly correlated with affective pain: anger frequency (r=+0.30, p .05) and anger threshold (r=+0.33, p .05). Secondarily, certain educational levels (but not gender and ethnicity/race) were associated with significantly higher APS total scores. Scores for all variables were in the mid-range. As hypothesized, anger was more strongly correlated with distress/suffering of pain than with physical sensation of pain, though both pain components were closely coupled. Specific findings regarding frequency and threshold imply that being angry often and being oversensitive to provocation are associated with greater distress in this context. In deconstructing anger and dichotomizing pain, the present study extends previous research by elaborating on what aspects of anger are most related to which components of pain. Moreover, certain educational levels with higher levels of anger may need special attention. Further research could examine if treatment of anger might lead to corresponding changes in chronic pain.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-2001
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465801003071
Abstract: In the self-regulation of anger, it is unclear whether the effects are due to self-monitoring or actual self-intervention. This is especially important in the light of the reactivity often attributed to self-monitoring. The present study compared both procedures within a reversal design involving college students with moderate levels of anger. Intervention consisted of behavioral contracting and relaxation as well as cognitive strategies of reappraisal and imagery. Measures included anger frequency, duration, and intensity, all of which were obtained in naturalistic settings. Results revealed significant and dramatic reductions in anger frequency and duration during self-intervention but no such improvements with self-monitoring apart from a slight reduction in anger intensity. The return to baseline self-monitoring was associated with no relapse in anger but a maintenance of treatment gains. Secondary findings of interest were a correlation between anger intensity and anger duration and a predominance of anger directed at persons rather than situations. In general, the outcome of this study adds strength to the inference that cognitive-behavioral self-interventions are effective for anger and that this effectiveness goes beyond mere reactivity. The effects are most pronounced for anger frequency and duration and this offers clues for future focal points in the practice of anger management.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-1989
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(89)90230-3
Abstract: The literature on the utility of cognitive coping strategies in pain control has been unclear because of 2 principal limitations: the lack of a validated classification system, and reliance on qualitative and quasi-statistical reviews. In this study, an empirically based multidimensional taxonomy was employed to categorize the variety of cognitive coping strategies into 6 major classes: external focus of attention, neutral imaginings, pleasant imaginings, dramatized coping, rhythmic cognitive activity and pain acknowledging. Meta-analytic techniques were introduced to evaluate the overall efficacy of cognitive strategies (in comparison to no-treatment controls), the relative efficacy of these strategies (how the different groups of strategies compare with one another), and the substantive efficacy of such strategies (how cognitive strategies fare against placebo/expectancy conditions). Results revealed that, in general, cognitive coping strategies are more effective in alleviating pain as compared to either no-treatment or expectancy controls. Each in idual class of strategies significantly attenuates pain although the imagery methods are the most effective whereas pain acknowledging is the least effective. Positive expectancy is no better than no treatment. These findings stand in contrast with previous reviews that have not assigned prime importance to imagery or for that matter have not shown cognitive strategies to be particularly effective. Results are discussed with reference to attentional models and methodological issues.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPAIN.2010.10.011
Abstract: Single-word descriptors are commonly used to label and communicate pain in lay as well as clinical settings. Research has shown that the pool of 84 pain descriptors from the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) can be refined into a parsimonious subset of 36 descriptors that fit into 12 categories. However, the past 3 studies on this issue have been confined to college student s les. The present study investigated the classification structure and calibration of this new system of pain descriptors in 43 chronic pain patients. Employing a 3-point decision rule, a relatively unambiguous classification structure emerged with 3 descriptors for each of the 12 categories. Within and across categories, the intensities implied by these words could be meaningfully rank ordered. The intensities correlated positively and significantly with those previously derived from student s les as well as those of matching MPQ words previously rated by pain patients. This confirms the stability of the intensity ratings of pain words. Information theoretic analysis revealed transmission of 83% of the maximum (3.6 bits) potentially transmissible in a system of such configuration. This lends support to the idea that the 36 pain descriptors are parsimonious and can be used with efficiency to describe chronic pain. This study found that in the English language, 36 words (classified into 12 subcategories) can be efficiently used to describe pain. These words can also be reliably ordered in terms of implied pain intensity. This has implications for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of pain patients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-02-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465818000048
Abstract: Background: Past reviews of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for anger have focused on outcome in specific subpopulations, with few questions posed about research design and methodology. Since the turn of the century, there has been a surge of methodologically varied studies awaiting systematic review. Aims: The basic aim was to review this recent literature in terms of trends and patterns in research design, operationalization of anger, and covariates such as social desirability bias (SDB). Also of interest was clinical outcome. Method: After successive culling, 42 relevant studies were retained. These were subjected to a rapid evidence assessment (REA) with special attention to design (ranked on the Scientific Methods Scale) measurement methodology (self-monitored behaviour, anger questionnaires, and others’ ratings), SDB assessment, and statistical versus clinical significance. Results: The randomized controlled trial characterized 60% of the studies, and the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory was the dominant measure of anger. All but one of the studies reported statistically significant outcome, and all but one of the 21 studies evaluating clinical significance laid claim to it. The one study with neither statistical nor clinical significance was the only one that had assessed and corrected for SDB. Conclusions: Measures remain relatively narrow in scope, but study designs have improved, and the outcomes suggest efficacy and clinical effectiveness. In conjunction with previous findings of an inverse relationship between anger and SDB, the results raise the possibility that the favourable picture of CBT for anger may need closer scrutiny with SDB and other methodological details in mind.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-1996
DOI: 10.1097/00002508-199612000-00006
Abstract: This study was designed to test the stability of recent findings by the authors showing that 40% of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) descriptors of pain sensation were not classifiable in any MPQ subcategory because of incomprehension, underuse, or ambiguity of usage. The study also was intended to determine the pain intensity ratings for the descriptors and how they relate to the original ratings provided by Melzack and Torgerson. The s le size was twice that of the previous s le 140 subjects (whose first language was English) assigned MPQ descriptors to in idual sensory subcategories and then rated their implied intensity of pain. As in the first study, data were analyzed by a three-step decision rule incorporating the absolute frequency, relative frequency, and distribution of word assignments to the subcategories. Subjects were undergraduate students in a health psychology class at Southern Methodist University. Twenty-eight of the 32 words retained in the first study also satisfied criteria for inclusion in the present study, and four additional words that were not included in the first study satisfied the decision rule in the present study. As in the first study, intensity ratings of retained words correlated very highly with those reported by Melzack and Torgerson. A parsimonious set of 32 words can be adopted from the MPQ for efficient and unambiguous use in the clinical assessment of pain.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.1007/BF01858009
Abstract: Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography has been used to detect microemboli in the middle cerebral artery during orthopedic surgery. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in orthopedic surgery to evaluate its status in this setting. Fourteen studies were selected for qualitative analysis. The highest number of patients studied was 45 emboli were detected in all studies, occurring in 20%-100% of patients. Most embolic counts were below 10, but some high counts were noted. No study reported all the technical parameters of the transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. All studies assessed neurologic status, and 6 studies evaluated cognitive function postoperatively. No study identified an association between postoperative cognitive function and embolic count. Six studies sought the presence of right-to-left shunts.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-1991
DOI: 10.3758/BF03212195
Abstract: The use of closed scales (with anchors at each end) to measure pain was found to produce ceiling effects characterized by a deceleration of ratings toward the upper end of the scale. This was consistent with previous research. Apart from producing nonlinear functions, the closed scale also limited test-retest reliability because of subjects' tendencies to correct their distorted ratings in subsequent trials. However, an open-ended scale coupled with transformation of reported ratings into a decile scale virtually eliminated the ceiling effect, thus producing consistently linear functions and maximizing test-retest reliability. This finding may have implications for the measurement of other sensory and psychological phenomena, especially those in which the property evaluated varies in a continuous fashion.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.CPR.2016.04.012
Abstract: Anger is present as a key criterion in five diagnoses within DSM-5: Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. This review amasses scientific literature demonstrating that within each of these disorders, anger is a central clinical feature that is highly prevalent and predictive of important outcomes. For each disorder, we also discuss the phenomenology and etiology of anger. Although models of anger have been quite distinct across these disorders, few empirical studies have truly tested whether anger stems from different etiological factors across these different conditions. We end with a discussion of transdiagnostic research that draws from cognitive psychology, affective science, and the neuroscience of anger, and that also fits with integrative approaches to treatment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 03-1993
DOI: 10.1017/S0813483900005787
Abstract: A single-case design was used to explore the effects of EMG feedback versus EMG-plus-posture feedback in the treatment of overt symptoms of torticollis in an elderly female patient. It was found that EMG levels of the sternomastoid muscle were inversely related to EMG of the trapezius muscle, rather than systematically related to components of treatment. Resting posture showed a pattern of improvement, especially with regard to shoulder asymmetry and forward flexion. Also, the patient's voluntary control over posture showed marked improvement between pre- and postphases of treatment this was maintained at follow-up 8 weeks after treatment. Implications are raised for further research, in particular, the importance of assessing multiple aspects of posture and recording EMG from more than one site simultaneously.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2018
DOI: 10.1002/CBM.2057
Abstract: Anger is commonly measured as if it were a single, simple construct. This may be particularly unhelpful if the main purpose of a measure is to determine change and responsiveness to interventions. Our primary aim was to assess five anger parameters in parolees - frequency, duration, intensity, latency, and threshold - and to test for effects of psychoeducation and social desirability bias on parolees' scores. Average anger scores for the offender s le were compared with those in a non-offender s le. The offender s le was drawn from male parolees in San Antonio. Age-matched volunteers recruited at public libraries were engaged for baseline comparisons. The Anger Parameters Scale and the Marlow-Crowne Scale were used to assess anger and social desirability, respectively. Parole officers delivered a psychoeducation course to parolees over 12 weeks, and anger and social desirability measures were taken before and afterwards. At baseline, parolees were angry more often, stayed angry longer, and reached higher levels of anger than the non-offenders, confirming their eligibility for the programme. Mean anger scores were not significantly different after psychoeducation than before it. Parolees' reported anger was significantly and negatively correlated with social desirability scores. Only three of the five anger parameters were prominent among these offenders: frequency, duration, and intensity of their outbursts. Psychoeducation did not produce improvement, possibly because it was instructional rather than therapeutic, but also because group means may mask useful in idual differences. Concurrent assessment of social desirability is likely to assist in interpretation of anger measures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-1996
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1996
DOI: 10.1046/J.1526-4610.1996.3610595.X
Abstract: This study investigated headaches parameters (frequency and intensity) in relation to (the number and severity of) two types of psychosocial stress: major life events (as assessed by a revised Social Readjustment Rating Scale) and minor daily hassles (as assessed by a revised Hassles Scale). Subjects were 261 volunteers reporting headache. Results revealed that both headache frequency and intensity were significantly predicted by daily hassles, in particular, the average severity of these hassles, but there was a negligible relationship between headache parameters and any of the life event measures. Furthermore, a significant relationship emerged between life events and daily hassles themselves. This fits with recent findings that life events (while exerting little direct effect on headache) may trigger a succession of hassles which culminate in headaches. Also, it is not the number of hassles, but the perceived severity of these hassles that best predicts headache frequency and intensity. Finally, though significant as predictors, daily hassles explained a small portion of the variance in headache, thus pointing to the host of other possible biological and psychosocial contributions to headache.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 08-1986
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90070-9
Abstract: Cognitive strategies have received considerable interest in pain management, alongside the traditional approaches of physical intervention and behavior modification. However, the literature on these strategies is ridden with inconsistencies of terminology that present major difficulties in the conceptualization and evaluation of different strategies. A new classification scheme is hence proposed in which these strategies are grouped into 3 broad categories: imagery, self-statements and attention- ersion--which are further ided into a total of 10 subcategories. Ex les are drawn from the literature to illustrate the use of each strategy. The new classification system offers a comprehensive nomenclature for the identification of cognitive coping strategies for pain and provides a basis for guiding research on the relative efficacy of different cognitive strategies in pain management.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2015
DOI: 10.1109/MASS.2015.31
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1007/S11916-005-0046-Z
Abstract: Anger is defined with reference to a cognitive-motivational perspective. This forms the basis for identifying the variety of reasons why pain sufferers are angry and the many ways in which they react when angry. Statistics are provided for the comorbidity of anger in chronic pain and headache. Going beyond such statistics, five dynamic interactions between anger and pain are emphasized and empirical evidence is provided for each of these interactions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-1996
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(96)02992-2
Abstract: In view of some recent disagreements about the vocabulary of pain as suggested in the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), the present study re-examined all MPQ pain descriptors with regard to their appropriateness as descriptors of pain sensation. A s le of 70 undergraduate students (whose first language was English) assigned descriptors to in idual sensory subcategories and then rated them in terms of implied intensity of pain. Data were evaluated using three criteria related to the absolute frequency, relative frequency, and unimodality of word assignments to each subcategory. Results revealed that about 40% of the supposed MPQ sensory descriptors could not be classified within any of the sensory subcategories because of incomprehension, underuse, or ambiguity of usage. The majority of the words, however, were classified in the same subcategories and given similar intensity ratings as in the MPQ. These words constitute a parsimonious subset of MPQ descriptors of pain sensation. Such words promise more diagnostic specificity in the assessment of pain. Further research could serve to replicate these findings as part of the ongoing refinement of the MPQ.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-1995
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00192-U
Abstract: Activation of resident microglia accompanies every known form of neurodegeneration, but the involvement of peripheral monocytes that extravasate and rapidly transform into microglia-like macrophages within the central nervous system during degeneration is far less clear. Using a combination of in vivo ocular imaging, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, we investigated the response of infiltrating cells in a light-inducible mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration. Within 24 h, resident microglia became activated and began migrating to the site of degeneration. Retinal expression of CCL2 increased just prior to a transient period of CCR2 These results demonstrate that the immune response to photoreceptor degeneration includes both resident microglia and monocytes, even at very early times. Surprisingly, preventing monocyte infiltration did not block neurodegeneration, suggesting that in this model, degeneration is limited by cell clearance from other phagocytes or by the timing of intrinsic cell death programs. These results show monocyte involvement is not limited to disease states that overwhelm or deplete the resident microglial population and that interventions focused on modulating the peripheral immune system are not universally beneficial for staving off degeneration.
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Date: 2016
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-1994
DOI: 10.1097/00002508-199403000-00002
Abstract: Psychological scaling techniques consistently produce separate ratings for sensory and affective components of pain. This study examines the relative contributions of these components to pain as a whole and the contributions of different emotions to the affective component of pain. The design was correlational. Visual analogue scales were used to quantify overall pain, sensory pain, affective pain, and in idual emotions. These data lent themselves to regression techniques for expressing pain as a function of sensation and affect as a function of emotion types. Data were collected at the Pain Clinic within the Department of Physical Medicine at the Ohio State University. Subjects were 40 chronic pain sufferers admitted to an inpatient pain management program. Ratings of overall pain were not a simple summation of sensory and affective ratings, but a linearly additive function of both component ratings each with a unique weighting. The affective component of pain was a function of three differentially weighted sets of emotions, anger, fear, and sadness being most salient. Implications arise for the broader assessment of chronic pain and the treatment of specific emotions that may be particularly associated with the pain.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2002
DOI: 10.1177/1359105302007006870
Abstract: The treatment of chronic pain disorders has become multifaceted in recognition of the complexities of chronic pain. However, few models have emerged to predict patients’ response to treatment. This study examined a path model of pain treatment outcome, incorporating the variables of coping style and treatment compliance. Results indicated that the suppression of negative emotion was associated with greater treatment compliance, whereas lification of negative emotion was found to be associated with poorer treatment compliance. An aggressive coping style was found to be associated with poor treatment compliance. In turn, poor compliance predicted poor pre- ost-treatment functional capacity. Moreover, a path model incorporating compliance as a mediator between coping styles and functional impairment revealed an excellent model fit when compared to a path model with no mediators.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2002
DOI: 10.1177/135910530200700310
Abstract: Infant male circumcision continues despite growing questions about its medical justification. As usually performed without analgesia or anaesthetic, circumcision is observably painful. It is likely that genital cutting has physical, sexual and psychological consequences too. Some studies link involuntary male circumcision with a range of negative emotions and even post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some circumcised men have described their current feelings in the language of violation, torture, mutilation and sexual assault. In view of the acute as well as long-term risks from circumcision and the legal liabilities that might arise, it is timely for health professionals and scientists to re-examine the evidence on this issue and participate in the debate about the advisability of this surgical procedure on unconsenting minors.
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Date: 09-1998
DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759.14.3.202
Abstract: This study extends previous attempts to assess emotion with single adjective descriptors, by examining semantic as well as cognitive, motivational, and intensity features of emotions. The focus was on seven negative emotions common to several emotion typologies: anger, fear, sadness, shame, pity, jealousy, and contempt. For each of these emotions, seven items were generated corresponding to cognitive appraisal about the self, cognitive appraisal about the environment, action tendency, action fantasy, synonym, antonym, and intensity range of the emotion, respectively. A pilot study established that 48 of the 49 items were linked predominantly to the specific emotions as predicted. The main data set comprising 700 subjects' ratings of relatedness between items and emotions was subjected to a series of factor analyses, which revealed that 44 of the 49 items loaded on the emotion constructs as predicted. A final factor analysis of these items uncovered seven factors accounting for 39% of the variance. These emergent factors corresponded to the hypothesized emotion constructs, with the exception of anger and fear, which were somewhat confounded. These findings lay the groundwork for the construction of an instrument to assess emotions multicomponentially.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-1990
DOI: 10.1007/BF00960450
Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd
Date: 2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-1996
DOI: 10.1046/J.1526-4610.1996.3604246.X
Abstract: The reported characteristics and causes of headache differ across in iduals and between groups. Such differences are of interest from an epidemiological point of view. This study set out to identify the main descriptive features and causal attributions of headache within an Australian urban community. A s le of 261 subjects reporting headache volunteered to participate in the survey. Subjects completed a self-report questionnaire for assessing demographic variables, headache parameters (intensity, duration, etc), headache medication habits, and perceived causes of one's headache (as in the UK headache survey by Blau, 1990). Results revealed that the typical headache sufferer was a middle-aged employed in idual. Migraine versus tension headache were equivalent in number, and on the average, subjects experienced moderate intensity, day-long headaches that recurred about nine times per month. With regard to causal attributions, the prevalence of headaches due to mental stress was higher than that due to any other single stimulus (eg, noise, exercise), and alcohol was the most frequent dietary cause of headache. These findings are generally consistent with those from previous surveys, although some interesting departures emerge which may be accounted for by demographic differences in the populations studied.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-09-2023
DOI: 10.1002/CPP.2907
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-06-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465809990075
Abstract: Background: There is a growing quest for anger management techniques especially in underserved populations. Patients with a substance abuse history often have untreated anger problems. Aims: To test a new comprehensive program for prevention, intervention, and remediation of anger in chemically-dependent patients. A secondary aim was to explore any anger differences between males versus females. Method: Twenty-six participants (13 male, 13 female) completed three phases of treatment plus follow-up. Dependent measures were six subscales of the (STAXI) questionnaire and self-monitored frequency, duration, and intensity of anger. Results: A significant multivariate effect of phase of study accounted for 42% of the variance in STAXI scores. Univariate F -tests confirmed significant changes on all STAXI subscales. Most of these were between pre and post phases of the study, the effect sizes = +0.8 for state anger and +0.99 for trait anger. For self-monitored variables, significant reductions emerged between treatment phases, the average pre-post effect size = +1.02. Gender did not affect STAXI scores although females had more self-monitored anger, particularly anger episodes. Conclusions: Findings suggest cumulative efficacy of the anger treatment program. That trait anger declined more than state anger may indicate characterological change in addition to situational change anger frequency and duration declined more than intensity in keeping with other reports that intensity peaks suddenly and is less modifiable. That males and females were generally similar in anger is worth noting in relation to other studies. Finally, participant attrition is discussed as a problem and a possible index of treatment outcome.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1998
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1464017
Abstract: The veracity of self-report is often questioned, especially in anger, which is particularly susceptible to social desirability bias (SDB). However, could tests of SDB be themselves susceptible to bias? This study aimed to replicate the inverse correlation between a common test of SDB and a test of anger, to deconstruct this relationship according to anger-related versus non-anger-related items, and to reevaluate factor structure and reliability of the SDB test. More than 200 students were administered the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale Short Version [M-C1(10)] and the Anger Parameters Scale (APS). Results confirmed that anger and SDB scores were significantly and inversely correlated. This intercorrelation became nonsignificant when the 4 anger-related items were omitted from the M-C1(10). Confirmatory factor analyses showed excellent fit for a model comprising anger items of the M-C1(10) but not for models of the entire instrument or nonanger items. The first model also attained high internal consistency. Thus, the significant negative correlation between anger and SDB is attributable to 4 M-C1(10) anger items, for which low ratings are automatically scored as high SDB this stems from a tenuous assumption that low anger reports are invariably biased. The SDB test risks false positives of faking good and should be used with caution.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00121-0
Abstract: Previous research on anxiety and some recent reports on chronic pain suggest that the response to aversive stimuli may be influenced by expectations rather than actual experience. This study examined the contributions of four expectancy-related variables to the tolerance and avoidance of pain: pain expectancy, response expectancy, self-efficacy expectancy, and danger expectancy. Chronic pain sufferers volunteered to undergo cold pressor pain on two trials (the first for practice, and the second to determine tolerance) and then faced the prospect of a third trial (to determine avoidance). It was found that expected tolerance (or response expectancy) significantly predicted actual tolerance, whereas expected danger significantly predicted avoidance. These findings are in partial agreement with previous research. Among the clinical implications are that chronic pain sufferers generally associate pain with damage and they predict their pain tolerance well they do not necessarily escape from a compulsory activity that produces pain, but given the chance they would rather avoid it in the first place.
Publisher: ACM
Date: 27-05-2014
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2012
Abstract: When it comes to communication of pain, Anna Wierzbicka (2012) takes issue with the scientific definition of pain and turns to natural semantic metalanguage (NSM). However, “pain” is not one of the 64 semantic primes in NSM, and therefore Wierzbicka suggests words such as “body,” “bad,” and “don’t want.” This blurs the boundaries between pain and other aversive sensations and it also challenges certain clinical features of the pain experience.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1998
Publisher: ACM
Date: 07-2015
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
Location: United States of America
No related grants have been discovered for Ephrem Fernandez.